Fire Protection Guide for Electrical Installations

Home , Cable tray, Firewall (construction)

Fire protection guide for electrical installations

Building Connections

Table of contents

In the second edition of this fire protection guide, we have again compiled lots of useful information. The in- terconnections of fire protection between different types of technical building equipment are now explained in even more detail. Perhaps you will find some new information in this edition which can help you in the planning and implementation of fire protection systems. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

2 Table of contents

Fire protection guide for electrical installations Table of contents

1 General introduction 7 1.1 Construction law 12 1.2 The four pillars of fire protection 18 1.3 Construction products 26 1.4 Fire protection concepts 32 2 Maintenance of the fire sections – protection aim 1 36 2.1 Components closing rooms – firewalls 36 2.2 Requirements for cable penetrations - insulation 36 2.3 Proofs of usability 39 2.4 Construction types of cable and combination insulation 42 2.5 Applications and special applications 52 2.6 Selection aid and OBO Construct BSS 60 2.7 Building in old buildings 62 2.8 Cable bandages 65 3 Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2 75 3.1 What is an escape and rescue route? 75 3.2 Installations in lightweight partitions 78 3.3 Installation in false ceilings 80 3.4 Installations in underfloor systems 91 3.5 Shielding with plate material 93 3.6 Cable routing in fire protection ducts 94 4 Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems − protection aim 3 104 4.1 Where is the maintenance of electrical functionality required? 104 4.2 Tasks of maintaining electrical functionality 105 4.3 Cable systems with integrated maintenance of electrical functionality 106 4.4 Systems with maintenance of electrical functionality with fire protection ducts 113 4.5 Systems with maintenance of electrical functionality with cable support systems 115 4.6 Special features of vertical routing 130 4.7 Exceptions to maintaining electrical functionality 134 4.8 Limits of maintaining electrical functionality 136 5 Anchorings 140 5.1 Fastening principles 141 5.2 Fastening substrates 142 5.3 Types of anchors 147 5.4 Fastening on steel structures 150 5.5 Fastenings on wooden components 151 6 Fire protection from OBO Bettermann 156 6.1 A short trip through the history of "BSS" 156 6.2 Engineering and support 158 6.3 Seminars 159 7 Imprint 161 7.1 About the author 162 7.2 Sources 165 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

3 4

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Chapter 1 | General introduction

Chapter 1: General introduction

1 General introduction 7 1.1 Construction law 12 1.1.1 Construction law protection aims 14 1.1.2 Building classes (using the example of Germany) 14 1.2 The four pillars of fire protection 18 1.2.1 Construction fire protection 18 1.2.2 System fire protection 20 1.2.3 A company's organisational fire protection 24 1.2.4 Combative fire protection 24 1.3 Construction products 26 1.3.1 European Construction Parts Regulation 26 1.3.2 Tests, approvals and standards 28 1.4 Fire protection concepts 32 1.4.1 Planning and contents 32 1.4.2 Handling deviations and compensations 32 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

5 Chapter 1 | General introduction

"It is the people who don't know how to play with (fire) who get burned..."

Oscar Wilde BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 rtcin ulig lgmn ms fnly e ap- be finally must installationsexecutedaccord-thebemustproved. All alignment fire building the protection implementation, correct and planning After be implemented without further work. cannot whichrequirements are there where here is it in- are components stalled.installationThe andengineerrequired ishere. And systems appropriate the completed,been has designprotection fire the When with the electrical installation. air-conditioning, and ventilation heating, posal, variousmonisenetworks,dis-supplytheandas such complex the through buildingstructures networksand theart ofthe planner toishar- like run stallations In- obstacles. insurmountable almost with equipment building of engineers installation and planners many presentsprotection fire Nowadays,multi-faceted. challenging and is protection fire professional However, growing. also is buildings in protection fire necessary towards sensitivity the context, this In continuously.increased have safety building for requirements the years, For 1 General introduction A fire requires three basic conditions basic three requires fire A With the correct proportion dmgn fr cn ny eeo wt a particular a mixing with ratio and a (not always necessary) develop catalyst. only can fire damaging A • • • A fire requires three basic conditions: first the glow to a huge from inferno. fire, a become to flame a a takes for moment only it Often, catastrophe. a triggers which cigarette unextinguished carelessnessjust is it Often, How does a fire occur? spread of fire. the prevent or limit to options of range the as well as edge of fire creation, fire behaviour and fire avoidance knowl-comprehensiverequire and highappropriately thus are requirements The available. be must proofs protection fire appropriate the and regulations to ing An ignition source Oxygen A combustible substance

Combustible substance Heat Oxygen – Chapter 1 | General introduction r tcncl defect, technical a or – a forgotten candle, an candle,forgotten a 7 Chapter 1 | General introduction

2% self-ignition 0.3% lightning strike

3% work with risk of fire 2% explosion

33% electricity 4% naked flame

9% arson

9% overheating

21% miscellaneous and unknown items 17% human error

Causes of fire BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

8 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Table 1: Number of fires per year in 2010 - 2014 tion. stallationsrequirespecial consideration protec-firefor in- electricalreason, this Forcombustible. usually are insulation cable and installationselectrical fasten and route to used materials the other, the On ignition. of source potential a is current electrical the the On hand, fire. one of cause 1 no. the is electricity 33%, At 2014. in [1] Services)Rescue and Fire ofAssociation tional (Interna-CTIF byevaluatedcountries the in year each deaths fire and fires of number the show below bles areinjured, of whom 10% are seriously injured. The ta- 60,000 and fire of result a as die people 600 around year each causedamage running to billions firesof euros. Every year, 200,000 around alone, Germany In Fire statistics Table 2: Number of fire deaths per year in 2010 5 4 3 2 1 No. 6 5 4 3 2 1 No. Total 5,000 < 5,000 10,000 20,000 600,000 - 100,000 800,000 year per fires of number Total Total 100 < 100 200 1,000 10,000 year per fires of number Total – – 1,000 200 – – 10,000 – – 10,000 – 20,000 – 100,000 25,000 1,500,000 220 180 11 20 5 3 countries of Number 220 150 15 20 21 13 1 countries of Number – year per deaths fire 100 than less have usually countries These others and Moldova Bulgaria, Sweden, Hungary, Republic, Czech Lanka, Sri Australia, others and Latvia Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Romania, Uzbekistan, Canada, Poland, Spain, Korea, South Iran, Turkey, Mexico, Brazil, Belarus, Indonesia, Germany, UK, Japan Ukraine, Africa, South China, USA, Pakistan Russia, India, States 2014 United States United States year per fires 5,000 than less have usually countries These others and Philippines Croatia, Singapore, Georgia, Slovakia, Tunisia, Lanka, Sri Iraq, others and Finland Denmark, Serbia, Belgium, Republic, Czech Cuba, Kazakhstan, Romania, Uzbekistan, Algeria, Thailand, others and Iran Spain, Ukraine, Netherlands, Malaysia, Africa, South Canada, Turkey, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan Argentina, Australia, Mexico, Italy, Brazil, India, China, Poland, Russia, Germany, France, UK, to the structure of a building. causelastingmayTheydamagefire.created during a gases the ofcorrosiveeffects thethroughincurred so al- is damageproperty Immense smoke. the from ing poison-of butfire, theimmediate theeffectsof to due Esti- underestimated. not dievictims fire of 95% oftenaround that suggest mates are gases ag- fire and gressive toxic highly the of impact catastrophic The Chapter 1 | General introduction 9 Chapter 1 | General introduction

Approximately 95% of all deaths during fires are caused by smoke poisoning!

Impacts of fire Heavy smoke development in a burning building is not Rapid spread of the fire just a risk to the lives and well-being of those affected. If a fire starts, then it may get out of control very The smoke also makes firefighting more difficult, be- quickly. In a moment, the flames consume all com- cause the fire brigade has difficulty in localising the bustible materials, temperatures rise and the fire source of the fire. The aim of preventive fire protection spreads in an explosive manner. Therefore, for fire must therefore also be to limit smoke development to brigades, besides actually fighting the existing flames, the area immediately affected. the main task is to prevent further spreading of the fire to neighbouring buildings or building sections, in or- Electrical installations contain cables with different in- der to limit the damage. sulating materials, which burn with smoke development of different strengths. Construction components such as firewalls, fire-resistant ceilings, fire doors, cable insulation and other In Germany, 95% of all cable insulation in building in- measures for preventive fire protection can help to stallations is made from PVC. Alternatives, such as prevent the expansion of a fire or at least slow it halogen-free insulation materials, have not been re- down. quired by construction law in Germany. By contrast, in Luxembourg, for example, halogen-free cables are re- Heavy smoke development quired for public buildings. The development of smoke and soot are an often underestimated source of danger. Depending on which materials catch fire, the combustion process will cause, amongst other things, the forming of the toxic gases:

• Carbon monoxide • Carbon dioxide • Sulphur dioxide • Water vapour and soot

Approx. 360 Diluted hy- 1 kg of PVC litres of hydrochloric drochloric gas acid

Fire Extinguishing water

Formation of corrosion fire gases BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

10 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 • • • • • • • Corrosive fire gas products: ceeds the actual fire damage. tent. Often, such subsequent damage considerably ex- ex- great a to sometimesstructure, building the ages dam- thusreinforcements, andsteel attacks concrete, ates aggressive hydrochloric acid. This acid enters the cre- extinguishingwater, the withtogether which, gas, chlorine creates this burns, insulation cable PVC the if example, For serious. very be can fires, cable from particularly and fires, from damage subsequent The Corrosive fire gases material of kg 10 using when gases fire and Smoke Fire damage through corrosive gases corrosive through damage Fire in m in volume Smoke Soot Carbon monoxide Ammoniac Carbon dioxide Sulphur dioxide Cyanide Hydrochloric acid

3 /h foam rubber foam Heating oil/- Heating Foam Petroleum Hard fibre Hard plate Cellulose pa- Cellulose 13 m of a PVC-insulated cable of cable PVC-insulated a of m 13 500 m³ with thick, black smoke. black thick, with m³ 500 per 1 kg of PVC will fill a volume of volume a fill will PVC of kg 1 1 kg of PVC corresponds to corresponds PVC of kg 1 type NYM 3 x 1.5 mm². mm². 1.5 x 3 NYM type Polypropy- lene

Fibre-glass reinforced Chapter 1 | General introduction plastic Hard PVC Hard 11 Chapter 1 | General introduction

Historic city fire: London 1666

1.1 Construction law Construction law – state law – European law? The catastrophic city fires of the Middle Ages ensured The version of the construction laws and the appropri- early on that people began to think about the way they ate ordinances vary between the federal states of Ger- built their cities. The closeness of the buildings slowly many. This means that there may be differences from disappeared and so-called town planning laws were state to state. The master cable installation guidelines introduced. are also affected: The states have the right to include changes or to apply the suggestion exactly. Therefore, Even today, these laws define the distances between during planning, observe both the location of the con- buildings, in order to prevent direct spreading of fires. struction project and the valid regulations. For this reason, only non-combustible materials may now be used for the basic structure of buildings and Currently, there is no construction law for the whole of roofs. Europe. National regulations must be observed. In recent years, the harmonisation of construction products Building regulations according to the European Construction Products Or- In Germany, the model building regulations MBO [2] dinance has increasingly led to free trading of ap- serve as a basis for the erection of structures and the proved construction products in the European Union. use of construction products. The state construction regulations in the individual German federal states were created according to the model building regulations, as construction law is the responsibility of the states. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

12 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 igihn maue"[] hs es he important protection three aims. sets This measures".[2] tinguishing ex- effective as well as animals and people of rescue the allow and smoke, and fire of spread of the and fires creation the "prevent to order in requirements, al gener-the describedalreadyin aserected beenhave defined in §14 of the German MBO. The building must example,forprotectionrequirements are,fire first The Fire protection in the construction regulations the planner, craftsman and operator. ingon the area concerned, the responsibilities lay with animalspropertyandsurroundings.theirand Depend- people, means This endangered".[2] not are life, for requirements natural and health life, particular in and maintainedwaythatpublicsuchainsafety and order, and modifiederected, "arranged, be to is project tion constructionconstruc-a system.Accordingathem, to on requirementsbasic placeregulations Construction General requirements Schematic drawing of the increasing requirements for fire protection measures, depending on the building type and size size and type building the on depending measures, protection fire for requirements increasing the of drawing Schematic

called ÖVE ÖNORM E 8002 [4]. is installation electrical the with solely dealing rective di- systems' cable the Austria, In buildings. in tection pro- fire of topicthe dedicatedto arecountries,which There Europeanother indirectives regulationsor similar practice. are in implemented are regulations tion construc- the to according aims protection the Thus, in the event of a fire. integrity electrical emergency with and systems to as walls well in as ceilings separating through installations routing to cable routes, applies MLAR The systems.ventilation to not but systems,cable heating electrical,sanitaryandappliesto building. It a in tions installa- for requirements the specifies directive This the of German federal states. law construction applicable the guideline to regulation installation cable (MLAR)[3] was introduced master as a technical construction the Germany, In applied. be must measures construction which ify scribedhere. Additional construction de- regulations spec- are systems technical the only protection, fire to VDE, regard example, with However, others. for and KEMA-KEUR by, ÖVE, require- specified electrical are the These also ments. are there con- law, from struction requirements national basic the Besides Guidelines for electrical installations Chapter 1 | General introduction 13 Chapter 1 | General introduction

1.1.1 Construction law protection aims Besides the aspect of safety for those people working Measures are be taken in buildings with a lot of peo- in the plant, the operator must also focus on the pro- ple, so that, in the event of a fire, no-one is injured by tection of their machines, products and warehouse fa- fire and smoke. The opportunity for a safe, quick exit cilities. These points are also of importance in terms must exist. During emergencies, it is people who are of power generation. Protection of the usually very non-local who have great difficulty in correctly estimat- high investments in plant equipment is the main argu- ing the risks and leaving the building using the most ment for a fire protection concept. direct route. Therefore, three steps are essential for the effective fire protection in a building: 1.1.2 Building classes (using the example of Ger- many) Not every building is subject to the high fire protection requirements. Therefore, in Germany the MBO makes a distinction between various building classes, which each have different fire protection requirements. Classes 1 to 3 mostly contain smaller buildings, in which usually few people are to be found.

Higher buildings below the tower block limit of 22 me- First protection aim tres are to be found in classes 4 & 5. In buildings reg- Limit the spread of the fire ulated according to classes 1 to 5, a single structure rescue route is sufficient, e.g. a stairwell. In these buildings, rooms in upper storeys can be reached by

the local fire brigade using portable ladders.

For higher buildings above 22 m (upper edge of the floor of the top room), aerial rescue vehicles, e.g. ro- Second protection aim tary ladders, are required. Not every municipality pos- Protect escape and rescue routes sesses an appropriately equipped fire brigade, as these special vehicles are very expensive to buy. This is why these municipalities very infrequently have tower blocks.

Third protection aim Maintain the electrical function − important electrical systems must continue to operate

Protection of property and the environment The protection of property includes not only the protection of the building or the system, but also the protection of cultural goods and irreplaceable data. With regard to environmental protection, the German MBO prescribes this special protection aim: It states that "Public safety and order as well as life, health and the natural basics of life (may) not be endangered".

When implementing fire protection measures, environmental protection must also be observed. A system must be designed in such a way that, even in the event of a fire, neither people nor nature are endangered unnecessarily. In the industrial sector, it is also of course mandatory to implement the construction fire protection requirements. Also, in most cases, such systems require a fire protection concept, without which the system cannot be approved. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Chapter 1 | General introduction 15 Chapter 1 | General introduction

Buildings which exceed the tower block limit or are special structures

must possess at least two struc- turally independent rescue routes.

Different objectives: Protecting people or property BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

16 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Classification of the building classes according to the Model Building Regulations (Germany) • • • • • to the Model Building Regulations: accordingfulfilledbe mustfollowing"facts" the of one least at construction,special a classify to able be To lations apply. regu- building state the of requirementsminimum the building, a for regulationsspecial no are there of If use. type the to according ways and different viewed in evaluated is which of protection fire the sections, various into divided be may complex building a that possible is It specifications. special by regulated are asindustrial buildings, tower blocks ormeeting places construction structures largersuchspecialrequirements for The projects. with increase requirements The Special structures UU: Use units, BC: Building classes Building BC: units, Use UU: storey highest the of edge floor Upper UFE: Free-standing buildings UFE < 7 m use units Processing and storage of hazardous substances Special use ing High number of people usually located in the build- Exceeding specified building heights Exceeding a certain floor area UU < 400 m a 2

∑ BC1 Fire brigade deployment with scaling ladder possible ings, used for agricul- Free-standing build- ture and forestry b Non-free-standing build- units ings UFE < 7 m use ∑ UU < 400 m BC2 2

Other buildings with an pl, ln wt te iiu rqieet o the of state's laws. requirements minimum the with along apply, technologyof generalrulesthe However,lations.here "unregulated" so-called specialstructures, are for which there are no special regu- these Alongside structures. special "regulated" These termed on. are types so building and ordinance construction hospital directive, block tower ordinance, ordinances, place meeting and e.g. regulations construction technical special have structures special these of Some pitals. hos- stadia,schools,centres, structures:shopping blocks, Tower special following the be could Examples UFE < 7 m BC3 UFE < 13 m use unit Fire brigade deployment with rotary ladder with < 400 m BC4 Chapter 1 | General introduction 2

possible the exception of special buildings, UFE < 22 m Other buildings, with 17 BC5 Chapter 1 | General introduction

1.2 The four pillars of fire protection tions and special construction ordinances of the Ger- General fire protection consists of four main pillars: In man states. These specify the minimum requirements the field of general fire protection, the construction, for the building according to its use. Besides the con- systems and organisational fire protection as well as struction law requirements for the stability and traffic combative fire protection as the fourth pillar. This divi- safety of a building or construction site, there are also sion means that the different areas and their aims can additional requirements. Thus, it is surely in the inter- be defined more accurately. est of systems operators that the safety and availabili- ty of the building are at the forefront. This is also in 1.2.1 Construction fire protection the interests of the insurance companies: The more There are different requirements, depending on the measures are implemented with regard to safe use, way a building is used. On the construction side, fire the lower the costs of the risk coverage conditions of- sections are formed, fire-resistant components de- ten are. fined or the position and length of escape routes specified. The basis for this is the construction regula-

The formation of fire sections through firewalls or components with fire resistance BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Four pillars of fire protection fire of pillars Four

Construction fire protection

System fire protection

Company-organised fire protection

Combative fire protection Chapter 1 | General introduction 19 Chapter 1 | General introduction

Fire alarm control panel

Siren

Smoke detector

Hand-held fire alarm

Fire brigade display panel/control panel

Remote access (maintenance)

Fire brigade control office

Printer

Schematic diagram of a modern fire alarm system

1.2.2 System fire protection Fire alarm systems normally consist of the following The use of special systems minimises fire risks, pro- components: tects emergency and escape routes and maintains • Fire alarm control panel as a higher-level computer electrical functionality. These systems, e.g. sprinkler, • Sensors such as manual fire alarms, smoke detec- fire alarm or safety lighting systems, are either re- tors, temperature monitors quired by construction law or are installed for private • Alarm encoders, flashing lights and siren interests. The risk evaluation and risk analysis of a • Fire brigade equipment such as fire brigade display system can lead to the construction authorities to re- panel and control panel quire the erection of an all-covering fire protection system before an approval is issued. These systems must match the operative risks: The triggering ele- Fire alarm systems required by construction law must ments should be selected according to the risk to be be connected to the command centres of the local fire expected. If smoke development is to be expected, brigades. The systems may only be erected by certi- then the characteristic value for the fire alarm is fied installation companies. "smoke". Additional trigger characteristics such as flames or aerosols are also available. Safety lighting systems These systems should ensure that, if there is a fire, Fire alarm systems people can leave a room and the building safely via Networked fire alarm systems, which must function for escape and rescue routes. Rescue symbol luminaires 30 minutes according to construction law, can be with green and white pictograms also help here, which achieved using different technologies, e.g. as a ring- show stylised people and an arrow in the escape di- bus system. However, they all share the fact that addi- rection. tional technical systems are controlled via the alarm systems and can be run in a state which does not The rescue routes must have sufficient light condi- pose a risk to people. These include fire controllers tions, so that possible obstacles in the escape route for lifts, voice alarm systems and the triggering of ex- can be detected in good time and do not represent a tinguishing systems. danger to evacuation. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Chapter 1 | General introduction 21 Chapter 1 | General introduction

Extinguishing systems Fire protection walls Not only the fire alarm system, as a detector and trig- In the field of construction, a lot of emphasis is placed ger unit, but also the technical extinguishing systems on the use of non-combustible substances and com- represent a very large part of preventive fire protec- ponents. In addition, when arranging systems, fire section. The risk analysis means that various systems are tions with reasonable dimensions must be ensured, used according to the combustible substances. The depending on the appropriate risk. Spatial separation combustible substances in the appropriate building through construction measures represents a very ef- determine the type of the extinguishing agent and thus fective step toward the prevention of the spread of the design of the extinguishing system. fires to other areas of buildings and systems.

Thus, a distinction is made between water extinguish- In production companies and in logistics, for example, ing systems, such as sprinkler and spray mist sys- roller conveyors for goods that run through fire protec- tems, foam extinguishing systems and gas extinguish- tion walls are also given a closure which closes auto- ing systems. Gas extinguishing systems are often matically in the event of a fire. This ensures that the used for electrical systems, as the danger posed by - fire resistance class of the penetrated component re- electrical current, together with the conductivity of the mains intact. extinguishing water, is considerable to those involved and also to the rescue services. If structural separation is no longer possible, other measures can be used. For example, installations can However, not only extinguishing systems have an ef- be safely shielded with plate material or routed in fire fect as a "major" solution. Even wall hydrants and protection ducts. Coatings can be applied to supports hand fire extinguishers, which are mandatory in con- and can form an insulation layer in the event of a fire. struction systems, can be used by employees and fire Thus, it is possible to increase the fire resistance ca- brigades for (timely) fighting of fires in the early pacity of these components. stages.

Roller shutters with fire resistance class as fire protection closure BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

22 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Triggering of a sprinkler head when a nominal temperature of 68 °C is exceeded on the glass vial vial glass the on exceeded is °C 68 of temperature nominal a when head sprinkler a of Triggering Different trigger temperatures of glass vials on the sprinkler head sprinkler the on vials glass of temperatures trigger Different Orange 57 °C 68 °C Red Yellow 79 °C 93 °C Green 141 °C Blue Chapter 1 | General introduction 23 182 °C Purple Chapter 1 | General introduction

1.2.3 A company's organisational fire protection 1.2.4 Combative fire protection This area includes the known escape route plans, fire The creation, organisation and maintenance of a fire protection ordinances or behaviour instructions for brigade is part of the field of preventive fire protection. people in case of fire. This is to ensure that controlled All the vehicles and devices, and also the functions procedures are carried out should a fire occur, in or- and deployment tactics of the personnel employed, der to minimise the risk to personnel and visitors, who are specified. know little about the building. The creation of a company or plant fire brigade is also a part of the organi- The tasks are primarily firefighting and technical assis- sational measures. The tasks are of course part of tance. The fire brigades can be public or private. Each combative fire protection. municipality is obliged to maintain a fire brigade. Com- panies may have company or plant fire brigades. Th- The installation of fire guards can be necessary if ese usually carry out preventive fire protection within maintenance work is carried out on fire protection companies. equipment. A further reason for these could be work posing a fire risk, e.g. welding steel in areas with an All four pillars of fire protection must achieve the set increased fire load. This measure, too, belongs to the protection aims within a specific framework. This can field of organisational fire protection. be done in various ways. However, 100% safety cannot be achieved, not least because all the fire protection measures must also be economically viable.

Escape route plan BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Chapter 1 | General introduction 25 Chapter 1 | General introduction

1.3 Construction products As already specified in the basic conditions of the Construction products consist of substances which German Model Building Regulations, the following must be suitable for long-term use in buildings. Con- points are named under Point 2 - fire protection: struction types are also created from construction "The structure must be drafted and executed in such a products. Construction types assume an activity for way that, in a fire erection. The phrase "construction kits" is used in- a) The load capacity of the structure remains intact for creasingly in Europe. These construction kits, which a specific period of time; must consist of at least two construction products, are b) The creation and spread of fire and smoke are lim- also permanently installed in buildings and, like con- ited within the structure; struction types, must be continuously suitable. c) The spread of fire to neighbouring structures is limited; d) The inhabitants of the structure can leave the structure without injury or can be rescued through other measures; e) The safety of the rescue teams has been taken into account.

The resulting protection aims are comparable to those stated in German law.

1.3.1 European Construction Parts Regulation CE labelling and declaration of performance The Construction Parts Regulation (CPR) [5] took ef- According to the construction parts regulations, prod- fect in the whole of Europe on 1 July 2013 as a di- ucts installed in structures must perform according to rectly valid law. It replaced the Construction Parts the key characteristics. For example, fire protection Directive (CPD). The ordinance specified the trading products must have fire resistance classes and have and putting into circulation of construction products in a specific behaviour in the event of a fire. If the prod- the European Union and specified the rights and obli- ucts fulfil these requirements, then they will receive the gations of the affected actors. CE mark. The CE mark is essentially the "passport" for the construction product throughout the whole of Basic requirements for construction products Europe. It may be traded and installed in every mem- The regulations specify key characteristics for con- ber country of the European Union. Besides marking, struction products, which relate to the basic require- the manufacturers are obliged to provide a DOP (dec- ments for structures. The key characteristics are: laration of performance) for the product. The declara- 1. Mechanical resistance and stability tion of performance helps the technical planner in 2. Fire protection their selection of the suitable approved products for 3. Hygiene, health and environment their applications and fire protection requirements. 4. Safety and accessibility during use 5. Noise protection 6. Energy savings and heat protection 7. Sustainable use of natural resources BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Chapter 1 | General introduction 27 Chapter 1 | General introduction

1.3.2 Tests, approvals and standards The systems are tested in special testing furnaces, in However, before a construction product can be given which the sample installation on test is heated up ac- the CE mark, it must provide proof of the required per- cording to the standard temperature-time curve. It formance. This is tested in the known fire tests ac- forms the so-called "flash-over", which is the most criti- cording to the relevant standards EN 1363 [6] and EN cal phase of a fire. After the smouldering fire phase, 1366 [7] and classified according to EN 13501 [8]. all the combustible gases located in the fire chamber ignite suddenly, meaning that the temperature rises Note: very quickly. A solid matter fire is simulated. The in- Construction products tested according to national stalled installations must withstand this full fire. standards, e.g. DIN, NEN, BS, do not receive a CE Depending on the required classification, the test lasts symbol! between 15 and 120 minutes, usually in 15-minute steps. Comparison of fire curves Fire tests are carried out at the materials testing insti- Besides the standard temperature-time curve, there tutes to compare the performance of the fire protec- are various other fire course curves, e.g. for the simu- tion products and systems. To achieve comparable re- lation of tunnel or liquid fires. Construction products sults, a temperature-time curve is used, which is inter- and their construction types are tested according to nationally standardised according to ISO 834-1 [9] the STC, as solid matter fires can usually be assumed and used around the world for fire tests. It is also in normal buildings. termed the standard temperature-time curve (ETK).

Natural fire course - development of the testing temperature curve: Temperature

Time

Start of the fire Fully developed fire

Fire creation phase Start of the cooling phase

Flash-over

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

28 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Standard temperature-time curve (ETK) according to ISO 834-1 and DIN 4102 Part 2 [10] [10] 2 Part 4102 DIN and 834-1 ISO to according (ETK) curve temperature-time Standard Different fire course curves for testing purposes [11] purposes testing for curves course fire Different Fire room temperature (°C)

Time (min.) Time Δϑ minutes in Time t: : Temperature increase in Kelvin in increase Temperature : Chapter 1 | General introduction 29 Chapter 1 | General introduction

Comparison of classifications The abbreviations s (= Smoke) and d (= Droplets) After successfully passed tests, they are documented stand for the smoke development and the drip behav- by the testing institutes and the systems classified ac- iour of the substance. For example, s1 = low smoke cording to the results of EN 13501. In most European development and d0 = No burning drips of the materi- countries, the European classification reports can be al during defined testing time periods. used as a proof of suitability in conjunction with the manufacturer's mounting instructions. The properties and thus the performance of the construction product in the event of a fire is classified ac- However, some countries demand further approval cording to EN 13501-2 [12]. These values are reflect- documents. This can be applied for with the testing ed in the labelling of the construction products and documentation and classification report at an approval must be named in the manufacturer's performance office accredited by the European Organisation for declaration. Technical Approvals (EOTA). Materials are classified according to Table 3 in accordance with their fire behaviour.

Additional Additional requirement European classes accord- Class according Construction requirements requirement No falling or dripping of ing to DIN EN 13501-1 to DIN 4102-1 No smoke burning material A1 Non-combustible X X A1 A2 A1 - Minimum X X A2 - s1 d0 A2 Hardly flammable X X B, C - s1 d0 B1 A2 - s2 d0 Hardly flammable X B1 A2, B, C - s3 d0 A2 - s1 d1 Hardly flammable X B1 A2, B, C - s1 d2 - Minimum A2, B, C - s3 d2 B1 D - s1 d0 - s2 d0 Normally flammable X B2 - s3 d0 E - Minimum E - d2 B2 Easily flammable F B3 Table 3: Construction material classes according to EN 13501-1 [13]

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

30 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Table 4: Fire protection classifications and abbreviations according to EN 13501-2 Technical European ing to national standards cannot receive an ETA. accord- a tested Systems short). for requires (ETA Assessment regulation pean their Euro- theappropriate Here,purpose.the forsuitability confirms which regulations, products struction structures in con- the toaccording prooftechnical installed a possess must be to products Construction Proofs of application Table 5: Comparison of the labels according to EN and DIN (Examples) i i i i Maintenance of electrical function function electrical of Maintenance ducts Installation insulation Pipe insulation Cable/combination Installation C/U U/C U/U i - S V Indices 20...120 15, P I E R code Short ↔ ← → e h o o o o o (uncapped/capped) ends pipe of Closing (inside/outside) duration resistance fire the of direction Impact rate leakage smoke the of Limitation possible installation Vertical/horizontal minutes in period resistance Fire (power) tion func- electrical of Maintenance insulation Heat (Étanchéité) end Room capacity Load-bearing Description P 90 P (v 90 EI U/U 90 EI 90 EI 13501 EN to Classification systems Cable installations and components of ability resistance fire the of Description installations and components of ability resistance fire the of Description installations and components of ability resistance fire the of Description examples Application Pipe insulation Pipe ducts installation flaps, Ventilation flaps ventilation Doors, ducts installation flaps, Ventilation e h o i i ↔ o) The abbreviations after EN do EN after abbreviations The not name the component but component the name not the properties! the E 90 E I 90 90 R 90 S 4102 DIN to Classification Chapter 1 | General introduction 31 Chapter 1 | General introduction

1.4 Fire protection concepts 1.4.2 Handling deviations and compensations When planning a building project, it is important to es- The proofs of suitability, in conjunction with the decla- tablish which protection aims are actually required. Is rations of performance, help clients and planners in personal protection the key aim, e.g. in meeting selecting the approved construction products and sys- places, or is it protection of property? The possible tems for new buildings. The construction law regula- risks and dangers must be weighed up. tions are tailor-made for this. If planned correctly, the construction product with the required capability In Germany, a fire protection concept is required for should be installed. Should, during mounting, the the issuing of a construction approval for special erection engineer keep to the mounting instructions structures. and the manufacturer's specifications, the described performance is reached without deviations. Building Economic aspects work can take place according to the approval. It is wise to combine the maximum of risk reduction with the minimum of financial cost. For example, a The situation is different in existing buildings: Due to production facility in the chemical industry must be the structural situation, it is often not possible to install protected against failure for the sake of the operator, available fire protection systems according to the ap- though there is no public interest. However, the insur- proval. Here, the planner must define which protection ance companies may require special fire protection aim they wish to achieve with the measure. Deviations measures. from valid construction regulations or proofs of suitability are then documented in the fire protection con- 1.4.1 Planning and contents cept. Measures defined to compensate for deviations Fire protection concepts are used to view a building in and to achieve the protection aim are also a compo- its entirety and to record all the risks and dangers. nent part of the fire protection concept and also of the The protection aims for the building are derived from construction approval. these definitions. The consequence: Definition of special and general fire protection measurements and implementation of the same for the operation of the building. The most important basic principle is that safe, risk-free operation must be possible. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

32 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Interaction of all fire protection measures in a fire protection concept protection fire a in measures protection fire all of Interaction System fire protection Overall concept Overall Construction fire protec- Company-organised fire protection tion Combative fire protection Chapter 1 | General introduction 33 34

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Chapter 2: Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 1

2 Maintenance of the fire sections – protection aim 1 36 2.1 Components closing rooms – firewalls 36 2.2 Requirements for cable penetrations - insulation 36 2.2.1 Spacing regulations 38 2.2.2 Exceptions regarding fire-resistant walls 38 2.3 Proofs of usability 39 2.3.1 Tests 40 2.3.2 Classifications and certificates 41 2.3.3 Obligation to labelling 42 2.3.4 Documentation 42 2.4 Construction types of cable and combination insulation 42 2.4.1 PYROMIX® mortar insulation system 44 2.4.2 PYROPLATE® Fibre mineral fibre insulation system 44 2.4.3 PYROSIT® NG fire protection foam 45 2.4.4 PYROPLUG® foams 45 2.4.5 PYROBAG® cushion insulation 48 2.4.6 PYROCOMB® Tubes pipe sleeve 48 2.4.7 PYROCOMB® pipe sleeve 49 2.4.8 PYROCOMB® Intube pipe shell 49 2.4.9 Conlit® fire protection bandage 50 2.4.10 Small insulation PYROMIX Screed® 50 2.4.11 DSX insulation forming material 51 2.5 Applications and special applications 52 2.5.1 Assignment rule 52 2.5.2 Installations 53 2.5.3 Distances and support measures 54 2.5.4 PYROBAG® cushion insulation 56 2.5.5 Insulation in system floors and underfloor ducts 57 2.5.6 PYROLIQ® shipbuilding and offshore casting compound 59 2.6 Selection aid and OBO Construct BSS 60 2.7 Building in old buildings 62 2.7.1 Building stock 62 2.7.2 Ceiling types 63 2.7.3 Special solutions 64 2.8 Cable bandages 65 2.8.1 Benefits compared to coatings 67 2.8.2 Basic principle 68 2.8.3 Testing 68 2.8.4 PYROWRAP® Wet WLS cable bandage 69 2.8.5 PYROWRAP® Wet WB cable bandage 69 2.8.6 Distances to combustible materials 70 2.8.7 Special applications 70 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

35 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Firewalls prevent the spread of fire

2 Maintenance of the fire sections – protection aim 1 2.2 Requirements for cable penetrations - insulation The construction limitation of the fire to specific sec- Electrical cables and pipes may only be run through tions, so-called fire sections, means that the remaining walls and ceilings at the ends of rooms, although building sections are protected from fire for a specific there must be no opportunity for fire and smoke to period of time. The fire brigades can secure further spread. This requirement is fulfilled by insulation sys- building sections through extinguishing measures. tems. These permit the reliable sealing of the ceiling This helps to protect people and property. and wall penetrations required for installations against fire and smoke. In particular, insulation helps to maintain the fire sections, thus limiting the spread of fire and smoke. Special requirements The following requirements apply to cable penetra- 2.1 Separating components - firewalls tions with cable insulation: Function of firewalls Fire sections are created with firewalls. They are made • The spread of fire and smoke must be prevented of non-combustible substances and should ensure • Room closure must be guaranteed that a fire cannot pass to neighbouring buildings or • On the side of the insulation away from the fire, building sections. The construction design of these the surfaces of cables, pipes, cable support sys- firewalls - materials, fire resistance classes, stress val- tems and the surface of the insulation must not ues - is regulated by the appropriate building regula- heat up strongly to an impermissible level. tions and standards. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

36 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Ceiling and wall penetrations can be sealed reliably against fire and smoke and fire against reliably sealed be can penetrations wall and Ceiling Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 37 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Construction part (e.g. concrete, masonry)

Fire protection compound or mineral substance

Cable of various diameters

2.2.1 Spacing regulations 2.2.2 Exceptions regarding fire-resistant walls If only individual cables or small cable bundles are In fire-resistant walls (30 minutes of fire resistance), it run through fire-resistant components, they can be is possible to close off openings, through which ca- routed through individual holes with an appropriate bles are passed, with mineral wool (melting point > spacing. The individual holes must be closed off with 1,000 °C). Filling with mineral substances or sub- mineral substances or substances which foam up in a stances forming an insulation layer ensures smoke fire. In so doing, the greatest diameter defines the dis- protection. tance to the smaller cables. The risk of fire spreading does not increase. Individual cables without a diameter limit are permitted without insulation - a ring gap closure around the cable is sufficient. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

38 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 • • • • • • • • • • installation: and area application the for things, other among ria, crite-followingthe specifyapproval certificatesof The Contents of the approvals world, particularly in the USA and Canada. toANSI/UL1479 [14] isaccepted inmany parts of the according tested insulation The approved. and tested recog- internationally nised additional,standards, according to which such systems are are there 2009, in 3 Part stallations, resistancein-"Fire1366forteststestingENnorm the insulationanusedas system.becan that uctBesides prod-construction a as approval the of basis the are the over tests fire Thestandards. testing all of basis the on world institutes testing accredited or stitutes These tests. testsfirecarriedareofficialby out materials testingin- through re- proven systems be must insulation law by of quired application or effect The 2.3 Proofs of usability create the insulation Data on the manufacturer's duty to train people who Execution of a retroinstallation Sequence and type of installation systems, pipes) Approved installations (e.g. cables or cable support Materials to be used to create the insulation Minimum ceiling/wall thickness Minimum cable insulation thickness Maximum insulation dimensions concrete walls, etc.) General installation conditions (e.g. installation in Fire resistance class (e.g. EI 90 or F/T rating) – nuain, nrdcd n Europe in introduced Insulation", used in other countries accepting this standard. be also can systemsinsulation The CEN.dardisation, Stan- for CommitteeEuropean the of part a are tions organisa- standardisation whose states, member all in used be can 1366-3 EN standardEuropean the to accordingtested Systemsapprovals. national replace increasingly will tests, EN on based (ETA), Approvals EuropeanTechnicaltheyears,coming the addition,in ciationCantonalof FireInsurers Switzerland.VKFin In Asso- the approvaldocumentsof or [15] 9 Part4102 man"General construction approval" according toDIN Ger-thenationaldocumentsprooflikeability: assuch us- of proofs valid are documents various Currently,

Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 39 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Fire test on mortar insulation

2.3.1 Tests The installed installations must withstand this full fire. The testing of the insulation takes place in special test Depending on the required classification, the test will furnaces, in which the sample installations to be test- last between 15 and 120 minutes, usually divided into ed are heated up according to a standard tempera- 15-minute steps. In particular, the following are tested: ture-time curve. This curve is internationally standard- • Whether the escape of fire and smoke is prevented ised according to ISO 834-1 and used around the from the fire area, world for fire tests. It forms the so-called "flash-over", • and whether the surface temperature on the side of which is the most critical phase of a fire. After the the insulation away from the fire does not rise by smouldering fire phase, all the combustible gases lo- more than 180° Kelvin above the starting tempera- cated in the fire chamber ignite suddenly, meaning ture. that the temperature rises very quickly. This test always takes place under the worst possible installation conditions (e.g. lowest insulation thickness, largest insulation height or width). In addition to the temperature, the pressure conditions in the furnace are specified according to the standard. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

40 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Classification to (examples): are systems the and institutes testing the by mented docu- are results the tests, passedsuccessfully After 2.3.2 Classifications and certificates lose its room-closing function. insulation The not must and jet water brigade. the by destroyed be not must fire the by extin- attack an guishing to comparable is situation This insulation. the at pointed is jet water high-pressure a which ing ter jet test (the "Hose Stream Test") is carried out, dur- wa- a testing, During feature: special a possess ries) Laborato- (Underwriters Institute)/UL1479 Standards Systemstested according ANSIto (American National test stream Hose Table 6: Fire resistance classes and their abbreviations ≥ ≥ ≥ ≥ minutes in resistance Fire 120 90 60 30 S 120 S 90 S 60 S 30 S 4102-9 DIN E 120 E 90 E 60 E 30 E room of End 13501-2 EN I 120 I I 90 I 60 I 30 Insulation 13501-2 EN possible classifications of insulation systems. the of overview an from provides table following deviate The this. Laboratories) (Underwriters UL to ing for accord- Organisation Classifications (EOTA). European Approvals Technical the by accredited fice umentationandclassification approvalreportanat of- approval.Thisappliedcanbewith testingthefor doc- construction general a require countries some ever, How- instructions. mounting manufacturer's conjunction the in with suitability of proof a as used be can report classification this countries, European most In 13501. EN of results the to according e.g. classified, Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim EI 120 EI 90 EI 60 EI 30 EI Combination 13501-2 EN

d T 2 hr 2 T hr 1½ T hr 1 T hr ½ T Temperature UL for the test structure test the for pipe jet the of spacing Defined ing monitor- pressure with jet Water ing test- during jet water the of Path insulation wall of structure Test F 2 hr 2 F hr 1½ F hr 1 F hr ½ F room of End UL 41 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

2.3.3 Obligation to labelling Each piece of insulation must be permanently labelled with a sign. This labelling must contain the following information:

• Name of the builder of the insulation (installation engineer) • Head office of the installation engineer • Insulation designation • Approval number, issued by the accredited testing office • Fire resistance class • Year of manufacture

The labelling is necessary, on the one hand, to prove that an approved valid insulation system was used. On the other hand, it is used to identify the system for any later installations. The systems were constructed and tested using different materials and can prove the function of these special material combinations. If combined with other components which do not belong to the system, then this can have a negative impact on behaviour if there is a fire. This must be avoided. The requirement of the approval offices for user training courses is derived from this. The users should know the basic principles of construction law and be fully able to handle the insulation materials. Identification plate for insulation

2.3.4 Documentation According to the proof of usability, a declaration of There are requirements, for example, for a dust and fi- conformity must be completed for each piece of insu- bre-free installation, destruction-free retroinstallation lation installed. This certificate confirms that the in- and certain pressure resistances. Various cable, pipe stalled system corresponds to the conditions of the and combination insulation is available to close open- approval and that the installation engineer has com- ings in ceilings and walls with fire protection classifica- plied with all the specifications. The confirmation tion. These fulfil the necessary standards and possess should then be handed over to the client for presenta- the appropriate approvals. In addition, the number of tion to the construction authorities. In future, digital ap- systems tested according to the European standard plications will almost certainly replace documentation EN 1366-3 and UL (Underwriters Laboratories) is in paper form. growing.

2.4 Construction types of cable and combination in- Typical insulation systems consist of: sulation Mortar, mineral fibre plates with coating, fire protection Various components require appropriately suitable in- foam, single-component compounds, foams and fit- sulation measures. The selection of the matching insu- tings, boxes, silicones and special rubbery modules. lation system is dependent on various parameters. The application options range from solid walls and All the systems possess special fire protection compo- ceilings made of masonry and concrete through to nents and additives, which fulfil a safe function in the dry-construction partitions. The installations which can event of a fire in accordance with the testing standard. pass through can be made up of cables and cable support systems, combustible and non-combustible pipes or a combination of both. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

42 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 43 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

2.4.1 PYROMIX® mortar insulation system high level of substrate adhesion makes lining unnec- The PYROMIX® system from OBO is used to create essary for small insulation areas. The porous consis- cable and combination insulation made of a mineral tency of the mortar means that retroinstallation is fibre-free special mortar. Depending on the amount of easy. If there is a fire, the fire protection mortar reli- water added, the finished compound can be applied ably prevents the spread of fire and smoke. to openings by hand, with pumps or with presses. The

2.4.2 PYROPLATE® Fibre mineral fibre insulation cording to the construction approval, in addition to the system cables, pipes made of steel, copper or various plas- The PYROPLATE® Fibre system from OBO is used to tics may also be run through the same insulation. For create cable and combination insulation. The core of pipelines, additional fire protection measures, such as the system is the mineral fibre plate coated with a section insulation and pipe sleeves, are required. The moisture-resistant ablation coating. When there is a mortar or soft insulation made of PYROPLATE® Fibre fire, the fire protection coating creates an insulating is a combination insulation which is appropriate for di- carbon foam and, in combination with the mineral fi- verse structures. bre plate, prevents the spread of fire and smoke. Ac- BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

44 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 PYROPLUG ihu scin nuain my e u truh the through run be may insulation, section without and withcopper,and steel of madepipes andsleeve pipe a without pipes combustible cables, the to tion addi- in approval,construction the to According tion. insula- the through smoke and fire of penetration the reliablypreventsThisfoam. insulatingplastic an ating cre- build-up,pressuresignificant any withoutexpand blocksfoamthe fire, a is there Ifblocks. foamtection create cableandcombinationinsulationfromfirepro- without dust and fibres. Surface coating is not neces- not is coatingSurface fibres. and dustwithout installed be can system The checks. out carry to ed interrupt-be easilycan Workopening. the of out ning run- fromfoam substrate adhesionthepreventsgood nentfoam allows simple, "pinpointed" processing. The 2-compo- the of recipe special The foam. protection fire of made insulationcombination and cable create The PYROPLUG 2.4.4 PYROPLUG PYROPLATE The 2.4.3 PYROSIT ® Block foam blocks ® NG fire protection foam ® Block system from OBO is used to used is OBO from system Block ® ® G ytm rm B i ue to used is OBO from system NG foams be combined with the PYROPLUG can systeminsulation The simply.reassigned be can ossec, h islto md o PYROSIT of made insulation the consistency, soft the to Due units. different for insulation bination nuain ytm a b cmie wt the with combined be can PYROSIT system insulation andlaboratoryITple,in rooms. According ETA,tothe exam- great for important, a is which formation, without dust of anddeal simply created be can lations retroinstal-Necessaryfibre-free. and dust- completely rm n sd. h PYROPLUG place The take side. one can from opening the off the close all to then shaft,measures a in e.g. side, one from cessible ac- onlycomponent openingisthe insulation. Ifsame tion. The PYROSIT The tion. ous plastics may also be run through the same insulation to the cables, pipes made of steel, copper or vari- addi- in approval,construction the to Accordingsary. Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim ® NG fire protection foam. ® NG insulation is suitable as com- as suitable is insulationNG ® lc islto is insulation Block ® Block foam block. 45 ® NG Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

PYROPLUG® Peg foam plugs smoke through the cable insulation. The PYROPLUG® The PYROPLUG® Peg system from OBO is used to Peg insulation system can be used without difficulty in create cable insulation with fire protection foam plugs. areas of data processing and in laboratories, as The foam plugs are ideal for closing core drill holes in mounting is completely clean and is free of dust and solid walls and concrete ceilings. The foam plugs are fibres. This also applies to any necessary cable instal- made of permanently elastic, closed-pore foam, which lations at a later date. Special tools are not required expands in the event of a fire without any significant for processing, a knife is sufficient. pressure build-up, thus creating an insulating plastic foam. This reliably prevents the penetration of fire and

Boxes made of PYROPLUG® Box foam material expands in the event of fire without any sig- The PYROPLUG® Box system from OBO is used to nificant pressure build-up, thus creating an insulating create cable insulation with boxes made of foam. The plastic foam. This reliably prevents the penetration of system is particularly suitable for simple mounting of fire and smoke through the cable insulation. The us- cable insulation in lightweight partitions. No layering is able area of the boxes corresponds to the maximum required. Installation in solid walls and solid ceilings is approval cable assignment area of 60%. It is thus im- also possible and approved. The insulation system possible to over assign it with cables. consists of a two-part frame and two matching internal pieces. The permanently elastic, closed-pore foam BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

46 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 xad i cs o fr wtot n sgiiat pres- significant any without fire of case in expands is material madepermanentlyof The elastic, closed-pore foam, which plugs. matching two and a shell of pipe consists system insulation The partitions. duty light- in holes drill box in insulation cable for signed only consists of the one-componenttheconsistsonly of PYROPLUG filler It cm. 8 of diameter a to up insulations cable round ced I lgtdt priin, h epy ii pipe mini empty the partitions, light-duty In Screed. PYROPLUGOBO The PYROPLUG PYROPLUG OBO The Mini pipe shell for PYROPLUG ® Mini filler ® ® Mini system is ideal for small, for ideal is system Mini hl sse i seily de- specially is system Shell ® Shell box drill holes ® ltl asge. ny h rsda jit ms be must joints residualfilled with the filler. the Only assigned. pletely com- be may shells pipe these of interior The ering. shell of the PYROPLUGthe of shell possible, even at full assignment. not is cables withassignment over that ensuresshell pipe the and of diameter internal the to diameterexternal fire the of of ratio The insulation. penetration cable the through smoke the prevents reliably This surebuild-up, thuscreating insulatingan plastic foam. Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim ® Shell system is used as lay- as used is systemShell 47 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

2.4.5 PYROBAG® cushion insulation frequent retroinstallations. Additional cables can be in- The PYROBAG® system from OBO is used to created stalled quickly, neatly and economically at a later date cable insulation from fire protection cushions. The fire because the cushions can be used several times protection cushions, which can be shaped in any way, over. The cushions consist of a close-knit, dense and are stacked simply and quickly on top of each other, mechanically solid glass fabric with a special filling. allowing absolutely tidy and dust-free mounting. The The shell and the filling are free of mineral fibres and cushions can be used for permanent or temporary in- are also weatherproof and waterproof. Neither paint- sulation in walls and ceilings, e.g. during renovations. ing nor the use of filler are required. The fire protection cushions are an ideal solution for

2.4.6 PYROCOMB® Tubes pipe sleeve or are empty. In a fire, the fire protection material in- The PYROCOMB® Tubes system is used to create ca- serted within the seal foams up after a few minutes ble insulation with pipe sleeves. The system compris- under high pressure, closing the softened bundles at es multiple sizes of the pipe sleeve, type TCX. This al- a high pressure. This safely prevents the spread of lows simple insulation of bundles of plastic electrical fire and smoke, should a fire occur. installation pipes, rigid or flexible, up to a size of M63. It is irrelevant whether the pipes are filled with cables BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

48 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 otn. h cbe d nt eur ay otn. The ablation coating. any require ASX not do with cables The sealed coating. is surface the and seals with closed are sleeves pipe the Then hole. core the in mortar in beddedand pipe together clicked aresleeves half two this, For partitions. light-duty also and walls or ceilings solid in installed and be easily holes very can drill core for suitable particularly is shell pipe The shells. half or shells pipe withinsulation ble hs rvns h sra o fr ad mk safely, smoke and fire of spread the pipes. prevents plastic This soft the closing pressure, high under minutes few a after up foams seal the withininserted sleeves,typeTCX. fire,a Inthe fire protection material pipe the of up madeprimarily is It wastewaterpipes). sanitary (e.g. combustiblepipes for sealing pipe dent The PYROCOMBThe 2.4.8 PYROCOMB PYROCOMB The 2.4.7 PYROCOMB ® ® Intubesystemisusedtocreateca- ® ® ytm a b ue a indepen- as used be can system Intube pipe shell pipe sleeve system, 100% assignment of the interior is possible. hs aey rvne. ih h PYROCOMB the With prevented. safely thus is smoke and fire of transfer The completely.section cross- opening the closes doing, so shell in and, halfexpands the or shells pipe the of coating inner the fire, a In coating.ablation ASX with sealed and plugs protectionfire withside one onsealed is It area.floor under- the in well particularly used be can shell half ed rods and connected together. thread-passed-throughon fastened the are sleeves partitions, pipe light-duty In underside. the from seal tube a have only penetrationsCeiling with pipe anchors. metal wall the the of sides mounting, both on wall mounted are With sleeves occur. fire a should Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 49 ® Intube Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

2.4.9 Conlit® fire protection bandage ble EIPs with at least 3 layers. In a fire, the material The Conlit® system, consisting of the fire protection foams up and closes the opening cross-section. The bandage, type CL-KS, is used within buildings as ca- fire protection bandage is suitable for cable and elec- ble insulation for individual cables, cable and electri- trical installation pipe bundles up to 100 mm diame- cal installation pipe bundles (EIP). The flexible ban- ter. For many insulated pipes, no separation distance dage is simply laid around the installations and fixed between cables is required. The system insulates fire with a wire. Cable bundles and rigid EIPs must be sections for a period of max. 90 minutes. wound with at least 2 layers of the bandage and flexi-

2.4.10 Small insulation PYROMIX Screed® are sealed with the DSX insulation creator. If there is a Small insulation for cables is created using the fire, the filler foams up, preventing penetration by fire PYROMIX® Screed system. It consists of OBO's insu- and smoke. When the material foams up, heat is also lation forming material, type DSX, and the MIW miner- drawn from the cables, thus considerably reducing al wool. As the insulation basis, the opening is first the transfer of heat via the copper cores. filled using the non-combustible mineral wool (melting point ≥ 1,000 °C). Then, both sides of the opening BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

50 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 must befilledwithfireprotectionfilleralongtheentire routed cross-section small alongside a one another. The ring gap around the cable of cables multiple or individualcablesaroundgaps ring fill to used be can OBO from material forming insulation DSX type The 2.4.11 DSX insulation forming material via the copper cores. heat of transfer the ca- reducing considerably the thus bles, from drawn also is heat up, foams material the When smoke. up, and foams fire filler by penetration the preventing fire, a is there If thickness. wall Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 51 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Component opening

Installations

A maximum of 60% of the area may be assigned with cables, support systems, pipes, etc.

2.5 Types of application and special applications 2.5.1 Assignment rule The testing standards for insulation systems define the Classic insulation is created according to the so- standard application in walls and ceilings. In most called 60% assignment rule. This means, from the cases, the possible installations, electrical and sani- component opening through which the installations tary, are covered by the specifications of the standard. run, a maximum of 60% of the area may be assigned However, today, no two buildings are alike, meaning with cables, support systems, pipes, etc. The remain- that applications may occur which are not defined by ing area, the remaining 40%, must be filled with fire the standard. Such deviations from the standard can protection material which is "active" in case of fire or only be interpreted through surveys. Often, a report be closed off. In this case, "active" does not mean that from the manufacturer is sufficient here, as they are the material must react chemically. It must only ensure able to evaluate whether an insulation material can al- that the heat transmission via the media and the trans- so function with the appropriate deviation. However, in mission of fire and smoke are prevented. This can some situations it can happen that, due to the con- take place through chemical reactions, but also struction environment, a survey from an independent through good acceptance of the heat energy and the materials testing institute is required. For positive mea- resulting cooling effect. sures, these provide a surveyor's report for the appropriate construction project. This ensures that both the erection engineer and the operator of the building are then on the safe side.

Some systems can be "fully" assigned. However, they must be tested and approved for this application.

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

52 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 these together with through electrical cables. run be can pipes sanitary metal and Plastic insulations. combination so-called also are there but canbe mounted by any electrical installation engineer, which insulations cable pure are There various areas. cation with tested are specifieddifferentcoverappli-installations,toorder in systems insulation the All 2.5.2 Installations Cable support systems Steel electrical pipes Plastic electrical pipes Hollow shaft conductor Fibre-optic cables Cable bundle Cable pipes Bundle of plastic electrical system to system. from differ installations approved The (speedpipes). pipesbundled or cables shaft hollow e.g. cables, cial spe- for tested been has insulation some addition, In Hydraulic hoses Solarthermal cables Drink hoses Plastic pipes for wastewater Metal pipes with insulation tion cables Air-conditioning unit connec- bles Speedpipes for fibre-optic ca- al Ducts made of plastic or met- Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 53 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Spacings between the installations and to the component

2.5.3 Distances and support measures Besides the possible installations, the proofs of suit- Cable support system ability of the insulation systems also describe the requirements for how the installations should be arranged. Working spaces must be maintained which Metallic pipes with insulation

are the result of the arrangement of cable support systems to pipes and further installations during testing. This ensures that the passed-through cables and Sanitary pipe made of plastic with pipe pipes do not impact on each other. sleeve

Electrical installation

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

54 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 • • • • of steel cable support system are a good choice: components mounting support, and As load-bearingnon-combustible. be must used material The lation. definedspacing (d) in front of the surfaces of the insu- thepassed-through installations must be mounted at a chanicalloads.preventTo this, additional supports for me- to subjected be may insulation the and fail may systems support of fastenings reason, installa- this the For ontions. impact forces large fire, a is there If structures support of Examples Fire-tested anchors Mounting rails Profile rails with threaded rods Suspended supports with brackets Suspended supports with brackets Threaded rods with profile rails port of insulation. sup- they the for practice thatin themselves proven also meaning have functionality, electrical mainte- of the nance for tests fire the in proven was ponents com- above-named the of capacity load The approvals. the in exactly defined not are constructions The

Wall brackets with profile rails d Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim Wall/ceiling component ing to the approval First support at distance d accord- tem Installation, e.g. cable support sys- Insulation 55 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

2.5.4 PYROBAG® cushion insulation this is an advantage for cable ducts, which are usually The PYROBAG® system for cable insulation, made up subjected to particular optical requirements. The of fire protection cushions, is the ideal solution for in- cushions can be used for permanent or temporary insulation in PVC and metal cable routing ducts. The sulations in walls and ceilings. Additional cables can fire protection cushions, which can be shaped in any be installed quickly, neatly and economically at a later way, are stacked simply and quickly on top of each date because the cushions can be used several times other, allowing absolutely tidy and dust-free mounting. over. Neither painting nor the use of filler are required. As the cushions are only used within the ducts, the cable insulation cannot be seen from the outside – BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

56 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 rectly in the opening area. accessible wallopenings,insulationcanbeplaceddi- freely withtrunking open of case the In fire. ofspread smoke the theprevent to order in closure,fireproofand gas-tight is importance Of irrelevant. are the sockets to due directly reached pouredscreed. beThedistances between theconnection longer no can ing fromthe closest connection sockets, asthe wall open- taken. be must Screed-coveredunderfloor ducts measuresinsulatedare starting insulation period, tance underfloor If resis- fire a with walls floors.beneath run trunking and ducts raised and floors cavity - floors system so-called in installed be also must Insulation underfloor and floors ducts and system trunking in Insulation 2.5.5 required? insulation is When floors: system in Insulation Cellar floor Upper floor Upper Insulation required

Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim System floor Insulation required System floor System floor

User B User A 57 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

PYROSIT® NG fire protection foam pipes can also be foamed in for later retroinstalla- The fire protection foam of the PYROSIT® NG system tions. The good substrate adhesion prevents the foam can be used to create cable insulation quickly and from running out of the opening. Work can easily be easily in underfloor ducts. If, during an electrical in- interrupted to carry out checks. The system can be installation, underfloor ducts pass below walls classified stalled without dust and fibres. Surface coating is not for fire protection, then the ducts must be closed necessary. Due to the soft consistency, the insulation against smoke gas penetration and fire. With an open made of PYROSIT® NG can be reassigned simply. trunking system, the trunking cover is removed on The possibilities for using the PYROSIT® NG system both sides of the wall and the fire protection foam infor cable insulation in underfloor ducts and trunking serted. With a screed-covered underfloor duct, the fire are covered by surveyor's reports. protection foam can be inserted through the underfloor boxes on both sides of the wall. Empty plastic

PYROPLUG® Block foam blocks the fire protection blocks inserted. With a screed-cov- The fire protection blocks of the PYROPLUG® Block ered underfloor duct, the fire protection blocks can system are the ideal solution for cable insulation in only be inserted through the underfloor boxes on both underfloor ducts. If, during an electrical installation, sides of the wall. If retroinstallations are necessary, in- underfloor ducts pass below walls classified for fire dividual blocks can be removed simply or empty plas- protection, then the ducts must be closed against tic pipes inserted. The system can be installed without smoke gas penetration and fire in the area of the wall dust and fibres. penetration. With an open trunking system, the trunking cover is removed on both sides of the wall and BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

58 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 The PYROLIQThe PYROLIQ 2.5.6 PYROCOMB the of shell half The PYROCOMB ae, h islto cn ny e okd rm one from PYROCOMBcases,thesetheIn side. worked be only can insulation the cases, smokeprotection protectiondoorfireor door.mostIn the beneath insulation partial least at be must there then screed, poured with routes escapeexample, for cast in concrete and screed. If raised floors abut onto, or mortar with directlyinstalled be can insulation The areas. underfloor in insulation cable for suitable very compound a. h PYROLIQ The way. secure most the is cables casting Here,applications. conditions, offshore in and shipshipbuilding environmental industry, in as toughest such the under tion sistant. The proven fire resistance class A60 accord- A60 class resistance fire proven The sistant. fire-re- and water-tight gas-tight, is which compound, cableinsulation with a half shell can be used. The half ® Intube half shell ® system is used to create cable insula-cablecreate to used is system ® hpulig n ofhr casting offshore and shipbuilding ® ytm osss f casting a of consists system ® nue ytm is system Intube ® Intubesystem, f PYROLIQ of use theinsulation, modular withcomparison In mbar. tion iswater-tightupto2.5barandgas-tight30 by insula-Thesafety. of approvallevelhigh documentits GL DNV the and criteria testing maritime to ing etd Wt te PYROCOMB the With vented. compre- safely is cross-section smoke and fire opening of transfer The thepletely. closes doing, so innerfire,thecoatinghalfshellthe expands of a and,in of case In coating. any require not do cables The coating. ablation ASX with sealed is surface the and plug foam a with side one on closed is shell half the insulationfloor.Thenusingadhesiveareatheon tape the in positioned and cables the around laid is shell to use. work and the casting compound is very easy and safe assignment of the interior is possible. Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim ® os o rqie n mjr planning major any require not does ® nue ytm 100% system, Intube 59 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

2.6 Selection aid and OBO Construct BSS Construct BSS works on any computer with Internet OBO provides a selection aid, in order to help you access and simplifies the material calculation and se- find a suitable, approved insulation system for any ap- lection of the systems. After the basic data has been plication. An overview presents different installations entered, the user obtains an overview of the approved with the possible insulation systems, which fulfil the insulation systems, as well as of necessary and op- corresponding requirements. tional system accessories. Shopping lists can be created, edited and exported. The approval documents The online tools Construct BSS and the BSS app for can be reached via a link. insulation systems can be used to determine the right materials. With just a few questions, the user is guided The Construct BSS app contains the same scope of towards the solution to their fire protection problem function as the web application, simply in a mobile and the suitable system. version. The calculated materials can be summarised on the shopping list and sent via e-mail. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

60 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

Component properties Component Approved insulation system insulation Approved System overview System Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim Installations 61 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

2.7 Building in old buildings 2.7.1 Building stock The following applies to all old building ceilings and A large amount of the fire protection measures con- wall constructions made of special components (sand- cern existing buildings. Besides the installations, wich elements): Mounting of insulation systems is ap- which may no longer correspond to current rules, the proved when this kind of application is included in the building stock can cause a lot of problems during ren- approval. In conjunction with the construction authori- ovation. For example, the old structure of ceilings ties, systems can be used, which, according to the ap- mean that they cannot be assigned to a fire resistance proval, are approved for a similar application, e.g. class. To be able to perform an evaluation, the stock within a layer of non-combustible materials. must be inspected by statics engineers or construction experts. Only then can suitable fire protection However, before mounting, always obtain the approval measures be implemented as part of a concept. from the client, e.g. construction supervision or fire brigade. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

62 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 the fire protection concept. cording totheapprovalswhichisthendocumentedin ac- selected is insulationappropriate the Here, proof. insulationthewhythesecomponents in havea notdo de- not are is Thisceilings.wooden approvals,e.g. the in componentsscribed The approval. the con- to not form do but exist may systems insulation which manyInexisting buildings, canfindcomponentswe in 2.7.2 Ceiling types ceiling chamber Cavity ceiling protection fire without ceiling beam Wooden Cap cover Cap Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 63 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Insulation in existing ceiling as special solution

2.7.3 Special solutions The following applies to ceilings in existing buildings and to wall constructions made of special components (e.g. sandwich elements): Insulation systems, tested and approved for this application, can be installed. As these special tests rarely exist, insulation is used in accordance with the approvals, whose function is proven in layers made of non-combustible materials, e.g. in lightweight partitions. Before mounting, clarify the application with a surveyor. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 ude o rsn scin d nt un vr great a period of time and thus over limit the damage. burn not do sections rising or bundles cable Bandaged direction. vertical a in quickly most spread flames the as sections, rising are critical larly building.throughParticu-therunswhichwire", "fuse a representscablesrouted the of total the cases,many edmesh, which restricts cablea fire tolocala area. In coat- a withbandaged are systemssupport cable ing To prevent the fire expansion within fire sections, exist- 2.8 Cable bandages n E ts. hs dcmns ecie h proven the function. describe documents These test. IEC an of basis the on reports example, proof for are, Additionalcertificates approval. application an have also bandages cable the classification,material a Besides to regard this in differ those in other types of buildings. not do sector industrial the in components law for requirements constructionThe aims. protection fulfil to order in systems, and ings build-industrial in used also are bandagescable The Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 65 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Ablative coating Insulating crust

Intumescent coating Insulating carbon foam

Reaction of coating compounds

Before cable bandages were developed, (intumescent) substances creating an insulation layer or ablation coatings were used to coat cables and prevent the spread of fire. If there is a fire, substances creating an insulation layer for cable coating foam up without any major pressure formation, forming an insulating protective layer. Ablation coatings cool the materials around them in the event of a fire. The ablation coating PYROCOAT® ASX for cable and combination insulation is approved for this application. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

66 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 rvne. oevr te rain f hc black thick of creation smoke will also be inhibited. the Moreover, prevented. is fire theexpansion fastof ca- theand cannotignitebles the of insulation plastic The oxygen. dis- the thereby placing up, foams cables the faces that dages fire for ban-cable hard the ininsulatingmaterial upwards,the and particularly °C 150 of temperatures it At fire. the make fight to brigades and fire of sion expan- rapid the facilitate bundles cable Unprotected 2.8.2 Basic principle • • • • • • ing advantages: follow- the have bandages contrast, By pre- data. scribed the to corresponds thickness layer ensured dry be the mustthat it addition, In application. wet the of work major the is here problem The coatings. tion preven- fire given additionally are cables Frequently, 2.8.1 Benefits compared to coatings bandages cable of Use Surface is PU-coated and washable face Easy to mount thanks to differently coloured sur- ening straps (reusable) Simple retroinstallation through opening of the tight- Simple fastening and lock with tightening strap Dry routing sary dry layer thickness Mechanically applied coating guarantees the neces-

Cable bundle or cable support system Minimum bandage overlapping 5 cm Fixing of the bandage with a max. spacing of 50 cm

Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 67 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Testing of the cable bandage

2.8.3 Testing Fire protection bandages are subjected to a cable bundle test on a vertically arranged test body. This test is stored in the testing standard IEC 60332-3-22, Cat. A:2000 [16] and the identical EN 50266-2- 2:2001 [17]. A defined, approved burning height must not be exceeded during a period of 40 minutes.

Cutaway through the test body Structural principle, IEC test BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

68 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 f ie ti sfl peet te ped f ie i the cables. via fire of spread the prevents safely this fire, of Whenthe fire protection coating foams upinthe event flame-resistantmaterial according DIN13501-1.ENto highly a as DIBt the fromconstructionapproval has It oils.chemicalsvariousandinsensitiveto is which rial, weatherproofmate-a of made isbandage The fire. of spreadpreventthe toorder supportsystems,cable in orbundlescablelarge wrap to used be bandagecan protection fire The conditions. environmental special with areas in used is which bandage, protection fire h PYROWRAP The 2.8.5 PYROWRAP The PYROWRAP 2.8.4 PYROWRAP als. materi- plate with panelling or ceilings protection fire to compared solution economic only the presents ly evacuated.protectionfireHere,thebandage frequent- be must people more considerably if even accepted, is development smoke of risk residual the buildings, larger In evacuated.be must people of number small a onlyexpectedand be todevelopmentsmoke islow buildings, themounting cableabandageof permitted, smallis onlyas of routes rescue and escape the In the fire, both in vertical and horizontal directions. of spread thepreventing effectively fire, the of course the in involved not is material the outside, the from in e.g.in the case of a short-circuit. If there is fire coming stage, early an at tracks its in fire a stops which ing, coat- protection fire a possesses mesh The fire. a of spread theprevent to order insections, fire the within wraplargecablebundlestocablesupport or systems ® ® Wet FSB-WLS system can be used be can systemFSB-WLS Wet e FBW sse cmrss a comprises system FSB-WB Wet ® ® Wet WLS cable bandage Wet WB cable bandage

Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 69 Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim

Cable support system with small distance to roof cupola

2.8.6 Distances to combustible materials 2.8.7 Special applications With certain structure conditions, a distance (a) to the Special applications for the cable bandages can be combustible materials must be maintained. For exam- found in the fields of photovoltaics, wind power, tun- ple, if there is a fire, no smoke may enter in inflow air nels, shipbuilding or in existing buildings, e.g. in openings of ventilation systems. Combustible materi- wooden constructions in attics. Here too, the protec- als may not always be located near roof cupolas tion aim is: Prevent the spread of fires. Whether this is which can be opened. However, installations are of- for personal protection or system protection depends ten already there, meaning that the cable routes can- on the appropriate installation. not be changed. Here, only bandaging cables can help, in order to avoid ignition of the installations. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

70 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 additional work in the case of fire protection ducts. without possible not is which cables, installed viously pre- the ofroutebandages thethematchdoing, so In • • • cumstances or insufficient space: cir- local to due possible not are measures following Bandages are used in escape and rescue routes if the Use in escape and rescue routes offshore e.g. environments, aggressive in bandage the of Use firewall a over routed cables Bandaged Installation of a fire protection duct Panelling with plates ceiling Mounting of fire protection-classified suspended Bandaged rising section in the tower of a wind power plant power wind a of tower the in section rising Bandaged supervision or fire brigade. construction e.g. client, the from approval the always obtain mounting, before case, this In eco- option. last nomic the often is bandage cable fire the the behaviour, of proof the and function the of account On their to due installationsescapein andrescue routeskWh/m².0 = routes through rescue load Fire applies: following and The flammability. escape be not in although formally used combustible, may a they material, are flame-resistant, bandages cable As materials bustible com- many with areas in systems support cable Bandaged protection duct in escape and rescue routes. fore not be compared to the performance of a fire The effectiveness of the cable bandage can there- order to prevent fire expansion within fire sections. The cable bandages were originally developed in CAUTION! Chapter 2 | Maintenance of the fire sections - protection aim 71 72

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 protection aim 2 aim protection - routes escape and emergency of Securing 3: Chapter 3.6.4 3.6.3 3.6.2 3.6.1 3.6 3.5 3.4.2 3.4.1 3.4 3.3.9 3.3.8 3.3.7 3.3.6 3.3.5 3.3.4 3.3.3 3.3.2 3.3.1 3.3 3.2 3.1.2 3.1.1 3.1 3 3.6.9 3.6.8 3.6.7 3.6.6 3.6.5 Support systems for fire protection ducts in escape and rescue routes Versions Tests and proofs of application Cable routing in fire protection ducts Shielding with plate material OKA open trunking systems EÜK screed-covered duct system Installations in underfloor systems Existing systems Selection aid Pressure clips Grip M grouped supports GRM cable trays MKSM/MKS cable trays SKSM/SKS cable trays RKSM cable trays Tests and documentation Installation in false ceilings Installations in lightweight partitions Approved installation options Problem: Fire loads What is an escape and rescue route? Protection of escape routes Selection aid PYROLINE PYROLINE PYROLINE PYROLINE PYROLINE ® ® ® ® ® Rapid Con D Con S Fibre Optics Sun PV – protection aim 2 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2 73 101 97 96 96 94 94 93 92 92 91 89 88 87 87 86 85 84 83 81 80 78 77 76 75 75 99 98 98 97 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

In the event of a fire, escape and rescue routes are the central lifeline and must always remain usable. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 tack. at- ofpoint a brigadesasfire local the aidalsoroutes rescueandescape evacuation,the toaddition In risk. any without building the leave to used be can routes Theremust be aguarantee that, ifthere isa fire, these • • • rescue of building. These include: and escape Additional routes mayalsobenecessary,dependingonthetype route. rescue and escapeconstructive one least at with buildings equip to obligatory therefore is It fire. a in rescue of option the offer also which butsituations, normal in direction vertical and horizontal a in building the to access mit per-onlybuildings,not whichinroutes be must There 3.1 What is an escape and rescue route? and must always remain usable. lifeline central the are routes rescue and escape fire, a In fire. and smoke of free stay always must routes rescueescapeandfire, buildingaduring the of out ly by caused smoke arepoisoning. To be able to evacuate people fires safe- during deaths all of 95% Some 3 Protection of escape routes - protection aim 2 Escape and rescue routes with requirements for 30 or 90 minutes 90 or 30 for requirements with routes rescue and Escape Necessary corridors (horizontal access) wells and exits to the outside Connecting rooms between the necessary stair- Necessary staircases (vertical access)

EXIT 90 minutes of 90 minutes. resistance fire a withfire-resistant, be to designed be must air open the into exit be- the and staircase a tween vestibules the and Staircases minutes (flame-retardant). 30 least at is components surrounding the of periodresistance fire The fire. a of spread the vent pre- to order in materials, flame-retardant or bustible non-com- of consistinstallations i.e. fire, of free areas represent routes rescue and escape the principle, In Area to be protected (orange) in an escape route escape an in (orange) protected be to Area 90 minutes 90 minutes 30 minutes 30 minutes 30

Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes EXIT – protection aim 2 75 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

3.1.1 Problem: Fire loads However, there are exceptions here: The cables re- In the area of escape and rescue routes, an installa- quired for the operation of an escape and rescue tion must not pose an additional fire load. This re- route may be routed in the open. For example, a lumi- quirement must be fulfilled with the appropriate instal- naire in a corridor is made of combustible plastic. The lation types: short branch cable to supply the luminaire barely increases the risk of a fire and is thus approved. Even • Concealed installation spot fire loads, such as Wi-Fi routers or devices for • Use of non-combustible materials household and fire brigade radio, do not represent an • Installation above suspended fire protection ceilings increased risk. Spot fire loads do not contribute to the • Installation in underfloor ducts fire spread in the straight direction along the corridor. • Installation in fire protection ducts A massive volume of cables, routed openly in a corridor to supply other areas of the building, is not accepted. These installations make a considerable con- tribution to fire spread, as they run like fuse cords along the corridor. Systems tested and approved for fires must be installed here.

Fire load through installations in escape and rescue routes = 0 kWh/m² BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

76 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 • • • cape and rescue routes: es- in permitted are installations cable following The frequently been the cause of fires. sioningof the cables or damage to the insulation have Excessiveimproperheatingtodesigndimen-dueand dangerous. be not would in drawing during damage of avoidanceand fusescross-section,correct wire ed select- correctly a with installation electrical executed correctly a circumstances, normal Under etc. of pipes, layers insulation insulation, cable as such terials, combustiblema- ofignition the responsibleforalso is a which fire, is of cause #1 the installationis Electricity case. special electrical the - ventilation air-conditioning sanitation, and electrics, - meet networks ent differ- the all ofinstallations thecorridors, most in As, 3.1.2 Approved installation options ply of consumers mounted on this component Within light-duty partitions, however only for the sup- combustible plates plaster coverage or cover with 15 mm-thick, non- In solid components with milled slots, with 15 cm concealed Individual, also arranged next to one another, fully bustible components bustible non-com- with routing Open hind mineral plates mineral hind be- or plaster the in Routing rescue route. stallations in- above the false ceiling combustible from the escape and with areas the separate These ings. ceil- protection fire approved and tested using or tion insula- non-combustible with insulation the replacing panelling,metalthrough obtained be can Aid difficult. more things makes this insulation, combustible sess pos- they if However, etc. materials, cast and copper steel, of made pipesnon-combustible sanitaryample, ex- for with, role no plays routing open of option The used for fastening. are anchors steel Accordingly, used. be must (steel), materials non-combustible of made pipes, stallation in- electrical or ducts routing cable the fastening, For in practice. occur not do cables are such non-combustible.However, or corridors and rooms supply to used only are they if uncovered, installed be may cables Electrical Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes ducts or pipes steel in Routing – protection aim 2 77 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

Partition construction with plasterboard plates

3.2 Installations in lightweight partitions The recesses in the metal profiles are used to route Frequently, lightweight partitions in stand-off design cables. If switches or sockets are inserted in the light- are installed in escape and rescue routes. The walls weight partitions, then cavity wall sockets are used. are made of metal profiles, which are closed on both The cavity wall sockets may be used on one side with- sides with two sides of plasterboard of 12.5 mm thick- out special measures. The internal mineral wool may ness. Filling the interspace with mineral wool can be a be compressed to a thickness of 30 mm. Opposing fire protection or noise protection requirement. This installation in flame-retardant walls is not approved design fulfils fire resistance periods of at least 30 min- with standard cavity wall sockets. Here, special fire utes. protection cavity wall sockets are required, which have been proven to be tested for this application. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

78 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

stands. lightweightetsain partition, separated bymetal sock- wall cavity standard of installation Offset doors to nextwith side other the on installed ets, sock- wall cavity protection fire special of Use fire resistance.

tance. fire resistance. with partitionslightweight in sockets wall cavity standard opposing of installation Unapproved ity wall socketswallbesidesity doors Approvedinstallation opposingof standard cav- Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes without – protection aim 2 fireresis- 79 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

F30 ceiling with fire from below F30 ceiling with fire from above

3.3 Installation in false ceilings Only the following systems for electrical installations If corridors are used for the routing of the whole build- above suspended fire protection ceilings in the area of ing technology, suspended fire protection ceilings are escape and rescue routes: often used. If there is a fire, the systems, tested at the top and bottom for fire loads, safely shield the false • Routing systems for the maintenance of electrical ceiling areas created. If there is a fire in the cables in- functionality, tested according to DIN 4102 Part 12 stalled there, the escape and rescue route can still be [18] used. However, there must be a guarantee that the • Special routing systems, tested for fire protection suspended ceilings are not subjected to additional for this application mechanical loads through, for example, falling cables or parts of the support system. In addition, the fire protection ceilings protect the combustible installations Systems that maintain the electrical functionality have against a fire from below, preventing the fire from strictly regulated system parameters, which is why spreading along the corridor via the burning installa- they can only be used with restrictions for electrical in- tions. stallation in false ceilings. In order to offer practical installation options for intermediate ceiling mounting, proofs for special routing systems with high load capacities and their deformation behaviour in case of fire are available.

Escape route with false ceiling Systems for the maintenance of electrical functionality only carry BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 low loads

80 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 • • • • • The following [19].are tested, for example: 4 Part and 12 Part 4102 DIN to according out carried are tests fire sus- ceilings, protection above fire installationspended electrical for directives the practicaloffersolutionsconformantto able with be To tection ceilings. pro- fire above systems support of case the in ferent providers for these. However, the situation is rather dif- and manufacturers various are There standards. tion classifica- and testing relevant the to according ports possess often classificationre- ceilings)and reports constructiontest general 30 F or ceilings protection protectionSuspendedpropertiesfire(fireceilings with 3.3.1 Tests and documentation before... load mechanical high with tray Cable Cable systems for suspending cable trays Ceiling supports for ceiling mounting Pressure clips for ceiling mounting Grouped supports for wall and ceiling mounting ing Cable support systems for wall and ceiling mount- ...and after fire testing fire after ...and pliance of spacing distances to the false ceiling. com- on to e.g.execution,practical statements on make used be can results test The minutes. it 90 cases, be specialcan in but, minutes, 30 at set is resistance length fire the cases, most In area. ceiling false the insimulated then is fire full A perature-timecurve. tem-standardisedthe using out carried are tests The • • • are tested in case of systems fire: ceiling false for requirements following The requirement.Chapter 5 "Anchorings" deals this with this in more detail. to subject also are anchors tening fas- appropriate The required. are materials bustible All the systems are usually made of steel, as non-com- Deformation of the routing system Stability of the routing system High mechanical load Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2 81 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

There is no testing standard for installations above fire All the OBO routing types are tested in accordance protection ceilings and thus no classification is possi- with DIN 4102 Part 12. In so doing, the mechanical ble. Test criteria are the deformation of the support resistance above fire protection ceilings is investigat- systems, as well as possible falling due to heat. The ed and the deformation behaviour recorded. Fire test tests need not be carried out by an accredited testing reports of the Braunschweig Materials testing Institute institute but can, in principle, be carried out and docu- and test reports from OBO Bettermann document the mented by the manufacturer themselves. resistance and deformation behaviour of the routing variants, clearly proving the applicability of the sys- The manufacturer's documentation should contain all tems tested in this way. the relevant parameters, such as the maximum mechanical loads, support spacings, securing measures and deformation behaviour. Such a system then fulfils construction law requirements, e.g. those of the cable system directive. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

82 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 ie al, ah one udr h ciig ih two with ceiling the under mounted each rails, file pro- on tray cable the of support the is mounting ing prevent thembending to incases offire. furtherA option forceil- rod threaded a with ceiling the on cured se- additionally are brackets The brackets. with wall the on or ceiling the under mounted be can tray ble chanical stability of 30 minutes. The RKS-Magic The minutes. 30 of stability chanical me- proven a has system the fire, a In routes.rescue and escape of area ceiling false the ininstallation for suitable is system tray cable RKS-Magic tested The 3.3.2 RKSM cable trays

® ca- plemented. im- be also canmulti-layervariants thenaccount, into taken ceiling maintained false the are to spacings minimum testingthe and of proof the in listed widths RKS-Magic the of versions various the for testing of proof the in maintained.be Thisminimum distance documentedis must ceiling false the to distancesufficient fire, a of t even-the deformsin traycable the threadedAsrods. Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes ® al tas I te al las n tray and loads cable the If trays. cable – protection aim 2 83 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

3.3.3 SKSM/SKS cable trays If the cable loads and tray widths listed in the proof of The tested SKS-Magic® and SKS cable tray systems testing are maintained and the minimum spacings to are suitable for installation in the false ceiling area of the false ceiling taken into account, then multi-layer escape and rescue routes. In a fire, the systems have variants can also be implemented. A further option for a proven mechanical stability of 30 minutes. The SKS- ceiling mounting is the support of the cable trays on Magic® and SKS cable trays can be mounted under profile rails, each mounted under the ceiling with two the ceiling or on the wall with brackets. The brackets threaded rods. Even with this mounting variant, suffi- are additionally secured on the ceiling with a threaded cient distances to the false ceiling must be main- rod to prevent them bending in cases of fire. As the tained. A two-layer arrangement of the cable trays is cable trays deform in the event of a fire, sufficient dis- possible, providing that the approved tensile stress in tance to the false ceiling must be maintained. This the threaded rods is maintained in case of fire. minimum distance is documented in the proof of testing for the various versions of the SKS-Magic® and SKS cable trays. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

84 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 aiu vrin o te MKS-Magic the of versions various the for testing of proof the documentedin minimum is distance This maintained. be must ceiling false the to distance sufficient fire, a in deform trays cable the As fire. a of event the in bendingthemprevent to rod areadditionally secured theceilingon threaded witha brackets The brackets. with wall the on or ceiling the The tested MKS-Magic tested The 3.3.4 MKSM/MKS cable trays

Magic aproven mechanical stability of 30 minutes. The MKS- systemshave the fire, a Inroutes. rescueandescape of area ceiling false the in installation for suitable are trays. ® n MS al tas a b mutd under mounted be can trays cable MKS and ® and MKS cable tray systems tray cable MKS and ® n MS cable MKS and the threaded rods is maintained in case of fire. in stresstensile approved the thatproviding possible, main- is be trays cable must the of arrangement ceiling two-layer A tained. false the to distances cient suffi- variant, mounting this with Even rods. threaded two with ceiling the under mounted each rails, profile on trays cable the of support the is mounting ceiling multi-layer variants canalsobeimplemented.Afurtheroptionfor then account, into taken ceiling false the to spacings minimum the and maintained are testing proofofthewidthscableloadstraythelistedandin If Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2 85 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

3.3.5 GRM cable trays A further option for ceiling mounting is the support of The tested GR-Magic®mesh cable tray system is suit- the mesh cable tray on profile rails, each mounted un- able for installation in the false ceiling area of escape der the ceiling with two threaded rods. Even with this and rescue routes. In the event of a fire, the system mounting variant, sufficient distances to the false ceil- has a proven mechanical stability of 30 minutes. The ing must be maintained. A two-layer arrangement of GR-Magic® mesh cable tray can be mounted under the cable trays is possible, providing that the ap- the ceiling or on the wall with brackets. The brackets proved tensile stress in the threaded rods is main- are additionally secured on the ceiling with a threaded tained in the event of a fire. rod to prevent them bending in cases of fire. As the mesh cable tray deforms in a fire, sufficient distance to the false ceiling must be maintained. This minimum distance is documented in the proof of testing for the various versions of the GR-Magic® mesh cable tray. If the cable loads and tray widths listed in the proof of testing are maintained and the minimum spacings to the false ceiling taken into account, then multi-layer variants can also be implemented. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

86 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 ne te eln. h pesr cis r md of made are clips pressure The ceiling. the under mountedare Theyminutes. 30 mechanicalofstability Inthe event ofafire, the pressure clips have aproven routes.rescueandescape of areaceiling false the in installation for suitable are clips pressure tested The 3.3.7 Pressure clips without easily closed and opened be sheet can of and madesteel are supports grouped The wall. the minutes. They can be mounted under the ceiling or on 90 to 30 sup- of stabilitymechanical groupedproven a the have ports fire, a of event the In routes. cue installationthefalsein ceiling areaescapeof andres- for suitable are supports grouped M Grip tested The 3.3.6 Grip M grouped supports itself unintentionally. opening from lock the prevent cablesinstalled the of weight and support grouped the of construction The locking.simplethrough closed are supportsgrouped the Then,routing. cableduring open remainsupports the insertion, cable simple allow To tools. of use the of damage to the cables. The side. the edges fromofthe clip are sloping toexclude thepossibility in pushed cables without the downwards and tools bent simply are clips pressure sprung,rustproof steel.Forinstallation, thehipstheof Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2 87 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

3.3.8 Selection aid You can choose between the following when selecting the suitable system for fireproof fastening of large cable loads:

• Determine the cable volume • Determine the required space • Specify the distances to the fire protection ceiling • Select the routing system

With a small amount of cables, this produces the selection of grouped supports, pressure clips and ceiling supports. For high cable loads cable support systems are used.

The basic data was determined in the fire tests. This data allows the design of various variants if, for example, there is no mounting space available at the side or if deformation should be re- stricted further.

Two layers Symmetrical Two trays on top of each other on both sides on one bracket

Height available Low height available No height available

Deformation "a" smaller than base Deformation "a" smaller than base Deformation "a" smaller than base

Side space requirement ↓ Side space requirement ↓ Side space requirement ↓ Distance "a" ↓ Distance "a" ↓ Distance "a" ↓

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

Use of the variants

88 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 systems:Were steel components supportandsteel anchors used existing which the in check used to were importantcomponents is it systems, existing In 3.3.9 Existing systems a fire. slippageventexcessiveor deformation eventof the in pre- to sufficient be will points fastening extra of tion addi- the that possible is It used. be can systems ing exist-requirementsbasicthethesefulfilled,then are If tested systems? the of those comparabletospacings support the Are together? screwed trays cable the Are consistently? ufl h rqieet fr h mitnne of maintenance electrical the functionality! for requirements the not fulfil do systems ceiling false Tested CAUTION: Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2 89 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

EÜK screed-covered duct system

OKA open trunking system BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

90 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 n te ulig Rie for, lo hs ue for used those also floors, Raised building. the ing enter- when floor the throughfalling from the brigade fire of teams rescue the prevent to intended is This ture musthaveafireresistanceperiodof30minutes. struc- support the mm, 500 than greater height a of requirements room.assignedraisedWiththearefloorfloorsto fully protection the beneath installed fire loads fire The them. few on placed have only system floors routes, escape and emergency the Outside (right) floor raised (left), floor Cavity floors: system of Definition ments for the system floors. protectionfirerequire- subjectto bebuildingmay a of in systems underflooremergency andescaperoutes.However,otherrooms of installation the with marily pri- deals and directivesystems cable the to plement sup- a as regarded be should It systems. underfloor in measures protection fire for applies [20] SysBöR) (M- Directive Floors System Sample the Germany, In of supply and disposal lines. forinstallations fordata andpower supply forallkinds used be can layercarrier the undercavity Theerings. cov- floor the on routed are whichlayer, carrier a and sub-construction a a of consist with which design, constructions modular floor are floors System system floors. in routed frequently are systems Underfloor 3.4 Installations in underfloor systems

made of screed with a cavity clearance of up to 200 mm Jointless cast support layer ings are permitted in these areas. open-inspectionrequirements.Onlycertain fulfil must escape ductselectricalsupplyenergy,theseto hereused are and emergency systems underfloor If used. are most floors poured routes, In structure. stand a on plates supportprefabricated of made are floors raised mm, 200 of cavity maximum a with screed, of Whilst cavityfloorshaveapouredsupportlayermade directive floors distinguishes system between cavity floors and raised Thefloors. stairwells. safety in den forbid- are floors System rooms. other and corridors necessary the in as well as air, staircases open the to exits and necessary between rooms in staircases, System floorsareprimarilyapprovedinthenecessary id ut esr ta te ie n soe cannot smoke and fire spread the unimpeded in the raised floor. that ensure ducts fied classi- these fire, cable a is there If ducts. protection fire in floorraised thebeneath routed are cables tion, installa-electricalthethrough fire of risk theminimise To system.ventilation the off switch must These tors. room ventilation, must be equipped with smoke detec- Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes Prefabricated system floors, consisting of support plates and stands – protection aim 2 91 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

EÜK screed-covered duct system

OKA open trunking system

3.4.1 EÜK screed-covered duct system The screed-covered duct system is suitable for all Raw floor screed types in all routing types, also in hot screed. The electrical installation ducts form a tight, hidden cable routing grid in the screed. Underfloor sockets al- Insulation

low the expansion with device installation units and access to the electrical installation.

3.4.2 OKA open trunking system Floor The electrical installation trunking can be adjusted to the millimetre to the upper edge of the screed. OKA trunking is suitable for screeds in all routing types, Duct, screed-covered

with the exception of heated screed. The benefit when changing the use of the room: The screed-flush electrical installation trunking can be opened along their entire length, allowing flexible cable routing. Depending Underfloor box on the screed height, device installation units are either installed in the trunking route or in extension units which are mounted at the side. Open trunking

The EÜK underfloor ducts and the OKA open trunking fulfil the fire protection requirements for escape and rescue routes: They close tightly and possess non-combustible covers. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

92 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 struction test report of a materials testing institute. must constructions possess Theseproof ofusability. Often, this isageneral con- site. construction the engineerson insulation and engineers drywall by done Thisshielding involves large amounts workof which is plates. the within fire againstsecured areinstallations mechanicalnobe loadplatestheon meaning thatthe mustbuildings.However,thereold in commonlyused is mounting of type This plates. protection fire by ed surround-issystem supportcableentire example,the For material. plate special with installations shield to is loads fire of encapsulationfireproof for option One 3.5 Shielding with plate material

Fastening against kinks Plate material Installation Escape route with lined cable support system support cable lined with route Escape

Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2 93 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

3.6 Cable routing in fire protection ducts 3.6.1 Tests and proofs of application Fire protection ducts are particularly suitable for instal- Fire protection ducts are tested in an independent ma- lations in escape and rescue routes. The ducts offer terials testing institute. The electrical cables are protection against the effects of a cable fire, in which burned within the duct. During the entire classified a lot of very dense, black smoke is created. They are time specified by the testing standard, neither fire nor available in various designs as smoke may escape from the duct system. Cable exits • Metal duct with linings made of calcium silicate or are also tested. In this manner, it is possible to prove mineral wool plates that the fire load is effectively encapsulated in the duct • Metal duct with intumescent inner coating and that the fire protection duct offers secure protec- • Prefabricated, stable lightweight concrete ducts tion of escape and rescue routes against the effects • Self-build ducts made of non-supporting, coated of a cable fire. mineral fibre plates • Self-build ducts made of silicate plates In Germany, fire protection ducts for use in escape and rescue routes are classified as I ducts according to DIN 4102 Part 11 [21]. There are I30 (fire-retar- The dimensions of the variants are dependent, on the dant) to I120 (fire-resistant) versions. According to the one hand, on the construction, but, on the other, also European Classification Standard EN 13501, ducts on the fire resistance class they must fulfil. can have the properties EI 90 (i↔o) (see Chapter 1). Here, "i↔o" stands for the flaming direction: Tested and approved with a fire load from the interior to the exterior and vice versa. The applicability is again documented in a test report, a classification report from a material testing institute or a European Technical Eval- uation.

Escape route with fire protection duct BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

94 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 ing coat- inner intumescent with duct Metal plates fibre mineral with duct Metal fire protection duct lined with plates. Space requirement with the same usable cross-section: Comparison between a coated metal duct and a

weight concrete weight light- reinforced fibre-glass of made Duct connection blunt plates; silicate calcium with duct Metal Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes groove and tongue with connection plates; silicate calcium with duct Metal protection plates protection fire of side construction on made Duct – protection aim 2 95 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

3.6.2 Versions 3.6.3 Support systems for fire protection ducts in The PYROLINE®fire protection ducts are available in escape and rescue routes various versions and classification combinations. Support systems for fire protection ducts in escape and rescue routes must carry almost only the cable All the cables are approved according to DIN 4102 and duct weight. Neither the support systems nor the Part 11 as the escape and rescue route ducts for the anchors used come into contact with the high temper- encapsulation of the fire load. The lightweight con- atures if there is a fire. The cable fire occurs within the crete ducts BSK (H) 09 and BSK 12 were tested and duct. For these reasons, the load capacity values of approved for the maintenance of electrical functionali- the "cold" state are completely sufficient. It is still wise ty to DIN 4102 Part 12. to use fire-tested mounting systems and anchors, as they form part of safety-relevant systems.

Classification as an escape route duct

Classification for the maintenance of electrical functionality

t Time in minutes BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

96 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 blecablefire.This means thattheescape andrescue capeandrescue routes against theeffects possi-aof ad sot ad errssat Te OBO The wear-resistant. and PYROLINE smooth hard, alclass A1), have acompacted surface, which isthus protection fire The non-combustibleclassedplates,whichareas (materi- frost. and water to resistant are which plates protection fire concrete light fibre-glass ThePYROLINE 3.6.5 PYROLINE PYROLINEOBO's 3.6.4 PYROLINE cable routing duct. The fire protection duct can be in- be canprotection duct fire The duct.routing cable 80 Rapid standard the matches shape The 120. I to 30 I classes the for duct route escape an as proved ae n rsu rue rmi fe fo fr and PYROLINE fire The from free smoke. remain routes rescue and cape es- the that means This spread. fire the ofprevention safe and encapsulation load fire active provides this fire, a contouris there If closing coating. interiorintumescent lid an and profiled a with steel sheet from ® Con D is used as an I duct to protect es-protectto duct I an as used is D Con ® Con Dfire protection duct consists of ® ® Con D Rapid ® Rapid fire protection duct is made protectionis ductfireRapid ® ai i tse ad ap- and tested is Rapid pered over, as required. require- to ments.Thefireprotection ducts according canbepainted pa-or on-site flexibly and simply ed creat- beceilings. Possiblynecessarycanfittingsand walls on directly mounted is duct protection fire circuits. The safety-relevant the of functionality electrical hr ae lo o ce ed i te neir f the of interior ducts, the meaning that cables cannot in be damaged. ends prefabricated. screw no are also are components There the All lids. gaged en- from away load cable the keep brackets special as possible, is mounting overhead Even suspension. for used be also canconnectors The bonding. tential easilyinthe base, simultaneously creating the equipo- engaged be can lids Thepossible. also is ceiling the wallbrackets oron asupport system suspended from Mountingceiling.on the or wall the ondirectlystalled ut PYROLINE duct, routesremain freefrom fire, smoke andheat. E Asan Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes ® o D los h mitnne of maintenance the allows D Con – protection aim 2 97 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

3.6.6 PYROLINE® Con S circuits. The fire protection duct can be installed on The PYROLINE® Con S fire protection duct, like the wall brackets or on one of the support systems sus- PYROLINE® Con D, consists of fibre-glass light con- pended from the ceiling. Mounted connectors permit crete fire protection plates which are resistant to water quick connection of the duct sections in situ, while and frost. The OBO PYROLINE® Con S is used as an I loosely placed covers permit quick inspection and re- duct to protect escape and rescue routes against the assignment. The duct allows elegant avoidance of ob- effects of a possible cable fire. This means that the jects from other areas such as heating, ventilation and escape and rescue routes remain free from fire, sanitary applications. smoke and heat. As an E duct, it allows the maintenance of electrical functionality of the safety-relevant

3.6.7 PYROLINE® Fibre Optics Optics fire protection duct is mounted directly either The PYROLINE® Fibre Optics fire protection duct is on solid walls and ceilings. Possibly necessary fittings used to install and route fibre optic cables. It is used can be created simply and flexibly on-site according as an E duct for the maintenance of electrical func- to requirements. A second variant of the PYROLINE® tionality (class E30–E90) according to DIN 4102-12. Fibre Optics fire protection duct is installed on wall PYROLINE® Fibre Optics consists of fibre-glass light brackets or on a support system suspended from the concrete fire protection plates, which are resistant to ceiling. Mounted connectors permit quick inspection water and frost. The fire protection plates, which are and reassignment. The fire protection ducts can be classed as non-combustible (material class A1), have painted or papered over, as required. The minimum a compacted surface, which is hard, smooth and approved bend radii for fibre optic cables can easily wear-resistant. An ablation coating is applied to the in- be maintained in the fire protection ducts. ner sides of the fire protection duct as additional heat insulation in the event of a fire. The PYROLINE® Fibre BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

98 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 ThePYROLINE 3.6.8 PYROLINE tion, it meets the requirements of the VDE applicationVDE therequirements ofthe meets it tion, installationsemergencyin andescape routes. addi-In cable for 11 Part4102 DIN according ductto I an as requirements the fulfils duct the addition, In voltages. surfaceensures protection againstdangerous contact non-conductiveits fire, a photo-is there If cables.DC voltaic of routing fireproof for duct protection fire al ® SunPV fireprotection ductthe iside- ® Sun PV rtcin lts nncmutbe mtra class material A1), meaning that it is suitable for external (non-combustible, areas. plates protection suspended fire concretelightweightfibre frost-resistant glassand that mean water of made is duct Thepossible. also ismounting armatures connection ate stalleddirectly on the wall or the ceiling. The appropri- in- be can protectionduct fire 2100-712.The AR rule Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2 99 Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2

BSKM I duct

70 x 40 110 x 70 250 x 100

BSK09 I/E duct Internal dimen- BSKH 09 I/E duct Internal dimensions sions 60 x 50 60 x 50

110 x 50 110 x 50

210 x 50 210 x 50

160 x 105 160 x 105

260 x 105 260 x 105

BSK 12 I/E duct Internal dimen- Internal dimensions sions 60 x 50 160 x 105

110 x 50

260 x 105

210 x 50 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

100 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 the capacity is at to the forefront. dimensions external the of ratio the decision, this existingneedthepaidbetoto installation space: With may attention Here, size. duct appropriate the select determiningAfterexpected thecablevolume,can you • • • • tem, the following questions sys- must be asked first: duct protection fire suitable the selecting When 3.6.9 Selection aid Table 7: Selection aid, fire protection ducts Protection against the effects of cable fires for safe use of escape and Maintenance of the electrical supply to safety-relevant systems if there PYROLINE® Fibre Optics Fibre PYROLINE® Optics Fibre PYROLINE® - D Con PYROLINE® S Con PYROLINE® - D Con PYROLINE® duct protection Fire PYROLINE®Rapid - D PYROLINE®Con S PYROLINE®Con - D PYROLINE®Con PV PYROLINE®Sun duct protection Fire systems? Are the routed cables DC cables for photovoltaic a manner that is protected against fire? Are they fibre optic cables, which must be routed in electrical system against a fire? Must the duct protect the cables of a safety-relevant the effects of a cable fire? Should the duct protect the escape route against Maintenance of the electrical supply Escape and rescue route BSKM... 12... BSK 09... BSKH 09... BSK 0406 BSKP Type is a fire on the outside Fibre Optics Fibre PYROLINE® 0808 BSKF 12... BSK 09... BSKH 09... BSK Type rescue routes 90 90 30 [minutes] "I" Class 120 120 90 90 90 30 30 [minutes] "E" Class Direct Mounting Direct Mounting used to protect the cables against cables the protect to used years, they have increasingly been increasingly have they years, ducts are used in escape and res- and escape in used are ducts Suspended Mounting Some 90% of the fire protection fire the of 90% Some Suspended Mounting cue routes. However, in recent in However, routes. cue Chapter 3 | Protection of escape routes fires from the outside. the from fires "E" Class - duct the outside Fire "I" Class - duct the in Fire – protection aim 2 101 102

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 relevant electrical systems systems electrical relevant safety- for supply electrical the Maintaining 4: Chapter 4.8.2 4.8.1 4.8 4.7 4.6.2 4.6.1 4.6 4.5.6 4.5.5 4.5.4 4.5.3 4.5.2 4.5.1 4.5 4.4.3 4.4.2 4.4.1 4.4 4.3.5 4.3.4 4.3.3 4.3.2 4.3.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4 Solution options Unsuitable components Limits of maintaining electrical functionality Exceptions to maintaining electrical functionality Effective support LG/SLM/SLS rising sections Special features of vertical routing Cable load per layer Difficult installation situations FireBox connection technology Individual routing systems Cable-specific routing types Standard support constructions Systems with maintenance of electrical functionality with cable support systems Support systems for fire protection ducts in maintaining electrical functionality Systems with maintenance of electrical functionality with fire protection ducts Classifications and certificates Cables Fire tests Testing and classification standards Definition of a cable system Cable systems with integrated maintenance of electrical functionality Tasks of maintaining electrical functionality Where is the maintenance of electrical functionality required? Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems PYROLINE PYROLINE ® ® Con D/S Fibre Optics Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 − protection aim 3 3 aim protection − protection aim 3 103 137 136 136 134 133 132 130 128 128 127 124 120 115 115 114 114 114 113 112 108 107 106 106 106 105 104 104 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

4 Maintaining the functionality of safety-relevant 4.1 Where is the maintenance of the electrical sup- electrical systems − protection aim 3 ply required? If there is a fire, escape and rescue routes must re- Technical equipment that maintains the electrical func- main usable and important technical equipment, such tionality is required for the following buildings and ar- as emergency lighting, fire alarm systems and smoke eas: Hospitals, hotels, restaurants, tower blocks, meet- extraction systems, must continue to function. In addi- ing places, shops, closed indoor car parks, metro sys- tion, certain technical systems must support the fire tems, the chemical industry, power stations and tun- brigades in fighting fires for a sufficiently long period nels. These buildings are frequently visited by large of time. To guarantee the power supply, meaning numbers of people, creating an increased safety risk that the electrical functionality is maintained with the for gatherings of people. However, with certain sys- technical equipment and systems if there is a fire, the tems, property and the environment must also be pro- appropriate installations must be equipped with spe- tected. cial cables and routing systems.

The requirement for electrical installations that maintain the electrical functionality is a component part of the construction regulations. Maintaining the electrical functionality only relates to those areas which provide the power supply to safety-relevant electrical systems, such as emergency lighting, alarm systems, fire alarm systems, automatic extinguishing systems, smoke extraction systems, etc. Here, the regulations require that the power supply must be guaranteed for a specific period of time, even if there is a fire. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

104 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 • • • • • must be guaranteed for the following units: supplyelectrical the maintenanceof the time, this ing Dur- building. affected the clearing when role portant im-anplayfire a minutesofstart30 theafterfirstThe rescue and a safe evacuation. for supply electrical the of Maintenance minutes: 30 tionality achieve func- electrical ofmaintenance the should What 4.2 Smoke extraction systems Alarm systems and systems for issuing instructions Fire alarm systems Lifts with fire control Safety lighting systems Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

• • • • • building. This equipment includes: powerminutes90or60for afterfirebreaksa a outin sufficient with supplied is equipmenttechnical certain that imperative is it operations,firefighting support To ality for effective firefighting and difficult evacuation 60/90 minutes:Maintenanceoftheelectricalfunction- Bed lifts in hospitals and similar equipment Fire brigade lifts protection pressure systems Mechanical smoke extraction systems and smoke ply Water pressure increase systems for fire water sup- Automatic extinguishing systems 105 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

Cables with integrated maintenance of electrical + Routing systems functionality = Cable system with integrated maintenance of electrical functionality according to DIN 4102 Part 12

4.3 Cable systems with integrated maintenance of 4.3.2 Testing and classification standards electrical functionality There is currently no European standard on the main- 4.3.1 Definition of a cable system tenance of electrical functionality, but there are some A cable system with integrated maintenance of electri- national test regulations, e.g. according to PAVUS in cal functionality is, according to DIN 4102 Part 12, the the Czech Republic. The most widely spread and ac- combination of the routing system (cable ladder, cable cepted is testing according to DIN 4102 Part 12. tray, etc.) and special cables. Work is currently being carried out on the European standards. The appropriate proofs of suitability are issued on the basis of this standard.

In future, safety cables and support systems will be inspected separately, so that components can be combined which have the same maintenance of electrical functionality class. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

106 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Furnace at a testing office testing a at Furnace tionality func- electrical maintains that system cable a of structure Test Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 ing the required testing time. dur-conductorbreaksshort-circuitsthroughcablesor of e.g. the of failure cables,No is: criteriontest TheJE-H(St)H. types telecommunications and data for V are 110 voltagesNHXH,ande.g.types,cablepower the for V 400 test The safety. sufficient with it above cross-sections the all covers institutes, testing the all between agreement to largest subject the which, for cross-section, chosen is copper of and mm² 50 smallest cases, the most test, In tested. are cross-section wire desired largest a in range a cover cross-sectional to order In used. are type same the of cables testing two standard, the to According support systems. the on routed are cables The oven. special a in installed is and mm 3,000 least at of length ing test- system,cableahave mustthebody,i.e. test The agency. testing materials fire independent an a by out by carried test, obtained be must material installation cal Theproof ofthe maintenance offunctionality ofelectri- 4.3.3 Fire tests 107 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

Safety cables before...... and after fire testing

4.3.4 Cables role to play. There are two construction types: The ca- If there is a fire, the cables are subjected to extreme bles possess a special coil around the copper con- loads from flames and heat. Nevertheless, cables ductors made of glass silk or mica tape. If there is a used for a safety installation must be able to withfire, then the cable insulation burns completely, creat- stand temperatures of up to 1,000 °C and higher for ing an insulating layer of ash. This is kept together by a specific period of time, without there being a short- the coils and ensures that the copper conductors are circuit of the copper conductors. As the copper con- kept apart and that no short-circuit of the support sys- ductors may begin to anneal at these extreme tem- tem can occur. More modern cable types use special peratures, thus impairing their own mechanical stabil- ceramising plastic insulation instead of the coils. The ity, the support system serving as a "support corset" main component of the insulation is aluminium hy- has a special significance. droxide, which forms a soft ceramic sleeve when it burns. This creates the desired insulation of the wires Due to the temperature development in the cable, in carrying current, both between each other and natu- the case of cables that have integrated maintenance rally also to the support system. of electrical functionality, the insulation has a special BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

108 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 ucinlt o cbe ytm ad ny ple to applies only and small wire cross-sections. systems cable of functionality maintenancetheelectrical ofof testconfused the with be circumstances, any under not, may maintenance" "insulation of test This drop. may wires individual the monitoring fuses the of none time, this During minutes (VDE). 180 or (IEC) minutes 90 of period a for °C 750 least at temperatureconstantof a at flamingrect and-13 [23]. Here, cable samples are subjected to di- ingto DIN VDE 0472-814 [22] and IEC 60331-11, -12 accord- criterion testing a is time" impact "flame The tionality for 90/180 minutes" but for "Flame exposure". func-electrical"Maintenance of for 180". stand not do be They "FE and 90" can "FE abbreviations which the by caused here, misunderstandings many are there However, process. special tempera- a in the tested is resist tures, can cables the around sulation in- the long how maintenance,insulationSo-calledi.e. Insulation maintenance cable a on maintenance insulation the of Testing ≥750°C Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 U utvt acrig o N 06-, 3 2] IEC / [24] -3 50267-2, 60754-2 [25]. EN to according con- theductivity and value is pH the of measurement This and rial combustion. on gases proventhroughcombustiontheinsulation the of mate- fire corrosive any neithertainchlorine, bromineform fluorine,notnordo manufactured always are con-materials,whichhalogen-freeTheseplastic. from They fire. a in behaviour functionality are ranked amongst cables with improved electrical of maintenanceintegrated have that Cables Cables with improved behaviour in case of fire rial mate- insulating the burning when value pH the of Measurement 109 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

Smoke density measurement Testing of the vertical fire spread

In addition, cables that have integrated mainte- The spread of fires is tested in a vertical arrangement nance of electrical functionality produce low smoke according to EN 50266-2-4 [28] and IEC 60332-3-24 levels and reduce the spread of fires. These additional Cat. C [29]. Cable bundles are flamed on a vertical positive properties in case of fire are also checked us- section. After the prescribed length of 20 minutes, the ing fire tests on cable samples. The smoke density is flames must go out by themselves and there may be measured according to IEC 61034-1 and -2 [26] and no damage up to 2.5 m above the burner. Cables are EN 61034-1, -2 [27]. The light intensity is measured considered construction products and must be tested using photoelectrics, whereby the minimum value may and evaluated according to European criteria regard- not fall below 60% of the nominal output of the light ing the fire behaviour. According to EN 13501-6 [30], source due to the created smoke. they receive the abbreviations shown in Table 8, depending on their fire behaviour. The smoke development (-s), drip behaviour (-d) and corrosivity (-a) are evaluated.

In future, the European classes B2ca and Cca will become the standard for cable installations in special constructions.

Euro class Additional class Safety requirement Flame spread/ Smoke creation/ Burning Acid development/

heat development density drops corrosivity

Aca Very high

B1ca Very high

B2ca s1 d1 a1 Very high

Cca s1 d1 a1 High

Dca s2 d2 a1 Medium

Eca Low

Fca None Table 8: Euro classes of fire behaviour of cables with assignment to building requirements

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

110 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 signed safely for safety-relevant systems. de- be ac- can system cable into the that means increase This count. cross-section necessary the fire and the take which this, for programs calculation fer of- manufacturerscable The system.electrical the for provided be cannot power required the and increases also drop voltage the increase, resistance the to Due sufficientlylarge. be longer nocross-section may cable the consequence, In resistance. electrical cific spe- the to change a meaning con-also increases,ductor copper the of temperature the fire, a is there If a fire in conductorselectrical the of resistanceIncreased Table 10: Guide values for fastening spacings Table 9: Guide values for bend radii 20 < Ø Ø < 20 Ø < 15 Ø < 9 ≤ mm in cables the of diameter External conductors flexible with Cable conductors rigid with Cable 9 ≤ 15 ≤ ≤ 40 20 Flexible application Flexible routing Fixed bending Careful correctly used When Smoke Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 4 x Ø x 4 Ø x 3 Ø x 2 Ø x 4 Ø mm in diameter cable for radius bend Smallest ≤ 8 400 350 300 250 Horizontal mm in distance Maximum spacings must be complied with. standardisedsequence,lowesttestedor thefastening companyingstandards mustcompliedbe con-with.In regula- electrical ac- thatindicates standardtesting theHowever, the tions. of data the from considerably fastening The [31]. deviatemaytests fire spacingsdeterminedtheduring 0100-520 VDE DIN to cording ac- apply 10 and 9 Tables inparameters The the cables. of radii bend and the distances fastening for maximum values the specify regulations electrical The Directives for fastening spacings and bend radii 4 x Ø x 4 Ø x 3 Ø x 3 Ø x 5 Ø < 8 550 450 400 400 Vertical ≤ 12 111 5 x Ø x 5 Ø x 4 Ø x 4 Ø x 6 Ø < 12 ≤ 20 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

Classification to (examples): Maintenance of electrical functionality in minutes DIN 4102-12 NBN 713.020 NEN 2535 EN 13501-2 ≥ 30 E 30 - FB 30 P 30 ≥ 60 E 60 Rf1 FB 60 P 60 ≥ 90 E 90 Rf1½ FB 90 P 90 Table 11: Maintenance of electrical functionality classes and their abbreviations [32;33]

4.3.5 Classifications and certificates Depending on the length of time achieved, the cable systems are assigned to the classes E 30 to E 90 according to DIN 4102-12. According to the European classification standard EN 13501, a cable system is given the abbreviation "P" and "PH" with the appropriate time in minutes after a successfully completed test. In Germany, the result of the fire test is documented in a construction test certificate. For cable systems, this test certificate is considered the proof of the maintenance of electrical functionality in combination with the listed cables.

Test certificate, NRW materials testing institute

After erection, each cable system must be permanently labelled with a sign. This labelling must contain the following information: • Name of builder of the cable system (installation engineer) • Maintenance of electrical functionality class "E" or "P" • Test certificate number • Owner of the test certificate • Year of manufacture BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

112 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 s nue uig ifrn dc mtras se also (see materials Chapter 3). duct different using ensured is outside.theonThisteriorfire continue function a to in theductsmust ensure thatthecables routedthein- in of typesconstruction different The ducts. cable clude Cablesystems according to DIN 4102 Part 12 also in- fire with supply protection ducts electrical the of Maintenance 4.4 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 tem. safety-relevantsys-a of supply safe the of aimtection berouted in the fire protection duct, achieving the pro- can typescable example.However,these for tionality, func- electrical maintain that cables medium-voltage optionsnoarecablefieldthe of insystems routingfor there kV, 0.6/1 of voltagenominal a with created ally usu- are functionalityelectrical of maintenancegrated inte- with cables Asstandard. the to accordingtested ducts protection and fireitis possible to use normal, PVC-insulated cables, in routed be need function cal electri- the maintain that cables special no Therefore, 113 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

4.4.1 PYROLINE® Con D/S 4.4.2 PYROLINE® Fibre Optics The PYROLINE® Con D/S fire protection duct consists Communication systems must continue to function of fibre-glass light concrete fire protection plates even if there is a fire. Ever more often, they are which are resistant to water and frost. The fire protec- equipped with fibre optic cables, in order to process tion plates, which are classed as non-combustible large data volumes securely. In industrial systems too, (material class A1), have a compacted surface, which optical data transmission systems are used for is thus hard, smooth and wear-resistant. The OBO process control. In the event of a fire, the processes PYROLINE® Con D/S is used as an I duct to protect must be ended in a controlled fashion, in order to pre- escape and rescue routes against the effects of a vent damage to people and the environment. For this possible cable fire. This means that the escape and reason, the fibre optic cables must be routed with rescue routes remain free from fire, smoke and heat. special protection in a fire. As an E duct, PYROLINE® Con D/S allows the maintenance of electrical functionality of the safety-relevant Fibre optic cables cannot be evaluated according to circuits. The fire protection duct is mounted directly on the testing standard DIN 4102 Part 12, as the basic solid walls and ceilings. Possibly necessary fittings criteria only relate to copper conductors. The can be created simply and flexibly on-site according PYROLINE® Fibre Optics fire protection ducts protect to requirements. The fire protection ducts can be the fibre optic conductors against an external fire for a painted or papered over, as required. period of 90 minutes. The achieved class of maintenance of electrical functionality is "E 90".

4.4.3 Support systems for fire protection ducts in systems that maintain electrical functionality For the maintenance of electrical functionality, the support structures are not defined exactly in the approvals of the fire protection ducts. With these mounting variants, it must be ensured that the ducts do not slide off the support systems. For pendulum suspensions or suspended support-bracket combinations with additional threaded rod locking at the bracket tip, the electrical maintenance of functionality was proven in fire tests. In practice, these support systems have also proved their worth in the suspension of fire protection ducts. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

114 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Table 13: Parameters of the standard support structures - individual routing with clips Table 12: Parameters of the standard support structures - cable trays and ladders cables for the standard safety support systems. their of functionality electrical of maintenance the proved have manufacturers cable the all as ble, cablesrequired fortheinstallation freely. Thispossi-is With do. systemsstandard support structures, possibleisit routingtoselect the the also but ca- system electrical bling an of functionality the maintain selves them- cables the just not that specifies standard The 4.5.1 Standard support structures to economical, cable-specific solutions. through right is type, cable the planning of irrespective possible, which with structures support standard trusted and tried the from variations, many importance. are There of also naturally are aspects economic routed, be to cables of number and type the Besides functionality.electrical of maintenanceintegrated cables with routing for options routing various are There cable with functionsupport systems electrical the Maintaining 4.5 Cable bundle, maximum [n x mm] x [n maximum bundle, Cable [mm] diameter Cable [m] spacings Fastening locking rod Threaded layers of number Max. [kg/m] load cable Maximum [mm] maximum Width, [m] spacings Fastening Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 Vertical Horizontal Yes 6 10 300 1.2 tray Cable 3 x 25 x 3 Unlimited 30 30 clips Individual vertical sections possible. of use the makinginstallations, vertical to transferred were types routing horizontal the of parameters The standard DIN 4102 Part 12. test in defined ceiling the under cables the of routing clips, clamp withoutandtroughs,withlongindividualthe belong to and rails profile or clips individual The • • • tems: sys- routingstandard three defines 12 Part 4102 DIN Individual cable routing under the ceiling Routing on cable trays Routing on cable ladders 400 1.2 ladders Cable Yes 3 20 3 x 25 x 3 Unlimited 30 30 troughs long without clips Clamp 600 1.2 sections Rising - 1 20 3 x 25 x 3 Unlimited - 60 troughs long with clips Clamp 115 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

OBO Bettermann offers the following systems as stan- Benefits of standard support structures dard support structures with the maintenance of elec- • Free choice of cables trical functionality classes E 30 to E 90 according to • No binding to specific cable types DIN: • Ideal for smaller projects • Cable trays SKS • Countless installation variants • Cable ladders LG • Rising sections in light-duty and heavy-duty versions • Single and clamp clips, types 732/733 and 2056(U)M • Strain relief ZSE90 as effective support for vertical routing

SKS cable tray with U suspended support is fastened with a maximum spacing of 100 mm be- The routing type of cable trays of type SKS with U side the bracket. For this, the ABR connection compo- suspended supports under the ceiling fulfils all the re- nent should be screwed under the tray base. The po- quirements of DIN 4102 Part 12 as a standard sup- sition of the joints between the individual support port structure for the maintenance of electrical func- points can be chosen freely. The cable trays are tionality classes E 30 to E 90. The cable trays can be screwed on using connectors in the side rail and an mounted on the U suspended support on one or both additional joint plate in the base of the tray. sides with up to six tray layers. The threaded rod lock BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

116 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 rce uig n B cneto component connection ABR an using bracket the beside mm 100 of spacing The maximum a with vertically.ing arranged be fastened canverticallyceil-isthreaded lock undertherod layers tray three to up wall, the on mounted are trays cable the When mainte- the 90. E to 30 functionalityEelectrical for classes of nance structure support standard a as 12 Part 4102 DIN of requirements the all fulfils wall the on brackets wall with trays cable of type routing The SKS cable tray, wall mounting mm. 30 just is profile transverse the of height tion construc- The type: routing space-saving particularly tionalityclasses90.This Eroutingto30 E variant a is func- electrical of maintenance the for structure port sup- standard a as 12 Part 4102 DIN of quirements re- the all fulfils U ceiling with the SKS under profiles type transverse of trays cable of type routing The SKS cable tray with U transverse profile Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 nect the cable trays. intercon-toorder in tray,the ofbase the toplate joint additional an and rails side the into screwed are tors Connec- freely. chosen be can points support vidual indi- the betweenjoints the of position Theapproved. are variants mounting two-layer or one with Versions nect the cable trays. con- to order in base, the support to plate joint additional an individual the points.Connectors betweenare screwed into the side rails and freely positioned be can Joints wall. the to 45° of angle a at ponents com- connectionsloping using created be ternatively al- can lock rod threaded the mounting,section layer screwedon beneath the tray base. Inthe case ofone- 117 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

LG-VSF cable ladder with U suspended support be attached to the lower flange of the ladder rail. The routing type of cable ladders of type LG with U Mounting of the threaded rod secures the connection suspended supports under the ceiling fulfils all the re- component against slipping. The rung spacing in the quirements of DIN 4102 Part 12 as a standard sup- cable ladder is 150 mm. Therefore, no additional rung port structure. The cable ladders can be mounted on support plates are required. The position of the joints the U suspended support on one or both sides with between the individual support points can be chosen up to three layers. The threaded rod lock is fastened freely. with a maximum spacing of 100 mm beside the bracket. The ABL connection component need simply

LG-VSF cable ladder with U transverse profile sions with one or two-layer mounting variants are ap- The routing type of cable ladders of type LG with U proved. The rung spacing in the cable ladder is transverse profiles under the ceiling fulfils all the re- 150 mm. Therefore, no additional rung support plates quirements of DIN 4102 Part 12 as a standard sup- are required. The joints of the ladder rails are con- port structure for the maintenance of electrical func- nected using external connectors, which are screwed tionality classes E 30 to E 90. The threaded rod sus- to the rails. The position of the joints between the pension from the ceiling on both sides and the low cross-sections can be chosen freely. construction height of the cross-section, just 30 mm, means that this routing type saves a lot of space. Ver- BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

118 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 without screws using the ABL connection component The connectionABL the using screws another. without one vertically fastened of is ceiling the top to lock rod threaded on arranged be can ers lay- two to up wall,the mountedon laddersarecable When structure.support standard a as 12 Part 4102 requirementsDINtheof all fulfils wall the brackets on wallwithLG type ladders ofcable of routingtypeThe LG-VSF cable ladder, wall mounting Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 oncin opnns t n nl o 4° o the to 45° wall. of angle an at sloping components using connection created be alternatively can lock rod only When mm. one cable 100 ladder is mounted on the wall, the be threaded may bracket the and nent compo- connection the The between rail. distance ladder maximum the of flange lower the to attached 119 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

4.5.2 Cable-specific routing types Cable-specific support systems require specific ca- Advantages of cable-specific routing types bles. Any proof is only valid for the actually tested • Low material and mounting costs combination of laying variant and cable. There are • Planned systems: Support systems are clearly as- many tested combinations. With these systems, signed to defined cable types economical routing is paramount. • Large selection of approved cable types • Ideal for larger buildings (project business) Thus, they differ considerably from standard support constructions. Cable-specific systems differ from the standard, e.g. in the fastening spacing distances of the clips. Thus distances of 80 cm are no rarity with specific cable types. When cables are routed on cable trays, the support spacing distances and load capacities are increased. In addition, with some systems, there is no need for the attachment of a threaded rod lock near the bracket tip. The great advantage of this is that cables need not be threaded through on retroinstallation.

The possibilities of the combination of cables and support systems are fully exploited – the systems are optimised for the appropriate application. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

120 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 from other countries according to DIN 4102 Part 12. manufacturerscablewith alongoffices testing local at certain addition, appropriatelyapprovedand tested were types In routing Prysmian). Leoni and Eupen, Nexans Studer, Kabelwerk Cables, (Dätwyler safety cables of manufacturers renowned with in institutescooperation testing German at tested were systems The types. cableapproved the observetypes, routing cable-specific installation. in retroinstallation during of case exceeded the in be Even not may load ble type ca- approvedmaximum cable The manufacturer. cable the and on depending vary maxi- may loads and mum distances cross-sections, cable for Data observed rigidly. Theapproved combination withtested cables must be certificates. test the from taken be must components usablethemountingparameters andonthe Allcates. certifi- test the of details the and planner the of tions nance ofelectricalfunctionality,observethespecifica- mainte-theproductsapproved selectingfortheWhen ca- trays, cable mesh lock, rod threadedwithout and installationwith trays Cablefunctionality:electrical maintains that electrical economical an for considered be can systems support cable-specific following The Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

ble combinations available at regular intervals. approvedca-androutingsystemstestedand the with list cableso-called a compilesOBOoverview, clear a the maintain that obtaincovered.electricalTowasfunctionalitypipes in cables of routing the Even turers. distances and weretested and spacingproven by the various cable manufac- fastening clips larger with spacing clips cableclamp with combinations Many • • • • • and routing structures types are available: support cable-specific following The rsue lp. vn lcrcl ntlain ie in pipes installationproven variants can be mounted. electrical Even clips. and pressure supports grouped clips, individual ladders, ble VA support structure, e.g. for tunnels SL cable ladders LKM cable routing ducts GRM and G-GRM mesh cable trays RKSM cable trays 121 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

RKS-Magic® cable tray cable trays without tools and in a particularly quick The RKS-Magic® cable tray has been tested as a ca- and economic manner. To ensure the maintenance of ble-specific support construction for the maintenance the electrical supply, only the locking lugs in the base of electrical functionality according to DIN 4102 Part need to be bent after the trays have been connected. 12 and approved for maintenance of electrical func- The double material thickness in the joint area and tion classes E 30 to E 90. Threaded rod locking is not the beading in the base mean that the cable tray has required at the tip of the bracket. This saves not just a very high load capacity. The installation of fittings in material but also considerably simplifies and speeds the section route is permitted, as is the mounting of up the installation of cables. The screwless connec- separating retainers. tion system allows interconnection of the RKS-Magic®

RKS-Magic® VA cable tray straight, slanting or curved ceilings, thus allowing sim- on suspension clamp AHB-T ple, space-saving installation of the cable tray. The The RKS-Magic® cable tray, made of rustproof steel benefits of the screwless connection systems of the with the AHB-T suspension clamp, has been tested as RKS-Magic® cable trays also apply to this routing a cable-specific support structure for the maintenance type. This makes mounting of RKS-Magic® cable of electrical functionality according to DIN 4102 Part trays, for example in the installation of long sections 12 and approved for maintenance of electrical func- in increased corrosion protection requirements, an tion classes E 30 to E 90. The rustproof steel version economically viable routing variant. The installation of permits mounting in areas with more aggressive at- fittings in the section route is permitted, as is the mospheres, e.g. in road tunnels. The design of the mounting of separating retainers. suspension clamp means that it can be mounted on BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

122 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 sion clamp using the ABG connection component. This is just at- Thejust is connectioncomponent.ThisABG the using 90. E to rail, tray the on directlymounted is lock 30 rodthreaded E classes functionality electrical DIN of maintenance the to for approved and according 12 Part functionality4102 electrical mainte- of the nance for construction support cable-specific The GR-MagicThe GR-Magic GR-MagicThe GR-Magic a b mutd n tagt satn o cre ceil- curved or slanting straight, on mounted be can it that means clampsuspension AHB-T the of design The conditions. ambient aggressive more with areas in mountingpermitsversion steelrustproof The 90. E maintenanceelectricaloffunctionality to 30 classes E the forapproved and 12 Part 4102 DIN toaccording support cable-specific a structuremaintenancethefor electricalof functionality as tested been has steel, ® ® mesh cable tray A eh al ta o ABT suspen- AHB-T on tray cable mesh VA ® ® meshcabletrayhasbeentestedasa meshcabletray,madefromrustproof Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 oncin ytm o te GR-Magic the of screwless systems the of connection benefits The tray. cable mesh the ings,thusallowing simple,space-saving installation of larly rapid and economic, mounting. particu- thus and toolless, ensures trays cable mesh h srwes oncin ytm f h GR-Magic the of system connection screwless The release. unintentional against secured is component the mounted, been has rod threaded the When tray. tachedthetosidelengthwise wiresthe ofmesh cable retainers and lids is permitted. separating of mounting the system, this With variant. routing viable economically an requirements, tection makes pro- corrosionincreased in sections long Thisof stallation type. in- the routingin example for trays, cable this mesh of mounting to apply also trays ® eh cable mesh 123 ® Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

4.5.3 Individual routing systems made of sheet steel with a riveted metal pressure Clamp clips with profile rails trough. Long troughs made of galvanised sheet steel The routing types with clamp clips fulfil all the require- can be used to increase the support area for the ca- ments of DIN 4102 Part 12 as a standard support bles. These are inserted loosely between the cables structure for the maintenance of electrical functionality and the metal pressure troughs of the clamp clips. classes E30 and E90. Mounting as a cable-specific Bundling of up to three cables in a clamp clip is pos- routing type is possible, depending on the specifica- sible. The individual diameter of the bundled cables tions of the cable manufacturer. The clamp clips can may not exceed 25 mm. If only individual cables are be used for horizontal cable routing on walls and ceil- installed, then there is no limit to the cable diameter. ings and vertical routing on walls. The clamp clips are

Screw-in spacer clip 732/733 made of galvanised sheet steel. Mounting is carried The routing types with single clips fulfil all the require- out either by pushing through the slots of the clips or ments of DIN 4102 Part 12 as a standard support by screwing onto a fire protection anchor with thread- structure for the function maintenance classes E 30, E ed tip M6. Bundling of up to three cables together in 60 and E 90. In addition, mounting of the single clips a single clamp clip is possible for mounting as a stan- as a cable-specific routing type is possible, depend- dard support structure. The individual diameter of the ing on the specifications of the cable manufacturer. bundled cables may not exceed 25 mm. There is no The screw-in spacer clips can be used for horizontal limit to the diameter of installed individual cables with cable routing on walls and ceilings and vertical rout- screw-in spacer clips. ing on walls. The closed screw-in spacer clips are BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

124 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 der idealthe ceiling. With just small additions, fire alarm ca- is variant routing un- availableheight mounting little only This is there when 12. Part 4102 DIN to according 30 E classfunctionality electrical of nance provedcable-specificaas routing typethemainte-for Cablerouting with rustproof steel pressure clips ap-is Pressure clips remain cansupports theinsertion, cablesimple allow Totools.of usewithoutthe closedeasilyopenedand be can andsteel sheet of madeare usedclamps ing 60 E according90andE DIN4102toPart 12.The collect- 30, E classes functionality electrical of nance ap- is supports groupedprovedcable-specific aas routing typethemainte-for metal with routing Cable Grip M grouped supports Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 be complied with. instructionsofthe various cable manufacturers should permitted.The are kg/m a 6 to up assignmentofcable and m 0.8 maximum of spacings fastening tests, the for usedsupports grouped the and cablestested the on Dependingsuitable. are mounting ceiling and wall forsupports Groupedrouting. cable during open ad ad h cbe pse i fo te ie The clamping area side.can be expanded with spacers. the from in pushed cables the and wards down- bent simply are clips pressure the of hips the installation,Forspace-saving way. a in routed be can bles and also power cables for safety lighting systems 125 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

LKM cable routing trunking ing of the cables with maintenance of electrical func- Cable routing with metal cable routing trunking, type tionality is not wanted. A retaining clamp is available LKM, is approved as a cable-specific routing type for as an installation aid for the trunking type LKM60100. the maintenance of electrical functionality classes E This prevents cables from falling out in the case of 30, E 60 and E 90 according to DIN 4102 Part 12. wall and ceiling mounting. When cable installation has The trunking may be routed horizontally on the wall or been completed, the trunking cover is locked onto the under the ceiling and offer additional mechanical pro- trunking base. tection of the installed cables. This installation variant is also used if, for reasons of appearance, open rout-

Steel pipe together with a riveted metal pressure sleeve and the Cable routing in the steel pipe, in combination with appropriate profile rails, or closed screw-in spacer clamp clips or with screw-in spacer clips, fulfils the re- clips made of galvanised sheet steel. Refer to the quirements of DIN 4102 Part 12 as a cable-specific available test certificates of the cable manufacturer for routing type for the maintenance of electrical function- the maximum possible dimensions of the pipes, the ality classes E 30, E 60 and E 90. The steel pipes maximum fastening spacing of the clips and the num- may be routed horizontally on the wall or under the ber of cables to be run in the pipe. ceiling and offer additional mechanical protection of the installed cables. Sheet steel clamp clips are used BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

126 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Clamping capacity of the ceramic terminals glands cable the Here, available. are variants closed or sealsplug-insoft breakage. withBoxes sistanceto re- high a and IK10 to up of resistance impact mum maxi- the and IP66 to up of rating protection IP high of benefits the thermoplasticjunctioncableboxes.includeThesethe all possess FireBoxes series T The cross-section. copper of mm² 16 to mm² 0.5 of eas ar- terminal offer and terminalsceramic with unit tion connec- temperature-resistant high a with equipped are These cables. safety branching and connecting foravailableare seriesFireBox the of boxesJunction 4.5.4 FireBox connection technology Table 14: Clamping capacity of the ceramic terminals 16 mm² 16 mm² 10 mm² 6 mm² 4 - - mm² 0.5 1.5 mm² 1.5 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 2.5 mm² 2.5 tection of a branch. classes the with E30, 12E60 and E90. A separate fuse holder allows Partpro- 4102 DIN to functionality electrical of maintenance for socket connection a as approvedand tested partsis FireBoxThe required. not metalare the of covers that meaning clamp, port protectiveconductor terminal connectedis thetosup- The unit. connection the on pre-mounted are minals temperature-resistantter- high The ties. screw tection the outerstrapsorthroughboxbasewithfirepro- locatedfreely.beFasteningcan eithertakes placeon 4 mm² 4 - mm² 6 - - mm² 10 127 - - - mm² 16 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

4.5.5 Difficult installation situations Limited space Local factors on the construction site sometimes re- If there is limited space, then multiple solutions are quire special measures, in order to prevent or com- possible: The cables are either mounted directly under pensate impairments of the cable system through sur- the ceiling using clips or pressure clips, or multiple rounding components. narrow cable sections are installed on top of each other, instead of on a wide section. Space with plenty of girders If there are height jumps, the installed cables must be Problematic substrate supported. This may be required when cables with There are problematic substrates, such as old ceiling large cross-sections are no longer on the support sys- structures, where the load capacity cannot be deter- tem. For this, additional profile rails or brackets could mined definitely. Therefore, wall mounting is recom- be mounted, in order to accept the cable load. mended (e.g. for restoration projects) in this case.

Combination with other systems Ventilation systems, pipes, etc. may not be installed above the electrical installation with maintenance of the electrical functionality, as parts may fall down if there is a fire, damaging the cables that maintain the electrical supply. For this, these cables must be placed directly under the ceiling or on the wall.

4.5.6 Cable load per cable tray layer signed to a low level. This poses the risk that cable The support systems are designed for exactly defined trays, which are visually still free, are used for retroin- loads. This also results in a differing quantity of super- stallations. This could mean that the approved cable imposed layers of cable trays and ladders. weight is exceeded. The following diagrams show how the maximum weight per tray can be reached The proven possible mechanical loads for cable sup- with just a few safety cables. It is therefore very impor- port systems that maintain electrical functionality are tant to plan the cable volume exactly. very low, in comparison to cable systems for the "cold" state. For this reason, they may only be as- BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

128

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Cable-specific support structure with cable tray RKSM E 90 Standard support structure with cable tray SKS E 90

For comparison For comparison For Total weight 20.0 kg/m 20.0 weight Total kg/m 11.132 Weight: 22 Quantity: kg/m 9.8 weight Total kg/m 5.06 Weight: 10 Quantity: Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 Weight: 8.82 kg/m 8.82 Weight: 28 Quantity: kg/m 4.725 Weight: 15 Quantity: max. 10 kg/m 10 max. wide mm 300 tray Cable max. 20 kg/m 20 max. wide mm 400 tray Cable 129 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

4.6 Special features of vertical routing Strain relief through cable insulation Cables that maintain the electrical functionality cables An additional strain relief option is the installation of on rising sections must be effectively supported in the approved cable insulations in the ceiling openings. In transition area between vertical and horizontal routing, so doing, the fire resistance length of the insulation to prevent bending or sliding. Continuous vertical ca- system must correspond to the maintenance of electri- ble systems only receive the appropriate maintenance cal functionality class of the installed cable system. In of electrical function classification when there is effec- such cases, the storey height may not exceed 3.5 m. tive support or strain relief at a spacing of max. 3.5 m. If there is a fire, the copper weight is caught by the se- Strain relief measures can be provided in the variants ries of clips located directly above the floor, as this re- described below. mains cold due to the insulation function. The cables are clamped according to the regulations and, at a Strain relief through loops storey height of maximum 3.5 m, "only" have a permit- To ensure that cables do not break through their own ted weight of 3.5 m of copper. weight during a fire, DIN 4102 Part 12 requires that they be routed in loops. The maximum spacing between the individual loops is 3.5 m. The minimum length of the horizontally routed cables is 0.3 m. The horizontal fastening clips must, as with vertical mounting, also be mounted every 0.3 m. In addition, during the installation the permissible bending radii of the cables mist be observed. If there is a fire, the cables de- posit themselves on the sides of the clip elements on their forming ash layer. This prevents tearing through the weight of the copper. However, in practice, this variant can often not be implemented due to the large amount of space required at the side. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

130 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 n. hs nvral apial slto i approved is solution applicable universally This ing. break- preventing effectively clamped, remain cables theremainsrelativelyandboxcoldthe in clips of ries insulationthestoreyin ceiling:fire, these-therea Ifis cable the of that to similar is principleaction The 12. difficulttheloopsaccording4102Partofance DIN to avoid- allows This solution. practical a as are worth their which proven have clips, of and series a over directly insulation mounted fibre mineral integrated with materialnon-combustible a of made boxes, The Effective support measure Support through side jump or loops or jump side through Support Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 rcl upy a b ahee i a a wih s ex- is tremely economic which and space-saving. way a in achieved be can supply trical theverticallyof installed cables thatmaintain theelec- meansThisDIN-conformantthat effectiveandsupport manufacturers. or types cable specific on pendence de- no is There sections. rising continuous in existing, possible also is mounting that so penetrated, be can rungs Ladder cables. vertical carry which clips, individualfor also and laddersvertical of types all for 131 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

4.6.1 Rising sections approved and they can be positioned freely. The rung Light-duty vertical ladder distance is 30 cm and the cables are fastened using Vertical ladders of type LG fulfil all the requirements clamp clips, type 2056 M (clamp clips with metal of DIN 4102 Part 12 as a standard support structure pressure trough). Light-duty vertical ladders are avail- for the maintenance of electrical functionality classes able in widths of 200 to 400 mm. Mounting of the E 30, E 60 and E 90. The vertical ladders are fas- strain relief ZSE90 is approved for storey heights of tened directly to the wall through the lower flange of more than 3.5 m. The vertical ladder need not be in- the ladder rails at a spacing of maximum 1.2 m. Alter- terrupted as the strain relief is mounted via the contin- natively, the vertical ladders can also be mounted with uous vertical ladder. additional fastening brackets, attached to the rail from the outside. Mounting of screwed-on connectors is

Heavy-duty vertical ladder pressure sleeve with a spacing of 30 cm. There is no Vertical ladders of type SLM fulfil all the requirements limit to the diameter of installed individual cables with of DIN 4102 Part 12 as a standard support structure clamp clips. Bundling of up to three cables is possi- for the maintenance of electrical functionality classes ble with this standard support structure. Heavy-duty E 30, E 60 and E 90. They are made of U profiles vertical ladders are available in widths of 400 to with screwed-on rungs. The vertical ladders are fas- 600 mm. Mounting of the strain relief ZSE90 is ap- tened directly to the wall through the ladder rails at a proved for storey heights of more than 3.5 m. The ver- spacing of maximum 1.2 m. Individual lengths can be tical ladder need not be interrupted as the strain relief screwed on with connectors. They can be positioned is mounted via the continuous vertical ladder. freely. The cables must be fastened on each rung with clamp clips of type 2056 UM with a riveted metal BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

132 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 verticalsingle-clip installations. The ZSE90 strain relief for also It and widthssection rising all structures.for used be can support standard with combination in 90 mainte-E to 30 allE classesfunctionalityelectrical of fornance ZSE90 approved is OBO ZSE90 The the relief. with strain fulfilled be can requirement This m. 3.5 of spacing maximum a at support cable effective requires standard the 12, Part 4102 DIN to according cables functionality electrical maintain cablesthat of routing vertical continuous, of case the In Strain relief ZSE90 4.6.2 Effective support on fastened be must cables The cm. 30 maximum derrails. When mounting rungs, maintain a spacing of lad- the to screwed are whichbrackets, fastening ing dersarefastened spacingaat maximumof 1.2us-m lad- vertical The rungs. screwed-on with profiles I of madeareThey90. Eand 60 Etionality 30,classes E func- electrical of maintenance the for structure port sup- standard a as 12 Part 4102 DIN of quirements re- the all fulfil SLS type of ladders vertical Industrial Industrial vertical ladders Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 the wall next to installed cables. on or laddersvertical of rungs the on rails, profile on fastenedstrainality.Thereliefbecan using slide nuts This fire. a is function-electrical maintenanceof secureguarantees there if weight tearing intrinsic cables their the through of risk no is There safely. pated dissi- is cable the of weight The cold."relatively" stay they thatmeaning clips, the on loads fire directvents profilepre- it fire, of on case In clips. single cables with or rungs rails, the of point fastening the covers rupted for it. inter- be not need ladder vertical The ladder. vertical the over mounted be may ZSE90 relief strain the m, 3.5 than more of heights of storey For mm. 600 widthsto 400 in available are ladders vertical industrial blescanbebundled together underclamp a clip.The ca- three to individualUpcables. externaldiameterof riveted metalpressuresleeve.Thereisnolimitonthe a with UM 2056 type of clips clamp with rung each 133 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

Fire alarm control panel No safety cables

Smoke detector E30 safety cables

Pushbutton alarm

4.7 Exceptions to the maintenance of electrical func- If cables of the fire alarm system are run through mon- tionality itored areas into a final fire section, then there is no If fire alarm systems are installed in the building, it is need for E 30 cabling. If the bridged fire sections are possible to waive cabling with maintenance of electri- not monitored, then safety cables with maintenance of cal functionality class E 30 in certain areas. These in- electrical functionality class E 30 must be installed. clude, for example, branch cables to fire alarms located in a fire section. Here, routing of E 30 cables to the The exceptions described above have no influence on first fire alarm is sufficient. If the fire alarm system was the supply of safety-relevant electrical systems with created with loop technology, then no E 30 safety ca- the maintenance of electrical functionality classes E bles at all are required. The system detects interrup- 60 and E 90. The higher-level classes must be given tions if cables fail during a fire and automatically the appropriate safety cables. switches the signal paths. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

134 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Branch cables Branch

Fire alarm control panel Firewall Smoke detector Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

E30 safety cables No safety cables 135 Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3

Heat build-up under the ceiling in the event of a fire

4.8 Limits of maintaining electrical functionality However, the greatest problems are caused by build- Not only surrounding installations can have a negative ings or halls with a steel support construction, pan- impact on the maintenance of electrical functionality, elling with sandwich elements (as described above) but also insufficient knowledge of local factors or even and a roof of trapezoidal plates. Unprotected steel has incorrect planning can quickly limit implementation in no fire resistance duration. At a temperature of 500 accordance with the approval. All too often, there is °C, which can be reached very quickly during a full poor matching of the networks, which are managed fire, it only retains half its strength. As such, fastening by different planners and installation engineers. It is to steel is not possible. Steel fire protection is imple- rare to find a technical building manager for fire pro- mented, for example, in the form of plate panelling or tection on construction sites. The responsibility for this coatings. However, these measures should primarily primarily lies with the architects and construction engi- protect the building structure against early failure dur- neers. If they do not employ a technical building man- ing a fire. If something is to be fastened to these pro- ager, then they automatically fill this position. But plan- tected steel girders, then the panelling or coatings ners of technical building equipment will, in future, must ultimately be destroyed. Reworking is thus nec- have to expand their knowledge of construction and essary and is usually very complex. system fire protection. Even worse than steel girders are roofs made of 4.8.1 Unsuitable components trapezoidal plates. In the event of a fire, the hot fire In many cases, the building structure often does not gases rise. The upward movement draws a lot of oxy- permit the routing of an electrical functionality mainte- gen from the environment into the fire. A so-called nance system which is conformant with the approval. "ceiling jet" is created, which distributes the fire smoke Separating components, such as walls and ceilings, throughout the whole building at great speed. Ther- which do not have a supporting function in the event mals cause the fire to be fanned further through the of fire, are unsuitable for fastening cable systems with draught and the smoke fills the entire building. This integrated maintenance of electrical functionality ac- causes the temperatures under the ceiling to rise very cording to DIN 4102 Part 12. Dry-construction walls quickly. This quickly causes a loss of strength in the with metal stand constructions with a fire protection- thin trapezoid plates. Installations attached to the ceil- classified version are the best example of this. The ing would then fall down at an early stage of the fire. structure of these walls means that a spread load, such as a cable tray, cannot be mounted. If there is a fire, then the structure of the normally plasterboard plates becomes brittle and breaks away from the sub- construction. So-called sandwich elements behave in a similar way; these are sheet steel walls with a polyurethane foam insulation. They have no fire resistance and are thus unsuitable as a fastening substrate for the maintenance of electrical functionality. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

136 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 h erh usd te ulig r otn udr the under routing orscreed. building the outside earth the in routingexample, for be, installation could This found. thebe must to route different a then girder, steel a to fastened be can functionalityelectrical maintains ing throughnon-dangerousareas:Ifnocabletraythat rout- cable example, for are, maintenance fire of tion implementa- the to regard with measures will Simple be. measures protection fire necessary the hensive compre-more the aim, the higherconsidered.The be sures.Firstly,protectionachievedthebe aimsto must mea- compensationusing achieved be still are can ment building a of problems known,thensystempeoplesafetyenviron-for theand protection fire other If ing components. This surround- from influence equipment. no be safety-relevantcan there that means this on fall can ing estpoint onthe wall means that, thereif isfire,a noth- high- the or ceiling raw the building on Fastening othertechnology. the above ar- systems the the of is rangement functionality electrical maintain that tems sys- of mounting approved for solution simplest The 4.8.2 Solution options earth the in Routing Chapter 4 | Maintaining the electrical supply for safety-relevant electrical systems - protection aim 3 lowing fol- chapter is dedicated to this. The agents. fastening approved and suitable on dependent is it installations,protection fire all with As quirements. re- system andconstruction fromdeviations are there if guaranteed,even is building the for aimsprotection thus the andof achievement the that approvalimportant is It constructionobligatory. the of part ponent of com- casea is conceptprotection thefire the buildings,larger In system. protection construction fire the of the concept in them document to necessary also is it implemented,then aremeasures technical If systemsorfull monitoring sprinklerthrough afire alarm system. (RWA), extractors smoke/heat include ese compensatedbethrough technicalcanmeasures. Th- substrate mounting approved the from deviation This steel option. only on the be may componentsother fasteningor girders construction, in involved offices Undercertain circumstances, inagreement with allthe screed the under Routing 137 138

5 Anchorings The most important solutions for anchoring small to Of equal importance to the selection of the cable sup- very large loads in most substrates are: port system is the decision for the most suitable fas- • Metal spreading anchors for use in concrete: tening system. Here, too, the individual factors on the Heavy-duty anchors, nail ties, interior thread an- construction site must be taken into account. Depend- chors, cavity ceiling ties ing on the substrate, many different anchoring sys- • Injection ties for use in concrete, hollow brick and - tems are available with fire protection suitability. porous concrete: Anchor rods inserted in plastic or metal sieve sleeves with special mortar For system fastening, the approvals of the cable sys- • Bolt ties for use in concrete and various types of tems with integrated maintenance of electrical func- masonry: Self-tapping concrete screws with various tionality according to DIN 4102 Part 12 require metal head shapes anchors with a general construction approval or a • Wood screws with a large setting depth European Technical Approval/Evaluation. In contrast to normal "cold" fastening, these anchors must be set at least twice as deeply for a fire protection application. Alternatively, anchors are used which have proven their load capacity and fire resistance length in a fire test. With these solutions, the necessary setting depths according to the load are listed in the approval documents or in the appropriate fire protection reports. It must also be noted for which substrates and resistance classes the anchors are approved. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

140 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 friction ensures the high load values. the torque,plannedthe withmountedWhen hole. drill the in locking ensures body anchor the on set ment Whena frictional connection is made, a spreading ele- the drill in hole. dust to due out slipping prevent to order in tems, Cleaningthedrillholes veryisimportant forthese sys- fastenings. these in included are mounted, is rod ed sivecartridges injectionor systems, whichthread-ina sub- the to Adhe-mortar.specialwiththroughsticking e.g.strate, chemically join anchors bonded Firmly also work according to this principle. an- thread internal chorscavityorceiling ties. Thethreads bolttiesthe of cut back are Examples ponent. themselvesTheanchorit.on "tightly"fits intocom-the Anchorswith form-fitting tapthe substrate and support • • • anchor to the substrate: the from transmission force of types three are There 5.1 Fastening principles Friction bond Adhesive bond Form fit

Chapter 5 | Anchorings 141 Chapter 5 | Anchorings

5.2 Fastening substrates Dry construction walls are, as already described, par- The main differences are in the fastening substrates ticularly problematic. Due to their structure, it is not and load classes. While most anchors are suitable physically possible to fasten installations to them se- and approved for use in concrete, there are also spe- curely for fire protection. Walls and ceilings in old ex- cial solutions for various masonry types, even for hol- isting buildings are an additional obstacle. Due to their low brick or porous concrete. With metal spreading construction, these can often not be allocated to fire anchors, certain spacing distances must be guaran- resistance classes. All too frequently, so-called extrac- teed, e.g. to the edge of a component. As the metal tion experiments are often required, in order to deter- spreading anchors develop lateral forces when sub- mine the resistance and load capacity of the construc- jected to loads, break-outs may occur when the pre- tion. scribed spacing distances are not complied with. By contrast, bolt ties and injection systems can be placed very close to the edge, as they do not create any lateral forces.

Materials

Concrete Light construction materials

Normal concrete, Lightweight concrete, Plates and panels, e.g. C 20/25 e.g. LC 20/22 e.g. plasterboard

Wall materials

Full brick with dense struc- Hollow blocks with dense Full bricks with a porous Plates with a porous structure, e.g. brick structure, e.g. hollow brick structure, e.g. lightweight ture, e.g. hollow blocks concrete, expanded clay, made of lightweight con- pumice crete BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

142 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 are suitable for cracked concrete and are approved. drillthemusthole.alsoItensured be thatanchorsthe of out fall can component fastened the anchor, able unsuit- an Withcapacity. load the reducewhich zone, tension tension the in occur so-calledcan Cracks zones.pressure and experience re- ceilings to that important member is it However, technical equipment. the building of fastening the for suited ideally thus and high verycapacities areload concrete. The is als materi- construction used frequently most the of One 5.2.1 Concrete

(tension zone) Cracked concrete (pressure zone) Uncracked concrete Pressure Strain

Cracks (tension zone) Cracked concrete (pressure zone) Uncracked concrete Chapter 5 | Anchorings 143 Chapter 5 | Anchorings

5.2.2 Masonry Besides concrete, various masonry types of different stones play a special role in buildings. In order to fasten support systems or other loads on these walls, the stone types must have a minimum raw density and a minimum pressure resistance. If this data is not available, then withdrawal experiments may need to be performed, in order to determine the load capacity of the wall.

Stone types:

Lime sandstone Wall bricks Lime sandstone plate

Lime sandstone plate Hollow brick Hollow brick BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

144 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 tened to it can be. choredthesubstrate,in thegreater theloadfas-beto an- be can anchor maxi- an deeper the The values. for load mum criterion main the is depth setting the course, Of likely. more is fastening the of failure and reduced are values load the thenmaintained, not are these If anchor. to anchor from distances and edges componentdistancesto themeans Thisanchors. ting set- when role major a play distances axis and Edge 5.2.3 Distances and setting depth

Permitted axis spacings Permitted edge spacings Component edge Greater concrete load capac- load concrete Greater Deeper anchoring Deeper ity = Chapter 5 | Anchorings 145 Chapter 5 | Anchorings

Steel break Pull-through Pulling out

Concrete break-out Columns

5.2.4 Failure criteria The following reasons for failure occur with transverse Different failure criteria occur depending on the loads: mounting arrangement and load of the anchors. Un- der a tensile load, these are: • Steel break through shearing • Concrete edge break • Steel break • Concrete break-out on the side away from the load • Pulling out • Pull-through • Concrete break-out Wall mounting of cable trays on brackets causes high • Columns torques and bending moments. The above-mentioned failure causes will occur if the anchors are not dimen- sioned sufficiently. The anchors for mounting cable support systems under the ceiling must thus be designed exactly for the tensile loads.

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146 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 be contained in the approval documents. bolttiestheforfastening fireproofof installations must and anchors of mounting the to relevant data the All • • • • first be queried: Todetermine suitable anchors, basic parameters must 5.2.5 Selection aid nent Geometry of the compo- • • • Material Mounting type Load Application area Fastening substrate Light-duty substances Masonry pressure zone) Concrete (tension or Tie base Temperature • City/town • • Construction aggressive) Interiors (dry, moist, Unsupporting Supporting Application area Anchor selection steels. corrosion-resistant highly to up ties bolt and anchors als andsurfacesareavailable,fromelectrogalvanised materi- Many used. are they which in atmosphereent the parameters, described meansof fastening must also be suitable alreadyfor the ambi- the all Besides 5.3 Types of anchors • • Direction • • Type Size ing tension Transverse and slop- Central tension Non-resting Resting Load Stand-off mounting Push-through mounting Pre-mounting Mounting type Chapter 5 | Anchorings 147 Chapter 5 | Anchorings

5.3.1 Metal spreading anchors provals and appropriate test documentation. Although OBO Bettermann's metal spreading anchors for the load capacity of the anchors during a fire is below mounting on concrete were tested for fire protection. the load capacity when cold, this load capacity is Appropriate proofs are available for the tests carried completely sufficient for fireproof fastening of the dif- out. Depending on the fire resistance length (up to ferent routing types. Special metal spreading anchors 120 minutes), a maximum load capacity was deter- are offered for false ceilings. mined when anchored in concrete. This load data is contained in the appropriate European technical ap-

5.3.2 Injection mortar maximum load capacity depending on the fire resis- The VMS Plus injection mortar system is particularly tance period and the fastening substrate is document- suitable for fire protection fastening in hollow brick, ed accordingly in the available fire protection certifi- concrete and porous concrete, calcareous limestone, cate. Although the load capacity of the injection mor- sand-lime brick and masonry. The connection is free tar system is below the load capacity when cold, this from spreading pressure and it is created through the load capacity is completely sufficient for fireproof fas- form-fitting of the injection mortar with the substrate tening of the different routing types. and a tie rod; the components are tested and approved for a fire resistance period of 90 minutes. The BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

148 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 tionality applicationsandforfalseceilingmountingin- occurringloadsmaintenancethefor electricalof func- the certificates.Takingappropriatetest the docu- in mented are values These masonry. solid of types ent differ- for determined was minutes, 120 to up of ods mumloadcapacity, depending resistancefireon peri- maxi- The [34]. 3 Part 001ETAG accordingto tested fire- were ties bolt protection fire Bettermann's OBO 5.3.3 Bolt tie able suit-for cracked concrete equally in ceilings. is tie bolt The required. not is edges ry mason- nearmounting and developforces spreading No anchor. additional an for need no is There hole. drill the into directly screwed are ties bolt protection ferentmasonryabsolutely typesare sufficient. fireThe dif- determinedthecapacitiesaccount,the loadfor to Chapter 5 | Anchorings 149 Chapter 5 | Anchorings

5.4 Fastening on steel structures As steel girders may usually not be drilled through, In industrial construction, steel constructions are fre- the only other option is fastening with clamping com- quently used for the building structures. Steel girders ponents. Thus, profiles can be used to mount a and supports can also be found in power stations. clamping unit, which neither destroys a fire protection However, at approx. 500 °C, steel loses half of its re- coating nor plate panelling. sistance, so that, if there is a fire, the building structures are exposed to a high risk. Thus, unprotected A further fastening type is the mounting of light-duty steel does not possess fire resistance, meaning that suspension systems with steel girder clamps. The special measures are necessary, such as treatment fixed points on the steel girder may need to be re- with fire protection coatings or lining with non-com- worked with fire protection paints. It is not wise to use bustible plates. steel girder clamps on supports lined with plates.

At first, fastening of support systems to steel girders seems barely possible. However, if the supporting steel elements of the building are unprotected, other technical equipment, e.g. smoke extraction or automatic extinguishing systems, can compensate for the bad properties of the steel in case of fire by limiting the critical temperatures. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

150 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 utbe ne cran odtos o te atnn of fastening the only for conditions certain under firstly suitable are components steel with wooden as constructions, and, material combustible a is Wood used in construction (structural engineering). sourceenvironmentaland,for reasons,increasingly is also becoming ever more popular as a sustainable re- is wood And possible. are binders glue using widths a span largestructures with halladdition, ventionally.In present con- not erected buildings than fire do a during risk greater buildings these measures, tion with protec- erected fire suitable be With structures. support will wooden buildings more ever future, In 5.5 Fastening on wooden components the wood. pendonthe type ofwood and the moisture content of de- rates combustion The class. resistance fire sired de- the on depending cross-section, wooden quired standardtionratesaare meanscalculating for re-the combus- The stage. early an at occur cannot ca-pacity carrying the of failure that way a such in sioned dimen- be componentmustwooden combustion.The furtherdelayswhichcreated is layerinsulated an ing, burn- Whenproperty: good very a has wood fire, a is resistanceachievefireHowever,a all. thereclassat if to order in constructions, the in used also are elling pan- and Coatings installations. electrical fire-tested Chapter 5 | Anchorings 151 Chapter 5 | Anchorings

Taking the combustion rates into account, various cable support systems for electrical safety systems with the maintenance of electrical functionality classes E 30 and E 60 can be fastened to wooden components. Wood screws with a suitable steel cross-section and sufficient embedment depth are used for fastening. The long screws drill deep into the cross-section of the wooden beam, ensuring a secure hold of the mounted support systems, despite burning. Various mounting variants are documented in a fire protection survey.

Characteristic density Burn rate Wood type Structure [kg/m3] [mm/min] Pine and beech Laminated timber ≥ 290 0.70 Solid wood ≥ 290 0.80 Hardwood Solid wood or laminated timber ≥ 290 0.70 ≥ 450 0.55 Veneer timber ≥ 480 0.70 Plates (min. 20 mm) Wood panelling ≥ 450 0.90 Plywood ≥ 450 1.00 Wooden panels made of plywood ≥ 450 0.90 Table 15: Burn rates of various wooden components according to EN 1995-1-2 [35]

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Chapter 5 | Anchorings 153 154

6 Fire protection from OBO Bettermann 6.1 A short trip through the history of "BSS" OBO Bettermann has been working on the development of fire protection systems for more than 40 years. In the 1970s, with its first proprietary insulation system "NEUWA/BAK", it entered new territory for safe electrical installations. The tests at the materials testing office in Dortmund and the approval by the then Institut für Bautechnik, now Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik DIBt in Berlin, led to the market launch in the early 1980s and represent a first step for OBO's "safety systems". This period also saw the first basic fire tests on cable support systems for the supply of safety-relevant electrical systems. The experiments and experience gained were considered pioneering work and led to the involvement in the creation of a testing standard on the part of the OBO Bettermann experts. The testing standard DIN 4102 Part 12, published in 1998, retains validity even today.

OBO Bettermann continuously expanded the product range of the fire protection systems. Insulation systems were added and lightweight concrete fire protection ducts for installation in escape and rescue routes and for the maintenance of electrical functionality in Test structure of the first OBO cable insulation the event of a fire supplemented the portfolio. After the catastrophic fire at Düsseldorf Airport in 1996, with 17 dead and 88 seriously injured, the construction regulations for cable systems in false ceilings were increased. OBO Bettermann took this opportunity to check and document the cable support systems for their mechanical stability and the deformation behaviour in a fire when used above suspended false fire protection ceilings. These proven safe routing systems again set a new standard in the field of electrical installations.

For years, OBO Bettermann has focused on internationally proven fire protection solutions. Some of the systems currently in the portfolio not only possess the proof of suitability for national use on the German market but are also suitable for global use, on account of European and other international documents.

Start of the topic of fire protection at OBO First industrial projects in the field of insulation First fire experiments

Participation in the first German standard for maintaining the supply of electricity Execution of the first test for electricity supply maintenance

First approval for mortar insula-

tion Inclusion of further insulation in the delivery pro- gramme BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

156

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 load post-activation load fire the of area the in cushions protection Fire ply maintaining the electrical sup- dard support structures for First surveyor's report for stan- PYROLINE Introduction of the tection duct ® Con fire pro- false ceiling mounting in Germany First testing of routing systems for fire the supply of electricity in a pean standard for maintaining Participation in the first Euro- bandages First approval for cable Simulation of the reaction behaviour of insulation material insulation of behaviour reaction the of Simulation Introduction of the PYROLINE fire protection duct Chapter 6 | Fire protection from OBO Bettermann OBO fire protection history by numbers by history protection fire OBO of fire protection! OBO celebrates 40 years bre optic cables fire protection duct for fi- PYROLINE Introduction of the proval Fire insulation with UL ap- ® Rapid ® Fibre Optics 157 Chapter 6 | Fire protection from OBO Bettermann

6.2 Engineering and support The fire protection experts at OBO Bettermann can also help if there are problems and deviations in the Customer Service conception of fire protection measures. Competent OBO field service employees are available for individ- Tel.: +49 23 73 89 - 17 00 ual consultation and construction site support. They will support you in working out the problem and offer Monday to Thursday 7.30 a.m.–5.00 p.m. the first solution options. If the requirements become Friday 7.30 a.m.–3.00 p.m. more difficult, fire protection product management at the head office in Menden comes into play. Great experience and direct contact to surveyors and the materials testing institutes can often deal with deviations from approvals and test certifications through the use of compensation measures. OBO has already implemented many special solutions in this field, in particular in existing buildings and the renovation of buildings. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

158 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 or project seminar content is also possible. plementationeverydaysituations.in Specificcustomer concernstheoreticalim-principles,thisthe as well As regulations.importantstandardsandmost the on tion informa- with along explained are developments and trends Current engineers.construction and architects engineers, planners,workersinelectricalwholesalers, installation e.g. installations,electrical of branches all cal engineering, OBO Bettermann supports users from and electri- in seminarsprotection fire of subject of the on workshops range comprehensive a Through 6.3 Seminars Chapter 6 | Fire protection from OBO Bettermann 159 160

"We fire protection experts are also responsible for safe electrical installations."

Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Stefan Ring Head of the Fire Protection Systems Business Unit BSS at OBO Bettermann

7.1 About the author During his activities, Stefan Ring successfully complet- After his studies as an electronics engineer for energy ed training as a specialist planner and surveyor for devices, Stefan Ring, who was born in 1968, studied construction fire protection at the European Institute electrical engineering at Fachhochschule Dortmund, for Postgraduate Education EIPOS e.V. in Dresden. with special emphasis on electrical energy technology, and was awarded the title of Diplom-Ingenieur (FH) in Besides his work activities, Stefan Ring has been ac- October 1994. He has worked as the fire protection tive with the voluntary fire brigade in his home town of expert at OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG in Men- Bergkamen for over 30 years, as the Chief Fire Officer den, Sauerland, since 2005. He was first active in the with the Weddinghofen fire engine. In addition, he has field of product management, but changed to the run the BSB surveyor's office since 2013, also in strategic marketing division in 2014, in order to pro- Bergkamen-Weddinghofen. vide help and assistance to OBO's sales companies. On 1 January 2016, Stefan Ring also took over the leadership of the Fire Protection Systems Business Unit (BU BSS) at OBO Bettermann.

As an expert in structural fire protection in electrical installation technology, Mr Ring receives invitations to training courses, seminars and trade fairs in Germany and abroad. He thus supports the marketing activities of the company. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

162 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 Chapter 7 | Imprint 163 Chapter 7 | Imprint

BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13

164 BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 [35] EN 1995-1-2: Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 1-2: General - Structural fire design cut anchors [34] ETAG 001 Guideline for European Technical Approval of metal anchors for use in concrete - Part 3: Under- [33] NEN 2535 Fire safety of buildings - Fire alarm installations Building Materials (Belgium) Fighting Fire 713.020 NBN [32] electrical of erection and Selection 5-52: Partequipment - Wiring systems (HD - 60364-5-52:2011) installations electrical Low-voltage 0100-520 VDE DIN [31] data from reaction to fire tests on electric cables [30]EN 13501-6 Fire classification ofconstruction products and building elements Part- 6:Classification using for vertical flame spread of vertically mounted bunched wires or cables conditionsfire undercables fibre optical and electric on Tests - C 60332-3-24Cat. IEC [29] vertically mounted bunched wires or cables conditionsfire under cables for methods testCommon 50266-2-4 EN [28] [27] EN 61034-1, -2 See [26] apparatus; Part 2: Test procedure and requirements 61034-1,[26]IECMeasurement -2 smokeofdensitycables ofburning under defined conditions [25] IEC 60574-2 See [24] and conductivity Part3-1: Determination ofdegree ofacidity ofgases for cables bydetermination ofthe weighted average ofpH cablesfrom material combustionof conditionsfire undercables formethods test Common -3 50267-2,EN [24] [23] IEC 60331-11, -12, -13 See [22] conditions fire under effect isolation of continuancecords; flexible and wires cables, of Testing0472-814 VDE DIN [22] ings, service shafts and ducts [21]DIN 4102-11 Fire behaviour ofbuilding materials and building components; pipe encasements, pipe bush- [20] System Floors Directive M-SysBöR (Germany) of application and classified synopsis building components; materials, components building and special and components materials building of behaviour Fire 4102-4 DIN [19] of electric cable maintenanceintegritycomponents:Circuit building andmaterials building of behaviourFire 4102-12 DIN [18] [17] EN 50266-2-2 see [16] for vertical flame spread of vertically mounted bunched wires or cables conditionsfire undercables fibre optical andelectric on Tests - A 60332-3-22Cat. IEC [16] [15] DIN 4102-9 Fire behaviour of building materials and elements; seals for cable penetrations [14] ANSI/UL 1479 ing data from reaction to fire tests EBA RWS HCM HC ZTV-ING ISO 834-1 see [9] [11] Fire course curves: tions, requirements and tests defini- components;Building components; building and materials building of behaviour Fire 4102-2 DIN [10] [9] ISO 834-1 Fire resistance tests [8] EN 13501 Fire classification of construction products and building elements [7] EN 1366-3 Fire resistance tests for service installations [6] EN 1363-1 Fire resistance tests [5] CPR Construction Products Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011 [4] ÖVE ÖNORM E 8002 [3] Master Cable Systems Directive (MLAR) (Germany) [2] MBO - Model Building Regulations (Germany) [1] CTIF 7.2 Sources [13] EN 13501-1 Fire classification of construction products and building elementsbuildingconstructionandproducts classification of Fire 13501-1 EN [13] data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services [12]EN 13501-2 Fire classification ofconstruction products and building elements Part- 2:Classification using – – Hydrocarbon Curve – – Temperature curve of the Federal Railway Authority (Germany) Rijks-Waterstaat (The Netherlands) Modified Hydrocarbon Curve – – World Fire Statistics 2014 Additional technical terms of contract and guidelines for civil engineering works (Germany) – Fire Test of Through-Penetration Firestops – Power installation and safety power supply in communal facilities (Austria) – Fire Performance of Building Materials and Products and Materials Building of Performance Fire – – Elements of building construction – Part 1: General requirements Part 2-1: Procedures; determination of the amount of halogen acid gas; acidhalogen of amount the Procedures;determinationof 2-1: Part – Part 2-4: Procedures; Category C – Part 3: Penetration seals – – – Part 1: General requirements Category C Category A – – Test for vertical flame spread of spread flame vertical for Test Tests on gases evolved duringevolvedgases on Tests – Part 1: Classificationus- 1: Part – Fire Resistance of Resistance Fire – – Part 3-22: Test 3-22: Part Part 3-24: Test 3-24: Part Chapter 7 | Imprint – 165 Part 1: Test1:Part Chapter 7 | Imprint

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