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Study Guide (SPECPOL) GA-4: SPECIAL POLITICAL & DECOLONIZATION COMMITTEE Study Guide OUTLINE Welcome Letter from the USG Introduction to the Committee Definition of Key Words and Abbreviations 1. AGENDA ITEM A: Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial CountriesBUILDER and Peoples AND DESTROYER OF THE UNION: “ANTAGONISM” 1.1. Introduction to the Agenda Item 1.2. Background 1.3. Introduction to the Present Subjects of the Issue 1.3.1. Colonialism 1.3.2. Neocolonialism 1.3.3. Development 1.4. North America 1.4.1. Bermuda 1.4.2. The British Virgin Islands 1.4.3. United States Virgin Islands 1.4.4. Turks and Caicos 1.5. South America 1.5.1. Falkland Islands CONFERENCE 2020 1.5.2. Anguilla 1.6. Oceania 1.6.1. French Polynesia 1.6.2. New Caledonia 1.7. Africa: Western Sahara 1.8. Europe: Gibraltar 2. Important Matters for the Member States of the UN 3. The Questions Resolution Should Cover 4. Agenda Item B: Discussing and Determining the Status of Private Military Companies (PMC) in the Contemporary World 4.1. Introduction to the Agenda Item 4.1.1. Explanation of PMCs 4.1.2. Services of PMC 4.2. Background 4.3. Controversy of PMCs BUILDER AND DESTROYER OF THE UNION: 4.3.1. The Legitimisation“ANTAGONISM” of the Usage Force 4.3.2. Violation of Human Rights 4.3.3. The Harm of State Sovereignty 4.4. Present Private Military Companies: Major Parties Involved 4.5. Points to be Addressed 5. Further Reading 6. Bibliography CONFERENCE 2020 Welcome Letter from the USG Most Esteemed Participants, I sincerely welcome you all to the fifth edition of Kartal Anadolu Imam Hatip Lisesi Model United Nations Conference. My name is Asude Serra Yıldırım, I am a junior from Cağaloğlu Anadolu Lisesi and I will be serving as the Under Secretary-General responsible from the Special Political and Decolonisation Committee. BUILDER AND DESTROYER OF THE UNION: This document has been prepared“ANTAGONISM” to acquaint the issues that you will be discussing during the upcoming four days. It is expected from you, to make very detailed research in the preparation period, especially based on your representative countries - considering this document does not comprise any political aspect of member countries. I would like to show my gratitude to the Secretary-General Dilara Koç and the Deputy Secretary-General Emir Yılmaz for giving me the chance to be the Under Secretary-General of this committee and being there in every circumstance that we struggle with. I would also like to thank my dearest academic assistant Sude Albayrak for her magnificent efforts on this document because I would not think of a better associate to fit in. Not to neglect, thanks to our academic member, Bilge Bostanbaşı, whose ambition excites me. I wish you, attendants of KAIHLMUN'20, the best of everything and I wish you will have the greatest of experiences throughout the conference. Should you have any questions or concerns, you can contact me via [email protected] Yours Sincerely, CONFERENCE 2020 Asude Serra YILDIRIM Introduction to the Committee Special Political and Decolonisation Committee is the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly of the United Nations. It was created in the consequence of World War II in order to deal with non-independent regions under the surveillance of the UN. Formally, SPECPOL is consolidation among the seventh “Special Political Committee” with the Fourth Committee. As its name implies, the committee deals with a variety of issues ranging from decolonisation to refugees and to outer space. The mandate of the SPECPOL committee can be found in ArticleBUILDER 73 of the UNAND Charter DESTROYER which states: “Members OF THE of UNION: the United Nations which have or assume responsibilities for the administration of people who have not yet attained a full measure of self-government,“ANTAGONISM” recognise the principle that the interest of these territories is paramount”. Nowadays, most colonies are independent UN nations. However, SPECPOL continues to act on its decolonisation command and to facilitate negotiations on the 17 recognised “non- self-governing territories” by the UN. SPECPOL also holds discussions on a range of topics that used to matter other committees of the General Assembly. This committee meets annually in October and sends its declarations to the General Assembly Plenary in order to be adopted authoritatively. In KAIHLMUN 2020, we will be simulating the discussions on two very intriguing topics diplomats hold at SPECPOL meetings, in order to advance each nation’s interests. It is important to remember that SPECPOL decisions are non-binding and the main purpose of the committee is to recommend possible actions that could promote a positive outcome. Since international political issues are central to the committee, it is important to keep in mind and respect national sovereignty. CONFERENCE 2020 Definitions of Key Words and Abbreviations Colonialism: The belief in and support for the system of one country controlling another. Decolonisation: The process in which a country that was previously a colony (controlled by another country) becomes politically independent. Neocolonialism: Political control by a rich country of a poorer country that should be independent and free to govern itself. Independence: Freedom from being governed or ruled by another country. Territory: An area of land, or sometimes sea, that is considered as belonging to or connected with a particular country. Military: Relating to or belonging to the armed forces. Integrate: To mixBUILDER with and join AND a society DESTROYER or a group of people OF THE, often UNION:changing to suit their way of life, habits, and customs. “ANTAGONISM” Referendum: A vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question. Sovereignty: The power of a country to control its own government. Slavery: The activity of legally owning other people who are forced to work for or obey. Inhabitant: A person living in a particular place. Settlement: A place where people come to live or the process of settling in such a place. Trafficking: The act of buying or selling goods or people illegally. Garrison: A group of soldiers living in or defending a town or building, or the buildings that the soldiers live in. CONFERENCE 2020 Annexation: A possession that is taken of a piece of land or a country, usually by force or without permission. Nomadic: Moving from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time. Mercenary: A soldier who fights for any country or group that pays them. NSGT (Non-Self-Governing Territories): Territories whose people have not yet attained a full measure of self-government. GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year. USVI (United States Virgin Islands): A group of Caribbean islands and an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Monopoly: Exclusive ownership through legal privilege, command of supply, or concerted action. BUILDER AND DESTROYER OF THE UNION: PMSC (Private Military and Security“ANTAGONISM” Companies): Private companies providing armed combat or security services for financial gain. USS Cole bombing: An act of terrorism against USS Cole, a guided-missile destroyer of the United States Navy, on 12 October 2000, while she was being refuelled in Yemen's Aden harbour. 1. AGENDA ITEM A: Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 1.1. Introduction to the Agenda Item Being ruled by a nation or a group is described as the colonist or the imperial power, while the nation comprising defeated becomes the colony. This domination competition that colonial nations utilise to exploit other nations for their personal profit, impose their culture, religion and education, use their resources; even physically settle there is colonisation. CONFERENCE 2020 After countless wars fought between colonists and colonies, a wave of decolonisation swept across the planet in the 20th century, liberating the majority of nations from colonial rule and establishing their independent status. There was a political revolution later the establishment of the United Nations in 1945, safeguarded the territories of all nations and maintained international peace. Nevertheless, there are still 16 territories that are under the colonial rule of the United Kingdom, the United States of America and France. These relations are known as ‘‘Residual Colonialism’’. These regions have not succeeded self- government yet and are labelled as Non-Self-Governing Territories that together account for 2 million people under colonial rule. The territories include Western Sahara, the Falkland Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the United States Virgin Islands, Gibraltar, French Polynesia, Guam and others. 1.2. Background At the United Nations SPECPOL, decolonisation is a composite of two committees, one of which was the decolonisation committee which, unsurprisingly, was involved with matters encouraging, aiding and hastening decolonisation throughout the world. That purpose and mandate have led forward into the current SPECPOL, whose work is closely connected with seeking to overcome colonialism. The problem of decolonisation is crucial and central to the work of SPECPOL not only because of the aims of these committees but further from the broader perspectiveBUILDER of the United AND Nations. DESTROYER The UN Charter OF adopts THE the UNION: principles of equality, independence and the right to self-determination. “ANTAGONISM” The declaration made by the General Assembly in 1960 was brilliant not only for recognising and affirming these underlying principles but also for recognising that colonialism occurred in many different displays. Accordingly, it “Solemnly proclaims the necessity of bringing to speedy and unconditional end colonialism in all its forms and manifestations.” 1.3.
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