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DTTK 3 09 Materie.Indd 5 07-09-2009 13:35:22 6 Jens Bruun Kofoed INTRODUKTION Mod en skandinavisk missional ekklesiologi 3 ARTIKLER Missional ekklesiologi En teologihistorisk analyse af en ekklesiologisk tradition 5 Missional kirke i Danmark 23 Missional folkekirke: En kirke med egenart? 39 Det bedste fra to verdener Missional kirke i spændingsfeltet mellem danske kulturer 56 Missional kirke: En marginal kirke? Mod en post-kristen ekklesiologi 77 Missional kirke: En kirke sendt til det danske folk 97 Dansk Dansk T idsskrift for INDHOLD T eologi og INTRODUKTION K Forord fra gæsteredaktøren irke Jens Bruun Kofoed 3 03 ARTIKLER Prolegomena til Israels historie Jens Bruun Kofoed 5 Virkelig verden – eller? Dansk Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke / 2009 / 03 / 36. årgang Om historisk troværdighed for patriarkfortællingen i Genesis Hans-Ole Bækgaard 25 ISRAELS HISTORIE I DET GAMLE TESTAMENTE: Jens Bruun Kofoed / Hans-Ole Bækgaard / Carsten Vang / Nicolai Winther-Nielsen / Tremper Longman / Kurt E. Larsen Exodus – teologisk myte eller historisk begivenhed? Carsten Vang 47 Israels bosættelse – om generobring af en historisk forpost Nicolai Winther-Nielsen 69 Statsdannelsen I DET GAMLE TESTAMENTE ISRAELS HISTORIE Jens Bruun Kofoed 91 Eksilet og tiden efter Tremper Longman 113 ANMELDELSER Når det regner på præsten Kurt E. Larsen 142 Hal Koch – en biografi Kurt E. Larsen 143 Dansk Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke - Menighedsfakultetet - Katrinebjergvej 75 - DK-8200 Århus N 200 kr KURSUS SEKULARISERING Redaktør Jeppe B. Nikolajsen Redaktion Leif Andersen, Peter Thise, OG RELIGIØS VITALITET Morten H. Jensen, Andreas Ø. Nielsen, Klaus Vibe og Per D. Pedersen - Kristendom i Danmark Redaktionssekretær Henrik H. Hansen i det 21. århundrede Regnskabsfører Walther P. Hansen Layout og sats Graphic Care Mange kirkefolk ser sekularisering som tidens Trykkeri Handy-Print største udfordring – men hvad ved vi, og hvad Oplag 500 tror vi på? Nye interviews med danskere fra ISSN 1903-6523 alle samfundslag giver udtryk for kristendom i Hjemmeside www.teologisk-tidsskrift.dk Copyright Forfatterne og Dansk Tids- sammenblanding med stort set hvad som helst. skrift for Teologi og Kirke Men også for en forbavsende religiøs vitalitet - i Forsidebillede Stockxpert.com mange tilfælde sammen med en form for natio- nal selvforståelse.�Formålet med Økumenisk Ef- ABONNENTSPRISER terårskursus 2009 er at sætte fokus på vor tids Studerende indland DKK 150 sekularisering ud fra et økumenisk perspektiv, Studerende udland DKK 200 Privatpersoner indland DKK 250 hvor vi afsøger fælles betingelser i tiden snarere Privatpersoner udland DKK 300 end kirkelige skel. Institutioner indland DKK 350 Kurset giver baggrundsviden samt tid til drøftelse Institutioner udland DKK 400 og fordybelse i, hvorledes kirkefolk kan møde det 21. århundredes nye former for tro.��Økumenisk DANSK TIDSSKRIFT FOR TEOLOGI OG KIRKE Efterårskursus henvender sig til alle, der er en- Menighedsfakultetet gagerede og har ansvar i kirke og samfund: som Katrinebjergvej 75 menighedsrådsmedlem, kirkelig medarbejder, DK-8200 Århus N Telefon + 45 86 16 63 00 præst, bestyrelsesmedlem, aktiv i økumenisk Telefax + 45 86 16 68 60 samarbejde, leder, ansat eller frivillig medarbej- E-mail [email protected] der i en kirkelig organisation. Programmet vil veksle mellem oplæg, drøftelse, workshops og gudstjeneste. Dansk Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke Dansk Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke udgives af Menig- TID: hedsfakultetet i Århus. Dansk Tidsskrift for Teologi og Fredag den 6. til lørdag den 7. november 2009. Kirke udkom første gang i 1974. Tidsskriftet udgives fire gange årligt. Relevante artikler optages i følgende indekser: Elenchus Bibliographicus, International Zeit- STED: schriftenschau für Bibelwissenschaft und Grenzgebiete Hotel Nyborg Stand, 5800 Nyborg. og New Testament Abstracts. Endvidere uploades artik- ler på tidsskriftets hjemmeside. Tidsskriftet udgives med ARRANGØRER: støtte af undervisningsministeriets tips- og lottomidler Bibelselskabet,�Dansk Missionsråd,�Danske og af Menighedsfakultetet i Århus. Enhver er velkom- Kirker Råd,�Folkekirkens Mellemkirkelige men til at indsende artikler og debatindlæg for optagelse i tidsskriftet. Retningslinier for manuskripter tilsendes Råd,�Folkekirkens Nødhjælp�og Økumenisk Ungdom. på efterspørgsel. LÆS MERE PÅ: http://www.oekumenisk-efteraarskursus.dk 1 INTRODUKTION Forord fra gæsteredaktøren Jens Bruun Kofoed 3 ARTIKLER Prolegomena til Israels historie Jens Bruun Kofoed 5 Virkelig verden – eller? Om historisk troværdighed for patriarkfortællingen i Genesis Hans-Ole Bækgaard 25 Exodus – teologisk myte eller historisk begivenhed? Carsten Vang 47 Israels bosættelse – om generobring af en historisk forpost Nicolai Winther-Nielsen 69 Statsdannelsen Jens Bruun Kofoed 91 Eksilet og tiden efter Tremper Longman 113 ANMELDELSER Når det regner på præsten Kurt E. Larsen 142 Hal Koch – en biografi Kurt E. Larsen 143 INDHOLD Dansk Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke / 03 / 09 2 Hans Olav Okkels Dansk Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke / 03 / 09 Prolegomena til Israels historie 3 FORORD FRA GÆSTEREDAKTØREN Det moderne Israels første premierminister på den amerikanske arkæolog Albert Glock, David Ben Gurion sagde engang: ”Den, der som i 1980 blev udnævnt til leder for det tror, man ikke kan ændre historien, har al- nyligt oprettede Institute for Palestinian drig prøvet at skrive sine erindringer!” Her- Archaeology ved Birzeit University på Vest- med peger Ben Gurion naturligvis først og bredden, viste med al ønskelig tydelighed, fremmest på den kontrafaktiske pointe, at at rekonstruktionen af regionens arkæologi hvis ikke han og andre havde kæmpet hårdt og historie nu var blevet et betydningsfuldt og vedvarende for at realisere deres drøm, våben i den politiske og religiøse kamp for så havde han ikke den 14. maj 1948 kunnet retten til landet. Og selvom det ikke lige- udråbe den første selvstændige jødiske stat frem er kommet til fysisk vold, så viser en i mere end 2000 år. Samtidig antyder Ben række eksempler på nedsættende beteg- Gurions berømte dictum det, som skulle nelser som ”passing fad” (William G. De- vise sig at blive en grundlæggende erken- ver), ”circle of dilletantes” (Anson Rainey), delse i postmoderniteten, nemlig at enhver ”virulent” (Hershel Shanks), ”anti-zionism genfortælling eller rekonstruktion af his- approaching anti-semitism” (Gary Rends- torien er subjektiv, eftersom historikerens burg), ”ideological clap-trap (…) ignorant valg og fravalg af kilder altid vil være præ- pronouncements of neo-Nazi ’thought po- get af de spørgsmål, han ønsker at svare på, lice’ (Kenneth A. Kitchen)” fra det seneste og fordi hans historieskrivning – hvor tils- årtis ophedede diskussion mellem maksi- træbt objektiv den end måtte være – altid i malister og minimalister, at rekonstruk- en eller anden grad vil være præget af den tionen af Israels historie stadig kan få de virkelighedsforståelse, ideologi og eksisten- politiske, ideologiske og religiøse blod i kog. tielle “bagage”, som danner udgangspunkt Senest er Thomas L. Thompsons skeptiske for hans syntese. Af samme grund står al holdning til den bibelske israelshistorie for historieskrivning nu til diskussion i et om- eksempel blevet brugt i den politiske dis- fang, der ikke tidligere er set. kussion om, hvorvidt det efter Israels sene- Da den engelske arkæolog Sir Wheeler ste invasion af Gaza er værd at fortsætte Mortimer i begyndelsen af sidste århund- fredsprocessen. Professor i politisk viden- rede sagde, at “arkæologi er ikke en vi- skab ved Cairo University Hassan Nafaa denskab, det er en vendetta,” tænkte han skriver således i maj-udgaven 2009 af Al- udelukkende på de blodtørstige fejder og Ahram: ”The researcher Thomas Thompson jalousies du metier, som foregik mellem says that today’s Israel has no relation with professionelle kollegaer uden de store ideo- historical Israel. The Israel that we know logiske forskelle. Bare nogle få årtier sene- today has been invented through biblical re begrænsede fejderne sig ikke længere til writings. But modern excavations show blot at være af faglig karakter, men indgik that the old Israel sprouted from the local i stigende grad også i både den nationalpo- population living in the bronze Canaanite litiske og religiøse diskurs. Mordet i 1992 Age. Archaeologists couldn’t find any mate- Dansk Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke / 03 / 09 4 Jens Bruun Kofoed rial evidence backing the story of the Old dansk kontekst på Det Teologiske Fakultet Testament about the Exodus. To date, there i København. is no proof that the Israelis were ever lost En sidste indledende bemærkning skal in Sinai”. gå på vinklen i artiklerne. Eftersom det På den baggrund er det ikke overra- ikke er muligt at give en tilbundsgående skende, at det i dag er blevet almindeligt introduktion til de forskellige perioder af at indlede en rekonstruktion eller genfor- det gamle Israels historie, vil artiklerne tælling af Israels historie med et historie- fokusere på de faglige problemstillinger, teoretisk prolegomena, hvor historikeren som er forbundet med perioden. Det gælder kan gøre rede for sine egne virkelighedsteo- ikke mindst artiklen om kongetiden, som retiske, ideologiske, politiske eller religiøse næsten udelukkende fokuserer på den pe- forudsætninger. Således også her, hvor før- riode, der er omdiskuteret, nemlig den pe- ste artikels formål er at pege på nogle af riode, hvor Israels stammer ifølge de bibel- de springende punkter i arbejdet med at ske kilder var samlet under Sauls, Davids rekonstruere det gamle Israels historie og og Salomos ledelse, eller – for at bruge den i kort form at formulere
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