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Cost Model Approach for Next Generation Emergency Call Systems Italy Case Study Cost Model Approach for Next Generation Emergency Call Systems Italy Case Study Ahmet Apak and Ilker Ustoglu Control Automation Department, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Istanbul, Turkey Keywords: Emergency Call System, 112 PSAP, Rescue Services, ERO (Emergency Response Organization), Cellular Tower Network, Crash Notification, Emergency Call Unit, eCall, PSAP, Cellular Tower. Abstract: Next generation emergency notification system after emergency call (eCall) equipped vehicle regulations with the legislation EU-2015/758 is analysed via optimal architecture selection with the study of cost modelling for the “Emergency Calls EROs Handling” model of European Emergency Number Association (EENA) which is applied in Italy, Austria, France, Germany and Norway. According to EU-Regulation 2015/758, public safety answering points (PSAPs) need to be ready for the new model system with the start date of 1st October 2017 while eCall-equipped vehicles are started to be produced at the end of March 2018. With this regulation, infrastructure and working procedure of eCall systems as well as eCall equipments and related vehicle structures will be updated or modified as an obligation. According to status of most appropriate 112 PSAPs, there may be an adaptation of manual eCall PSAPs, auto eCall PSAPs. In this paper, the optimal architecture of the system in Italy is discussed and the next generation crash notification systems for current “Emergency Calls EROs Handling” model are defined. 1 INTRODUCTION Navigation Satellite System to take the positioning data of the vehicle (2) which have an accident when According to International Accident and Road crashing the tree (5). Next, eCall unit (3) is the Database (IRTAD), numbers of road fatalities are device inside of the vehicle and will be an obligation changing between 3 and 13 for 100000 inhabitants after eCall equipped vehicle regulation in 2018. in the IRTAD member countries (IRTAD, 2014). Cellular tower (4) processes the communication The countries try to decrease these fatality rates; so signals and transfer to the related services thanks to the new regulations are created. The main objective communication network (6). 112 PSAP (7) is the of this study is to define the optimal architecture of emergency call response service in the current emergency call system in Italy after eCall equipped statuses. When Manual eCall PSAP (8) is the next vehicle regulation, EU-2015/758 in 2018. It means generation PSAP service for the accidents of the there will be the next generation of current vehicles which have manual eCall device, Automatic “Emergency Calls EROs Handling” model of eCall PSAP (9) is the next generation PSAP service European Emergency Number Association (EENA). for the accidents of the vehicles which have The emergency calls (eCall) system generic automatic eCall device. If the Manual eCall PSAP structure which includes both current and next and/or Auto eCall PSAP is only one unit, it is generation units are described in Figure-1. The described with unit (20). The Police station (15) current architectures of European Emergency which is used as 112 PSAP (7) is the integrated unit Number Association (EENA) are defined in Figure- (10). Rescue team vehicles are defined as the unit 2. In Figure-2, Model-1 is the current Italy (11) when ambulance service station is unit (14) and infrastructure and its next generation scenarios are fire service station is unit (16). Moreover, public analysed in this paper. Moreover, the next communication device such as mobile phone which generation architectures of Italy Infrastructure after enables to call the emergency service is unit (12) the eCall equipped vehicle regulation in 2018 are when the 112 PSAP which has an interconnected explained in Figure-3. In all figures, the description- structure is the unit (13). Interconnected PSAPs are numbers of units are expressed as: (1) Global connected with each others in the same region. If 130 Apak, A. and Ustoglu, I. Cost Model Approach for Next Generation Emergency Call Systems - Italy Case Study. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems (VEHITS 2016), pages 130-137 ISBN: 978-989-758-185-4 Copyright c 2016 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved Cost Model Approach for Next Generation Emergency Call Systems - Italy Case Study any of them cannot response the emergency calling, and cellular tower usage. Data are transmitted to the the other interconnected PSAP can response it. In related data entity which is defined by the service the next generation scenarios, the integrated control rules of digital cellular telecommunication room/building which can include PSAPs, rescue regulation. After the data is processed in cellular services, dispatch and response units inside, is the tower, it is forwarded to public safety answering unit (17) while the out of control room/building points with the communication network (6). By the structure is described with unit (19). Moreover, the way, eCall data are checked by (i) general unit (18) is defined which is the dispatch unit for all description of data; (ii) code requirements and (iii) type of rescue services. The unit (18) can be thought data conformance tests. Data of public safety as the one unit and it can make the dispatches for answering points with the new structure are fitted police vehicles, ambulance vehicles and fire with the operating requirements in the regulations of vehicles. If there is unit (18), there is no usage for third party organizations. PSAPs (7, 8 or 9) inform unit (14), (15) and (16) for the vehicle accidents. the rescue services with the accident data; and then The generic eCall system embodies the accident they forward the data sets to the rescue-vehicle with a vehicle (2) crashing into a tree (5) in Figure- teams (11). This whole accident situation needs to be 1. After the crash, vehicle-eCall unit (3) is fitted with the pan European eCall regulation and responsible for the activation process. If the eCall end to end conformance tests. device is triggered automatically, it is called automatic eCall activation. Manual or automatic activation is enabled by vehicle ignition signal and 2 ECALL ARCHITECTURES eCall wake up signals. 2.1 UpTo Date EENA Emergency Call Architectures Without eCall equipped vehicle regulations, there exist six main emergency system architectures at the current status based on EU-Countries. Model-1: Emergency Calls EROs handling (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Norway) . Model-2: Filtering stage-1 PSAP and resource dispatching stage-2 PSAPs (UK, Ireland, Netherland) . Model-3: Data Gathering by stage1 and resource dispatching by stage2 (Romania) . Model-4:Data Gathering by stage PSAP1 and Figure 1: Generic eCall crash notification system for Italy resource dispatching by stage PSAP2 in an (Current and Next Generation Units). integrated control room (Madrid, Ostrava, Belgium, Turkey) In this system, the supply voltage is provided by a . Model-5: ERO Independent PSAP (Finland) starter battery and the boost processor creates the . Model-6:Interconnected PSAP (Czech different types of voltages where the vehicle location Republic, Bulgaria, Sweden) is received by internal GNSS module from GNSS These current architectures are figured in Figure 2. Satellite (1). Cellular connection is provided with In this paper, the next generation of Model-1, internal GSM module in the eCall device (3). By the ‘Emergency Calls EROs handling’ which is the way, eCall device includes two main parts which are current status of Italy, Norway, Germany, France eCall measurement unit and Control Unit. It includes and Austria is investigated based on Italy also rechargeable battery which protects the device infrastructure. from power losses. Airbag signal, car crashing input On the other hand, there exists one more model and related vehicle data are sent to the main which is not used in any country at the current status processor of eCall control unit. ECall data in eCall which includes control room of PSAP (17) service equipped vehicle (2) will be sent to cellular tower with 1 ERO (14 or 15 or 16 or 18). It can be called (4) via cellular tower network. The cellular tower is as Model-7. chosen by its capacity, signal power of sending data 131 VEHITS 2016 - International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems 2.3 Next Generation Emergency Call Architectures of Current “Emergency Calls EROs Handling” System (Italy) “Emergency Calls EROs Handling PSAP” model was explained in Figure-2 with Model-1 in which its infrastructure does not include any PSAP service externally due to the fact that one of Rescue Service is working as PSAP. According to Model-1 infrastructure property, 33 Architecture types in Table-1 can be filtered. After the variant filtration, 12 architectures can be applied to Italy which has the “Emergency Calls EROs Handling PSAP” model. The optimal 6 of 12 architectures via cost models are analyzed and decided with the simulation, which is shown in Figure-3. The details of simulation study Figure 2: EENA Current Emergency Call Architectures. are explained in Part-3. 2.2 Next Generation Emergency Call Architectures After eCall legislation of the vehicles, EU-2015/758; emergency call structures need to be adapted or modified into the systems in Figure-2. New Emergency call cases are analyzed with respect to eCall receiving’s. New system receiving-types are listed below: . Type-1: 112 PSAP Receiving’s (Current Status- in Figure-2) . Type-2: 112 PSAP and Manual/Automatic ECall PSAP Receiving’s . Type-3: All PSAPs (112 PSAP, Manual eCall PSAP and Auto Ecall PSAP) Receiving’s Types are combined with current models in Table-1. Table 1: Number of New ECall System Architectures. Model/Type Type-1 Type-2 Type-3 Figure 3: Possible New ECall System Architectures for Model-1 1 0 0 “Emergency Calls EROs Handling PSAP” Model.
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