A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF ADVENTIST CHAPLAINCY MINISTRIES

ISSUE 2 2014

Showing Compassion

PERSPECTIVE COMPASSION By Larry A. Roth, B.D. CORE INGREDIENT IN ALL Assistant Director, Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries CHAPLAINCY MINISTRIES Central and Northwest United States

n every type of military personnel, inmates in prison chaplaincy ministry, and the many others in their own world Ifrom health care, have very different problems, but they corrections, campus are all human stories of despair. Of to the military, and course it isn’t only chaplains who hear many forms of local these stories. All personnel in these law enforcement, fire, institutions where people come for airport, and others, all institutions help, nurses, doctors, police, wardens, seek chaplains with the highest levels teachers, counselors, social workers, of compassion. and even parents, all hear troubling Compassion is more complex in stories, and are moved to provide help. definition than one at first expects. They all need compassion. And that is One dictionary defines compassion why the Greater Good Science Center as “a feeling of deep sympathy and and their team of researchers and sorrow for another who is stricken by educators have formed their center. misfortune, accompanied by a strong They are seeking and providing ways desire to alleviate the suffering.” for a wide group of professionals to The founders at the Greater Good better understand themselves and Science Center, UC Berkeley, say expand their capacities for compassion. that compassion simply means, “to Many if not most of the institutions suffer together.” This includes more we have mentioned have learned that than merely feeling sorry together, chaplains are the ones they call on but being committed to finding a to hear these deepest expressions of solution together. the heart in the setting of complete Certainly the stories of pain, confidentiality. I believe the chaplain is depression, and hopelessness vary a expected to have the highest level and great deal depending on the setting be most sensitized with compassion where we serve. Students on campus, and determination to seek resolution. CONTENTS 2 I Perspective COMMUNITY FEATURE ARTICLES 18 I Hope Underground CORRECTIONS 4 I Who Cares? 22 I Behind and Beyond the Walls of 8 I Discipline with Dignity Serowe Prison 12 I It Happens, Even to the Best of Us 27 I ACM World

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My chaplain ministry was dedicated your home exercise equipment, slow to serving those in the U.S. Navy. At breathing, and meditation techniques. times there were personnel whose For a chaplain the key source of lives were placed in my hands. So dark help in this compassion business is the story and serious the situation, God. In fact, through prayer God is they were ordered to report to the also the key to our offering any level chaplain every morning. Every of hope and resolution to the seeming chaplain can tell their own story of impossible situations our clients face. times when people’s lives were in Second Corinthians 1:3-7 speaks of their hands. Over time, with repeated God as the “Father of compassion” loads of heavy cases, as you share the and the “God of all comfort, who burdens of others, you soon realize comforts us in all our troubles, you also can become burned out. so that we can comfort those in Reflect on this as you read the article any trouble with the comfort we on compassion fatigue in this issue. ourselves received from God.” For There is hope for caregivers. Christians, Jesus embodies the very New cutting-edge research and new essence of compassion and relational educational programs are offered. care. As chaplains we often work in More emphasis is placed on staff tandem with clergy of many other members forming self-care teams. denominations. I am impressed how Often it is the chaplain being called on Wikipedia draws from many religious to initiate creative ways to care for the groups’ lessons on compassion. In staff. So who does the chaplain turn fact the six pages in this article, with to for his/her self-care? Mentors are its 70 references, and 23 external critical for young or new chaplains, links, there is enough material for colleagues, other professionals, trusted rich discussion in any group of friends, often a spouse, or your pastor chaplains you may have at your may provide someone you can turn institution. May you have compassion to. This is also where physical release and may you maintain your own is necessary to the tension that builds well-being and lend help to fellow up–running, walking, fishing, all chaplains. Enjoy this special issue.

of Dedic rs ate ea d Y M ty in ir is t h r T y - -

5 2 8 0 IT'S COMING 9 1 1 5

J u 5 n 1 e 0 2 , 2 9 - July 1 2015ADVENTIST CHAPLAINS WORLD CONGRESS San Antonio, Texas For more information, visit www.gc.adventistchaplains.org 3 Who Cares?

By Howard Fish and Roberta Fish, M.S. LCSW

Editor's Note: This article was co-written by Howard and Roberta Fish. Designations within the article (HLF) and (RMF) refer to them respectively.

ompassion is a touchstone word brain that turn on when people in chaplaincy. More than any receive rewards or experience Cother, this word encapsulates pleasure. Helping others brings the meaning of being a chaplain. the same pleasure we get from the Compassion, a form of love, is gratification of personal desire.1 awakened within us when we are Then there’s oxytocin, a hormone confronted with those who are hurt in the bloodstream. Research indicates and vulnerable. It produces a desire to that oxytocin promotes long-term take action to relieve the suffering. bonds and commitments, as well According to research, this as the kind of nurturing behavior compassion response is embedded that lies at the heart of compassion. in our physiology. Among the many Dacher Keltner, the author of The studies on this topic, here are two Compassionate Instinct says, “When remarkable findings. people perform behaviors associated Emory University neuroscientists with compassionate love—warm James Rilling and Gregory Berns used smiles, friendly hand gestures, functional MRIs to determine which affirmative forward leans—their part of the brain was triggered when bodies produce more oxytocin. This participants were given the chance to suggests that being compassionate help someone. Compassion triggered causes a chemical reaction in the activity in the caudate nucleus and body that motivates us to be even anterior cingulate, portions of the more compassionate.”2

4 It would make sense that a God of love would create in our very being the delight and joy of compassion.

It would make sense that a God of compassion becomes depleting for the love would create in our very being chaplain? Hearing and seeing serious the delight and joy of compassion. In human suffering day in and day out; the Old Testament, God’s compassion year after year can have its effects. is freely and tenderly given like a This is especially true when the mother’s (Isaiah 49:15) or father’s chaplain has a personal crisis. (Hosea 11:8) compassion for a child. During my (HLF) time as chaplain Jesus embodies divine compassion at Glen Oaks Medical Center, a crisis in the New Testament. He has sent me into what, in retrospect, I compassion for the sickly throngs would call compassion fatigue. A (Matthew 14:14), the hungry souls very dear friend was ill with cancer. (Mark 8:2), the destitute multitudes She had a wonderful husband and (Matthew 9:36), and the blind three young children. She was an (Matthew 20:34). amazing nurse and had much to live When chaplains are asked why for. I ministered to her through her they entered the profession, most hospitalizations and treatments. We respond “to answer God’s call” anointed her and prayed earnestly for followed by “to help others” and her physical healing. I was convinced “to make a difference.” Compassion that God would heal her. That is not is essential to effective chaplaincy. what happened. She died. Even though chaplains deal with a great deal of suffering, they are quite resilient. Studies show the vast majority of chaplains are doing remarkably well in their attempts to deal with primary traumatic stress (PTS – stress that results from trauma that is immediately experienced or witnessed), secondary traumatic stress (STD - the emotional duress that results when an individual hears about the first hand trauma experiences of another), and other personal/ professional stress.3 But, what happens when

5 I have attended many dying . Have I experienced a lot of those people and grieving families over cases or situations recently? the years and navigated the process with resilience. This was different. I . Am I losing compassion for some was a mess. I was irritable and angry people, but becoming overly with God. I felt fatigue and poor involved with others? (This is concentration. I was walking into a key question when assessing walls. I was withdrawn and not able compassion fatigue.) to be present with patients. I knew I . Is my ability to function altered? needed some time. I took a few days off and visited my mechanic friend . Am I obsessing about a case in Rockford. Most of the day, I was or situation? in the shop alone. I had some long talks, even rants with God. I regained . Am I easily frustrated or irritated? perspective and was able to return to work. I continued to grieve and was . Am I working harder but able to reach out to others for support. accomplishing less? Much has been written, starting in In addition, you will find the early 1990’s, about compassion an assessment called Proquol fatigue. It is not pathological, but a (Professional Quality of Life) natural response that can happen to measuring compassion fatigue and anyone who is helping or desiring to compassion satisfaction at the help persons suffering trauma or pain. proquol.org website.4 It manifests in emotional, physical, Balance is next in the ABC’s social, and/or spiritual exhaustion. of prevention and recovery. The Compassion fatigue occurs on a balance of self-care vs. other-care is a spectrum. When it is ignored the continual push/pull for the chaplain. downward spiral is severe and it may Start a self-care idea collection. take a long time to recover. When Ask your colleagues and friends recognized quickly, recovery can for their strategies. Once you get happen swiftly. a substantial list, choose three and The first line of defense in the ABC’s make a commitment to implement of prevention and quick recovery is them.5 One strategy I (RMF) used Awareness. We must see our true while a campus chaplain at Adventist condition. Ongoing assessment is University of Health Science was to necessary for prevention and/or speedy sit outside, breathe deeply, and take recovery. Ask God to inform you as in God’s nature. Often I only had five you consider your state of compassion. minutes. It’s amazing how much peace Here are some questions you may can come in such a short time. think and journal about: The eight natural remedies – fresh air, sunlight, rest, exercise, good . What types of cases contribute to nutrition, water, abstaining from that my stress level? which is hurtful, and trust in God – are all important parts of self-care for . What events or situations cause the chaplain.16 Exercise is considered me to experience an unusually the number one health care practice, strong reaction? which gives the most benefits. Are you

6 The balance of self-care vs. other- care is a continual push/pull for the chaplain.

exercising? Think of three little ways to increase your exercise. I (HLF) rode my bike to work each day, 13 miles round trip, for about eight years. It was a significant part of my mental and physical health. These self-care habits require time for ourselves to care for the body temple God has entrusted to us. For the ABC’s of prevention and foundation of a balanced connected life recovery, Connection is the last as a chaplain. Blessings on your journey. piece of the puzzle. After my (HLF) experience with compassion fatigue, I 1. Emory University Health Sciences Center. “Emory created what I call an “accountability Brain Imaging Studies Reveal Biological Basis for Human group.” Over the years, both in Cooperation.” Science Daily. 18 July 2002. Illinois and Florida, it has consisted 2. Keltner, Dacher, Jeremy Adam Smith, Jason of three to five fellow clergy meeting Marsh. The Compassionate Instinct. NY: WW. Norton & Company, 2010, p. 10. once a week. We share our journey, 3. speak of our dreams and failures, and Druger, Tyler Lee. “Keys to Resilient Practice in Contemporary Chaplaincy.” Lancaster Theological ask to be held accountable to goals Seminary, 2010, p. 2. Can be retrieved at: gradworks. of self-care and professional growth. umi.com/3416822.pdf This, besides my devotional time, has 4. http://www.proqol.org/ProQol_Test.html been the most valuable buffer against 5. http://www.compassionfatigue.org/pages/ compassion fatigue. Top12SelfCareTips.pdf Protecting yourself against 6. White, Ellen. The Ministry of Healing. Mountain compassion fatigue and maintaining View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Association, 1942, compassion satisfaction are the p. 127.

7 haplains involved in Christian education see students as image bearers of God. How does Cthis belief inform the disciplinary process on a Christian campus when a student has been found guilty of misconduct? How do compassion, trust, and repentance enter center stage, rather than payback, fear, and consequences? Many studies have been conducted on various methods of disciplinary actions in education systems. One model outperforming all others in research results is called “restorative justice.” Dr. Albert Boerema, in the Christian Educators Journal states, “As Christian schools continue to explore means for having a larger impact on how their students live, the idea of restorative justice is moving into greater prominence.”1 Restorative justice views misconduct/crime, not as a violation of the law, per se. It is a violation against people and relationships. God has placed great value on relationships, giving us the ability to know Him and to know each other. We also have the capacity to hurt each other. Restorative discipline, rather than a response to breaking a rule, needs to be seen as a response to the hurts of damaged relationship(s) in the community. It is not about letting people off the hook. In fact, the standard of dealing with the transgression is raised. “Offender accountability is central, but By Roberta Fish, M.S., LCSW balanced with a concern for reintegration – which Former campus chaplain and Associate is defined by an offender’s ability to regain trust Professor of Religion, Adventist 2 University of Health Science through demonstrated good citizenship.

8 There is a time for suspension, of course, but it should be limited to two A central piece situations. First, if a student poses a of restorative threat to campus safety, they should be removed. Second, if a student discipline is the denies wrongdoing and/or refuses to participate in the restoration/ apology. It is an disciplinary process, they will need to be removed. expression of As Chair of the Disciplinary Committee at Adventist University remorse and the of Health Sciences (ADU) for seven years, these two situations were willingness to take vital in deciding whether a student responsibility for a could be restored to the campus or needed to leave the community. transgression. Any type of violence or threat of violence was taken seriously. This was the time when law enforcement, A contract is made with the student depending on the situation, became including these factors. involved. Also, students who were A central piece of restorative belligerent or entrenched in their discipline is the apology. It is an denial of guilt, even with quite strong expression of remorse and the evidence to the contrary, were not willingness to take responsibility for workable. Acknowledgement of the a transgression. In a recent cheating transgression was the first and primary violation at Colorado State, the step to restorative discipline and there biology professor asked the two had to be at least a hint of remorse. students to share their story/apology Healing the harm done, promoting with the class the following semester.4 accountability and personal Standing in front of 400 students responsibility, earning trust, and acknowledging your wrongdoing is building community are the focus of formidable and powerful. restorative discipline. In order to define The question might be asked, these components further, there are “Is this about public shame for three core questions that need to be the offender?” Sujatha Baliga, a asked. 1) What was the harm? 2) What restorative justice facilitator at the needs to happen to make things right? National Council on Crime and 3) What can be done to rebuild trust? Delinquency, says, “I’m not a fan The very clear message to of the word ‘shame,’ I think it’s offenders is, “You have done not about this feeling of personal wrong, and we can agree on this by humiliation – I think shame can be identifying clearly the damage done very narcissistic. I’m more interested to victims and the campus community. in words like ‘regret,’ and ‘remorse,’ We will now give you the opportunity and a true understanding of the to take responsibility for what you impact on one’s behavior.5 have done by repairing that harm as An apology has several best you can and demonstrating to components whether it is given us your ability to be a good citizen.3 publically or in a letter.

9 1. What happened – description The harm and its cost detailing the harm showing the offender understands the hurtful are clearly identified results of the behavior. and the offender 2. Their role – an acknowledge- ment that they were responsible learns why the for the offense. behavior is morally 3. Their feelings – an expression of remorse or regret in causing harm. unacceptable. 4. What they won’t do – a declaration of commitment to responsible behavior in the future. that the behavior is acceptable, “if you can afford it.”6 Restitution, on the 5. What they will do – a declaration other hand, is about making amends. of commitment to make amends for The harm and its cost are clearly the harm done. identified and the offender learns why A second major element in the behavior is morally unacceptable. restorative discipline is restitution. Restitution is monetary payment or This must be thought through labor that pays for financial losses carefully. For instance, compare fines specific to the misconduct. to restitution. Fines are imposed as a A student came before the punishment to deter the misbehavior disciplinary committee at ADU having of students and generate revenue. been dishonest in their record of time They are punitive sanctions. The worked in a campus department. This fine usually has no connection with student was a straight A student in the violation. Fines create moral their senior year. There were personal ambiguity. “If misbehavior is fined, the financial stresses involved. The student message of moral disapproval is easily briefly denied the allegations and then obscured. Instead, we communicate acknowledged them with deep remorse

10 and a desire to make it right. They violation. Community service sanctions were asked to give 1½ times as many can be endlessly creative as they volunteer hours to the department as reinforce social norms to the student they as been dishonest about. They and the campus. were asked to leave school for a term Does the concept of restorative and find an approved community discipline (justice) meet the criteria service opportunity where they could for God’s methods in dealing with educate children to be good citizens. transgression? Tim Grimsrude, in his If this was completed, they would be lecture, “Biblical Basis for Restorative readmitted to complete their last term. Justice,” says it well. “Justice in the This worked well and the student is Bible is restorative, through and grateful for the lessons learned. through. The Bible’s God is “just” As just mentioned, restitution can especially in that God seeks to also include community service. All bring about healing in relationships, community service, however, is not transform alienation into community, restorative. Restorative community restore offenders into God’s family, service should be related as closely and bless all the families of the earth.”7 as possible with the harm done. The student who damaged school property 1 Boerema, Albert. Christian Educators Journal. May 14, 2010. Retrieved 4/6/14 from http://www.cejonline. may work with the maintenance com/article/how-can-christian-educators-practice- department to fix it. If the damage restorative-justice/ could be fixed by students, the student 2 Karp, Daivd and Susanne Conrad. “Restorative Justice and College Student Misconduct.” Public may organize a “spring cleaning” event Organization Review: A Global Journal 5:2006, p. 315. to set the issue right. This would serve 3 Karp, p. 318. as a demonstration of making amends 4 Lipka, Sara. “With ‘Restorative Justice,’ Colleges Strive to Educate Student Offenders.” The Chronicle of and the event would promote school Higher Education. April 17, 2009. spirit and strengthen the community. 5 Belden, David. “Radical Compassion: Restorative Hate speech amends might mean a Justice Program Meets Needs of Both Victims and Perpetrators.” AlterNet, January 20, 2013. Retrieved student would work with a diversity 4/5/14 from http://www.alternet.org/radical- specialist to organize a campus event. compassion-restorative-justice-program-meets-needs- Bringing a speaker from MADD both-victims-and-perpetrators 6 Karp, p. 319. (Mothers against Drunk Driving) could 7 Grimsrude, Ted. “Biblical Bases for Restorative be planned by someone with an alcohol Justice.” Peace Theology. 12-1-08. Retrieved 4/5 from http://peacetheology.net/pacifism/ biblical-bases-for-restorative-justice/

11 It Happens, Even to the Best of Us by Michael Lombardo, D.Min., BCC Park Ridge Health, Director of Pastoral Care

haplains are called to be as well as other “giving” professions.3 compassionate caregivers, giving Sufferers of compassion fatigue can Ctheir time and attention to the exhibit several symptoms including hurting. Their mission is to help hopelessness, a decrease in experiences heal the wounds of others. But David of pleasure, constant stress and Hilfiker said, “All of us who attempt anxiety, sleeplessness or nightmares, to heal the wounds of others will and a pervasive negative attitude. ourselves be wounded.”1 The chaplain This can have detrimental effects on literally puts her/himself in harm’s way individuals, both professionally and when s/he has empathy and genuine personally, including a decrease in concern for persons in suffering. productivity, the inability to focus, and Inherent in a chaplain’s world is the the development of new feelings of almost unavoidable condition called incompetency and self-doubt. compassion fatigue! The most important ingredient Compassion Fatigue (CF) is a in helping someone who has gone condition characterized by a gradual through a crisis is to build therapeutic lessening of compassion over time. alliance. And the way to build this It is common among individuals that alliance is the client liking and work regularly in crisis situations. trusting his or her caregiver which Karl LaRowe described CF as “a happens as the caregiver utilizes empathy and compassion.4 But by debilitating weariness brought about by virtue of being truly empathetic repetitive, empathic response to pain and compassionate, caregivers set and suffering.” He said, “compassion themselves up for CF if they fatigue is a result of absorbing and are not intentional with their internalizing the emotions of clients 2 self-care. and, sometimes, coworkers.” “The compassion First diagnosed in nurses in the stress that occurs 1950’s, it has also been discovered in through the other giving professions, including repeated exposure social workers, doctors, disaster to the suffering response/relief workers, attorneys, of others military personnel, and charity workers,

12 Sufferers of compassion fatigue can exhibit several symptoms including hopelessness, a decrease in experiences of pleasure, constant stress and anxiety, sleeplessness or nightmares, and a pervasive negative attitude.

13 can have a cumulative effect if left United States Navy Chaplain untreated,”5 says Charles Figley, Paul Greer recently completed a a well-known psychologist and Doctor of Ministry thesis in which researcher in the area of traumatology. he discusses some of the factors that Compassion fatigue has been can bring about compassion fatigue described in various terms including and examines various interventions “secondary victimization,”6 “secondary that can help mitigate the effects. traumatic stress,”7 and “vicarious His dissertation, An Educational traumatization.”8 Methodology and Program for the Figley, who was instrumental in Mitigation of Compassion Fatigue getting the Post Traumatic Stress for Combat Deploying Chaplains, is Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis being a worthwhile read for chaplains included in the Diagnostic and regardless of one’s area of ministry. Statistical Manual (DSM), makes In his thesis, Greer reflects on the a case for CF being closely aligned cumulative residual effects of repeated with PTSD. He argues that it occurs exposure to suffering and stress, through vicarious traumatization coupled with the caregiver’s personal when the caregiver becomes stressors and life demands, and how it emotionally affected by the trauma of another. He says, “One can’t help but be affected through the cumulative and permanent build-up when vicariously and repeatedly experiencing the traumatization of others an ongoing basis.”9 The shared trauma that chaplains experience can create a parallel emotional experience called “emotional contagion.”10 This “emotional contagion” can alter one’s cognitive framework leading to disassociation with clients, professional withdrawal, and at the least, a partial emotional shutdown. All of this can ultimately bring about a dissolution of one’s ministry or caregiving practice.11

Like those they serve, a chaplain can begin to question the meaning of life or God’s purposes for loss and suffering.

14 can have a direct impact on the level level of social support, and spiritual of resiliency, making one especially life in general can contribute to the vulnerable to CF.12 resilience and level of CF experienced. CF symptoms may include Studies show that personalities that withdrawal, isolation, loneliness, are introverted, weak, and unassertive, decreased ability for intimacy, as well as intolerant, impatient, or mistrust, intolerance, and increased lacking self-confidence are prone to interpersonal conflicts. All of this burnout and CF.17 Personal needs such plays into low morale, task avoidance, as approval and affection, reward and lack of motivation, negativity, apathy, achievement, autonomy and control and poor work performance.13 are also indicators of personality CF doesn’t happen overnight. It traits that lend themselves to CF develops gradually. “Over time, your predisposition.18 ability to feel and care for others In a recent hospital study it was becomes eroded through overuse of shown that several personal attributes your skills of compassion.”14 In order place a person at risk for developing to preserve chaplains as caregivers, it compassion fatigue. Persons who were is important early on to identify the overly conscientious, perfectionists, symptoms and behaviors associated with and self-giving were more likely to CF and provide support and treatment. suffer from CF. Those who had low Behaviorally, CF can lead to levels of social support or high levels impatience, irritability, moodiness, of stress in their personal life were also forgetfulness, and becoming accident more likely to develop CF. In addition, prone. A person suffering CF may previous histories of trauma that led to withdraw from others and may exhibit negative coping skills, such as bottling poor self-care. The affected individual up or avoiding emotions, increase the may resort to substance abuse and risk for developing CF.19 other poor coping mechanisms.15 Organizational attributes can Chaplains are spiritual caregivers, contribute to the likelihood that CF “people of faith.” But they are still will occur among its workers. For human. They are not immune to example, it is common in hospitals, being shaken spiritually. Like those prison, and military venues to observe they serve, a chaplain can begin a “culture of silence” where stressful to question the meaning of life or events such as unexpected deaths are God’s purposes for loss and suffering. not freely discussed after the event. Chaplains can experience a loss This has been linked to compassion of purpose, self-satisfaction and fatigue. Lack of awareness of symptoms question their religious beliefs or even and poor training in the risks associated experience a loss of faith.16 with these high-stress jobs can also Obviously, there are many contribute to high rates of CF.20 factors that play into how a Then consider the competitive caregiver is affected by the vicarious nature of ministry in many settings. traumatization he/she experiences This can leave caregivers feeling during the course of his/her ministry. isolated and hesitant to reach out A chaplain’s personality, overall for help even if they perceive self- mental and physical health, previous indicators pointing to the onset of CF. loss experiences, philosophy and Since much of a chaplain’s work world view, cultural background, is “modeling,” what do we “model”

15 to our clients and fellow workers - such heavy sorrow and mental turmoil good self-care or “killing ourselves in Gethsemene.24 for the cause?” Our actions can speak It is far too common for caregivers, louder than our words no matter how to get so “close to the fire” when eloquent. And if we don’t take good trying to help someone that they get care of ourselves, we won’t be of much “burned.” The cumulative effect of use to those we are called to minister repeatedly being with individuals who to. The main remedy for compassion are going through crisis will invariably fatigue is self-care. Without good have an impact on one’s emotional, self-care, one may advance into physical, and spiritual reserves. We compassion fatigue simply because of can be most present with individuals the backlog of residual compassion- in crisis by being “close enough to the related stress. fire” to empathetically “feel the heat,” Ministers are known for getting and yet separate enough to not be caught up in the “Messiah Complex.” singed or need to flee. Carmen Berry talks about this in The answer to burnout is balance detail in her book, When Helping You and maintaining an emotional is Hurting Me: Escaping the Messiah “margin” in one’s life. Physicians Trap.21 We must remember that are encouraged to practice what we are not the Savior, we can only is known as “detached concern,” portray the Savior. And Jesus Himself representing a blend of closeness and had limitations. He took breaks and empathy while allowing for some encouraged His disciples to do the room for detachment, thus avoiding same.22 He permitted someone else over-personalization.25 to even help carry His cross!23 He In his much acclaimed book, implored His closest disciples to be Margin, Richard Swenson M.D. shares there for Him when He was suffering the concept of “overload” and how

Taking a break from work, participating in breathing exercises, exercising, and other recreational activities all help reduce the stress associated with CF.

16 we all have the need to maintain a reserve or “margin” in all areas of our 1. Hilfiker, David.Healing the Wounds: A Physician Looks at His Work, New York: Pantheon Books, 1985, p. 207. life including the physical, emotional, 2. LaRowe, Karl, Breath of Relief. Healer-Warrior, INC; spiritual, social, time, and financial 2nd edition (January 18, 2008), p. 7. resources. This will contribute to the 3. Wikipedia Article: Compassion Fatigue: http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion_fatigue. ability to be resilient when unexpected 4. Figley, Charles R. (Ed.). Compassion Fatigue: Coping with stressors come our way. According Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder in Those Who Treat the to Swenson, “Margin is the space Traumatized. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1995, p.2. 5. Ibid. p. 5 between our load and limits” and is 6. Stamm, B. H. (Ed.). Secondary Traumatic Stress: Self- the opposite of overload.26 In order to care issues for Clinicians, Researchers, and Educators, Second preserve ourselves and our usefulness as Edition. Lutherville: Sidran Press, 1999, p. 7. 7. Figley, Charles R. (Ed.) Treating Compassion Fatigue. chaplains and caregivers, it is important New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2002, p. 2-3. to personally identify our symptoms 8. McCann, I.L. and Pearlman, L.A. “Vicarious Traumatization: A framework for understanding the and behaviors and find what works for psychological effects of working with victims.” Journal of us to reach a healthy margin. Traumatic Stress, 3, 1990, pp. 131 - 149. Some practices have been shown 9. Figley, Charles R. (Ed.) Treating Compassion Fatigue, p. 3. 10. Stamm, B. H. (Ed.). Secondary Traumatic Stress: Self- to be effective in preventing and care issues for Clinicians, Researchers, and Educators, Second treating CF. Taking a break from work, Edition. Lutherville: Sidran Press, 1999, p. 11. participating in breathing exercises, 11. Figley, Treating Compassion Fatigue, p. 155. 12. Greer, Paul. An Educational Methodology and Program exercising, and other recreational for the Mitigation of Compassion Fatigue for Combat Deploying activities all help reduce the stress Chaplains. Lynchburg: Liberty University, 2008, p. 10. associated with CF. In addition, 13. Figley, Treating Compassion Fatigue, p. 7. 14. Ibid. establishing clear, professional 15. Frank Ochberg, When Helping Hurts: Sustaining Trauma boundaries and accepting the fact that Workers, DVD, int. Frank Ochberg, 17 Min. (Camden: Gift successful outcomes are not always From Within, 2006). 16. 27 Figley, Treating Compassion Fatigue, 7. achievable can limit the effects of CF. 17. Ibid. Maintaining a diverse network of 18. Maslach, Christina. Burnout: The Cost of Caring. social support, from colleagues to pets, Cambridge: Malor Books, 2003, pp. 104-105. 19. Ibid, pp 106-107. promotes a positive psychological 20. Meadors, et al. (2008). Compassion Fatigue and Secondary 28 state and can protect against CF. Traumatization: Provider Self Care on the Intensive Care Units Having been an approved instructor for Children. Journal of Pediatric Health, (22)1. 21. Berry, Carmen Renee. When Helping You is Hurting for the International Critical Incident Me. Escaping the Messiah Trap. New York: The Crossroad Stress Foundation for ten years and Publishing Company, 2003, p. 14. having used the critical incident stress 22. Mark 1:35; 6:3-32; Matthew 14:13; Luke 4:42; 5:15-16. 23. Matthew 27:32. management (CISM) debriefing 24. Matthew 26:38. model designed by Mitchell and 25. Gentry, J. Eric, Baranowsky, A. B. and Dunning, K. Everly.31 I have seen the therapeutic “Accelerated Recovery Program (ARP) For Compassion Fatigue.” In Thirteenth Annual International Society For benefits of simply unpacking the hurt Traumatic Stress Studies Conference held in Montreal, and trauma in a controlled setting. November 9, 1997, Sarasota: Compassion Unlimited, 1997, p. 3. Social support can help caregivers 26. 30 Swenson, Richard A. Margin: Restoring Emotional, maintain a healthy balance. Physical, Financial, and Time Reserves to Overloaded Lives All clinicians exposed to the (Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2004), pp. 64-78, 95, 107. traumatized will have some degree 27. Huggard, P. Secondary Traumatic Stress: Doctors at Risk. New Ethicals Journal, 2003, p.12. of residual compassion stress, but 28. Ibid. intentional self-care, education, the 29. Mitchell, Jr., Jeffrey & Everly, George. Critical Incident ability to detach, coupled with a high Stress Management: A New Era and Standard of Care in Crisis Intervention, Ellicot City: Chevron Publishing, 1997, p. 3. degree of job satisfaction, are factors 30. Wikipedia Article: Compassion Fatigue: http:// that can deter the progression of CF. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion_fatigue.

17 Carlos Parra with Deena Bartel-Wagner UNDERGROUND HOPE

he Atacama Desert in northern was a bold request, but God likes to Chile is known as one of the give bold answers. Tdriest places on earth. Some The next few months were filled parts of this barren region haven’t with ministry to nine churches that seen rain since record keeping of such Parra pastored. On Friday, August began. Underneath the surface, the 6, 2010, Parra received a call that Atacama hides it riches–copper, silver, would reorient his ministry. “The day and gold ore. These precious minerals before I had been busy with several are extracted through the labors of appointments and hadn’t heard the miners who in live in the region. news,” says Parra. “Pastor Francisco It was to this place that Carlos Briseño, the North Chile Mission Parra came to minister and to bring president, was on the line inquiring the story of Jesus. “As I began my whether any church members were ministry in Copiapó, I climbed to trapped in the cave-in. I told him I the top of a high hill that overlooked didn’t know of a cave-in.” the city,” says Parra. “I prayed asking Parra listened in astonishment as God to open the door for me to reach he learned that Chile’s worst mining the people of Copiapó and the entire disaster had occurred in his district. region of Atacama.” Parra didn’t stop Thirty-three men who worked at there, however. He went on to ask the San José Mine were trapped 700 God to allow his words to be heard meters beneath the earth’s surface. No throughout all of Chile and the even one knew if they were alive or dead. one day, to the rest of the world. It “I immediately began asking

18 myself, What can I do to help?” says camp, he saw many children present Parra. “I knew the miners would be who needed to be cheered up. “The suffering from intense heat, darkness, next morning, I brought a group and isolation, and that their families of teen Pathfinders to help with an would be experiencing extreme impromptu children’s ministry,” says anguish and worry.” Parra. “These teens were experienced Then Parra received another call, in children’s ministry and they requesting him to join other pastors provided activities to cheer up the from the region at the mine site to children. As the children became pray for the miners, their families, and engaged and began to smile and laugh, a miracle. They gathered and began we witnessed a change in the faces of to ask God for a miracle of rescue and the adults, as they relaxed, too." life for the miners. This first act led to others that Metal cranes, drilling rigs, and Parra led out in. He visited daily with other pieces of heavy equipment for family members and prayed with rescue dotted the landscape as the them. He brought reading material pastors looked down on the site. They that would encourage them and food. also saw the individual campsites Day after day slipped by, as and fires of the families who were families waited for news. No one gathering to hold vigil as they waited knew if the miners were alive or dead. for news. No one knew if a rescue was even After praying, the pastors began to possible. Carlos Parra continued to visit with the families. “I knew I had to seek God’s guidance on how to help find ways to help these people,” says the families. One sleepless night, Parra. “God had brought me to this Parra was asking God what more he region to minister to the people.” could do. “As I finished praying, I As Parra walked through the was impressed with the thought that

“I knew the miners would be suffering from intense heat, darkness, and isolation, and that their families would be experiencing extreme anguish and worry.”

19 Now everyone had to settle in for Chaplain Parra the long wait for rescue. The site prayed with each where the families were camping was named Camp Hope. It was winter in family as their the desert and nighttime temperatures plummeted, but the families would loved one made the not leave the area. With the news the miners were journey from the alive, Parra wanted to do something for them also. He secured permission bowels of the earth to provide a Bible for each of the miners. The books would have to to the surface. be no larger than three inches wide, because they had to fit in the 10-foot long pipe that was sent down to I should deliver a Bible to each of the the miners with supplies. With the families,” says Parra. With each act of help of several others, Parra secured compassion, Parra grew closer to the Bibles that there exactly three inches miners’ families. wide. “The Bibles were sent down to On August 22, the news everyone the miners exactly three weeks after hoped for became reality. Contact the accident,” says Parra. “Having was made with the miners. They God’s Word to read daily was a great were alive and unharmed. What encouragement to the miners.” seemed like insurmountable odds Parra’s close work with the miners’ would have to be overcome, but families led to him being officially everyone was committed to bringing designated the chaplain of Camp the miners out alive. Hope. The families wanted him

20 to have access to them and to the meetings with government and mining officials that they attended. Days were spent waiting, praying, and reading the Bible together. When the families would become frustrated with various issues, Chaplain Parra would meet with them and continue to encourage them to be hopeful and seek God for comfort. The trapped miners and families above ground settled into a routine. “We learned that the miners prayed together everyday at noon,” says Parra. “God impressed me to establish a worldwide prayer chain,” says Parra. “We knew people were praying, so we used social media to spread the word around the world. In the camp, we met at 6:00 p.m. daily to pray as a group–the miners below ground and the families and rescue personnel community chaplain reaching out above ground.” to those who were in his sphere of This disaster drew the attention influence. He found ways to meet of the world. Media crews arrived the needs of others who were in at Camp Hope and told the story of crisis. This is often the role that a the disaster and the ongoing work of community chaplain must fill. Pastors rescue. Government officials often who choose to become involved as visited the site for updates and to meet community chaplains can minister with the families. Chaplain Parra had as police and fire chaplains, disaster several opportunities to be interviewed response chaplains, airport chaplains, by various media outlets and to meet and more. with government officials. Editor’s Note: Hope Underground–The Sixty-nine days after the accident, 34 Chilean Miners, A Story of Faith and the 33 miners were finally brought Miracles is Carlos Parra’s story about one-by-one to the surface and reunited the San José with their families. Chaplain Parra mining disaster prayed with each family as their loved and his role as one made the journey from the bowels a community of the earth to the surface. Laughter chaplain. To and tears permeated the reunions. The read the entire miners gratefully acknowledge that story, order God had spared their lives, but even the book from more, that He had been with them as Amazing Facts the 34th miner in the miry pit where at afbookstore. they had been trapped. com or call Carlos Parra filled his role as a 800-538-7275.

21 Behind and Beyond the Walls of Serowe Prison

Mpoloka Maseko with Deena Bartel-Wagner

convinced that a female chaplain could be effective in an all-male prision.” Mpoloka knew that God had guided her to this ministry. As a teen and young adult, Mpoloka immersed herself in youth evangelism. “Our pastor believed that the youth should be engaged in bringing others to Christ,” says Mpoloka. “One night we were having a meeting at church. During the appeal, I remained in my chair. I kept thinking that I wished the ithin the walls of Serowe pastor would stop speaking.” Prison in Serowe, Botswana, As the pastor continued his appeal, WMpoloka Maseko ministers Mpoloka couldn’t believe it when she to bring about true reform in the lives heard the words, Lord, I thank you for of both prisoners and staff. “Much of calling this young woman to work for you. my work as a corrections chaplain is “I knew that the message was for me,” about winning the confidence of both says Mpoloka. “I had to respond to prisoners and staff,” says Mpoloka. God’s call on my life.” “Upon my arrival at Serowe Prison, Training for ministry ensued and there were skeptics. They were not Mpoloka began to prepare to work as

22 a corrections chaplain at the request of her conference administration leadership. Mpoloka received her With the belief theology degree and specialized in training for HIV/AIDS counseling that God and took the Botswana Marriage Officers Course. In the midst of her can restore training, Mpoloka suffered the loss of her greatest supporter. “My husband anyone’s life, was so supportive of me becoming a chaplain,” says Mpoloka. “He became Mpoloka ill and died. That was such a difficult time for me.” Mpoloka knew how emphasizes the much her husband believed in her ministry. During the dark days after restoration of his death, Mpoloka drew comfort and strength from the knowledge the inmates to that her husband would want her to move forward. Finally prepared with society. her corrections chaplaincy training, Mpoloka was ready to begin her work in Serowe Prison. “One of the first things I had to do was to win the trust of the prison staff they are incarcerated,” says Mpoloka. and the inmates themselves,” admits “This is another way that they can Mpoloka. “There were some staff improve their lives.” who were concerned that I would Although Mpoloka believes become emotionally involved with a character and educational training are prisoner.” As Mpoloka emphasized necessary, she knows that for a life to her commitment to do ministry and be fully restored, the individual must help inmates find a better way of accept Jesus as Saviour. This is the life, these concerns dissipated. “As only way true change can occur. my ministry grew, the staff began “I believe that the participation to come to me with their problems of local churches in the lives of the and concerns,” says Mpoloka. inmates is a key component in their “Today, they accept my presence and success when they return to society,” encourage me in my ministry.” says Mpoloka. “I coordinate with all With the belief that God can local faith groups to hold services at restore anyone’s life, Mpoloka the prison.” emphasizes the restoration of the The local Seventh-day Adventist inmates to society. She stresses Church participates in the prison’s character molding and relationship spiritual programming. Stephen building, as well as temper and anger Makuku, the local church pastor, control. As the inmates develop teaches weekly at the prison using life skills in these areas, Mpoloka Voice of Prophecy Bible studies as the also encourages them to finish curriculum. “Church members grade their education. “Inmates have the the lessons each week,” says Mpoloka. opportunity to earn a degree while Each Sabbath, church members

23 During 2013, a series of evangelistic As Mpokola, the meetings was held for the prisoners. As Mpokola, the members, and the members, and the pastor studied and prayed with the prisoners, hearts and lives were made pastor studied new. It came time for a baptism service to be held. “I requested permission for and prayed with the baptismal candidates to go outside the prison walls to a nearby pond the prisoners, where there was enough water to hold a baptism,” says Mpoloka. “When hearts and lives the authorities agreed to the idea, it showed their trust in the inmates.” were made new. One hundred sixty inmates and two corrections officers of Serowe Prison were baptized during 2013. Following their baptism, the arrive at the prison ready to conduct local Adventist church accepts their services in a tent that is located within membership. “When the prisoners the walls. They provide Sabbath are released they have a support School quarterlies to any prisoner who group through the church who requests one. Friendships are formed already knows them personally,” and prisoners are led to Christ. says Mpoloka. She believes this

24 connection aids in the inmate being “It is exciting to reintroduced to society. Once inmates leave Serowe see the outcast Prison, Mpoloka will see them in the community. “They are always eager to update me on their lives and to of society introduce me to their families,” says Mpoloka. This coordinated ministry reforming is having an effect on the men. Since 2008, Mpoloka has only seen one man their lives , return to prison after he was released. As in all correctional centers, there The greater joy are those who are never released. Some must pay for their crimes comes from with their lives. When the finality of execution dawns, the condemned helping them seek answers to their questions about death. “They often ask me what lies prepare to ahead and where they are going,” says Mpoloka. “Those who have accepted be citizens of Christ can more readily accept the punishment for their actions.” heaven.” Mpokola doesn’t talk much about the loneliness of being a female chaplain in a male-dominated world. One of the times she feels that lonliness the most is following an execution. She is with the prisoner until the very end. This Mpokola. “I want to pass those same comes with the role of chaplain. It values and beliefs on to my children.” isn’t something she discusses with It’s been many nights since the others freely. It is the hard side of evening meeting when God led a corrections chaplaincy. woman to minister to the condemned Although many of her days and those who oversee their are consumed with work inside incarceration. As Mpokola provides prison walls, Mpokola also wants to spiritual care, visits the sick, counsels participate in her community. “I’m the troubled, and buries the dead, she often asked to perform functions reflects on her call to serve inmates, in local schools and hospitals,” she prison officers, and their families. “I says. “These are one of my links to am so glad that church leadership ministering in the outside community.” has integrated me into ministry as a As a single mother of three pastor and a chaplain,” says Mpokola. children, a son and two daughters, “It is exciting to see the outcast of Mpokola teaches her children about society reforming their lives and faith and dependence on a God who becoming better citizens in their has never abandoned her. “I have communities. The greater joy comes always been grateful that my mother from helping them prepare to be raised me in the Adventist faith,” says citizens of heaven.”

25 Light shines in the darkness for the godly. They are generous, compassionate, and righteous. Psalm 112:4 New Living Translation

26 ADVENTIST CHAPLAINCY MINISTRIES WORLDWIDE

SOUTH AMERICAN DIVISION

ARGENTINA

Bruno Flores (Capellán Nivel Medio y Escuela Primaria) and Pastor Dario Maldonado (Capellán Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud). Not pictured: Ester de Jonas (Capellana Internados de señoritas), Carlos Barro (Capellán Facultad de Humanidades), and 14 student assistant chaplains.

River Plate Adventist University (Universidad Adventista del Plata) recently hosted Dr. Mario Ceballos, associate director, Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries for meetings and consultations. Leadership included in the meetings were (left to right) Pastor Daniel Briggen (Senior Chaplain), Joana Campione (Secretaria), Anne Claire (Capellana Pastor Roberto Giordana, vice de ACA), Dr. Mario Ceballos, Pastor president of Spiritual Development, Roberto Giordana (Vice President Dr. Mario Ceballos, associate of Spiritual Development), Federico director, Adventist Chaplaincy Harrillo (Capellán Facultad de Ministries and Pastor Daniel Briggen, Ciencias Económicas), senior chaplain.

27 BRAZIL NORTH AMERICAN DIVISION

SDA CAMPUS CHAPLAINS MEET

The General Conference Departments of Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries and Ministerial conducted a joint meeting in Sao Paulo, Brazil Campus chaplains from Adventist for ministerial directors and health colleges and universities across care chaplains. During the training North America gathered in Seattle, the chaplains received continuing Washington for a day of training education in clinical pastoral education. and fellowship. Dr. Darold Bigger, A highlight of the training included the Walla Walla University served as on-site visit to the Sao Paulo Adventist moderator for group discussions on Hospital. The chaplains divided into divergent sexuality. teams and spent time visiting patients and praying with them. Following the GREG MATTHEWS RETIRES visit, they spent time reflecting on their experience through both written and spoken verbatims.

Chaplain Greg Matthews was recently honored during a Elder Erton Khöler, president, retirement ceremony for 50 years of South American Division expressed ministry. His most recent position his appreciation for the ministry of was as a VA Chaplain with VA chaplains throughout the Division. Eastern Colorado Health Care System in Denver, Colorado.

28 Are you seeking ecclesiastical endorsement through Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries? Have you met the denominational studies component necessary for endorsement? Do you need more graduate semester hours to qualify for endorsement? Enhance Your Education Portfolio

The Denominational Studies New courses begin every Certificate is an online graduate-level three months. course of study that can help fulfill these requirements. APPLICATION DEADLINES ARE:

CLASSES COVER: • Summer Quarter (Starts June 21) • church history and heritage Register by May 1, 2014 • doctrines, beliefs and practices • Fall Quarter (Starts Sept 22) • perspectives on prophecy, which Register by August 1, 2014 provides hope and healing • Winter Quarter (Starts Jan 5, 2015) • Health, wellness, and lifestyle Register by November 1, 2014

Online courses are structured, APPLY ONLINE AT 10-week modules. Students WWW.LLU.EDU/APPLY. complete one module every 7 days. Technological skill requirements Further details are listed at the Loma include: ability to understand and Linda University School of Religion navigate online learning management website www.llu.edu/religion. Click systems, be technologically astute, on the “Degrees and Programs” link and a self-motivated learner. on the left-side navigation bar.

Raelene Brower, Director of Enrollment Services, at [email protected] or call (909) 651-5952.

29 FACES OF CHAPLAINCY THROUGH THE YEARS Celebrating 30 years of Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries

2015ADVENTIST CHAPLAINS WORLD CONGRESS San Antonio, Texas June 29 – July 1, 2015

lan now to join Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries in San Antonio, Texas, for the 2nd World PCongress for Adventist Chaplains. Come and participate in specialized training, fellowship, networking, and a 30th anniversary celebration. Further details will be made available on the Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries websites, gc.AdventistChaplains.org, nad.AdventistChaplains.org, Facebook, and Twitter.

30 Executive Editor: Mario Ceballos, D.Min., BCC ACM Editor: Deena Bartel-Wagner [email protected] UPCOMING Layout and Design: Emily Harding EVENTS HardingDesign THE ADVENTIST CHAPLAIN is a quarterly publication of Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries, JUNE the ecclesiastical endorsing agency of 10 ACM Committee Meeting – the Seventh-day Adventist® Church. General Conference This journal is distributed worldwide­ to chaplains, church leaders, institutions, 10 ACM Committee Meeting – and others involved in chaplaincies. To be North American Division added to our mailing list, please visit our website at www.adventistchaplains.org. 11-22 Staff Assistance Visits to SDA Articles, comments, photographs, and Military in Japan questions are always welcomed. 14 ACM Offering–North Texts credited to NIV are from the Holy American Division Bible, New International Version. Copyright  1973, 1978, 1984, International Bible 19–22 Seventh-day Adventist Health Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Care Chaplains Training, Bible Publishers. Texts credited to NKJV are from the New King James Anaheim, California Version. Copyright © 1979, 1980, 23–27 Northern Asia Pacific Division 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by ACM Advisory, Seoul, Republic permission. All rights reserved. of Korea Photos on pages 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 26, 30 and 32 © BigStock, 2014.

JULY 1 ACM Committee Meeting – North American Division Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries DIRECTOR: 8-12 Global Health Conference, Gary Councell, M.Div., M.S. Geneva, Switzerland ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR: 11-13 Seventh-day Adventist Mario Ceballos, D.Min., BCC Community Chaplains MAILING ADDRESS: Training Conference Adventist Chaplaincy Ministries Seventh-day Adventist World Headquarters Columbia, South Carolina 12501 Old Columbia Pike 14-18 International Conference Police Silver Spring, MD 20904-6600, USA Chaplains Training Conference PHONE: 301-680-6780 Columbia, SC FAX: 301-680-6783 24-27 Alliance of Prison Ministry E-MAIL: [email protected] Organizations and WORLDWIDE WEB: Affiliates Conference, www.gc.AdventistChaplains.org Bloomington, Minnesota www.nad.AdventistChaplains.org

31 The compassion that God manifests toward us, He bids us manifest

toward others. – Ellen G. White, Education, p. 257

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