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Gorkha Valley Assessment, Nepal Gorkha District, June 2015 SITUATION OVERVIEW

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Gorkha Valley Assessment, Nepal Gorkha District, June 2015 SITUATION OVERVIEW Gorkha Valley Assessment, Nepal Gorkha District, June 2015 SITUATION OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION The present assessment complements other monsoon and winter seasons. Residents indicated assessments of hard-to-reach valleys, and a a desire to rebuild, however, they lacked materials The Gorkha Valley was severely affected by the larger and statistically representative shelter (CGI, in particular) and technical expertise. Access two major earthquakes that struck Nepal on 25 April and settlements vulnerability assessment at the constraints also appear to be a hindrance to the and 12 May 2015. Comprising remote and hard-to- household-level, conducted in partnership with the procurement of materials. reach valleys, this District was among the 14 heavily Shelter Cluster. affected districts, defined as Priority Districts by the Nepali government. SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS To ensure full coverage of the prioritized areas, The majority of housing damage reportedly occurred and because some areas were inaccessible by 4x4 during the 25 April earthquake. On average, an vehicles due to the severe topographical terrain, estimated 85% of households have been displaced. REACH and OCHA conducted assessments by These households were not displaced any helicopter in remote and hard-to-reach valleys. significant distance from their home. Indeed, at the time of data collection, most of the displaced The Situation Overview outlines the households were sleeping outside under tarpaulins humanitarian needs among the residents living near their damaged homes. in hard-to-reach areas of the specific District of Shelter was indicated as a high priority for Gorkha, situated northwest of Kathmandu. households in most of the VDCs surveyed, It covers communities located in seven Village though it appears to be less of a priority than food security. Nearly three-quarters of the population felt Development Committees (VDCs): four in Manaslu unsafe living in their houses, fearing aftershocks. Valley (Bihi, Samagaon, Lho and Prok) and three in Additionally, more than 50% of households stated Tsum Valley (Chhekampar, Chumchet and Sirdibas). that they did not feel protected against the coming Map 1: Location map of Gorkha District and assessed valleys IMPACT ON MANASLU The community reported that their top three METHODOLOGY emergency shelter needs were training on safer VALLEY COMMUNITIES construction techniques, technical assistance and Together with Rasuwa, Dolakha and CGI sheeting. An estimated 50 to 75% of households Sindhupalchok, Gorkha was one of the priority BIHI VDC reported feeling protected against current weather districts including remote and hard-to-reach conditions, as well as the upcoming monsoon valleys. DAMAGE TO HOUSING season; however less than 25% felt protected for the On 1-8 June 2015, REACH conducted a joint upcoming winter season. assessment in the valley, covering seven of the The village of Hinang was assessed in Bihi VDC. more difficult to reach VDCs in the northern part Houses in Hinang were constructed primarily of stone DAMAGE TO SERVICES & KEY of the District. with timber plank roofing. It was reported that an INFRASTRUCTURE estimated 50-75% of houses were damaged during The assessment consisted of a community the first earthquake, while up to an additional 25% Prior to the earthquakes, an estimated 75-100% discussion questionnaire and a participatory were damaged during the second earthquake. of households reportedly had electricity via micro- mapping activity to understand access hydroelectric power; they continued to have electricity constraints and services along the route traveled Poor building design and poor construction practices following the earthquakes. between villages. were the top two reasons given by affected households as main causes of housing damage. Prior to the earthquakes, education, health and other Focus group discussions were held with key community services were already reported to be informants in 13 communities. DISPLACEMENT lacking and were still reported as a need at the time Key informants were selected based on their area It was reported that no households in Hinang had of data collection. The primary school was reported of knowledge, with preference given to those been displaced as a result of the earthquakes, to have begun operating again, but attendance was that had recently returned from affected areas despite the reported housing damage. low, perhaps due to access constraints and fear of in the assessed valleys. All data collected was safety. There were no telecommunications services transcribed on paper forms, and subsequently EMERGENCY SHELTER functioning when the VDC was assessed. digitized and stored. After each round of key informant interviews, Since the earthquakes, the community has reportedly WASH received temporary shelter assistance in the form debriefing sessions were held with the The VDC has previously and was still, at the time of enumerators to review the reported findings and of tents. Households reported that debris can be used to repair or rebuild their houses, and that light assessment, depending on unimproved surface and incorporate their observations. equipment and/or labour assistance was needed for groundwater sources. debris removal. 2 Open defecation was common throughout the VDC DAMAGE TO HOUSING despite the reported housing damage. Samdo as most toilets (pit latrines, most commonly) were reportedly had only 1-2 completely uninhabitable destroyed during the earthquakes. Houses in Samdo were constructed primarily of houses. However, Samagaon reported that an stone masonry with CGI or slate/tile roofing, while estimated 80-90% of residents were sleeping under those in Samagaon were constructed primarily of REPORTED NEEDS tarps. stone masonry with slate/tile roofing. At the time of data collection, between 50-75% EMERGENCY SHELTER of households had begun making repairs to their houses after the first earthquake and prior to the Since the earthquakes, both communities have second. Milled timber, training, cement and CGI reportedly received tents for temporary shelter were reported as the most needed reconstruction assistance; Samagaon has also received cash resources. Many households had access to wood to assistance. Both communities reported that debris repair or replace the timber plank roofing. However, could be used to repair or rebuild their houses the harvesting of wood has reportedly been limited and that light equipment and/or labour assistance by the Manaslu Conservation Area Project as were needed for debris removal in Samdo, while an environmental conservation measure. The Picture 1: Damaged community campsite in heavy equipment was reportedly needed for debris community did not report any essential NFI needs. Samagaon VDC removal in Samagaon. SAMAGAON VDC Both villages reported that an estimated 75-99% of Samdo reported that their top three emergency houses were damaged during the first earthquake, shelter needs were CGI sheeting, technical POPULATION* while up to an additional 1-25% were damaged assistance and timber. Samagaon’s reported top during the second earthquake. three emergency shelter needs also included CGI roofing, in addition to cement and bricks. The villages of Samdo and Samagaon were Poor construction practices were cited as main assessed in Samagaon VDC. According to key causes of housing damage in both villages. The All households in both communities reported feeling informant interviews, Samdo had a reported village of Samagaon also cited neglect in keeping unprotected against current weather conditions, as population of 103 people, living in 40 households; the houses in good condition as a cause. well as the upcoming monsoon and winter seasons. and Samagaon had a population of 600 people, living in 280 households. DISPLACEMENT It was reported that no households in Samdo had been displaced as a result of the earthquakes *Population data comes from the joint inter-agency shelter and settlements vulnerability assessment. It is based on a survey conducted by OCHA. 3 DAMAGE TO SERVICES & KEY time of the assessment. Milled timber and CGI were damaged. Up to an additional 25% were INFRASTRUCTURE were reported as the most needed reconstruction damaged during the second earthquake in all three resources in Samdo, while cash and bricks were villages. Poor building design and poor construction The hydroelectric power plant in Samagaon has reported in Samagaon. practices were the top reasons given as causes of reportedly been broken since the earthquakes and housing damage. households continued to be without electricity at the Samdo reported that they could procure CGI, time of assessment. cement, iron rods and tools from Tibet using yaks, DISPLACEMENT though it is a two-day journey. Bricks were the only The primary school was reported to have begun resource reported as being easily accessible. It was reported that no households in any of the operating again, and students in Samagaon have communities had been displaced as a result of the started returning to school. Both communities reported having received some earthquakes, despite the reported housing damage. The phone tower in Samagaon, which used to serve information related to safer construction techniques. communities down the valley from Samagaon as They did not report any essential NFI needs. EMERGENCY SHELTER well, was reportedly not functioning. LHO VDC Since the earthquakes, all three communities have WASH reportedly received tents for temporary shelter assistance; Lho has also received cash assistance.
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