Technical Information Handbook Wire and Cable
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How to Choose the Right Cable Category
How to Choose the Right Cable Category Why do I need a different category of cable? Not too long ago, when local area networks were being designed, each work area outlet typically consisted of one Category 3 circuit for voice and one Category 5e circuit for data. Category 3 cables consisted of four loosely twisted pairs of copper conductor under an overall jacket and were tested to 16 megahertz. Category 5e cables, on the other hand, had its four pairs more tightly twisted than the Category 3 and were tested up to 100 megahertz. The design allowed for voice on one circuit and data on the other. As network equipment data rates increased and more network devices were finding their way onto the network, this design quickly became obsolete. Companies wisely began installing all Category 5e circuits with often three or more circuits per work area outlet. Often, all circuits, including voice, were fed off of patch panels. This design allowed information technology managers to use any circuit as either a voice or a data circuit. Overbuilding the system upfront, though it added costs to the original project, ultimately saved money since future cable additions or cable upgrades would cost significantly more after construction than during the original construction phase. By installing all Category 5e cables, they knew their infrastructure would accommodate all their network needs for a number of years and that they would be ready for the next generation of network technology coming down the road. Though a Category 5e cable infrastructure will safely accommodate the widely used 10 and 100 megabit-per-second (Mbits/sec) Ethernet protocols, 10Base-T and 100Base-T respectively, it may not satisfy the needs of the higher performing Ethernet protocol, gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbits/sec), also referred to as 1000Base-T. -
US Reports: Copperweld Corp. V. Independence Tube Corp
OCTOBER TERM, 1983 Syllabus 467 U. S. COPPERWELD CORP. ET AL. v. INDEPENDENCE TUBE CORP. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT No. 82-1260. Argued December 5, 1983-Decided June 19, 1984 Petitioner Copperweld Corp. purchased petitioner Regal Tube Co., a man- ufacturer of steel tubing, from Lear Siegler, Inc., which had operated Regal as an unincorporated division, and which under the sale agree- ment was bound not to compete with Regal for five years. Copperweld then transferred Regal's assets to a newly formed, wholly owned subsid- iary. Shortly before Copperweld acquired Regal, David Grohne, who previously had been an officer of Regal, became an officer of Lear Siegler, and, while continuing to work for Lear Siegler, formed respond- ent corporation to compete with Regal. Respondent then gave Yoder Co. a purchase order for a tubing mill, but Yoder voided the order when it received a letter from Copperweld warning that Copperweld would be greatly concerned if Grohne contemplated competing with Regal and promising to take the necessary steps to protect Copperweld's rights under the noncompetition agreement with Lear Siegler. Respondent then arranged to have a mill supplied by another company. Thereafter, respondent filed an action in Federal District Court against petitioners and Yoder. The jury found, inter alia, that petitioners had conspired to violate § 1 of the Sherman Act but that Yoder was not part of the con- spiracy, and awarded treble damages against petitioners. The Court of Appeals affirmed. -
Best Practice Guide to Cable Ladder and Cable Tray Systems
Best Practice Guide to Cable Ladder and Cable Tray Systems Channel Support Systems and other Associated Supports November 2012 BEAMA Best Practice Guide to Cable Ladder and Cable Tray Systems Including Channel Support Systems and other Associated Supports Companies involved in the preparation of this Guide Contents INTRODUCTION 5 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 6 1. Packing Handling and Storage 8 1.1 General Packing and Handling 8 1.2 Loading and offloading recommendations 9 1.3 Storage 11 2A. Installation of the system 12 2.1 Common tools for Installation 12 2.2 Structural characteristics 12 2.3 Support Systems 18 2.4 Straight cable ladder and cable tray lengths 29 2.5 Coupler types (refer to manufacturer’s literature) 32 2.6 Fixings 36 2.7 Fittings 36 2.8 Accessories 39 2.9 Site modification 39 2.10 Earth protection and EMC 40 2B. Installation of Cable 41 2.11 Preparation 41 2.12 Wiring Regulations 41 2.13 Power Cables 41 2.14 Data Cables 46 2.15 Expansion 46 2.16 Electro Mechanical Effects 46 3. Environment 48 3.1 Selecting the right material and finish 48 3.2 Finishes 56 3.3 Non-Metallic systems 61 3.4 Loadings 63 3.5 Temperature 65 4. Health & Safety 67 5. Maintenance 68 5.1 Inspection 68 5.2 Removal of cables 68 5.3 On site repairs 68 6. Sustainability 69 6.1 Sustainable development 69 6.2 REACH regulations 69 6.3 The management of WEEE and RoHS 69 6.4 Environmental footprint 70 7. Applicable Standards 71 Companies involved in the preparation of this Guide 72 FIGURES Figure 1: Methods of removal 9 Figure 2: Loaded beams 13 Figure -
Book IG 1800 British Telecom Rev A.Book
Notice to Users ©2003 2Wire, Inc. All rights reserved. This manual in whole or in part, may not be reproduced, translated, or reduced to any machine-readable form without prior written approval. 2WIRE PROVIDES NO WARRANTY WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL, THE SOFTWARE, OR OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL, THE SOFTWARE, OR SUCH OTHER INFORMATION, IN NO EVENT SHALL 2WIRE, INC. BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON TORT, CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS MANUAL, THE SOFTWARE, OR OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN OR THE USE THEREOF. 2Wire, Inc. reserves the right to make any modification to this manual or the information contained herein at any time without notice. The software described herein is governed by the terms of a separate user license agreement. Updates and additions to software may require an additional charge. Subscriptions to online service providers may require a fee and credit card information. Financial services may require prior arrangements with participating financial institutions. © British Telecommunications Plc 2002. BTopenworld and the BTopenworld orb are registered trademarks of British Telecommunications plc. British Telecommunications Plc registered office is at 81 Newgate Street, London EC1A 7AJ, registered in England No. 180000. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Owner’s Record The serial number is located on the bottom of your Intelligent Gateway. Record the serial number in the space provided here and refer to it when you call Customer Care. Serial Number:__________________________ Safety Information • Use of an alternative power supply may damage the Intelligent Gateway, and will invalidate the approval that accompanies the Intelligent Gateway. -
Offshore Wind Submarine Cable Spacing Guidance
Offshore Wind Submarine Cable Spacing Guidance Contract # E14PC00005 United States Department of Interior Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement December 2014, For Public Use Offshore Wind Submarine Cable Spacing Guidance Contract # E14PC00005 United States Department of Interior Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement December 2014, For Public Use The authors gratefully acknowledge permission of the Crown Estate to base parts of this report on their study “Principles of Cable Routing and Spacing (2012)”, Reference ID 8 in this report Document Control Responsible for Job Title Name Date Signature Chris Sturgeon Cables specialist Jim Hodder Cables specialist Colin Poat Cables specialist Content 2014-12-15 Cables specialist Steven Drew Principal Environmental Consultant Rachel McCall EHS Senior Consultant Tanjia Maynard Checked EHS Senior Consultant Tanjia Maynard 2014-12-15 Approval Principal Engineer Jim Doane 2014-12-15 Copyright: PMSS © Document Reference: 734300670/140708 Signatures in this approval box have checked this document in line with the requirements of QP16 This report has been prepared by TÜV SÜD PMSS and Red Penguin Associates with all reasonable skill and care, within the terms of the contract with the Client. The report contains information from sources and data which we believe to be reliable but we have not confirmed that reliability and make no representation as to their accuracy or completeness. The draft report is confidential to the Client and TÜV SÜD PMSS accepts no responsibility to any third party to whom information in this report may be disclosed. No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior written approval of TÜV SÜD PMSS © TÜV SÜD PMSS 2014 Offshore Wind Submarine Cable Spacing Guidance 1 Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement Table of Contents Abbreviations 2 1. -
Lecture 9: More About Wires and Wire Models
Lecture 9: More about wires and wire models Computer Systems Laboratory Stanford University [email protected] Copyright © 2007 Ron Ho, Mark Horowitz R Ho EE371 Lecture 9 Spring 2006-2007 1 Introduction • Readings • Today’s topics – Wires become more important with scaling • Smaller features mean faster devices but not faster wires. – Different kinds of wires have different scaled performance • Wires that scale in length • Wires that are fixed-length – How to deal with and estimate wire performance R Ho EE371 Lecture 9 Spring 2006-2007 2 A modern technology is mostly wires • Cross-section, Intel’s 65nm tech – 8 metal layers – Low-κr dielectrics (κr = 2.7) – Wires are 2x taller than wide • Wires are here • Transistors are here P. Bai, et al., “A 65nm logic technology featuring 35nm gate lengths, enhanced channel strain, 8 Cu interconnect…,” IEDM 2004. R Ho EE371 Lecture 9 Spring 2006-2007 3 Resistance, revisited… Resistance is resistivity/area, but… • Copper needs a diffusion barrier that reduces its cross-section – Also, barrier may not be evenly deposited • Copper can be overpolished – Can cause dishing (less thick) • Electrons can scatter off the edges – Happens more for thinner wires – Increases the base resistivity t w P. Kapur, “Technology and reliability constrained future copper interconnects: Resistance modeling,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, April 2002. R Ho EE371 Lecture 9 Spring 2006-2007 4 Capacitance, revisited… Model capacitance by four plates, each κ(A/d) • Plus a near-constant fringe term 0.1fF/um (fringe scales slowly) • Relative dielectrics differ, with low-κ within a layer – SiOF (3.5) or SiOC (2.5) – Reduces (dominant) sidewall cap – Wires are taller than they are wide κr2 •No low-κ between wire layers κr1 κr1 – For material strength κr2 s ILD A “sandwich” model R. -
Offshore Wind Submarine Cabling Overview Fisheries Technical Working Group
OFFSHOREoverview WIND SUBMARINE CABLING Fisheries Technical Working Group Final Report | Report Number 21-14 | April 2021 NYSERDA’s Promise to New Yorkers: NYSERDA provides resources, expertise, and objective information so New Yorkers can make confident, informed energy decisions. Our Vision: New York is a global climate leader building a healthier future with thriving communities; homes and businesses powered by clean energy; and economic opportunities accessible to all New Yorkers. Our Mission: Advance clean energy innovation and investments to combat climate change, improving the health, resiliency, and prosperity of New Yorkers and delivering benefits equitably to all. Courtesy, Equinor, Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm Offshore Wind Submarine Cabling Overview Fisheries Technical Working Group Final Report Prepared for: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Albany, NY Morgan Brunbauer Offshore Wind Marine Fisheries Manager Prepared by: Tetra Tech, Inc. Boston, MA Brian Dresser Director of Fisheries Programs NYSERDA Report 21-14 NYSERDA Contract 111608A April 2021 Notice This report was prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. in the course of performing work contracted for and sponsored by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (hereafter “NYSERDA”). The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of NYSERDA or the State of New York, and reference to any specific product, service, process, or method does not constitute an implied or expressed recommendation or endorsement of it. Further, NYSERDA, the State of New York, and the contractor make no warranties or representations, expressed or implied, as to the fitness for particular purpose or merchantability of any product, apparatus, or service, or the usefulness, completeness, or accuracy of any processes, methods, or other information contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this report. -
Guidance Notes on Recommended Specifications of Junction Box and Cable Tray for Offshore Application
Guidance Notes on Recommended Specifications of Junction Box and Cable Tray for Offshore Application GUIDANCE NOTES ON RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS OF JUNCTION BOX AND CABLE TRAY FOR OFFSHORE APPLICATION FEBRUARY 2018 American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State of New York 1862 2018 American Bureau of Shipping. All rights reserved. ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Foreword Foreword These Guidance Notes provide ABS recommendations for the design and construction of cable trays and junction boxes. These Guidance Notes are applicable to fixed and floating offshore structures as well as drilling units. These Guidance Notes provide recommendations and best practices for standard specifications of certain electrical and instrumentation components thus improving cost efficiency (i.e., design man-hours, operation and maintenance costs), and increasing predictability of operation without compromising quality and safety in offshore structures and units. The recommendations in these Guidance Notes are based on industrial experiences, project experience, shipyard practices, manufacturer’s data sheets, national regulations, international standards, and ABS Rules. These Guidance Notes become effective on the first day of the month of publication. Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of these Guidance Notes is the most current. We welcome your feedback. Comments or suggestions can be sent electronically by email to [email protected]. Terms of Use The information presented herein is intended solely to assist the reader in the methodologies and/or techniques discussed. These Guidance Notes do not and cannot replace the analysis and/or advice of a qualified professional. -
Copperweld Corporation V. Independence Tube Corporation: the Ed Ath of a Doctrine John T
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@Pace Pace Law Review Volume 5 Article 6 Issue 4 Summer 1985 June 1985 Copperweld Corporation v. Independence Tube Corporation: The eD ath of a Doctrine John T. O'Connor Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr Recommended Citation John T. O'Connor, Copperweld Corporation v. Independence Tube Corporation: The Death of a Doctrine , 5 Pace L. Rev. 879 (1985) Available at: http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr/vol5/iss4/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copperweld Corporation v. Independence Tube Corporation: The Death of a Doctrine I. Introduction In Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp.,' a di- vided Supreme Court2 held that a corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary are legally incapable of conspiring to restrain trade in violation of section one of the Sherman Antitrust Act.3 In doing so, the Court clarified a previously confused area of an- titrust law and expressly repudiated the intraenterprise conspir- 5 acy doctrine.4 Under the intraenterprise conspiracy doctrine, enunciated in earlier Supreme Court decisions, common owner- ship of separately incorporated entities did not exempt the ac- tions of those entities from section one scrutiny, which prohibits contracts, combinations, or conspiracies in restraint of trade.' 1. 104 S. Ct. 2731 (1984). -
Fire Protection Guide for Electrical Installations
Fire protection guide for electrical installations Building Connections Table of contents In the second edition of this fire protection guide, we have again compiled lots of useful information. The in- terconnections of fire protection between different types of technical building equipment are now ex- plained in even more detail. Perhaps you will find some new information in this edition which can help you in the planning and implementation of fire protec- tion systems. BSS Brandschutzleitfaden für die Elektroinstallation / en / 2019/03/22 08:28:10 08:28:10 (LLExport_04692) / 2019/03/22 08:28:13 2 Table of contents Fire protection guide for electrical installations Table of contents 1 General introduction 7 1.1 Construction law 12 1.2 The four pillars of fire protection 18 1.3 Construction products 26 1.4 Fire protection concepts 32 2 Maintenance of the fire sections – protection aim 1 36 2.1 Components closing rooms – firewalls 36 2.2 Requirements for cable penetrations - insulation 36 2.3 Proofs of usability 39 2.4 Construction types of cable and combination insulation 42 2.5 Applications and special applications 52 2.6 Selection aid and OBO Construct BSS 60 2.7 Building in old buildings 62 2.8 Cable bandages 65 3 Protection of escape routes – protection aim 2 75 3.1 What is an escape and rescue route? 75 3.2 Installations in lightweight partitions 78 3.3 Installation in false ceilings 80 3.4 Installations in underfloor systems 91 3.5 Shielding with plate material 93 3.6 Cable routing in fire protection ducts 94 4 Maintaining the electrical -
Analysis and Study the Performance of Coaxial Cable Passed on Different Dielectrics
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 3 (2018) pp. 1664-1669 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com Analysis and Study the Performance of Coaxial Cable Passed On Different Dielectrics Baydaa Hadi Saoudi Nursing Department, Technical Institute of Samawa, Iraq. Email:[email protected] Abstract Coaxial cable virtually keeps all the electromagnetic wave to the area inside it. Due to the mechanical properties, the In this research will discuss the more effective parameter is coaxial cable can be bent or twisted, also it can be strapped to the type of dielectric mediums (Polyimide, Polyethylene, and conductive supports without inducing unwanted currents in Teflon). the cable. The speed(S) of electromagnetic waves propagating This analysis of the performance related to dielectric mediums through a dielectric medium is given by: with respect to: Dielectric losses and its effect upon cable properties, dielectrics versus characteristic impedance, and the attenuation in the coaxial line for different dielectrics. The C: the velocity of light in a vacuum analysis depends on a simple mathematical model for coaxial cables to test the influence of the insulators (Dielectrics) µr: Magnetic relative permeability of dielectric medium performance. The simulation of this work is done using εr: Dielectric relative permittivity. Matlab/Simulink and presents the results according to the construction of the coaxial cable with its physical properties, The most common dielectric material is polyethylene, it has the types of losses in both the cable and the dielectric, and the good electrical properties, and it is cheap and flexible. role of dielectric in the propagation of electromagnetic waves. -
Burndyweld Wire Mesh.Qxd
BURNDYWeld™ Prefabricated Wire Mesh Grounding • Personal Safety Mats • Equipotential Planes • Signal Reference Grid Prefabricated wire mesh is: • manufactured from bare solid copper or copperclad conductors • spaced on 4”, 6” or 12” centers • factory silver brazed at each crossover using 35% silver and a non-corrosive flux • furnished in sections with widths from 2 ft to 18 ft (length limited by weight) • shipped on tubes and protected for transporting • interconnected in the field using BURNDYWeld™ molds and powder Prefabricated Wire Mesh Part Number Description Weight/Sq Ft. #10 Solid Copper Wire Mesh on 4” Centers 0.192 Contact #6 Solid Copper Wire Mesh on 4” Centers 0.487 Factory #6 Solid Copper Wire Mesh on 6” Centers 0.325 #6 Solid Copper Wire Mesh on 12” Centers 0.163 Copperclad Wire Mesh May Be Ordered Contact Factory for Part Numbers When ordering, specify wire type and size, width, length and spacing. Molds for Connecting Prefabricated Wire Mesh Wire Size Weld Mold Price Handle Weld Type Number Key Clamp Metal #6 Sol Copper BCC-14 B-6205 18 included #25 #6 Sol Copperweld BCC-14 B-6207 18 included #15 #8 Sol Copper BCC-14 B-6209 18 included #15 #8 Sol Copperweld BCC-14 B-6210 18 included #15 #10 Sol Copper BCB-34 B-6211 18 included #15 Adjoining sections of mesh are to be #10 Sol Copperweld BCB-34 B-6212 18 included #15 exothermically welded by installer using BURNDYWeld™ molds and powder. Contact FCI - BURNDY® Products at 1-800-346-4175 or www.fciconnect.com BURNDYWeld™ Prefabricated Wire Mesh The prefabricated wire mesh is a convenient, efficient and economical means of improving grounding systems at facilities where large area grounds are required.