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The Coincidence of Ecological Opportunity with Hybridization Explains Rapid Adaptive Radiation in Lake Mweru Cichlid fishes
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13278-z OPEN The coincidence of ecological opportunity with hybridization explains rapid adaptive radiation in Lake Mweru cichlid fishes Joana I. Meier 1,2,3,4, Rike B. Stelkens 1,2,5, Domino A. Joyce 6, Salome Mwaiko 1,2, Numel Phiri7, Ulrich K. Schliewen8, Oliver M. Selz 1,2, Catherine E. Wagner 1,2,9, Cyprian Katongo7 & Ole Seehausen 1,2* 1234567890():,; The process of adaptive radiation was classically hypothesized to require isolation of a lineage from its source (no gene flow) and from related species (no competition). Alternatively, hybridization between species may generate genetic variation that facilitates adaptive radiation. Here we study haplochromine cichlid assemblages in two African Great Lakes to test these hypotheses. Greater biotic isolation (fewer lineages) predicts fewer constraints by competition and hence more ecological opportunity in Lake Bangweulu, whereas opportunity for hybridization predicts increased genetic potential in Lake Mweru. In Lake Bangweulu, we find no evidence for hybridization but also no adaptive radiation. We show that the Bangweulu lineages also colonized Lake Mweru, where they hybridized with Congolese lineages and then underwent multiple adaptive radiations that are strikingly complementary in ecology and morphology. Our data suggest that the presence of several related lineages does not necessarily prevent adaptive radiation, although it constrains the trajectories of morphological diversification. It might instead facilitate adaptive radiation when hybridization generates genetic variation, without which radiation may start much later, progress more slowly or never occur. 1 Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution,UniversityofBern,Baltzerstr.6,CH-3012Bern,Switzerland.2 Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry (CEEB), Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. -
MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Basemap
MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE - Basemap Mashonaland Central Karanda Chimandau Guruve MukosaMukosa Guruve Kamusasa Karanda Marymount Matsvitsi Marymount Mary Mount Locations ShinjeShinje Horseshoe Nyamahobobo Ruyamuro RUSHINGA CentenaryDavid Nelson Nyamatikiti Nyamatikiti Province Capital Nyakapupu M a z o w e CENTENARY Mazowe St. Pius MOUNT DARWIN 2 Chipuriro Mount DarwinZRP NyanzouNyanzou Mt Darwin Chidikamwedzi Town 17 GoromonziNyahuku Tsakare GURUVE Jingamvura MAKONDE Kafura Nyamhondoro Place of Local Importance Bepura 40 Kafura Mugarakamwe Mudindo Nyamanyora Chingamuka Bure Katanya Nyamanyora Bare Chihuri Dindi ARDA Sisi Manga Dindi Goora Mission M u s e n g e z i Nyakasoro KondoKondo Zvomanyanga Goora Wa l t o n Chinehasha Madziwa Chitsungo Mine Silverside Donje Madombwe Mutepatepa Nyamaruro C o w l e y Chistungo Chisvo DenderaDendera Nyamapanda Birkdale Chimukoko Nyamapanda Chindunduma 13 Mukodzongi UMFURUDZI SAFARI AREA Madziwa Chiunye KotwaKotwa 16 Chiunye Shinga Health Facility Nyakudya UZUMBA MARAMBA PFUNGWE Shinga Kotwa Nyakudya Bradley Institute Borera Kapotesa Shopo ChakondaTakawira MvurwiMvurwi Makope Raffingora Jester H y d e Maramba Ayrshire Madziwa Raffingora Mvurwi Farm Health Scheme Nyamaropa MUDZI Kasimbwi Masarakufa Boundaries Rusununguko Madziva Mine Madziwa Vanad R u y a Madziwa Masarakufa Shutu Nyamukoho P e m b i Nzvimbo M u f u r u d z i Madziva Teacher's College Vanad Nzvimbo Chidembo SHAMVA Masenda National Boundary Feock MutawatawaMutawatawa Mudzi Rosa Muswewenhede Chakonda Suswe Mutorashanga Madimutsa Chiwarira -
Angola Food Security Update
Angola Food Security Update June 2004 USAID Funded Activity Prices of staple foods in Huambo remain stable due to improved trade flow from Kuanza Sul, Huila and Bie provinces In April 2004, FEWS NET conducted a short survey in the informal markets of Huambo, Huila and Luanda. Regional Trade Flows In May and June 2004, following requests from a few Increased trade flow since the main crop harvest NGOs, FEWS NET conducted a similar survey to in May/June 2004 monitor trade flows and market prices, now including Benguela and Uige provinces. This food security The demand for maize and beans in urban and update discusses the findings of this work. rural areas of Huambo and Bengula continues to attract supplies from Huila and Kuanza Sul Trade Flow and Maize Prices provinces. During the last two months, the supply of maize, sorghum and beans from Huila to Maize prices remain stable and further decline is Benguela increased substantially. Sorghum, expected which was almost not traded in April 2004, is now Prices of staple foods in local markets have an impact reaching the urban markets in Benguela. This on food security, as many vulnerable families rely on reflects good sorghum harvest in Huila, which is markets to supplement their food needs. Trade flows estimated to have increased by six percent – from and price analysis during May and June revealed two 33,000 MT in the 2002-03 season to 35,000 MT in major factors positively influencing food availability. the 2003-04 season. Farmers in Kaluqumbe, Firstly, continued trade activity between Huambo and Matala, Kipungo and Quilengues supply the bulk the neighbouring provinces is helping to stabilise food of the produces to Buenguela. -
Concept-Project-Information-Document-Integrated-Safeguards-Data-Sheet.Pdf
The World Bank Lake Tanganyika Transport Program - SOP1 Tanzania Phase (P165113) Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Project Information Document/ Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (PID/ISDS) Concept Stage | Date Prepared/Updated: 07-Mar-2018 | Report No: PIDISDSC23776 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized January 8, 2018 Page 1 of 19 The World Bank Lake Tanganyika Transport Program - SOP1 Tanzania Phase (P165113) BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data OPS TABLE Country Project ID Parent Project ID (if any) Project Name Africa P165113 Lake Tanganyika Transport Program - SOP1 Tanzania Phase (P165113) Region Estimated Appraisal Date Estimated Board Date Practice Area (Lead) AFRICA Apr 01, 2019 May 30, 2019 Transport & Digital Development Financing Instrument Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Investment Project Financing Ministry of Finance TANROADS, Tanzania Port Authority, Central Corridor Transit Transport Facilitation Agency, East Africa Community Proposed Development Objective(s) The program development objective for the Lake Tanganyika Transport Program has been identified as the following: to facilitate the sustainable movement of goods and people to and across Lake Tanganyika, whilst strengthening the institutional framework for navigation and maritime safety. Financing (in USD Million) FIN_SUMM_PUB_TBL SUMMARY Total Project Cost 203.00 Total Financing 203.00 Financing Gap 0.00 DETAILS-NewFin3 Total World Bank Group Financing 203.00 World Bank Lending 203.00 January 8, 2018 Page 2 of 19 The World Bank Lake Tanganyika Transport Program - SOP1 Tanzania Phase (P165113) Environmental Assessment Category Concept Review Decision A-Full Assessment Track II-The review did authorize the preparation to continue Other Decision (as needed) B. Introduction and Context Regional Context 1. The economic performance of the East African Community (EAC) member countries—Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda—has been impressive over the last decade. -
Familiarisation Tour of Mpulungu, Zambia
THE ENVIRONMENTAL COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA Pollution Control and Other Measures to protect Biodiversity in Lake Tanganyika (RAF/92/G32) FAMILIARISATION TOUR OF MPULUNGU A COMBINED SOCIO-ECONO0MICS AND ENVIRONMNETAL EDUCATION TOUR CONDUCTED FROM 2/2/99 TO 3/3/99 Munshimbwe Chitalu Assistant National Co-ordinator Socio-economics Co-ordinator National Coordination Office LUSAKA ZAMBIA July 2000 M p u l u n g u Vi s i t R e p o r t , So c i o - E c o n o m i c s / E n v i r o n m e n t a l Ed u c a t i o n Contents List of Acronyms ii Foreword iii Executive summary iv 1 HIGHLIGHTS 1 1 Environmental Education Activities 1 2 Conservation and Development Committees 1 3 Activities of CDCs 2 4 National Project coordination 3 5 The team 3 6 Approach and salutations 3 2 THE TOUR IN MORE DETAIL 4 1 The Aim 4 2 Specific Objectives 4 3 Findings 4 3.1 Community Development Officer (CDO) 4 3.2 Department of Fisheries (DoF) 5 3.3 Immigration Department 7 3.4 Mpulungu District Council 7 3.5 Mpulungu Harbor Corporation Limited 8 3.6 Mr. Mugala 8 3.7 The Provincial Agricultural Co-ordination Office (PACO) 9 3.8 Police Service 9 3.9 Senior Chief Tafuna 9 3.10 Stratum 2 CDC 9 3.11 Village CDCs 10 3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 12 4 PROPOSED IMMEDIATE ACTIONS 14 Appendix I: Institutions and individuals visited 15 Appendix II: Itinerary 17 Appendix III: Resources 18 P A G E I M p u l u n g u Vi s i t R e p o r t , So c i o - E c o n o m i c s / E n v i r o n m e n t a l Ed u c a t i o n List of Acronyms AMIS Association of Micro-finance Institutions of Zambia ANSEC -
Towards a Regional Information Base for Lake Tanganyika Research
RESEARCH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHERIES ON LAKE GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/Ol(En) TANGANYIKA GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/01 (En) January 1992 TOWARDS A REGIONAL INFORMATION BASE FOR LAKE TANGANYIKA RESEARCH by J. Eric Reynolds FINNISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Bujumbura, January 1992 The conclusions and recommendations given in this and other reports in the Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika Project series are those considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the Project. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of FAO or FINNIDA concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the determination of its frontiers or boundaries. PREFACE The Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika project (Tanganyika Research) became fully operational in January 1992. It is executed by the Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Finnish International Development Agency (FINNIDA). This project aims at the determination of the biological basis for fish production on Lake Tanganyika, in order to permit the formulation of a coherent lake-wide fisheries management policy for the four riparian States (Burundi, Tanzania, Zaïre and Zambia). Particular attention will be also given to the reinforcement of the skills and physical facilities of the fisheries research units in all four beneficiary countries as well as to the buildup of effective coordination mechanisms to ensure full collaboration between the Governments concerned. -
2.4 Zambia Railway Assessment
2.4 Zambia Railway Assessment Travel Time Matrix Railway Companies and Consortia Capacity Table Key Route Information Key Stations The Zambia National Railways are very important to the economy of the country as it is a bulk carrier with less effect on the environment than many other transport modes. The Government intends to expand its railway network in the country to develop the surface transport sector. Through the Ministry of Transport, a new statutory instrument (SI) was passed, which requires industries to move 30% of their carriage by rail. This is in a bid to decongest the road sector and possibly reduce the damage done by heavy duty trucks on Zambian roads. The development of rail routes linking important exit points is not only vital for facilitating smooth access to the outside but also for the overall boosting of trade in the sub-region and making Zambia a competitive country for business. Traditionally, the Zambian railways have generally operated well below their original design capacity, yet significant investment is underway to increase their volumes by investing in track conditions, increase locomotive and wagon availability and increase operating capital. The rail network remains the dominant mode of transportation for goods on the local and international routes but is under-utilized. The main railway lines are the Zambia Railways, owned by Government and the TAZARA line, linking Zambia with Tanzania, and jointly owned by the Zambian and Tanzanian governments. The opening of the Chipata-Mchinji railway link provides connectivity into the Malawi and Mozambique railway network and further connects Zambia to the port of Nacala. -
Fishing Life in the Bangweulu Swamps (2): an Analysis of Catch and Seasonal Emigration of the Fishermen in Zambia
African Stud)' Monographs, Supplementary Issue 6: 33-G3, March 1987 33 Fishing Life in the Bangweulu Swamps (2): An Analysis of Catch and Seasonal Emigration of the Fishermen in Zambia. lchiro IMAI (Research Affiliate of I. A. S.) The Institute for African Studies, University of Zambia Hirosaki University. Japan ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to describe and characterize the swamp fishing in the Bangweulu Swamps, Zambia. The fish catch by the several fishing methods are analy sed after these methods are outlined. As a result of the analysis, it is indicated that each production unit chooses a fishing method to catch a particular group of fish, such as "-1or myridae or Cichlidae fish. The types of fishing activity among the lishermen are divided into three classes in terms of their fishing seasons and methods. These types of fishing differ from each other as to how far their villages are from the swamps and what time schedules of agriculture are made according to the limits of the season or the period of fishing in the swamps. By ana lysing these types alloted to different ethnic groups, it is clarified how the swamp area is actually utilized by the several ethnic groups from different areas. I\fost of the fishermen in the Bangweulu Swamps are the part-time fishermen who are also engaged in cultivation to a considerable extent. It is discussed why these essentially agriculturalists carry on fishing for themselves without making symbiotic relationships with other fishing specialists. They can get a good cash income by selling the catch. -
Full Text Document (Pdf)
Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Macola, Giacomo (2006) “It Means as If We Are Excluded from the Good Freedom”: Thwarted Expectations of Independence in the Luapula Province of Zambia, 1964-1967. Journal of African History, 47 (1). pp. 43-56. ISSN 0021-8537. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853705000848 Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/7559/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html ‘IT MEANS AS IF WE ARE EXCLUDED FROM THE GOOD FREEDOM’: THWARTED EXPECTATIONS OF INDEPENDENCE IN THE LUAPULA PROVINCE OF ZAMBIA, 1964-1966* BY GIACOMO MACOLA Centre of African Studies, University of Cambridge ABSTRACT: Based on a close reading of new archival material, this article makes a case for the adoption of an empirical, ‘sub-systemic’ approach to the study of nationalist and post- colonial politics in Zambia. -
ANGOLA FOOD SECURITY UPDATE July 2003
ANGOLA FOOD SECURITY UPDATE July 2003 Highlights The food security situation continues to improve in parts of the country, with the overall number of people estimated to need food assistance reduced by four percent in July 2003 relieving pressure on the food aid pipeline. The price of the least-expensive food basket also continues to decline after the main harvest, reflecting an improvement in access to food. According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the results of both the latest nutritional surveys as well as the trend analysis on admissions and readmissions to nutritional rehabilitation programs indicate a clear improvement in the nutritional situation of people in the provinces considered at risk (Benguela, Bie, Kuando Kubango). However, the situation in Huambo and Huila Provinces still warrants some concern. Household food stocks are beginning to run out just two months after the main harvest in the Planalto area, especially for the displaced and returnee populations. In response to the current food crisis, relief agencies in Angola have intensified their relief efforts in food insecure areas, particularly in the Planalto. More than 37,000 returnees have been registered for food assistance in Huambo, Benguela, Huila and Kuando Kubango. The current food aid pipeline looks good. Cereal availability has improved following recent donor contributions of maize. Cereal and pulse projections indicate that total requirements will be covered until the end of October 2003. Since the planned number of beneficiaries for June and July 2003 decreased by four percent, it is estimated that the overall availability of commodities will cover local food needs until end of November 2003. -
Overview of the Cubango Okavango
Transboundary Cooperation for Protecting the Cubango- Okavango River Basin and Improving the Integrity of the Okavango Delta World Heritage Property Overview of the Cubango-Okavango River Basin in Angola: Challenges and Perspectives Maun, 3-4 June 2019 Botswana National Development Plan (2018-2022) The National Development Plan 6 Axis provides framework for the development of infrastructure, 25 Policies environmental sustainability and land and territorial planning. 83 Programs Cubango-Okavango River Basin Key Challenges To develop better conditions for the economic development of the region. To foster sustainable development considering technical, socio- economic and environmental aspects. To combat poverty and increase the opportunities of equitable socioeconomic benefits. Key Considerations 1. Inventory of the water needs and uses. 2. Assessment of the water balance between needs and availability. 3. Water quality. 4. Risk management and valorization of the water resources. Some of the Main Needs Water Institutional Monitoring Capacity Network Decision- Participatory making Management Supporting Systems Adequate Funding Master Plans for Cubango Zambezi and Basins Cubango/ Approved in 6 main Up to 2030 Okavango 2016 programs Final Draft 9 main Zambezi Up to 2035 2018 programs Cubango/Okavango Basin Master Plan Main Programs Rehabilitation of degraded areas. Maintaining the natural connectivity between rivers and river corridors. Implementing water monitoring network. Managing the fishery activity and water use. Biodiversity conservation. Capacity building and governance. Zambezi Basin Master Plan Main Programs Water supply for communities and economic activities. Sewage and water pollution control. Economic and social valorisation of water resources. Protection of ecosystems. Risk management. Economic sustainability of the water resources. Institutional and legal framework. -
Process for Preparing and Approving Resettlement Action Plan
Public Disclosure Authorized MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, TRADE AND INDUSTRY Public Disclosure Authorized RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK Great Lakes Trade Facilitation Project – SOP2 Project ID: No. P155329 Public Disclosure Authorized June 2018 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Chapter One: Introduction and Project Description ............................................................................ 4 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Background ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objectives of Resettlement Policy Framework .................................................................................. 5 1.4 Project Description ...................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.1 Project Components ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Institutional Arrangements .................................................................................................................... 10 1.5.1 Department of Foreign Trade ........................................................................................................ 11 1.5.2 Project Implementation