LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ACFM – Advisory Committee on Fisheries Management AGAC – Atlantic Groundfish Advisory Committee CAFSAC – Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Scientific Advisory Committee CHP – Conservation Harvesting Plan DFO – Department of Fisheries and Oceans DMP – Dockside Monitoring Program EEZ – EFZ – Exclusive Fishing Zone EI – Employment Insurance EU – FFAW/CAW – Fish, Food and Allied Workers/Canadian Auto Workers FPI – Fishery Products International FPU – Fishermen’s Protective Union FRAM – Fishery Restructuring and Adjustment Measures FRC - Fish Harvesters’ Resource Centre FRCC – Fisheries Resource Conservation Council HRDC – Human Resources Development ICES – International Council for the Exploration of the Sea IMR – Institute of Marine Research IQ - Individual quota ITQ - Individual Transferable Quota MP – Member of Parliament NAFO - Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization NCARP – Northern Cod Adjustment and Recovery Program NCSP – Northern Cod Science Program NFFAWU – Newfoundland Fishermen, Food and Allied Workers Union NFU – Northern Fishermen’s Union RDG – Regional Director General SPAC – Small Pelagics Advisory Committee TAC – Total Allowable Catch TAGS – The Atlantic Groundfish Strategy UI – Unemployment Insurance UN – REFERENCES

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REFERENCES 229

LIST OF INFORMANTS

Government and Unions A200: Staff Representative, FFAW/CAW central administration A201: Inshore Vice President FFAW/CAW A202: Member of Inshore Council FFAW/CAW B100: Head of Resource Division, Norwegian Fishermen’s Association B101: Representative of administration, Nordvestland County Fishermen’s Association B110: Representative of central administration, Norwegian Fishermen’s Association B111: Official, Norwegian Department of Fisheries B112: Official, Norwegian Department of Fisheries B113: Official, Norwegian Department of Fisheries B114: Chief of Fisheries, Directorate of Fisheries, Nordvestland County B115: Head of Control Service, Directorate of Fisheries, Nordvestland County B116: Official, Control Service, Directorate of Fisheries, Nordvestland County B117: Official, local office of Directorate of Fisheries, Uerhavn area. B120: Personal ad hoc communication with various people in the Directorate of Fisheries. C100: Fisheries Resource Conservation Council (FRCC) member C101: Representative of Fish Harvesters’ Certification Board Newfoundland and Labrador, central administration. C102: Official, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada(DFO), Fisheries Management Branch C103: Area Manager Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada(DFO) C104: DFO scientist C105: DFO official C106: Representative of FFAW/CAW central administration C107: DFO scientist C108: DFO scientist C109: Representative of the Fisheries Resource Centre (FRC) C110: Representative of the Fisheries Resource Centre (FRC) C111: DFO official, Enforcement and Protection Branch C112: DFO official, Enforcement and Protection Branch C113: DFO official, Enforcement and Protection Branch C114: Official, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador

Fishers A1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area B1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area C1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area D1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area E1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area F1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area G1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbourarea H1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area I1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area J1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area K1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area L1: Non fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area M1: Non fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area N1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area O1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area P1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area Q1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area R1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area S1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area T1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area U1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area, representative of local fishermen’s committee 230 REGULATION AND COMPLIANCE IN THE ATLANTIC FISHERIES

V1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area W1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area X1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area Y1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area Z1: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area B2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area F2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area G2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area H2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area J2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area K2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area L2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area M2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area N2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area P2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area Q2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area T2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area U2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area V2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area W2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area X2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area Y2: Fisher, Little Spruce Harbour area Z2: Employee, fish plant administration B3: Uerhavn fisherman C3: Uerhavn fisherman D3: Uerhavn fisherman E3: Uerhavn fisherman F3: Uerhavn fisherman G3: Uerhavn fisherman I3: Uerhavn fisherman J3: Uerhavn fisherman K3: Uerhavn fisherman L3: Uerhavn fisherman M3: Uerhavn fisherman N3: Uerhavn fisherman O3: Uerhavn fisherman Q3: Uerhavn fisherman R3: Uerhavn fisherman S3: Uerhavn fisherman V3: Uerhavn fisherman W3: Uerhavn fisherman X3: Uerhavn fisherman Y3: Uerhavn fisherman, representative of local fishermen’s union Z3: Uerhavn fisherman B4: Uerhavn fisherman C4: Uerhavn fisherman D4: Uerhavn fisherman F4: Uerhavn fisherman

Other personal communication Pers. com. Norwegian Fishermen’s Association Pers. com. Directorate of Fisheries Pers. com. Nordvestland County Fishermen’s Association. Pers. com. Norges Råfisklag; Pers. com. Norges Sildesalgslag Observational data and informal communication during FRCC hearing, Observational data and informal communication during meeting in FFAW Inshore Council and advisory meetings on crab, capelin and lobster. REFERENCES 231

Observational data and informal communication during Norwegian Regulatory Council meeting.

INDEX

ACFM;177 Exchange of personnel between state and AGAC;182; 184 industry;180; 188 - 189; 199 Authority;3; 22 - 34; 48 - 55; 67; 126; 141; 154; Exclusion;31 - 32; 36 - 38; 41; 43; 70 - 74; 78; 156; 158; 183; 198; 204 - 213 85 - 86; 93; 131; 135 - 138; 143 - 144; 185; Autonomy of the state;178; 189 196 Basic Agreement;161; 173; 176 FANL;175 Breach of legitimacy;28; 55; 64; 68; 70; 76; 79 - FFAW/CAW;102; 104; 120; 175 - 176; 181 -200 80; 194 Fishermen’s Protective Union;171; 174 By-catch;43; 46; 49 - 52; 58 - 59; 64 - 69; 73 - Fishing Industry Collective Bargaining Act;175 - 76; 99 - 102; 123 - 124; 134; 154; 185 176 CAFSAC;181 - 184 Food;2; 7; 11; 14; 40; 62 - 63; 79; 82 - 83; 91; Capelin;56; 90; 94 - 106; 131; 135 - 140; 149 99; 103; 113; 117 - 118; 122 - 133; 138 -144; Certification;47; 89; 99; 100; 185 147 - 156; 165; 196 - 197; 203 Civil disobedience;45 Force majeure;62; 76; 133; 147 Cod;2 - 5; 27; 43 - 61; 74 - 84; 90 - 143; 149; FRAM;103 - 104; 132 154; 165; 167; 181 - 183; 186; 195 - 196; 211 FRCC;5; 101 - 104; 114 - 115; 119; 184 - 185; Cognitivst Model;13 189 Commerce;22; 37; 47; 49; 79; 82 - 86; 99; 102 - Free riding;69; 126; 131; 142; 144; 151; 194; 196 103; 114; 118; 122 - 148; 150 - 156; 174; 194; Gear conflict;43; 134 195 - 199 Genuineness of laws;38; 82 - 85; 195 Common good;113 - 114; 119; 125 - 127; 131 - Gossip;9; 36; 40 - 41; 44; 50; 59 - 62; 67 - 89; 96 134; 142; 144; 148; 151 - 156; 195 - 198; 203 - 97; 116; 122 - 124; 138 - 139; 153 - 154; Common pool resources;148; 197 158; 163; 220; 229 Competition;43 - 53; 58; 61 - 62; 69; 82 - 83; 96; Grand Bank;4 - 5; 105; 118 100; 105 - 106; 122; 131; 134; 140; 142; 166 Greed;11; 112; 114; 133; 148 - 152; 197 - 198; Compliance;2; 6; 9; 10; 13 - 38; 55 - 60; 83 - 86; 203 119; 126; 129 -133; 135; 140; 142 - 148; 193 - Groundfish;2 - 5; 16; 42 - 43; 46; 49; 58; 90; 94; 195; 201 - 213 98 - 99; 103 - 104; 107; 112; 132; 166 - 167; Conservation;5; 20 - 22; 48; 50 - 52; 54; 104; 181 - 185; 189 - 190; 200 111 - 112; 116; 125 - 126; 134; 141; 148; 182 Herring;3; 44 - 46; 49; 61; 70; 75; 77; 82; 94; 96 - 184; 189 - 190; 197; 200 - 98; 100; 106 - 107; 115; 117; 128; 149 Contamination;37; 138; 140 Household;2; 9; 14; 39; 78 - 79; 90 - 91; 96 - 98; Control service;51 - 52; 60 - 66; 74; 81 - 84; 128 123 - 133; 137; 139; 141 - 143; 148; 150 - Crab;6; 16; 90 - 104; 119; 123; 132; 141; 166; 152; 155; 160; 195 - 198; 202 175; 184 Human rights;65; 67; 69; 203 Crime. See non-compliance Hunting;22; 40; 44; 91; 112; 133 Crisis;4 - 5; 56; 68; 83; 103; 112; 119; 143; 149; ICES;53; 177; 182 166; 183 - 186; 202 ICNAF;4 - 5 Delivering big hundred;52; 62 Identity;10 - 11; 17; 23; 30 - 37; 41; 44; 47; 66; Deterrence;16; 18; 36 - 37; 83; 127; 140 - 144; 70 - 71; 83; 86; 100; 107; 121 - 122; 127; 136; 211 139; 143 - 144; 151; 156 - 172; 181; 190 - DFO;5; 89; 99 - 104; 108; 112 - 122; 129; 134; 191; 199; 201; 203 139; 166; 176; 181 - 189 Income support;8; 39; 90 - 91; 98; 103; 109; 111 Directorate of Fisheries;48; 50; 176; 179 Informal communication. See lobbying Disembedding knowledge;56 - 57; 116 Ingroup governance;39; 70; 93; 97; 156; 165; Dumping;44; 48 - 49; 106; 136 178 - 179; 195; 204; 216; 221; 225; 227 Enforcement;15 - 16; 20 - 21; 27 - 29; 38; 48 - Knowledge;1; 4; 6 - 8; 19; 32; 38; 44; 46; 54 - 50; 59; 62; 68; 77 - 86; 101 - 102; 126 - 129; 56; 69; 86; 94; 110; 112; 115 - 116; 137; 151; 133 - 134; 138 - 143; 153; 156; 176; 181; 195 163; 180; 183; 193; 203 - 196; 201 - 203; 210 Law;8; 10 - 11; 15 - 18; 21 - 30; 33 - 38; 42; 49; Exchange;2; 30 - 32; 40 - 41; 44; 70; 119; 128; 55 - 70; 74; 76; 78; 80 - 87; 101; 119; 124 - 137; 148 - 153; 179 - 180; 188; 197 - 199; 133; 141 - 144; 147; 148; 153 - 158; 164; 173; 205; 209 - 213 190 - 207; 211 234 REGULATION AND COMPLIANCE IN THE ATLANTIC FISHERIES

Legitimacy of law;10 - 11; 14 - 38; 53 - 70; 76 - Pseudo-legitimacy;27 - 28; 119; 126; 131; 134; 86; 119; 122; 126; 129 - 134; 140 - 148; 153 - 140 - 144; 148; 153 - 156; 195 - 196; 200 - 158; 164; 167; 172; 179; 190 - 191; 194 - 213 201; 211 Licensing;6; 16; 48; 53; 77; 89 - 90; 96; 98 - 104; Public moralising. See gossip 109; 141; 160; 185 Punishment. See sanctions Lobbying;179; 188 Purchase slips;25; 50 - 52; 59 - 61; 73 - 76; 101; Lobster;15 - 16; 26 - 27; 78 - 79; 82; 91; 94; 96; 198 98; 100 - 101; 104 -106; 126; 130; 132; 138; Quotas;3 - 6; 15; 19; 41; 44; 48 - 53; 56 - 60; 63; 184 71 - 74; 81; 98 - 106; 111; 114; 119; 130; 134; Lofoten;43; 46; 48 - 49; 60 - 62; 82 - 84 140 - 141; 177 - 178; 184 - 186 Logbooks;50 - 51; 61; 66; 80 - 81; 101 Rationality;10; 13 - 17; 20; 22; 26; 30 - 37; 50; Loyalty;44; 57; 62 - 69; 76; 83 - 86; 129; 131; 54 - 58; 70; 74; 83 - 86; 97; 110; 117; 125; 142 - 143; 168 - 169; 194 - 197; 210 143 - 150; 160; 183 - 184; 189; 193 - 197; Management;1 - 5; 9 - 10; 14; 20 - 23; 28; 35; 201; 205 - 213 57; 83 - 84; 92; 99 - 104; 111; 117 - 122; 126; Raw Fish Act;160; 173; 175 - 176 130; 143 - 144; 157 - 158; 171 - 173; 176; 179 Reciprocity;44 - 45; 209 - 212 - 200; 204; 210 Recruitment;42; 51 - 52; 109 Management plans;5; 99; 176; 188 Redfish;43 - 46; 49; 73; 75 Ministry of Fisheries;48; 60; 176 - 179; 190; 199 Regulation;2 - 3; 23 - 28; 35; 45; 48 - 57; 65; 69 - Mobility;41 - 46; 77; 93; 98; 103 77; 83 - 86; 99 - 100; 104 - 105; 112; 119; 126 Moderation;147 - 148 - 127; 130 - 134; 140 - 144; 153 - 154; 157; Modernisation;3; 159 - 168; 200 167; 174; 178; 194 - 198; 201 - 203; 211 Money;2; 11; 17; 40; 74 - 75; 78 - 79; 91; 104; Regulatory Council;174; 177 - 179; 184; 199 106 - 109; 112; 114; 118; 122 - 133; 138 -143; Right to secure a satisfactory life;62 - 79; 83; 86; 147 - 156; 163; 170; 197 - 198; 203; 207 129; 131 - 133; 143; 147; 154 - 155; 194 - Monitoring;50 - 51; 71; 100 - 101; 141; 185 197; 201 Moral axioms;25 Rumours. See gossip Moral grey zone;68; 70; 76 - 78; 85; 127; 132; Saithe;4; 43 - 49; 53 - 54; 58 - 83 154 - 155; 194; 198; 201 - 203 Salient norms;25 Moral spheres of economic activity;152 - 156; Salmon;45; 56; 66; 79; 82; 120; 139 198; 201 Sanctions;9; 13; 15 - 18; 23 - 24; 27; 30 - 38; 43 - Morality;7; 9; 11; 15 - 19; 23 - 41; 52 - 55; 59 - 45; 51; 61; 68 - 73; 76 - 86; 94; 102; 125; 127; 86; 93; 107; 110; 114; 118 - 119; 123 - 134; 137; 140 - 144; 154 - 155; 193 - 198; 201 - 137; 140 - 157; 170 - 171; 193 - 213 202; 206; 210 - 212 Moratorium;4 - 5; 27; 90 - 91; 94 - 98; 101 - 114; Science;3 - 7; 45; 54 - 57; 86; 102; 104; 111 - 117; 119; 122; 125 - 129; 134; 140 - 143; 149; 117; 130; 143; 177; 180 - 185; 189; 195 - 196; 151; 181; 183; 185; 195 - 196; 211 208 NAFO;2; 5; 176; 181 Sea-Water Fisheries Act;177 Nationalism;161 - 168; 199 - 200 Secrecy;43; 73 - 74; 86; 92; 140 Neoclassical economics;1; 10; 14 - 15; 193; 205; Self-defence;68 - 69 213 Self-esteem;32 - 37; 70; 156 Non-compliance;3; 6; 9 - 10; 15 - 24; 27 - 37; 43; Sentinel surveys;102; 183; 189 50 - 52; 57 - 87; 101 - 102; 118; 122 - 145; Social control;16 - 20; 32 - 44; 83; 85; 93; 129; 147; 151 - 154; 193 - 198; 201 - 203; 207; 212 135; 145; 150 - 153; 193 - 194; 197 - 198; 201 Norms;10; 13 - 38; 41 - 53; 59 - 87; 94; 96; 119; Social transparency;2; 16; 41; 59; 86; 92; 203 123 - 134; 137 - 144; 149 - 155; 193 - 198; Squid;94 - 98; 101; 110; 118; 137; 149 201 - 213 Strangers;150 - 153; 197 - 198; 203 Northern cod;2 - 5; 102 - 104; 112; 115; 122; Subsistence;2; 14; 22; 91; 107; 114; 133; 147 - 134; 140; 181; 183; 195 156; 160; 165 - 166; 194 - 198 Norwegian arctic cod;3 Superior norms;25 Norwegian Fishermen’s Association;56; 86; 160 Surveillance;17; 41; 63; 81 - 84; 100 - 102; 134; - 161; 172 - 181; 185; 188 - 200 139; 141; 147 Poaching;22; 35; 37; 102; 114; 122 - 155; 196; Symbolic validation of law;37; 82 198 TAGS;90; 98; 103 - 110; 114 - 115; 122 - 123; Political trust;10; 35; 157; 162 - 164; 167; 170; 127 - 128; 131 - 132; 149; 196 172; 180; 191; 199; 200 Tenure;43; 93 - 94 Profit-maximising;70; 74; 76; 78 Tragedy of the Commons;14; 20 - 21 Truck system;165; 174 INDEX 235

Trust;32; 35; 138; 162; 165; 170 Utilitarian version of rationality;13; 144 Unemployment;39; 108; 111; 159; 166 - 167; Violence;51 176 Voting;186 - 187; 200 Unemployment insurance;39; 90; 97 - 98; 103 - Women;40; 89; 91; 96 - 97; 109 104; 108 - 109; 176 Work ethic;107 - 108; 110; 115