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Cable Tray SHIB.FINAL.Pmd U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration Directorate of Technical Support & Emergency Management Office of Technical Programs and Coordination Activities Safely Installing, Maintaining and Inspecting Cable Trays Safety and Health Information Bulletin SHIB 01-16-2008 Purpose This Safety and Health Information Bulletin (SHIB) is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new The purpose of this Safety and Health Information legal obligations. The Bulletin is advisory in nature, Bulletin is to: informational in content, and is intended to assist • Review the proper methods for safely employers in providing a safe and healthful installing, maintaining and inspecting electrical workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act cable trays; requires employers to comply with safety and health • Provide information regarding the hazards of standards promulgated by OSHA or by a state with overloaded cable trays; an OSHA-approved state plan. In addition, pursuant • Identify specific Occupational Safety and to Section 5(a)(1), the General Duty Clause of the Health Administration (OSHA) regulatory Act, employers must provide their employees with a requirements and National Electrical Code® workplace free from recognized hazards likely to (NEC) guidance that address the proper cause death or serious physical harm. Employers can installation and maintenance of cable trays; be cited for violating the General Duty Clause if there • Recognize electrical cable tray misuse that is a recognized hazard and they do not take can lead to electric shock and arc-flash/blast reasonable steps to prevent or abate the hazard. events and fires caused by overheating. However, failure to implement any recommendations in this SHIB is not, in itself, a violation of the General OSHA Regulations and Industry Consensus Duty Clause. Citations can only be based on Standards that Apply to Cable Trays standards, regulations, and the General Duty Clause. The use and installation of cable trays is covered by Although the recently promulgated electrical legally enforceable OSHA regulations in 29 CFR standards for general industry at 29 CFR 1910 1910.305(a)(3), or comparable standards Subpart S (72 FR 7136—7221, February 14, 2007) promulgated by States operating OSHA-approved are based on the 2002 edition of the NEC, OSHA State plans. In addition, this document contains has not conducted rulemaking to adopt all of the several references to provisions of the National requirements of the NEC (or subsequent revisions) Electric Code (NEC), which is published by the and, therefore, cannot enforce those requirements. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The However, industry consensus standards such as the 2005 edition of NEC is listed as a reference in NEC and others referenced throughout this Bulletin Appendix A – “Reference Documents” of OSHA can be used by employers as guidance for conducting Subpart S, Electrical (1910.301 through 1910.399). hazard analyses and selecting effective control While these references provide nonmandatory measures. information that can be helpful in understanding and complying with Subpart S, compliance with the The National Electrical Manufacturers Association referenced provisions of the NEC is not required and (NEMA) also publishes three consensus standards is not a substitute for compliance with any applicable that apply to the proper manufacture and installation OSHA standards. of cable trays: ANSI/NEMA-VE 1-1998, Metal Cable Tray Systems; NEMA-VE 2-1996, Metal Cable Tray Installation Guidelines; and NEMA-FG- 1998, Nonmetallic Cable Tray Systems. Cable Trays According to OSHA 1910.399, a cable tray system is “[a] unit or assembly of units or sections and associated fittings forming a rigid structural system used to securely fasten or support cables and raceways. Cable tray systems include ladders, troughs, channels, solid bottom trays, and other similar Figure 1. Ladder cable tray, ventilated cable tray, structures.” Cable trays are not raceways, but they solid-trough cable tray. are treated as a structural component of a facility’s covers must be installed to a minimum height of 2.5m electrical system. Cable trays are a part of a planned (8 ft.) above grade such as where cable trays are cable management system to support, route, protect exposed to physical damage from vehicular traffic. and provide a pathway for cable systems. Cable trays Ventilated louvers also protect the cables and support cables across open spans in the same way facilitate cooling by allowing natural convection (heat that roadway bridges support traffic. dissipation) to occur. Cable trays can provide a safe component of a power, Cable Tray Use low voltage control, data or telecommunications wiring distribution system. Cables in trays can be easy to Cable trays can be used in a variety of settings. mark, find, and remove. Their flexibility makes cable Cable trays can be rated for outdoors, indoors, trays a good choice for installation situations that corrosive and classified hazardous locations, and require upgrading, reconfiguring, or relocation. areas with high electrical noise and vibration. As with any electrical equipment, cable trays and the Cable trays are available in a number of different wiring contained in the trays must be listed, labeled configurations, including ladder, ventilated trough, or otherwise approved, pursuant to the requirements ventilated channel, solid bottom, wire mesh, single rail of 29 CFR § 1910.303(a). The National Electrical and other configurations. They come in a wide variety Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standard VE of shapes and sizes, with a host of hanging options that 1-2002 provides guidance for metal cable trays and are able to meet almost any installation need. Cable associated fittings designed for use in accordance trays are manufactured of steel, stainless steel, with the rules of the NEC. NEMA Standard VE 2- aluminum and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP). They 2006 addresses shipping, handling, storing, and also are available with special finishes including installing cable tray systems; it also provides polyvinylchloride (PVC) coated and galvanized finish. information on cable tray maintenance and system A significant portion of cable trays used in industry modification. Compliance with these standards helps today are aluminum. Aluminum, steel and coated-steel to ensure safe loading and the electrical continuity of cable trays, all being metallic, may be used as cable tray systems. equipment grounding conductors in accordance with OSHA 1910.305(a)(3)(iii). This requirement is Cable trays may be designed to cross through mirrored by the guidance provided by NEC Section partitions and walls, as well as go vertically through 392.3(C). Depending on the need, covers and platforms and floors. ventilated louvers or slats are available for all trays. Covers physically protect the cables as well as However, where cable trays (and the conductors shielding the cable jackets from the sun’s ultraviolet and cables they contain) pass through fire-rated radiation when used outdoors. Suitable guards or partitions, walls and floors, appropriate fire-stops 2 should be provided in accordance with NEC Section 300.21 to prevent the spread of a fire or the by- products of combustion. Typically, specific building codes should be consulted and the design and oversight should be done by a qualified engineer. Use of cable trays is popular in hazardous locations where concentrations of flammable or combustible gases, vapors and dusts exist. However, the improper use of cable trays in these environments could result in an explosion. 29 CFR § 1910.305(a)(3)(iv) requires that cable trays in hazardous (classified) locations contain only the cable types permitted in such locations (see 1910.307 for details on hazardous (classified) locations). In addition, the NEC also contains specific requirements for wiring in hazardous Figure 3. Electrical wires in multiple cable trays. or classified environments. For example, NEC Section 392.3(D) states that cable trays in hazardous requirements. The appropriate size and number of locations should contain only the wiring permitted in cable trays for an installation depends on the number specific sections of Chapter 500 (Sections 501.10, and size of conductors included and the allowable fill 502.10, 503.10, 504.20 and 505.15). area specified in the guidance provided by the NEC. Because cable trays offer flexibility for expansion and Proper Loading of Cable Trays changes, engineers and designers should design and size cable tray systems to anticipate both current and Since cable trays come in a wide variety of sizes, they future needs. can be designed to accommodate a wide range of loading configurations. Because of their flexibility, Load and Support Requirements cable trays are especially subject to overloading. Safe 29 CFR § 1910.303(b)(8) requires the appropriate and permissible loading of cable trays is governed by mounting and cooling of electrical equipment. three criteria: manufacturer-specified weight Additionally, guidance provided in NEC Section restrictions; limitations of cable fill because of cross- 392.6(C) states, in part, that cable trays shoul be sectional area limitations; and conductor spacing supported at intervals in accordance with the installation instructions. This straightforward approach is corroborated in 29 CFR § 1910.303(b)(2), which states that “listed or labeled equipment shall be used or installed in accordance with any instructions included
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