DOCSLIB.ORG

Avian Bornavirus Infection in Waterfowl

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Avian Bornavirus Infection in Waterfowl Avian Bornavirus Infection in Waterfowl by Pauline G. Delnatte A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Science in Pathobiology Guelph, Ontario, Canada ©Pauline G. Delnatte, August, 2013 ii ABSTRACT AVIAN BORNAVIRUS INFECTION IN WATERFOWL Pauline G. Delnatte Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013 Dr. Dale A. Smith Avian bornavirus (ABV) is a newly recognized cause of neurological disease and mortality in free-ranging geese and swans in Ontario. To determine the correlation between clinical signs, pathological lesions and presence of ABV in tissues of wild waterfowl, 955 pathology cases from Canada geese (Branta canadensis), trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) and mute swans (Cygnus olor) were reviewed, and 51 cases selected based on the presence of pathology or clinical history suggestive of ABV infection. The presence of virus in brains, assessed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was highly correlated with the presence of non-suppurative inflammation in the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. Partial sequencing of the ABV-nucleocapsid gene from infected geese indicated a unique waterfowl genotype. To estimate the prevalence of ABV infection in southern Ontario, cloacal swabs and blood samples were collected from 624 asymptomatic free-ranging waterfowl and evaluated using RT-PCR and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Thirteen percent of Canada geese caught on the Toronto Zoo site shed ABV in urofeces iii compared to none of the geese sampled at three other locations. The prevalences of ABV shedding in mute swans, trumpeter swans and mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were 9.3%, 0% and 0%, respectively. Serum antibodies were present, often at high prevalence, in birds from all four species and at each sampling site. To investigate the possibility of vertical transmission of ABV in wild Canada geese, 53 eggs were collected from an infected flock. ABV was detected in the yolk of one infertile egg. To determine whether poultry species were susceptible to infection with the waterfowl strain of ABV, domestic ducks, chickens and geese were inoculated with brain homogenate from ABV-infected Canada geese. ABV was not detected using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR in any inoculated or control bird at 45 or 90 days post inoculation. No histological lesions consistent with ABV infection were found in any ducks and chickens; however, non-suppurative inflammation was present in nervous tissues of 5/13 inoculated geese, 5/13 control geese, and 3/8 geese euthanized prior to inoculation, suggesting the presence of a pre-existing, non-ABV neurotropic virus. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank, most sincerely, my advisor Dale Smith for her support and mentorship throughout this program, and for offering me this project in the first place. Thank you so much for your patience, your generosity and your dedication. Thanks for always taking the time to go over any “problem”, whether it was looking at slides at the last minute or helping me to complete a tax return… I could not wish for a better advisor. I am also extremely grateful to the other members of my advisory committee, Éva Nagy, Davor Ojkic, Josepha DeLay and Simon Hollamby, for their invaluable insights in this research, their enthusiasm and for always having their doors open for me. It has been a pleasure working with you. I would like to thank all the pathologists of the department that have taught me the basics of pathology at the beginning of this program. Thanks also to Doug Campbell, Marina Brash and Claire Jardine for their contributions and for being happy to answer any of my questions. Special thanks go to Ian Barker. Ian, I feel extremely lucky to have made my first steps in wildlife pathology with you. I greatfully acknowledge Ian Tizard and Susan Payne of the Schubot Exotic Bird Health Centre (Texas A&M University) for their help and collaboration. This work would have not been completed without the help of many other dedicated people. I have been impressed by the expertise and kindness of so many of you: - I am indebted to David Leishman who ran an impressive number of ELISAs in a very timely manner. Thanks also to Betty-Anne McBey who provided essential technical assistance in the early stage of the ELISA design and for the sample collection of the experimental birds. - I am very appreciative of the staff at the Animal Health Laboratory, especially Susan Lapos, Ana Rita Rebelo, Sarah Hoyland, Jane Coventry and Elizabeth Hillyer, for their immense help with this project. v - I am grateful to Lenny Shirose, Carol Lee Ernst and Dave Cristo (CCWHC) for making graphs, findings slides and reports, and sorting out samples for me and always smiling. - I would like to thank the Ontario Trumpeter Swan Re-introduction Program (Harry Lumsden, Bev and Ray Kingdon, Julie Kee and Kyna Intini), the Canadian Wildlife Service (James Vanos [CWS London & Guelph] and Christopher Sharp [CWS Ottawa]), the Ministry of Natural Resources (Rob Brook [MNR Peterborough]), the Toronto Region Conservation Authority (Danny Moro) and the Golf Glen Veterinary Clinic (Aurora, Ontario) for their assistance in collecting and processing samples for the prevalence part of this study. Field work has always been wonderful and I am very glad I had the chance to meet each of you. - Thanks to the Animal Care staff of the OMAFRA Animal Isolation Facility for the daily care of my experimental birds and for having coped so well with the unexpected! - Thanks to all the previous Toronto Zoo residents for their goose and swan histology reports that were critical for the retrospective part of this study. Special thanks go to Maya Kummrow and Charlene Berkvens for their key contribution early in this project. - Thanks to all students that helped me immensely in this project, particularly Monika Janssen, Veronica Kay, Elizabeth Beck, Nicole Zaranek, Matthew Mak and Kyle Elias. - I gratefully acknowledge Amy Kistler and Joseph deRisi (University of California - San Francisco) for providing the rabbit polyclonal antiserum used for the IHC; Susan Payne (Texas A&M) for providing the antigen used for the ELISA; and Pierre Yves Daoust for providing the samples from CCWHC - Atlantic Region used in the retrospective part of this study. - Thanks to the Toronto Zoological Foundation, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), the CCWHC-Ontario, the OVC Pet Trust, the Animal Health Laboratory and the Schubot Exotic Bird Health Centre for their vi generous financial help for this project. The stipend of my DVSc degree was provided by the Toronto Zoological Foundation. I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to the other people who supported me during this program and made these three years truly fantastic. I would like to dedicate this work to the staff of the Wildlife Health Center of the Toronto Zoo. This residency would have been completely different without Graham Crawshaw and Chris Dutton. Thanks for trusting me, supporting me and teaching me so many things. You will always be the ones who made me the zoo veterinarian I am today… and it means a lot to me. Graham, your passion for zoo and wild animals is beautiful to watch and inspirational. Your dedication and professionalism will always be a role model. I guess I will have to agree with this little kid… “You rock Dr Graham!”. Chris, I’m not sure that I can thank you enough for all these unforgettable days spent together, whether we were driving around the zoo or spotlighting ferrets. I loved every single one and I miss them already. You are a brilliant veterinarian, a wonderful teacher and an incredible person. You have been my day-to-day support for these last three years. Thanks for everything… A very special thank-you goes to Tasha Long, Michelle Lovering and Dawn Mihailovic for being the best technicians in the world! Thanks so much for your constant support, your kindness and your friendship. Thanks for always being so knowledgeable and resourceful. I wish I could “steal” you for wherever I’m going to work in the future! I am still amazed every day by the expertise and dedication of the keepers in this beautiful zoo. I would especially like to thank all of the Health Center keepers, in particular Charles Guthrie, Andrew Lentini, Lydia Attard, Mark Bongelli, Margaret Kolakowski, Paula Roberts and Andrea Dada (the budgie keeper!). Thanks for making this hospital such a great place to work. I will miss you deeply. Thanks to all the other vii keepers, curators and staff from the nutrition and reproduction departments. I learnt so much from all of you. It was an honour to be part of your team. And thanks to Iga Stasiak, Adriana Nielsen and Mélanie Ammersbach for all the fun we shared at the zoo or at Guelph. I am also very grateful to Stéphane Lair, Guy Fitzgerald and Marion Desmarchelier for affording me the incredible opportunity to partake in this residency three years ago. I obviously cannot forget my family and friends from France and elsewhere who have loved and supported me from a distance. It has always been such a good feeling to hear your voices on the phone or to see you very occasionally and realize that nothing had changed! A special thank to Yann for being the best best-friend one can hope for. I would like to deeply thank my wonderful parents and brothers for their unconditional love. I know you think I am too far away, but I’m happy and it is worth it. I will always love you. Pauline Delnatte, Toronto, August 2013 viii DECLARATION OF WORK PERFORMED I declare that, with the exception of the technical analyses listed below, all the work reported in this thesis was performed by me.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mented, Negative-Strand RNA Virus
    ウ イ ル ス 45(2),165-174,1995 特集 ネガテ ィブ鎖RNAウ イルス 4. The atypical strategies used for gene expression of Borna disease virus, a nonseg- mented, negative-strand RNA virus. ANETTE SCHNEEMANN,* PATRICK A. SCHNEIDER,*•˜ and W. IAN LIPKIN*•˜ *Laboratory for Neurovirology , Department of Neurology, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, § Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 $ To whom correspondence should be addressed . FAX : (714) 824-2132. Email : ilipkin @ uci. edu al., 1992), has opened the fields of BDV biology and Abstract pathogenesis for rigorous investigation. BDV has Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic agent now been defined as an enveloped, nonsegmented that causes disturbances in movement and behavior negative-strand RNA virus (Briese et al., 1992 ; in vertebrate host species ranging from birds to Compans et al., 1994 Zimmermann et al., 1994) and primates. Although the virus has not been isolated its sequence has been determined independently in from human subjects, there is indirect evidence to two laboratories (Briese et al., 1994 ; Cubitt et al., suggest that humans with neuropsychiatric dis- 1994b). Although aspects of gene organization and orders may be infected with BDV. Recently, virus deduced protein sequence suggest relatedness to particles have been isolated and the viral genomic members of the order Mononegavirales (paramyx- RNA has been cloned. This analysis revealed that oviruses, rhabdoviruses and filoviruses), BDV BDV is a nonsegmented, negative-strand RNA shows unusual features such as RNA splicing virus. Unusual features such as RNA splicing, over- (Schneider et al., 1994 ; Cubitt et al. 1994c) and lap of transcription units and transcription signals, overlap of transcription units and transcription as well as sequence dissimilarity for four of five signals (Schneemann et al., 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Taxonomic Update for Phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), Including the Large Orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales
    Archives of Virology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales Jens H. Kuhn1 · Scott Adkins2 · Daniela Alioto3 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky4 · Gaya K. Amarasinghe5 · Simon J. Anthony6,7 · Tatjana Avšič‑Županc8 · María A. Ayllón9,10 · Justin Bahl11 · Anne Balkema‑Buschmann12 · Matthew J. Ballinger13 · Tomáš Bartonička14 · Christopher Basler15 · Sina Bavari16 · Martin Beer17 · Dennis A. Bente18 · Éric Bergeron19 · Brian H. Bird20 · Carol Blair21 · Kim R. Blasdell22 · Steven B. Bradfute23 · Rachel Breyta24 · Thomas Briese25 · Paul A. Brown26 · Ursula J. Buchholz27 · Michael J. Buchmeier28 · Alexander Bukreyev18,29 · Felicity Burt30 · Nihal Buzkan31 · Charles H. Calisher32 · Mengji Cao33,34 · Inmaculada Casas35 · John Chamberlain36 · Kartik Chandran37 · Rémi N. Charrel38 · Biao Chen39 · Michela Chiumenti40 · Il‑Ryong Choi41 · J. Christopher S. Clegg42 · Ian Crozier43 · John V. da Graça44 · Elena Dal Bó45 · Alberto M. R. Dávila46 · Juan Carlos de la Torre47 · Xavier de Lamballerie38 · Rik L. de Swart48 · Patrick L. Di Bello49 · Nicholas Di Paola50 · Francesco Di Serio40 · Ralf G. Dietzgen51 · Michele Digiaro52 · Valerian V. Dolja53 · Olga Dolnik54 · Michael A. Drebot55 · Jan Felix Drexler56 · Ralf Dürrwald57 · Lucie Dufkova58 · William G. Dundon59 · W. Paul Duprex60 · John M. Dye50 · Andrew J. Easton61 · Hideki Ebihara62 · Toufc Elbeaino63 · Koray Ergünay64 · Jorlan Fernandes195 · Anthony R. Fooks65 · Pierre B. H. Formenty66 · Leonie F. Forth17 · Ron A. M. Fouchier48 · Juliana Freitas‑Astúa67 · Selma Gago‑Zachert68,69 · George Fú Gāo70 · María Laura García71 · Adolfo García‑Sastre72 · Aura R. Garrison50 · Aiah Gbakima73 · Tracey Goldstein74 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez75,76 · Anthony Grifths77 · Martin H. Groschup12 · Stephan Günther78 · Alexandro Guterres195 · Roy A.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis and Transmission Cycle of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Isolated in Hokkaido
    Title Phylogenetic analysis and transmission cycle of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated in Hokkaido Author(s) HAYASAKA, Daisuke Citation Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 46(2-3), 159-160 Issue Date 1998-11-30 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/2711 Type bulletin (article) File Information KJ00003408044.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP lPn. l. Vet. Res. 46(2-3), (1998) Information 159 Establishment of monoclonal antibodies against Borna disease virus p40 protein and the application to a serological diagnostic method Kouji Tsujimura Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicene, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan Borna disease causes polioencephalomyelitis protein of BDV were obtained using recombinant of horses and sheep. The disease has been p40 protein as the immunogen. These MAbs known to be endemic in Central Europe. Re­ were confirmed to be reactive to native p40 centely, seroepidemiological survey of the causa­ protein by Immunofluorescent antibody assay tive agent (Borna disease virus, BDV) suggests (IF A) using MDCK cells persistently infected that the virus distributes in wide areas among with BDV. differernt spicies of animals and is also suspected 2. The MAbs were separated into three groups to be associated with human psychiatric dis­ from reactivity to p40 in Western blot analysis. orders. It is important to search the reservoir B9 and E7 of group 1 can detect the virus antigen animal, however there is no standard seological in persistently infected rat brain. These two diagnostic method for BDV infection and the MAbs recognized different epitopes.
    [Show full text]
  • Borna Disease Virus Infection in Animals and Humans
    Synopses Borna Disease Virus Infection in Animals and Humans Jürgen A. Richt,* Isolde Pfeuffer,* Matthias Christ,* Knut Frese,† Karl Bechter,‡ and Sibylle Herzog* *Institut für Virologie, Giessen, Germany; †Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Giessen, Germany; and ‡Universität Ulm, Günzburg, Germany The geographic distribution and host range of Borna disease (BD), a fatal neuro- logic disease of horses and sheep, are larger than previously thought. The etiologic agent, Borna disease virus (BDV), has been identified as an enveloped nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus with unique properties of replication. Data indicate a high degree of genetic stability of BDV in its natural host, the horse. Studies in the Lewis rat have shown that BDV replication does not directly influence vital functions; rather, the disease is caused by a virus-induced T-cell–mediated immune reaction. Because antibodies reactive with BDV have been found in the sera of patients with neuro- psychiatric disorders, this review examines the possible link between BDV and such disorders. Seroepidemiologic and cerebrospinal fluid investigations of psychiatric patients suggest a causal role of BDV infection in human psychiatric disorders. In diagnostically unselected psychiatric patients, the distribution of psychiatric disorders was found to be similar in BDV seropositive and seronegative patients. In addition, BDV-seropositive neurologic patients became ill with lymphocytic meningoencephali- tis. In contrast to others, we found no evidence is reported for BDV RNA, BDV antigens, or infectious BDV in peripheral blood cells of psychiatric patients. Borna disease (BD), first described more predilection for the gray matter of the cerebral than 200 years ago in southern Germany as a hemispheres and the brain stem (8,19).
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Rapidly Infects And
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.21.423836; this version posted December 21, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license. 1 Title: Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Rapidly Infects and 2 Disseminates in the Brain and Spinal Cord of Infected 3 Cynomolgus Macaques Following Aerosol Challenge 4 Janice A Williams1*, Simon Y Long1*, Xiankun Zeng1, Kathleen Kuehl1, April M 5 Babka1, Neil M Davis1, Jun Liu1, John C Trefry2, Sharon Daye1, Paul R 6 Facemire1, Patrick L Iversen3, Sina Bavari4, Margaret L Pitt2, 4#, Farooq Nasar2# 7 8 1Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious 9 Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland, USA 10 11 2Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious 12 Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland, USA 13 14 3Therapeutics Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of 15 Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland, USA 16 17 4Office of the Commander, United States Army Medical Research Institute of 18 Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, Maryland, USA 19 20 21 *J.A.W. and S.Y.L. contributed equally to this work. 22 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.21.423836; this version posted December 21, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder.
    [Show full text]
  • West Nile Virus Infection of Horses Javier Castillo-Olivares, James Wood
    West Nile virus infection of horses Javier Castillo-Olivares, James Wood To cite this version: Javier Castillo-Olivares, James Wood. West Nile virus infection of horses. Veterinary Research, BioMed Central, 2004, 35 (4), pp.467-483. 10.1051/vetres:2004022. hal-00902791 HAL Id: hal-00902791 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00902791 Submitted on 1 Jan 2004 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Vet. Res. 35 (2004) 467–483 467 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2004 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2004022 Review article West Nile virus infection of horses Javier CASTILLO-OLIVARES*, James WOOD Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom (Received 26 January 2004; accepted 1 March 2004) Abstract – West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus closely related to Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses that is primarily maintained in nature by transmission cycles between mosquitoes and birds. Occasionally, WNV infects and causes disease in other vertebrates, including humans and horses. West Nile virus has re-emerged as an important pathogen as several recent outbreaks of encephalomyelitis have been reported from different parts of Europe in addition to the large epidemic that has swept across North America.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR for Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Avian Bornaviruses
    viruses Article A New Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR for Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Avian Bornaviruses Brigitte Sigrist 1, Jessica Geers 2, Sarah Albini 1, Dennis Rubbenstroth 2,3 and Nina Wolfrum 1,* 1 Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (S.A.) 2 Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; [email protected] (J.G.); dennis.rubbenstroth@fli.de (D.R.) 3 Medical Center, Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-44-635-86-36 Abstract: Avian bornaviruses were first described in 2008 as the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in parrots and their relatives (Psittaciformes). To date, 15 genetically highly diverse avian bornaviruses covering at least five viral species have been discovered in different bird orders. Currently, the primary diagnostic tool is the detection of viral RNA by conventional or real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). One of the drawbacks of this is the usage of either specific assays, allowing the detection of one particular virus, or of assays with a broad detection spectrum, which, however, do not allow for the simultaneous specification of the detected virus. To facilitate the simultaneous detection and specification of avian bornaviruses, a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay was developed. Whole-genome sequences of various bornaviruses were aligned. Primers were designed to recognize conserved regions within the overlapping X/P gene and probes were selected to detect virus species-specific regions within the target region.
    [Show full text]
  • Borna Disease Virus
    APPENDIX 2 Borna Disease Virus At-Risk Populations: • Unknown Disease Agent: Vector and Reservoir Involved: • Borna disease virus (BDV) • Sporadic enzootic disease of horses and sheep Disease Agent Characteristics: although host range is wide; however, mode of trans- • Family: Bornaviridae; Genus: Bornavirus mission and reservoir is unknown. • Virion morphology and size: Enveloped, helical • Neonatal rats experimentally infected with BDV nucleocapsid symmetry, spherical, 90-100 nm or develop viral persistence, so rodents are a theoretical larger in diameter reservoir and vector, although naturally infected • Nucleic acid: Linear, nonsegmented, negative-sense, rodents have not been found. single-stranded RNA, 8.9 kb in size • Physicochemical properties: Cell-free virion infectiv- Blood Phase: ity is inactivated by heating at 56°C for 0.5-3 hours but • Unknown, but transcripts and proteins detected more stable in tissues or in the presence of serum; in PBMC from patients with acute or chronic under in vitro conditions, virions are relatively stable psychiatric disease; cross-contamination not ruled when stored at 37°C, with minimal loss of infectivity out after 24 hours in the presence of serum; stable after drying and for at least 3 months at 4°C; tolerant of Survival/Persistence in Blood Products: alkaline pH but inactivated below pH 4; virions are • Unknown sensitive to treatment with organic solvents and detergents, and infectivity is reduced after exposure Transmission by Blood Transfusion: to ultraviolet light and irradiation. • Never
    [Show full text]
  • The Equine Species As Trojan Horse for Borna Disease Virus-1?
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS) Veterinary Quarterly ISSN: 0165-2176 (Print) 1875-5941 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tveq20 The equine species as Trojan horse for Borna Disease Virus-1? J.H. van der Kolk To cite this article: J.H. van der Kolk (2018) The equine species as Trojan horse for Borna Disease Virus-1?, Veterinary Quarterly, 38:1, 126-128, DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1551172 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2019.1551172 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Published online: 18 Feb 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 29 | downloaded: 4.12.2019 View Crossmark data https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.131197 source: Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tveq20 VETERINARY QUARTERLY 2018, VOL. 38, NO. 1, 126–128 https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2019.1551172 EDITORIAL The equine species as Trojan horse for Borna Disease Virus-1? Dear reader, disease (Ludwig et al. 1988). In man, herpes simplex The recent report on a veterinarian bitten by a horse virus type 1 (HSV-1), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), seropositive to Borna Disease Virus-1 (BoDV-1) in the Borna disease virus, rabies virus and influenza A virus Netherlands (Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan have also been shown to take the olfactory route for et al.
    [Show full text]
  • West Nile Virus in Brazil
    pathogens Article West Nile Virus in Brazil Érica Azevedo Costa 1,†, Marta Giovanetti 2,3,† , Lilian Silva Catenacci 4,† , Vagner Fonseca 3,5,6,† , Flávia Figueira Aburjaile 3,† , Flávia L. L. Chalhoub 2, Joilson Xavier 3 , Felipe Campos de Melo Iani 7 , Marcelo Adriano da Cunha e Silva Vieira 8, Danielle Freitas Henriques 9, Daniele Barbosa de Almeida Medeiros 9, Maria Isabel Maldonado Coelho Guedes 1 , Beatriz Senra Álvares da Silva Santos 1 , Aila Solimar Gonçalves Silva 1, Renata de Pino Albuquerque Maranhão 10, Nieli Rodrigues da Costa Faria 2, Renata Farinelli de Siqueira 11 , Tulio de Oliveira 5, Karina Ribeiro Leite Jardim Cavalcante 12, Noely Fabiana Oliveira de Moura 12, Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano 12, Carlos F. Campelo de Albuquerque 13, Lauro César Soares Feitosa 14 , José Joffre Martins Bayeux 15 , Raffaella Bertoni Cavalcanti Teixeira 16 , Osmaikon Lisboa Lobato 17 , Silvokleio da Costa Silva 17 , Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis 2, Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha 18, José Lourenço 19 and Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara 2,3,* 1 Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; [email protected] (É.A.C.); [email protected] (M.I.M.C.G.); [email protected] (B.S.Á.d.S.S.); [email protected] (A.S.G.S.) 2 Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; [email protected] (M.G.); fl[email protected] (F.L.L.C.); [email protected] (N.R.d.C.F.); ana.bispo@ioc.fiocruz.br
    [Show full text]
  • Borna Disease Virus, a Negative-Strand RNA Virus
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 89, pp. 11486-11489, December 1992 Neurobiology Borna disease virus, a negative-strand RNA virus, transcribes in the nucleus of infected cells (central nervous system infection/behavioral disorders) THOMAS BRIESE*t, JUAN CARLOS DE LA TORREt, ANN LEWIS§, HANNS LUDWIG*, AND W. IAN LIPKIN§¶ *Institute of Virology, Free University of Berlin, Nordufer 20, D 1000 Berlin 65, Federal Republic of Germany; tDepartment of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; and IDepartments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Neurology, and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717 Communicated by D. Carleton Gajdusek, September 1, 1992 (receivedfor review April 22, 1992) ABSTRACT Borna disease virus, an uncas ied Infec- 100,000 x g for 1 hr at 200C, resuspended in 20 mM Tris HCl, tious agent, causes immune-mediated neurologic disease in a pH 7.4/125 mM MgCl2 (Tris-Mg,2 buffer), and treated with wide variety of animal hosts and may be involved in patho- DNase (Boehringer Mannheim) at 50 Ag/ml and RNase genesis of selected neuropsychiatric diseases in man. 1nitial (Boehringer Mannheim) at 50 ,ug/ml for 1 hr at 3TC. Virus reports suggested that Borna disease virus is a singlesranded particles were pelleted at 100,000 x g for 1 hr at 40C and RNA virus. We describe here a method for isolatin of viral resuspended in Tris-Mg,25 buffer for virus titration or nucleic particles that has allowed definitive identification ofthe genome acid extraction. as containg a negative-polarity RNA. Further, we show that Extraction of RNAs from Virus Partickles.
    [Show full text]
  • Bornaviridae
    1 Bornaviridae Taxonomy Riboviria › Orthornavirae › Negarnaviricota › Haploviricotina › Monjiviricetes › Mononegavirales › Born aviridae Derivation of name Borna refers to the city of Borna in Saxony, Germany, where many horses died in 1885 during an epidemic of a neurological disease, designated as Borna disease (BD), caused by the infectious agent presently known as Borna disease virus (BDV). Genus Bornavirus Type species Borna disease virus Virion properties Morphology Electron microscopy studies of negatively stained infectious particles of an isolate of Borna disease virus (BDV) have shown that virions have a spherical morphology with a diameter of 90±10 nm containing an internal electron-dense core (50–60 nm). Physicochemical and physical properties Virion Molecular weight not known. Virus infectivity is rapidly lost by heat treatment at 56 °C. Virions are relatively stable at 37 °C, and only minimal infectivity loss is observed after 24 hrs incubation at 37 °C in the presence of serum. Virions are inactivated below pH 5.0, as well as by treatment with organic solvents, detergents, and exposure to UV radiation. Infectivity is completely and rapidly destroyed by chlorine-containing disinfectants or formaldehyde treatment. Nucleic acid The genome consists of a single molecule of a linear, negative sense ssRNA about 8.9 kb in size and Mr of about 3×106). The RNA genome is not polyadenylated. Extracistronic sequences are found at the 3′ (leader) and 5′ (trailer) ends of the BDV genome. The ends of the BDV genome RNA exhibit partial Prepared By : Dr. Vandana Gupta 2 inverted complementarity. Full-length plus-strand (antigenomic) RNAs are present in infected cells and in viral ribonucleoproteins.
    [Show full text]