College Grove Bushland Level 2 Flora Survey Bunbury

College Grove Bushland

Level 2 Flora Survey

Bunbury

City of Bunbury i Disclaimer

This document has been published by the City of Bunbury. Any representation, statement, opinion or advice expressed or implied in this document is made in good faith and on the basis that the City of Bunbury, its employees and agents are not liable for any damage or loss whatsoever which may occur as a result of action taken or not taken, as the case may be, in respect of any representation, statement, opinion or advice referred to herein. Information pertaining to this document may be subject to change, and should be checked against any modifications or amendments subsequent to the document’s publication.

Document Status

Title: Level Two Fl ora Survey, College Grove Bushland , Bunbury Version Rev 0 Date: 5/05 /2015

Ammendments List

Version Date Ammendments Prepared by Reviewed by REV O 5/05/2015 Final Report C. Spencer R. Smith , B. Deeley

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Contents

Summary ...... 1 1. Background ...... 3 2. Objectives ...... 3 3. Survey Area Location and General Description ...... 3 4. Regulatory Context ...... 5 4.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) ...... 5 4.2 Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act) ...... 5 4.3 Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act) ...... 6 4.4 Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act) ...... 6 5. Biophysical Context ...... 7 5.1 Climate...... 7 5.2 Landform and Soils ...... 7 5.3 Regional and local linkages...... 8 5.4 Vegetation ...... 8 5.5 Vegetation Complexes...... 8 5.6 Priority and Threatened Ecological Communities ...... 9 5.7 Priority and Threatened Flora ...... 10 5.8 Other significant vegetation and flora...... 11 5.9 Key habitat and flora requirements for threatened fauna species ...... 13 5.9.1 Western Ringtail Possum habitat and flora requirements ...... 13 5.9.2 Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos habitat and flora requirements ...... 13 5.10 Range Extension Flora ...... 14 5.11 A restricted subspecies, variety or naturally occurring hybrid ...... 14 5.12 Declared Pest plants and Weeds of National Significance ...... 16 5.13 Locally Significant Weeds ...... 16 5.14 Previous Flora and Vegetation Surveys ...... 17 6. Survey Method ...... 19 6.1 Desktop review: ...... 19 6.2 Field survey ...... 19 6.3 Comparative analysis of vegetation types ...... 20 7. Survey Limitations and Constraints ...... 21 8. Results and Discussion ...... 22 8.1 General Flora ...... 22 8.2 Threatened and Priority Flora ...... 22 8.3 Possible Range Extent Flora ...... 22 8.4 Weeds ...... 22 8.5 Vegetation Complex ...... 23 8.6 Vegetation Units: ...... 23 8.7 Floristic Community Types ...... 29 8.8 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities ...... 31

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8.9 Vegetation Condition ...... 31 8.10 Key vegetation and flora requirements for threatened species ...... 33 8.10.1 Western Ringtail Possums ...... 33 8.10.2 Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos ...... 33 9. Conclusion and Recommendations ...... 34 10. References ...... 36 Appendix One – Definitions and Categories ...... i Appendix Two – Vegetation Clearing Principles ...... vi Appendix Three – Flora Quadrat ...... vii Appendix Four – List of vascular flora identified across the survey area...... xv Appendix Five – Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities ...... xviii Appendix Six – Threatened and Priority Flora Database Search Results ...... xx Appendix Seven – Comparison of Flora Surveys ...... xxiii

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Summary

The City of Bunbury proposes to utilise Lots 298 and 997 Winthrop Avenue, Lot 938 Robertson Drive, Lot 934 Hildas Close, Lots 643 and 998 Somerville Drive and Lot 790 Oriel Court for urban development purposes. Most of this area is covered with native vegetation, which will need to be cleared to facilitate development. The City has prepared this Level 2 Flora and Vegetation Survey to support any future federal and / or state environmental impact assessment processes.

The findings of the Level 2 Spring Flora and Vegetation Survey, conducted during September and October 2014, are summarised as follows: • No Declared Rare Flora Species listed under Section 23 F of the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 or Priority flora species as listed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) were found within the survey area. • No flora protected under the Commonwealth Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) were recorded within the survey area. • Key flora species that may provide habitat for threatened species of black cockatoo protected under the EPBC Act were identified within the survey area. Key flora for the black cockatoos include: Jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata ), Banksia attenuata and Woody Pear ( Xylomelum occidentale ). • Vegetation within the survey area may provide limited habitat for threatened Western Ringtail possums protected under the EPBC Act, for example via provision of denning or alternative foraging habitat. • The survey area is identified as occurring within the Karrakatta Complex - Central and South which is mapped to be at 23.92% of its pre-European extent. Two vegetation units were identified within the survey area. These are described as: 1. Eucalyptus marginata Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata and Xylomelum occidentale Low Open Forest over Kunzea glabrescens Tall Open Shrubland over Melaleuca thymoides, Macrozamia riedei, Stirlingia latifolia, Jacksonia horrida Shrubland to Open Heath over Hibbertia hypericoides, Xanthorrhoea brunonis Open Low Heath over Brachyscome bellidioides, Trachymene pilosa, Asteridia pulverulenta Very Open Herbland to Herbland. 2. Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Forest over Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa and Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland over Allocasuarina humilis Tall Open Shrubland over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Shrubland over *Briza maxima Grassland over mixed Open Herbland. • The mapped vegetation units are both inferred to represent the Floristic Community Type SCP 21a Central Banksia attenuata – Eucalyptus marginata Woodlands which is considered to be well reserved with a low risk conservation status. • The Department of Parks and Wildlife has recorded four Threatened Ecological Communities and four Priority Ecological Communities within a five kilometre radius of the survey area. None were identified as occurring at the site during the field survey and comparative analysis. • Vegetation condition within the survey area ranged from Completely Degraded to Excellent. • 96 species of flora were recorded from the survey area from 77 families and 33 genera of which 13 species were recognised as weeds. • No declared pest plants under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 or recognised Weeds of National Significance were recorded.

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• One locally significant weed species was recorded from the survey area * Ehrharta calycina, which is categorised as having a medium priority for control. This species should be controlled as resources allow. • The survey area is contiguous with bushland that forms part of the Maidens to Preston River Regional Ecological Linkage.

Recommendations: • In order to avoid impacts on federally protected threatened fauna habitat and the depleted Karrakatta Complex- Central and South vegetation complex it is recommended that vegetation clearing is avoided or minimised where possible. • Where vegetation clearing is required the following should be considered: The clearing of native vegetation in Western Australia requires a Clearing Permit under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 unless the clearing is for an exempt purpose. Prior to any clearing of native vegetation at site, it is recommended that Department of Environment Regulation is contacted for advice on the need or otherwise for a clearing permit. Approvals to clear vegetation providing habitat for threatened Western Ringtail Possums and threatened black cockatoo species may be required under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Prior to the clearing of native vegetation on site it is recommended the federal Department of the Environment is contacted for advice regarding any obligations under this Act . • Locally significant weeds which are present at the survey area should be managed in order to prevent further impacts within the survey area and adjacent bushlands. • Measures should be placed during any clearing or construction activities in order to avoid the introduction of declared pest plants, Weeds of National Significance or locally significant weeds which may invade and degrade bushland in proximity to the site. • Further zoological studies are recommended to ascertain the value of the survey area to federally protected threatened Western Ringtail Possums and threatened black cockatoo species which are known to occur in the area.

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1. Background

The City of Bunbury proposes to utilise Lots 298 and 997Winthrop Avenue, Lot 938 Robertson Drive, Lot 934 Hildas Close, Lots 643 and 998 Somerville Drive and Lot 790 Oriel Court for urban development purposes. Most of this area is covered with native vegetation, which will need to be cleared to facilitate development. The City has prepared this Level 2 Flora and Vegetation Survey to support any future federal and / or state environmental impact assessment processes.

2. Objectives

The objectives of this survey have been determined in consideration of requirements for a level two flora survey, which are presented in the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Guidance Statement No. 51 Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessments in Western Australia (EPA, 2004) and EPA Position Statement No 2 – Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia (EPA, 2000).

The objectives of this survey are to: • Undertake a review and appraisal of existing knowledge including literature search, metadata search and Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) database searches to identify Threatened Ecological Communities and Declared Rare, Priority and significant flora that are known to occur in the vicinity. • Provide a biophysical and regulatory context for flora and vegetation present within the site. • Prepare a species list of all flora present at site including non-native species. • Record the presence of any threatened or priority flora species within the survey area. • Describe and map vegetation units present within the survey area. • Determine the floristic community type of mapped vegetation units and compare with Threatened Ecological Community data. • Determine and map the condition of vegetation within the survey area. • Provide comment on the conservation significance of flora and vegetation within the survey area.

3. Survey Area Location and General Description

The survey area is located approximately five and half kilometres southeast of the Bunbury CBD. The survey area comprises of two land parcels. The southern parcel is bounded by Winthrop Avenue to the north, Somerville Drive to the east and Oriel Court to the south and east. The northen parcel is bounded by native bushland to the north, Somerville Drive to the east and Hildas Close to the west and south, refer to Figure 1.

The land is approximately 4.93 hectares in size, most of which is covered in native vegetation.

The southern parcel is designated ‘Parks and Recreation Reserve’ and the northen parcel comprises zoned ‘Residential’ and ‘Special Use’ (S.U.39) land and an area designated ‘Public Purposes Reserve’under the City of Bunbury Town Planning Scheme No.7. Both parcels of land are zoned ‘Urban’ under the Greater Bunbury Region Scheme.

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Figure 1: Location of Survey Area

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4. Regulatory Context

Legislation relevant to the native vegetation within the survey area and related values is briefly discussed below.

4.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)

The EPBC Act is the Australian Government’s central piece of environmental legislation. It provides a legal framework to protect and manage nationally and internationally important flora, fauna, ecological communities and heritage places — defined in the EPBC Act as ‘Matters of National Environmental Significance’.

Actions that are likely to have a significant impact on the nine currently listed Matters of National Environmental Significance require approval under the EPBC Act.

Matters of National Environmental Significance 1. world heritage properties 2. national heritage places 3. wetlands of international importance (listed under the Ramsar Convention) 4. listed threatened species and threatened ecological communities (TEC) 5. migratory species protected under international agreements 6. Commonwealth marine areas 7. the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park 8. nuclear actions (including uranium mines) 9. a water resource, in relation to coal seam gas development and large coal mining development

Relevant to this survey is the possible presence of EPBC Act listed threatened flora, fauna or ecological communities. Sections 5.6 and 5.7 of the report provides a list of EPBC Act listed flora and threatened ecological communities known to occur within a five kilometre radius of the site. Section 5.9 discusses key habitat for listed threatened fauna known to occur within the survey area.

4.2 Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act)

The EP Act regulates many of the processes relevant to environmental impact assessment, including the clearing of native vegetation, within Western Australia.

Under section 51C of the EP Act, the clearing of native vegetation is an offence unless a clearing permit is held or a valid exemption applies. Exemptions are of two classes. Schedule 6 exemptions allow clearing that is a requirement of a written law, or that is approved under another process where clearing impacts have been considered. Exemptions under the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004 cover day to day activities that have a low impact. Exemptions in the regulations do not apply in areas declared under the EP Act to be environmental sensitive areas (ESA). ESAs are declared to protect important environmental values such as TEC’s, declared rare flora and wetlands of high conservation significance.

In assessing clearing permit applications, the Department of Environment Regulation must have regard to the clearing principles contained in Schedule 5 of the EP Act (N.B. see Appendix 2).

It is noted that the survey area does not occur within the boundary of an ESA as currently mapped by the Department of Environment Regulation. As such, should clearing be proposed onsite, the

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exemptions in regulations may offer a valid exemption to the clearing permit requirement, where applicable.

4.3 Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act)

The WC Act is the primary state legislation directly protecting native flora and fauna in Western Australia. The WC Act contains general controls for the protection of all native species, with specific measures designed to protect rare and threatened species. It does not provide for the protection of TECs or recognise threatening processes.

Under section 14 of the WC Act the Minister for the Environment may declare protected fauna which is likely to become extinct, or is rare, or is otherwise in need of special protection to be wholly protected throughout the whole of the State at all times. Exemptions to obtain ministerial consent for the taking of fauna incidental to vegetation clearing referred to in section 51C(a), (b) or (c) of the EP Act do not apply to specially protected fauna.

Similarly under section 23 F of the WC Act the Minister may declare flora that is likely to become extinct or rare, or is in need of special protection to be rare flora throughout the State. It is an offence to take declared rare - or threatened flora - without consent from the Minister for the Environment.

Species that maybe threatened or near threatened but for which insufficient information is available to list as Rare Flora or Rare Fauna may be added to the Priority Flora and Fauna Lists. Categories of priority flora and fauna are ranked in order for priority for survey and further evaluation of conservation status. Both threatened flora and threatened fauna are ranked according to their level of threat using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red list categories and criteria.

Section 5.7 provides a list of all priority listed and threatened flora known to occur within an approximately five kilometre radius of the subject site and Appendix 1 provides a definition of the Threatened and Priority Flora categories .

4.4 Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act)

The primary purposes of the BAM Act and its regulations are to: • Prevent new animal and plant pests (vermin and weeds) and diseases from entering Western Australia. • Manage the impact and spread of those pests already present in the state. • Safely manage the use of agricultural and veterinary chemicals. • Increased control over the sale of agricultural products that contain volatile chemical residues.

Relevant to the study are the possible presence of plants occurring on site that have been listed as declared pests under section 22 of the BAM Act. If declared pests are found on site, measures may have to be put in place to ensure they are managed appropriately prior, during and post any proposed development. Section 5.12 provides a list of all declared pests known to occur within proximity of the survey area and Appendix 1 provided a definition of the Declared Pest Categories.

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5. Biophysical Context

5.1 Climate

The survey area has a Mediterranean climate which is essentially characterised by two seasons: a wet, mild winter and a dry, hot summer. Figure 2 provides the average temperature and rainfall data for the Bunbury Post Office, which is located approximately 6 km north-west of the survey site.

Climate Graph of Bunbury 30 200 180 25 160 140 20 120 c) 0 ( 15 100 80 10 60 Precipitation (mm)

Temperature 40 5 20 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Mean rainfall (mm) for years 1877 to 11.1 11.8 21.9 46.4 128.1182.9170.6123.6 80.4 54.1 26.2 13.7 1985 Mean maximum temperature (Degrees 27.6 27.8 25.9 22.8 19.8 17.7 16.8 17.1 18.1 19.9 22.9 25.6 C) for years 1880 to 1985 Mean minimum temperature (Degrees 15.2 15.4 14.3 12.2 10.4 9.2 8.4 8.4 9.2 10.3 12.2 13.9 C) for years 1880 to 1985

Figure 2: Climate data for the Bunbury Post Office sourced from the Bureau of Meteorology (2015)

5.2 Landform and Soils

The survey area occurs on the Swan Coastal Plain (SCP), which is bounded by the Darling Scarp to the east, Indian Ocean to the west, Moore River to the north and Dunsborough to the south. The Swan Coastal Plain is built up of two belts of sediments that differ in origin: aeolian sediments in the west and alluvial sediments in the east. The aeolian sediments comprise of three major dune systems: The Bassendean System is the most easterly and oldest system, the Quindalup System is the most westerly and youngest system with the Spearwood system located in between. These wind deposited dunes press up against the Pinjarra plain, which is built up of alluvium deposited by streams from the Darling Plateau.

The survey area occurs within, but at the westward boundary of, the the Bassendean System, which is characterised by deep bleached grey sands with a pale yellow B horizon or a weak iron-organic hardpan from one to two metres (Barnesby and Proulx-Nixon, 2000). Three types of Bassendean sands have been identified and generally described below. Given the sites elevated position the survey area, it is most likely to be characterised by Jandakot sands.

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Table 1: Bassendean Sand soil types (Bolland, 1998) Bassendean soil Drainage Landscape position B horizon Water table depth types description Jandakot sands Well drained Crests and upper slopes The B horizon has an >10 m of the low hills or ridges. iron podzol

Gavin sands Moderate Down slope from the The B horizon has an ~ 2m crest iron-humus podzol which can be partly cemented Joel sands Poor Lowest part of the dune B horizon is a humus Very close to the system podzol, comprising a surface. strongly Seasonally water logged cemented dark brown organic B horizon. Iron podzol - contains iron oxide, which appears as a bright orange layer, that can include hardened concretions Iron-humus podzol - a bright orange-brown layer which contains iron oxide and organic matter Humus podzol - soil organic matter that has been changed physically and chemically by soil animals, fungi, bacteria, algae and protozoa to humus

In their natural state, the Bassendean sands are vegetatively species species rich and are typified by Banksia woodland (Seddon,1972).

5.3 Regional and local linkages

The site is located immediately to the west of the proposed Preston River to Ocean Regional Park (PRORP), which comprises of 893 hectares of bushland. This proposed regional park forms part of the Maidens / Preston River Regional Ecological Linkage (EPA, 2003).

5.4 Vegetation

The survey area occurs within the Drummond Botanical Sub-district, which forms part of the larger Darling Botanical District and the greater South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

The South West Botanical Province stretches from Shark Bay on the west coast to Israelite Bay on the south coast and is distinguished from the two other botanical provinces of Western Australia, the Eremaean and Northern provinces, by winter rain and summer drought. The province is also characterised by its high diversity and endemism of flora (Seddon, 1972; Beard, 2000). The Darling Botanical District covers the high rainfall part of south-western Australia and comprises the Swan Coastal Plain (Drummond Botanical Sub-district), the southern Jarrah forest (Menzies Sub-district and the Karri forest (Warren Sub-district).

5.5 Vegetation Complexes

Heddle et al . (1980) mapped vegetation complexes over the SCP. This assessment was based on the broad patterning of vegetation at a regional scale reflected by regional landform units, soil and climate.

According to this vegetation complex mapping, the study area occurs within, but at the eastern boundary of, the Karrakatta Complex - Central and South vegetation complex, where it meets the Southern River Complex.

The Karrakata – Central and South vegetation complex is broadly described as occurring over aeolian

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deposits with vegetation described as predominantly open Forest of Eucalyptus gomphocephala , E marginata and Corymbia calophylla and woodland of E marginata and Banksia species.

The Southern River vegetation complex is broadly described as occurring over aeolian deposits with vegetation described as open woodland of Corymbia calophylla , Eucalyptus marginata and Banksia species with fringing woodland of E rudis and Melaleuca rhaphiophylla along creek beds.

The spatial area of vegetation complexes on the SCP as defined and mapped by Heddle et al . (1980) have been used to quantitatively interpret ecological communities across the SCP and have been used as the basis for interpreting the remaining extent of native vegetation across the SCP south of Moore River. Data relevant to this survey area is presented in Tables 2 and 3.

Table 2: 2010Survey Area Native Vegetation extent on SCP south of Moore River (Perth Biodiversity Project, 2011) Pre- European 2010 extent (ha) % of Pre- European 1 Vegetation Complex Extent (ha) across SCP Extent remaining across SCP across SCP Southern River Complex 57171.55 11273.51 19.72% Karrakatta Complex- Central and South 49786.04 11910.31 23.92%

Table 3: 2009 Vegetation complex retention within City of Bunbury (CoB), (Molloy et al., 2007 Vegetation Complex Pre- European 2010 extent (ha) % of Pre- European % protected within 2 1 Extent (ha) across CoB Extent remaining PRORP across CoB across CoB (Ironbark Environmental, 2011) Southern River 2205 745 34 13 Complex Karrakatta Complex- 757 299 39 26 Central and South

5.6 Priority and Threatened Ecological Communities

Four threatened and four priority ecological community (PEC) types as defined by DPaW were identified as occurring within a five kilometre radius of the survey area (DPAW, 2014b). Three of the state ranked TECs are protected under the Commonwealth EPBC Act and are listed as Critically Endangered (‘CE’)(DSEWPAC, 2012).

Table 4: Threatened and Priority Listed Ecological Communities within the five km of the survey area (DPaW, 2014b) Code Name DPaW Status EPBC Act Status SCP09 (TEC) Dense shrublands on clay flats Vulnerable CE

SCP08 (TEC) Herb rich shrublands in clay pans Vulnerable CE SCP18 (TEC) Shrublands on calcareous silts of the Swan Coastal Plain Vulnerable Not listed

1, 2 Note to allow for vegetation type and extent mapping error due to the scale used, the extent of the remnant vegetation is considered to be an over estimate. Therefore the 30% and 10% EPA recognised thresholds are assessed at actual 40% and 15% levels. Note: the figures provided in the tables do not address the condition of the remaining vegetation.

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Code Name DPaW Status EPBC Act Status SCP07 (TEC) Herb rich saline shrublands in clay pans Vulnerable CE Relictual White Relictual White Mangrove Community (Leschenault Inlet) P1 Not listed Mangrove Community (PEC) SCP21b (PEC) Southern Banksia attenuata woodlands P3(i) Not listed SCP29a (PEC) Coastal shrublands on shallow sands P3(ii) Not listed SCP25 (PEC) Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephala - Agonis flexuosa P3(iii) Not listed woodlands.

Please refer to Appendix 1 for a full description of both state and federal conservation categories for priority and threatened ecological communities.

5.7 Priority and Threatened Flora

A review of state and federal environment databases identified 20 priority listed flora and 11 threatened or rare flora within an approximately five kilometre radius of the survey area. The results of this search are presented in Table 5 below. Further details on the general habitat, associated vegetation and likelihood of occurrence for these plants are provided in Appendix 6.

Table 5: Priority and Declared Flora ranking State National No Species Conservation Plant description Status Rank Rank Rush-like, erect or sprawling shrub, 0.3-0.75(- 1 Acacia flagelliformis 2,3,4,5 P4 1.6) m high. Fl. yellow, May to Sep. Slender, erect, pungent shrub, (0.1-0.2-0.7(-1.5) 2 Acacia semitrullata 2,3,5 P4 m high. Fl. cream-white, May to Oct. Slender erect or open straggly shrub, 0.1-0.5(-1) 3 Andersonia gracilis 1 T ? EN m high. Flowers white-pink-purple, Sep to Nov. Angianthus Erect annual, herb, to 0.1 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct 4 P3 drummondii 2,4,5 to Dec. Rhizomatous or cormous, aquatic perennial, Aponogeton 5 P4 herb, leaves floating. Flowers green-white, Jul to hexatepalus 2,3,4 Oct. Perennial grass, 0.9-0.15 m high, flowers Oct to 6 Austrostipa bronwenae 4 T CR Nov 7 Austrostipa Perennial grass, 0.8-0.12 m high, flowers Oct to 7 T CR CR jacobsiana 2,3,5 Nov 7 Banksia nivea subsp. Dense, erect, non-lignotuberous shrub, 0.2-1.5 8 T ? EN ulignosa 1 m high. Fl. yellow-brown, Aug to Sep. Erect annual herb, to 0.15 m high Fl. Yellow, Oct 9 Blennospora doliiformis 5 P3 to Nov. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.25-0.6 m high. 10 Caladenia hueglii 1 T CR EN Flowers green & cream & red, Sep to Oct. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.35-0.6 m high. Fl. 11 Caladenia speciosa 2,3,4,5 P4 white-pink, Sep to Oct. Tufted annual, herb (forming a rounded cushion 12 Centrolepis caespitosa 1 P4 EN up to 25 mm across). Flowers Oct to Dec. Erect, or spreading, shrub to 0.7 m high, often using other shrubs for support. Young branches 13 Darwinia foetida 1 T EN CR are slender, green-brown with prominent,

decurrent leaf bases, becoming grey and woody.

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State National No Species Conservation Plant description Status Rank Rank Flowers green, Oct to Nov. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.5-1.05 m high. 14 Diuris drummondii 1,2,3,4,5 T VU VU Flowers yellow, Nov to Dec or Jan. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.3-0.6 m high. 15 Diuris micrantha 1 T VU VU Flowers yellow & brown, Sep to Oct. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.15-0.35 m high. 16 Diuris purdiei 1 T EN EN Flowers yellow, Sep to Oct. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.12-0.3 m high. 17 Drakaea elastica 1 T CR EN Flowers red & green & yellow, Oct to Nov. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.15-0.3 m high. 18 Drakaea micrantha T EN VU Flowers red & yellow, Sep to Oct. Eryngium pinnatifidum Erect perennial herb 0.15 -0.5 m high, Flowers 19 P3 subsp. Palustre 6 white / blue Eucalyptus rudis subsp. Tree, 5-20 m high, bark rough, box-type. Fl. 20 P4 Cratyantha 2,5 white, Jul to Sep. Prickly, much-branched, non-lignotuberous Lambertia echinata 21 T CR EN shrub, to 3 m high. Flowers yellow, Feb or Apr or subsp. Occidentalis 1 Dec. Lasiopetalum Multi-stemmed shrub, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. pink- 22 P3 membranaceum 2,3,4,5 blue-purple, Sep to Dec. Platysace Perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. white-cream, 23 P3 ramosissima 2,3,4,5 Oct to Nov. Tuberous, herb, to 0.35 m high, with rosette 24 Pterostylis frenchii 4 P2 leaves. Caespitose annual or perennial, grass-like or 25 Puccinellia vassica 2,4 P1 herb, 0.41-0.55 m high. Saline soils. On the outer margins of coastal saltmarshes. Slender shrub, 1-2 m high. Fl. yellow/orange & 26 Pultenaea skinneri 2,4,5 P4 red, Jul to Sep. Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb (sedge), 27 Schoenus benthamii 2,3,4,5 P3 0.15-0.45 m high. Fl. brown, Oct to Nov. Annual, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.03-0.06 m 28 Schoenus loliaceus 2,5 P2 high. Fl. Aug to Nov. Erect annual (ephemeral), herb, 0.05-0.12 m 29 Stylidium longitubum 2,3 P3 high. Fl. pink, Oct to Dec. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.1-0.35 m high. 30 Thelymitra variegata 2,4,5 P3 Flowers orange & red & purple & pink, Jun to Sep. 31 Verticordia attenuata 2,4,5 P3 Shrub, 0.4-1 m high. Fl. pink, Dec or Jan to May. References: 1. Department of the Environment, 2015 2. DPaW, 2007 – 2015. 3. DPaW, 2014a. 4. DPaW, 2013. 5. WAH, 2014. 6. Env Australia, 2013. 7. Williams, 2011

5.8 Other significant vegetation and flora.

Other significant vegetation and flora as defined by the EPA (2008), which may be present within the survey area are discussed in Table 6 and Table 7 below.

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Table 6: Other Significant Vegetation Significant vegetation characteristic Relevance to the survey area. Scarcity The vegetation type is not considered to be scarce; however it is mapped to occur within the Karrakatta Central and South Vegetation Complex which has less than 30% of its pre-European extent vegetation remaining on the SCP. Unusual species A review of literature relevant to the survey area did not reveal any unusual species of note. Novel combination of species A review of literature relevant to the survey area did not reveal communities with novel combinations of species occurring within proximity of the survey area. A role as a refuge, for example islands or Refugia are not known from the area. permanent wetlands in arid environments. Key habitat for threatened species or large Vegetation occurring within the survey may provide key populations habitat for threatened fauna species known to occur within the area, refer to Section 8.10. Representatives of the range of a vegetation Vegetation complexes identified at the survey area are not unit including the extremes of the range, or a known to be at the extreme of their range and the survey good example in prime habitat. area is not known to represent an example of a vegetation unit in prime habitat. A restricted distribution A literature review identified four TEC and four PEC’s in close proximity to the survey area. These communities are generally regarded has having a restricted distribution, please refer to Section X for further information.

Table 7: Other Significant Flora Significant flor a characteristic Relevance to the survey area. Key roles in a habitat for threatened species Four species of threatened fauna are known to occur within or large populations proximity to the survey area. It is likely that vegetation within the survey area may provide habitat for these species, refer to Section 5.9 Relic status Literature review did not reveal any flora species with relictual status as occurring within proximity of the survey area. Anomalous features that indicate a potential A literature review did not reveal any flora with anomalous new discovery features as occurring at or in proximity to the survey area. Being representatives of the range of a A sub-species of Synaphea spinulosa recorded in vicinity of species including the extremes of the range the survey area is known to be at its mapped range extent, please refer to Section 5.10. A restricted subspecies, variety or naturally Colour variants of Anigozanthos manglesii has been occurring hybrid recorded in the locality. A yellow variant has been recorded at Katherine Chauhan Reserve approximately two km west of the survey area, please refer to Section 5.11. Local endemism or a restricted distribution Aside from priority listed and declared rare flora the literature review did not reveal locally endemic or restricted distribution flora.

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5.9 Key habitat and flora requirements for threatened fauna species

Four threatened fauna species specially protected under state (WC Act) and federal legislation (EPBC Act) are known to occur within proximity of the survey area (DEWHA, 2009; DSEWPaC, 2012), as outlined in Table 7 below (N.B. other protected fauna species may also be present, specialist zoological advice should be sought in this regard):

Table 8: Protected Fauna Species known to occur in proximity to the survey area Species Scientific Name EPBC Status WC Act Status Western Ringtail Possum (WRP) Pseudocheirus occidentalis Vulnerable Threatened Carnaby’s cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris Endangered Threatened

Baudin’s cockatoo Calyptorhynchus baudinii Vulnerable Threatened

Forest red-tailed black Calyptorhynchus banksii Vulnerable Threatened cockatoo naso

The EPBC Act significant impact and referral guidelines provide information on the habitat requirements for these species, including any flora species which are important to their existence. These habitat and flora requirements are listed below.

5.9.1 Western Ringtail Possum habitat and flora requirements

EPBC Act Significant Impact Guidelines for WRP identify that the survey area occurs within an area that provides key supportive habitat for ther possums.

These Guidelines recognises that there are two habitat communities primarily used by the Western Ringtail Possum in the southern Swan Coastal Plain:

1. Coastal peppermint dominated communities – peppermint dominated communities on sand with perched/shallow fresh groundwater that are generally within one kilometre of the coast, including areas where this habitat type occurs as remnants.

2. Myrtaceous and other communities – communities with a mosaic of eucalypt woodlands and forest with varying peppermint presence, including occasional peppermint dominated gullies, sheltered, wet and/or sandy sites (DEWHA, 2009).

Areas containing a dense understorey of coastal sword sedge Lepidosperma gladiatum and other lepidosperma species also provide important habitat for WRP (DEWHA, 2009)

Peppermint forms 90% of the diet of Western Ringtail Possums in the southern Swan Coastal Plain and is considered to be significant for the survival of WRP (DEWHA, 2009).

5.9.2 Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos habitat and flora requirements

Table 9 outlines key flora and habitat requirements for the threatened black cockatoos (DSEWPaC, 2012).

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5.10 Range Extension Flora

Env Australia (2013) recorded a range extension for Synaphaea spinulosa var spinulosa during a survey of the ECU campus in 2012. Records for this species are located within 1 km west of the survey area.

5.11 A restricted subspecies, variety or naturally occurring hybrid

A yellow flowering variant of Anigozanthos manglesii was recorded in October of 2014 from Katherine Chauhan Reserve, Withers, Bunbury. Katherine Chauhan Reserve is located approximately 1 km west of the survey area within the Spearwood dune system and the mapped Karrakatta Central and South vegetation complex. It is understood that there are a number of natural colour variations of A manglesii with a red colour variant of the same species occurring along the Capel – Boyanup Railway line (DPaW, 2014d).

Figure 3: Yellow colour variant of Anigozanthos manglesii at Katherine Chauhan Reserve, Bunbury

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Table 9: Key flora and vegetation habitats used by threatened species of black cockatoos, sourced from EPBC Act referral guidelines for three species of black cockatoo species, DSEWPaC,12) Habitat Baudin’s Cockatoo Carnaby’s Cockatoo Forest red-tailed Cockatoo Breeding Generally in woodland or forest, but may also breed in Generally in woodland or forest, but also breeds in Generally in woodland or forest, but may also breed in former woodland or forest now present as isolated trees. former woodland or forest now present as isolated former woodland or forest now present as isolated trees. Nest in hollows in trees. Nest in hollows in Nest in hollows in live or dead trees of karri ( Eucalyptus diversicolor) , marri live or dead trees of salmon gum ( E. salmonophloia ), live or dead trees of marri, karri, wandoo, bullich (Corymbia calophylla) , wandoo ( E.wandoo ) and tuart wandoo, tuart, jarrah ( E. marginata ), flooded gum (E.megacarpa ), blackbutt ( E. patens ), tuart and jarrah. (E.gomphocephala ). (E. rudis ), york gum ( E. loxophleba subsp. loxophleba ), powderbark ( E. accedens ), karri and marri. Night Generally in or near riparian environments or other Generally in or near riparian environments or natural Tall jarrah, marri, blackbutt, tuart and introduced eucalypt permanent water sources. Jarrah, marri, flooded gum, and artificial permanent water sources. Flat-topped roosting trees within or on the edges of forests. blackbutt ( E. patens ), tuart, and introduced eucalypts yate ( E. occidentalis ), salmon gum, wandoo, marri, including blue gum ( E. globulus ), and lemon scented gum karri, blackbutt, tuart, introduced eucalypts (for (Corymbia citriodora ). example blue gum) and introduced pines. Foraging Eucalypt woodlands and forest, and proteaceous woodland Native shrubland, kwongan heathland and woodland Jarrah and marri woodlands and forest, and edges of karri and heath. During the breeding season feed primarily on dominated by proteaceous plant species such as forests including wandoo and blackbutt, within the range native vegetation, particularly marri. Outside the breeding Banksia spp. (including Dryandra spp.), Hakea spp. and of the subspecies. season, may feed in fruit orchards (mostly apple and pear, Grevillea spp. Forages in pine plantations ( Pinus spp.), but also persimmon) and tips of Pinus spp. eucalypt woodland and forest that contains foraging species. Also individual trees and small stands of these species. Foraging: Mostly marri (seeds, flowers, nectar and grubs) and Seeds, flowers and nectar of native proteaceous plant Mostly seeds of marri and jarrah, also Eucalyptus caesia , proteaceous trees and shrubs. Also other native seeds and species (for example, Banksia spp. , Hakea spp. , illyarrie (E. erythrocorys ) and some introduced eucalypts common introduced fruits; insects and insect larvae; pith of kangaroo Dryandra spp , and Grevillea spp), eucalypts and such as river red gum ( E. camaldulensis ) and flooded gum food items paw ( Anigozanthos flavidus ); juice of ripe persimmons; tips Callistemon . Also seeds of introduced species including (E. grandis ), Allocasuarina cones, fruits of snottygobble of Pinus spp. and seeds of apples and pears. Pinus spp., Erodium spp., wild radish, canola, almonds (Persoonia longifolia ) and mountain marri ( Corymbia and pecan nuts; insects and insect larvae; occasionally haematoxylon ). On the Swan Coastal Plain, often feed on flesh and juice of apples and persimmons. introduced cape lilac ( Melia azedarach ).

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5.12 Declared Pest plants and Weeds of National Significance

Ten declared pest plants recognised under section 22 of the BAM Act and four Weeds of National Significance (WONS) currently known to occur within the City of Bunbury (CoB, 2007).

Weeds of National Significance are regarded as being Australia’s worst invasive plants (AWC, 2012), however, this classification does not have a statutory head of power for control at present.

Table 10: City of Bunbury Declared Pest Plants and Weeds of National Significance Scientific Name Common Name Pest Plant WONS Control Category in Bunbury 1 Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper C3 x Emex australis Double Gee C3 Genista linifolia Flax-leaf Broom x Gomphocarpus fruticosus Narrow-leaf Cotton Bush C3 Lantana camara Lantana C3 x Moraea flaccida One-leaf Cape Tulip C3 Moraea miniata Two-leaf Cape Tulip C3 Rubus anglocandicans European (common) Blackberry C3 x Rubus laudatus American (early) Blackberry C3 Solanum linnaeanum Apple of Sodom C3 Zantedeschia aethiopica Arum Lily C3 1.Refer to Appendix 1 for a description of the weed control categories under the BAM Act.

5.13 Locally Significant Weeds

The City of Bunbury has prioritised locally significant weeds based on invasiveness, capacity for control and their current distribution vs potential distribution within the City. A draft list has been prepared and is used as a basis for prioritising management of environmental weeds across the City.

Table 11: City of Bunbury Environmental Draft Weed Appreciation Schedule: very high to medium control species No. Scientific Name Common Name Priority 1 Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper VH 2 Chamaecytisus palmensis Tree Lucerne, Tagasaste H 3 Eragrostis curvula African Lovegrass H 4 Euphorbia terracina Geraldton Carnation Weed H 5 Leptospermum laevigatum Victorian Teatree H 6 Moraea flaccida One-leaf Cape Tulip H 7 Zantedeschia aethiopica Arum Lily H 8 Acacia iteaphylla Flinders Range Wattle M 9 Acacia longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle M

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No. Scientific Name Common Name Priority 10 Agapanthus praecox Agapanthus M 11 Carex divisa Divided Sedge M 12 Carpobrotus edulis Hottentot Fig M 13 Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass M 14 Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt Grass M 15 Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt Grass M 16 Emex australis Doublegee M 17 Ferraria crispa Black Flag M 18 Freesia alba x leichtlinii Freesia M 19 Gladiolus undulatus Wavy Gladiolus M 20 Gomphocarpus fruticosus Narrowleaf Cottonbush M 21 Lantana camara var. camara Lantana M 22 Lupinus cosentinii Sand-plain Lupin M 24 Rubus anglocandicans European Blackberry M 25 Rubus laudatus American Blackberry M 26 Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian Pepper M 27 Watsonia meriana Bubil Watsonia M

5.14 Previous Flora and Vegetation Surveys

A number of flora and vegetation surveys have previously been undertaken in proximity to the survey site and are listed below. Of these surveys those undertaken by Koch (1990); Envi Australia (2013); Onshore Environmental Consultants (2007) and Gibson et al . (1994) are especially relevant to this survey because of their close proximity and similar landscape position and soil type to the survey area. A map showing the spatial location of these surveys and others of interest to the survey area are provided in Figure 4. Appendix 7 provides a table comparing the main results of these surveys and is used as a basis of discussion in this report. • Alan Tingay and Associates (2000). South Bunbury and Brook Village Structure Plan Review Environmental Assessment. • Beverly Koch (1989). Vegetation Survey of the Proposed Botanic Park, “ Manea Park”, City of Bunbury. • Beverly Koch (1990). Vegetation Survey of the Proposed Botanic Park, “ Manea Park”, City of Bunbury - Supplementary Survey of Western and Eastern Sections. • Gibson et al. (1994) A floristic Survey of the Southern Coastal Plain. • Eco Logic Environmental Services South West (2010). 2010 Level 1 Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, Proposed Somerville Drive Extension, College Grove. • Ekologica (2012). A level 2 Flora and Vegetation Survey of Remnant Native Vegetation at the Bunbury Airport. • Env Australia (2013). Flora and Vegetation Assessment of Edith Cowan University, Bunbury.

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• GHD (2003). Hay Park Athletics and Cycle Track Proposal Flora Survey. • Gibson et al. (1994). A Floristic Survey of the Southern Swan Coastal Plain, Department of Conservation and Land Management. • Hart, Simpson and Associates & B.K. Masters and Associates (1994). Development of Part of System 6 c70 South of the Maidens. Bunbury Endowment Land Part Lot 670, and Parts of Lots 301-4. Consultative Environmental Review. • Onshore Environmental Consultants (2007). Flora &Vegetation Survey, Edith Cowan University. • RPS (2010). Level 1 Spring Flora Survey, Somerville Drive Intersection, College Grove Rev 0.0 prepared for the City of Bunbury. • Shrapnel Urban Planning (1994). City of Bunbury, Bunbury Airport and Environs Future Land Use Potential Study Environmental Assessment. • SW Herbarium Volunteer Group (2013). October 2013, Katherine Chauhan Reserve, Parade Road / Sweeting Way/ Guille Fawy, City of Bunbury Vegetation and Flora Survey.

Figure 4: Other Flora Surveys in Proximity to Survey Area

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6. Survey Method

The survey methodology is according to requirements established by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) for flora and vegetation surveys in Western Australia, as set out in: • Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia, Clearing of Native Vegetation, with particular reference to the agricultural area, Position Statement No. 2 EPA 2000, Western Australia • Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection, Position Statement No. 3, EPA 2002, Western Australia • Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors: Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia No. 51 ,EPA 2004, Western Australia • Environmental Guidance for Planning and Development, Guidance Statement No. 33 EPA 2008, Western Australia.

Key terms used in this survey are as per the definitions provided in EPA Guidance Statement No. 51.

6.1 Desktop review:

A desktop search was undertaken to gather background information to inform and guide the flora survey. This involved a search and review of the following sources: • DPaW Threatened and Priority Flora database (DPaW, 2014a) • Western Australian Herbarium database as of (DPaW, 2014c). • DPaW Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities database (DPaW, 2014b) • DoTE Protected Matters Search Tool (DotE, 2015) • DPaW NatureMap (DPaW, 2007-2015) The area was searched on a 5 km buffer around the study area N.B. Data for the above resources was collected from an approximately 5 km radius of the survey area. • Previous vegetation and flora surveys undertaken in the vicinity of the study area as listed in section 5.14 and compared in Appendix 7.

6.2 Field survey

The survey was carried out during four visits to the survey area on the 4 and 26 September, 21 October and 9 December 2014.

The survey comprised of two main parts:

1. A general flora survey of the whole study area, which included a targeted rare flora search and an assessment of the vegetation condition and vegetation communities present within the survey area. The entire survey area was traversed two times.

2. Installation of four 100 m 2 floristic quadrats to allow for the vegetation of the study area to be compared to established floristic community types defined by Gibson et al . (1994). The quadrat was surveyed for flora on three occasions. The GPS coordinates of the northeast corner of the

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quadrat were recorded, refer to Figure 7 for a location of the quadrats and Appendix 4 for the coordinate values.

The targeted flora search entailed a systematic search of the survey area. The relatively small size of the survey area allowed for almost the entire area to be visually inspected.

The vegetation condition of the survey area was determined in accordance with Keighery’s (1994) vegetation condition scale. Condition ratings were recorded on hard copy aerial images and digitised on to aerial maps using GIS software.

Vegetation units were described based on the vegetation structure, cover and dominant species present within the study area in accordance with the methodology prescribed in Keighery (1994). Vegetation units were mapped on aerial images and then digitised using GIS software.

The 100 m2 survey quadrats were established, surveyed and recorded also using methodology prescribed in Keighery 1994. Additional data on species abundance was also collected within the quadrat to assist in the comparative assessment of the mapped vegetation units with Gibson et al . (1994) Floristic Community Types (FCTs). The species abundance categories are provided in Appendix 1.

Flora, where possible, was identified in the field using field manuals and where positive identification was not possible a sample was taken for identification using relevant flora identification reference texts. Where further clarification was required, specimens were taken to the Bunbury Regional Herbarium for assistance in identification. A single visit was undertaken during January 2014.

6.3 Comparative analysis of vegetation types

To clarify what FCTs correlated with the vegetation unit in the survey area and to determine the likely occurrence of TECs or PECs, plant species lists from the surveyed quadrats were compared against Gibson et al . (1994) Floristic Community Type species lists. Landscape position and soil type and other survey records were also considered in inferring a FCT.

Three FCT community types where selected for comparision based on the similarity of species recorded within surveyed quadrats to the Gibson et al . (1994) FCT species lists and the geographical location of the survey area.

1. SCP 21a Central Banksia attenuata – Eucalyptus marginata woodlands 2. SCP21b Southern Banksia attenuata woodlands 3. SCP21c Low lying Banksia attenuata woodlands or shrublands

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7. Survey Limitations and Constraints

The potential limitations of the Vegetation and Flora survey of the survey area are presented below:

Table 12: Survey Limitations and Constraints Potential limitations Constraint? Yes – no; significant, Comment Moderate or Negligible Competency / experience of the Negligible This is the second level two flora survey undertaken by the botanist, however previous and current consultant conducting the experience as a bushland regenerator 3 years in the City of Melville, sub-contracted botanist survey undertaking reserve assessments for the City of Canning in 2006 and environmental officer in local area for 8+ years provide adequate knowledge of the local flora to undertake the assessment.

An experienced botanist, (Russel Smith of Ecoedge) attended a survey of two of the quadrats to assist and verify species identification and provide advice and check on survey process. The experienced botanist also reviewed the survey results. These tasks were completed on a contractual basis. Proportion of the flora collected No constraints The quadrats and survey area were surveyed multiple times for a total time of approximately 12 & identified hours. Sources of information and No constraints Vegetation within the local area is relatively well surveyed. Numerous local survey reports were availability of contextual reviewed during the survey and preparation of this survey report. information Proportion of flora collected and Negligible The entire survey area (4.85 ha) was generally surveyed 2 times and almost all representative flora identified ( based on sampling, observed within the survey area was described. Four 100m2 quadrat was established and all flora timing and intensity) in the quadrat was surveyed. Two species of Lomandra and one species of orchid were not in flower and could not be readily identified. Completeness and further work No constraints All remnant vegetation at the survey area was mapped and searched for comprehensively on foot. which might be needed No further flora survey work is considered to be required. Mapping reliability No constraints Limited size of the area ensured that the site was adequately and accurately mapped. Timing, weather, season cycle No constraints Survey was undertaken during spring, following winter rains and prior to the onset of hot dry weather so most ephemeral species would have been present at this time. Disturbances No constraints No disturbances with th e potential to affect the survey were experienced during the survey. Eg fire or flood. Resources No constraints Sufficient resources were available to undertake the survey. Access Problems No constraints All parts of the reserve were easily accessed.

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8. Results and Discussion

8.1 General Flora

A total of 95 plant species from 33 genera and 77 families and were identified across the entire survey area. Thirteen of these were identified as weed species.

The most speciose families across the survey area were Fabaceae (11), Asteraceae (9), Proteaceae (8), Myrtaceae (7) and Asparagaceae and Poaceae (6). Other larger surveys in vicinity of the survey area also recorded these families as being speciose. There was no real dominant genera represented across the survey area, the highest being Drosera and Lomandra each with four species.

It was expected that more than six orchid species may have been recorded across the survey area, however it is noted that other flora surveys in similar vegetation units, undertaken at a similar time in close proximity to this survey area, also record a similar paucity of orchid species. Env Australia (2013) recorded only four species of orchid from five quadrats and Ecologic (2010) recorded no orchid species from a level one survey.

8.2 Threatened and Priority Flora

Eleven flora species listed as threatened under the WC Act and 12 flora species protected under EPBC Act were identified as potentially occurring within a five kilometre radius of the survey area. 20 DPaW priority listed flora were also identified within the same area, refer to Table 5. Eleven of these were recorded as having a possibility of occurring within the survey area due to a preference of similar habitat as that known to occur at the survey area.

Despite targeted searching for these species, no threatened species listed under either the EPBC Act or the WC Act were recorded in the survey area. Neither were any DPaW priority listed flora recorded in the survey area.

It is noted that no threatened flora were recorded in any of the reviewed survey reports undertaken in the local area. Appendix 7 provides an overview of flora data of reviewed surveys.

8.3 Possible Range Extent Flora

No range extension flora species were recorded from the within the survey area.

8.4 Weeds

Thirteen weed species were identified across the survey area. The two common families are Poaceae (4) and Asteraceae (3).

No declared pest plants listed under the BAM Act 2007 or Weeds of National Significance were observed within the survey area.

One medium priority locally significant weed Ehrharta calycina , Perennial veldt grass was identified within the survey area. This weed has a low density across the survey area and was only recorded from one of the four survey quadrats.

Most of the weeds were recorded to occur on the degraded fringes of the bushland and were not in

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high densities. The general absence of weeds across the survey area is likely attributed to the low level of site disturbance. The reserves have a relatively low perimeter to surface area ratio and are not bisected by uncontrolled access ways. Futhermore they have limited frontage to residential properties from which garden escape weeds may colonise the bush.

8.5 Vegetation Complex

The survey area is mapped as occurring within the Karrakata Central and South complex, but near the boundary of Southern River Complex. Descriptions of both vegetation complexes are provided below:

The Karrakata – Central and South complex is broadly described as occurring over aeolian deposits with vegetation described as predominantly open Forest of Eucalyptus gomphocephala , E marginata and Corymbia calophylla and woodland of E marginata and Banksia species.

The Southern River Complex is broadly described as occurring over aeolian deposits with vegetation described as open woodland of Corymbia calophylla , Eucalyptus marginata and Banksia species with fringing woodland of E rudis and Melaleuca rhaphiophylla along creek beds.

The absence of Eucalyptus gomphocephla from the survey area may indicate that the surveyed vegetation is more characteristic of the Southern River Association, which is typical of the Bassendean sands also recorded at the site. However as the survey area may be considered to occur within transition zone between the complexes where both could be reasonably characterised, it is reasonable to accept the boundary of the complexes as mapped by Heddle et al . (1980). Furthermore both of these complexes are characterised by woodlands of E marginata and Banksia species which were described across the survey area.

Both of these complexes are mapped to be below 30% of their original pre-European vegetation extent across the Swan Coastal Plain (PBP, 2011).

Table 13: 2010 Extent of vegetation complex across the Swan Coastal Plain, (PBP, 2011) Vegetation complex Current Extent of vegetation complext across SCP Karrakata Central and South Vegetation Complex 23. 92%. Southern River Complex 19.72 %

The EPA recognises that the species loss appears to accelerate exponentially at an ecosystem level when vegetation types are cleared below a 30% “threshold level”. The EPA’s Position Statement No. 2 (EPA, 2000) has an expectation that proposals will not compromise any vegetation type by taking it below the “threshold level” of 30%.

“There would be an expectation that a proposal would demonstrate that the vegetation removal would not compromise any vegetation type by taking it below the “threshold level” of 30% of the pre-clearing extent of the vegetation type.

Where a proposal would result in a reduction below the 30% level, the EPA would expect alternative mechanisms to be put forward to address the protection of biodiversity, EPA, (2000, pg 9.)

8.6 Vegetation Units:

Two vegetation units are described as occurring over the survey area following a comparision of

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dominant structural species in the quadrats. This was confirmed by an inspection of the dominant structural species across the survey area as mapped, see Figure 7.

Table 14: Vegetation units described within the survey area Landform Vegetation Unit Code Vegetation Unit Description Extent within the Survey Area Slopes EmBaXoKbMtMrSlHhXb Eucalyptus marginata Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata 4.1 ha and Xylomelum occidentale Low Open Forest over Kunzea glabrescens Tall Open Shrubland over Melaleuca thymoides, Macrozamia riedei, Stirlingia latifolia, Jacksonia horrida Shrubland to Open Heath over Hibbertia hypericoides, Xanthorrhoea brunonis Open Low Heath over Brachyscome bellidioides, Trachymene pilosa, Asteridia pulverulenta Very Open Herbland to Herbland.

In some islolated patches Kunzea glabresens occurs in denser thickets and appears to limit the number of herbs, as is recorded in Quadrat L298Q4. Slopes EmBaBaXoMtJhHhXbSl Eucalyptus marginata and Banksia attenuata Open Forest over 0.73 ha Banksia attenuata and Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland over Melaleuca thymoides, Jacksonia horrida Shrubland over Hibbertia hypericoides, Xanthorrhoea brunonis and Stirlingia latifolia Open Low Heath and Dasypogon bromelifolius and Phlebocarya ciliata Open Herbland

This unit is similar to the first however it has a taller canopy with more perennial herbs in the understorey.

Figure 5: Typical vegetation of EmBaXoKbMtMrSlHhXb

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Figure 6: Typical vegetation of EmBaBaXoMtJhHhXbSl

These units are similar to those described by Koch (1990); Onshore (2007); Env Australia (2013), Ecologic (2010) and Gibson et al . (1994) in surveys of similar vegetation units in close proximity to the survey area. These are briefly compared below. Figure 8 shows the survey area relative to the unit described by Envi Australia (2013), Koch (1990) and Onshore (2007). A description of similar vegetation at nearby sites is given below:

Gibson et al . (1994) Floristic data for MANEA03.

Dominant 1.: Banksia attenuata and Xylomelum occidentale Dominant 2: Jacksonia aff sternbergiana Dominant 3: Hibbertia hypericoides , Stirlingia latifolia and Melaleuca thymoides , Dominant 4: Phlebocarya ciliata and Dasypogon bromelifolius

The Jacksonia aff sternbergiana may possibly be the Jacksonia horrida recorded in this survey as these species are very similar.

Ecologic (2010)

Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata over a Low Woodland of Banksia attenuata , Agonis flexuosa and Kunzea glabrescens over a Tall Open Shrubland of Melaleuca thymoides and Jacksonia horrida over a Low Shrubland of Hibbertia hypericoides , Adenanthos meisneri and Stirlingia latifolia and Xanthorrhoea gracilis over an Open Sedgeland/Grassland of Lyginia imberbis, Lepidosperma squamatum and Austrostipa campylachne.

This community occurs immediately to west and northwest of the survey in the area now covered by the Someville Drive Extension Project. Noticeable is the presence of Agonis flexuosa and Adenanthos meisneri in the unit. These species are present within this survey but are not recognised as dominant structural elements.

Env Australia (2013)

EmBaXoHhMtDp: Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla open forest over Banksia attenuata low woodland over Xylomelum occidentale scattered tall shrubs over Macrozamia riedlei scattered shrubs over Hibbertia hypericoides, Melaleuca thymoides low shrubland over * Briza maxima scattered tussock grasses over Dichopogon preissii very open herbland.

This community as occurs immediately north of the survey area. The noticeable difference is the

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presence of marri as a structural element of the unit which was not recorded within this survey. Env Australia 2013 vegetation community covers a larger area which encompasses a more diverse landscape which included marri, however, survey quadrats closest to this survey area did not include this species.

Onshore (2007)

EmBa : Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata , Banksia attenuata, Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland A over Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata, Xylomelum occidentale Open Low Woodland B over Melaleuca incana ssp. incana Open Scrub over Melaleuca thymoides, Melaleuca incana ssp. incana, Jacksonia horrida Open Low Scrub A over Melaleuca thymoides Low Scrub B over Melaleuca thymoides Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia hypericoides, Dasypogon bromeliifolius, Stirlingia latifolia Low Heath D over Daucus glochidiatus, *Hypochaeris glabra, *Ursinia anthemoides Very Open Herbs

This community occurs immediately north of the survey area, the noticeable difference is the presence of Melaleuca incana ssp. Incana in Onshore’ survey. This species is characteristic of winter-wet depressions and swamps. This may be an error, perhaps typological, as neither Env Australia (2013) or Koch (1990) record this species across this survey area. Futhermore the landform rises from east to north east for the survey area which would support vegetation more characteristic of upland communities.

Koch (1990)

Ba-J: Banksia attenuata 15-35% Eucalyptus marginata 2-10% Woodland or Low Open Forest over Banksia ilicifolia 2-5%, Xylomelom occidentale 0-5%Low Open Woodland over Tall Shrubs 1-1.5 m, 356-60% foliar cover e.g. Acacia pulchella, Allocasuarina humilis, Macrozamia riedlei, Melaleuca thymoides, Stirlingia latifolia, Xanthorhoea preisii over Low Shrubs and Herbs e.g. Acacia stenoptera, Adenanthos meisneri, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Calytrix flavescens, Conostephium pendulum, Dasypogon bromellifolius, Daviesia physodes, Hibbertia hypericoides, Lepidosperma angustatum, Patersonia occidentalis, Petrophile linearis, Phlebocarya ciliata

This community is mapped to occur both to the north and west of the survey area. The noticeable difference is the presence of Banksia ilicifolia in the canopy. This is expected as Koch’s vegetation unit covers a much broader area including areas which transition from dry to damp lands. Banksia ilicifolia typically occurs in these transition areas.

Note: Koch’s (1989) structural descriptions utilise Aplin’s 1979 structural formations which are different to those utilised in this survey and those described above. In order to provide a comparable unit only those species which have a greater than 5% projective foliage cover were included in the description.

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Figure 7: Vegetation Units

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Figure 8: Comparison with other Flora Survey Vegetation Units

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8.7 Floristic Community Types

The vegetation units within the quadrats have been inferred to be SCP 21a Central Banksia attenuata – Eucalyptus marginata woodlands, refer to Table 15.

The factors supporting this inference are: • The quadrats contain a high number of typical trees, shrubs and herbs representative of the community as shown in Table 15. • At least two of the four common tree and shrub species were represented across all four quadrats. • SCP 21a is characteristic of Bassendean sands which are present within the survey area. • Env Australia (2013) inferred a similar vegetation unit located immediately north of the survey area to also be SCP21a.

The SCP21b Southern Banksia attenuata Woodland whilst similar to vegetation in the survey area was discounted due to the absence of nearly half of the ‘indicator’ typical and common shrub species. It is noted that a Gibson et al . (1994) reference site MANEA03 for SCP21b occurs less than 200 m north of the survey area within same mapped soil type and similar landscape position. This is not unusual as it is recognised that there is an interzone of SCP 21b and SCP 21a within the Bunbury region where both communities can be represented.

SCP21c whilst also similar was discounted due to it predominantly occurring in low lying, wetter areas within the Bassendean Dune System.

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Table 15: Comparison of Survey Data with Gibson et al. (1994) Floristic Community Types FCT Description Mean Species Typical Common Total Typical & Comment Richness species species Common Species SCP21a Central Banksia attenuata - 54.6 9 22 32 eucalyptus marginata woodlands. Quadrat % Species % typical % common % of typical richness species species common species L298Q1 EmBaXokbMtMrSlHhXb 75% 78% (7-9) 27% (6-22) 42% This vegetation is s imilar to SCP21a. These quadrats L298Q2 66% 66% (6-9) 32 (7-22) 42% combined contain all typical trees, shrubs and herbs but a L298Q3 82% 89% (8-9) 27% (6-22) 45% comparatively low number of shared common species. Occurs on in similar soil types. Could be inferred as SCP21a. L298Q4 EmBaBaXoMtJhHhXbSl 81% 89% (8-9) 50% (11-22) 61% This vegetation is m ost similar to SCP21a and could be inferred to be SCP21a. Highest number of Gibson et al.’s typical and common species represented in the survey area. Occurs on in similar soil types. FCT Description Mean Species Typical Common Total Typical & Comment Richness species species Common Species SCP21b Southern Banksia attenuata 61.3 25 17 42 woodlands Quadrat % Species % typical % common % of typical & richness species species common species L298Q1 EmBaXokbMtMrSlHhXb 67% 40% (10-25) 53% (9-17) 45% This vegetation is similar to SCP 21b. However nearly half of L298Q2 59% 24% (6-25) 41% (7-17) 31% the typical and common shrubs that characterise this unit L298Q3 73% 40% (10-25) 41% (7-17) 40% are absent from the survey area. L298Q4 EmBaBaXoMtJhHhXbSl 72% 56% (14-25) 41% (7-17) 50% FCT Description Mean Species Typical Common Total Typical & Comment Richness species species Common Species SCP21 c Low lying Banksia attenuata 40.5 6 18 24 woodlands or shrublands Quadrat % Species % typical % common % of typical richness species species common species L298Q1 EmBaXokbMtMrSlHhXb 101% 17% (1-6) 50% (9-18) 42% The vegetation is si milar to SCP21c however it is unlikely to L298Q2 88% 33% (2-6) 28% (5-18) 29% be this community as this FCT is more typical of low lying wet L298Q3 111% 50% (3-6) 44% (8-18) 46% areas. L298Q4 EmBaBaXoMtJhHhXbSl 109% 50% (3-6) 39% (7-18) 42%

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8.8 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

No TECs or PECs were recorded as occurring within the survey area.

However, two TEC’s (SCP09 and SCP07) and and three mapped occurences of the PEC SCP 21b occur in very close proximity to the survey area.

The buffer of TEC - SCP09 Dense shrublands on clay flats - occurs over the survey area whilst the buffer of the other TEC SCP07 Herb rich saline shrublands in clay pans occurs less than 100 metres southeast of the survey area. These communities were clearly not represented at site due an absence of similar vegetation and similar soil types

The buffers of three mapped PEC SCP 21b Southern Banksia attenuata Woodland communities all overlie the survey area. This PEC whilst similar to the vegetation described for the community was discounted to the absence of nearly half of the typical shrub species typical of the PEC, ref Section 8.7.

8.9 Vegetation Condition

The condition of vegetation present at the survey area ranged from Completely Degraded to Excellent according to the Keighery Vegetation Scale (Keighery, 1994).

The completely degraded area located at the SE corner of the northern parcel of land is mostly likely to have been used as a storage area during the construction of the College Grove Development. This area was recently used for this purpose during the construction of the Somerville Drive Extension project.

It is thought that the vegetation near the edge of the excellent condition bushland areas may have been cleared at subdivision and subsequently regrown. There is a low species diversity in these areas but a high number of the same species – in particular juvenille banksia attenuata and established Jacksonia horrida . There is a low weed density in these areas. These areas have been given a good condition rating mostly due to the low biodiversity as to recreate the bushland would require substantial effort.

The excellent condition bushland area has been maintained as there are no tracks through the reserve and the boundaries of the bush are largely weed free.

Table 16: Vegetation Condition Recorded in the Survey Area Vegetation Condition Area (ha) Proportion of Study Area (%) Excellent 4.2 86.4 Good 0.16 3.3 Degraded 0.15 3.1 Completely degraded 0.35 7.2 Total Area 4.86 100

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Table 17: Vegetation condition of EmBaXokbMtMrSlHhXb Vegetation Condition Area (ha) Proportion of Unit (%) Excellent 3.7 90.2 Good 0.03 0.9 Completely Degraded 0.35 8.8 Total 4.1 100

Table 18: Vegetation condition of EmBaBaXoMtJhHhXbSl Vegetation Condition Area (ha) Proportion of Unit (%) Excellent 0.45 62 Good 0.13 18 Degraded 0.15 20 Total 0.73 ha 100

Figure 9: Vegetation Condition Survey

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8.10 Key vegetation and flora requirements for threatened species

8.10.1 Western Ringtail Possums

Vegetation unit described for the area does not provide a reasonable match for either of the two habitat communities described to be primarily used by WRP due to a paucity of Peppermint, Agonis flexuosa which comprises 90% of the diet of WRP.

2..Myrtaceous and other communities – communities with a mosaic of eucalypt woodlands and forest with varying peppermint presence, including occasional peppermint dominated gullies, sheltered, wet and/or sandy sites (DEWHA, 2009).

The vegetation does however support a number of myrtaceous species (7) which may provide habitat for the possums and be supportive to other bushland areas in the locality preferred by WRP, for example via provision of alternative forage or denning habitat. Further zoological studies are recommended to ascertain the value of this area to WRP.

8.10.2 Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos

Flora species recorded within the survey area may in theory provide breeding, night roosting and foraging habitat for threatened species of black cockatoos, as outlined in Table 19 below:

Table 19: Flora species that may be used by threatened black cockatoos within the survey area. Key flora within survey Baudins Cockatoo Carnaby’s Cockatoo Forest red-tailed Cockatoo area Habitat Eucalyptus marginata Night roosting Breeding Breeding Night roosting Forage Banksia attenuata, Possible forage Possible forage Xylomelum occidentale Possible forage Possible forage

In determining the significance of a potential impact on the black cockatoos, it is useful to consult DSEWPaC’s (2012) Referal Guidelines, as outlined below:

Referral Guidelines for Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos (DSEWPaC 2012) High risk of significant impacts: referral recommended • Clearing of any known nesting tree • Clearing or degradation of any part of a vegetation community known to contain breeding habitat –( suitable tree species with a suitable nest hollow or of a suitable diameter at breast height (DBH) to develop a nest hollow. For most tree species, suitable DBH I 500 mm. • Clearing of more than 1 ha of quality foraging habitat • Clearing or degradation (including pruning the top canopy) of a known night roosting site. • Creating a gap of greater than 4 km between patches of black cockatoo habitat • (breeding, foraging or roosting).

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Uncertainty: referral recommended or contact the department • Degradation (such as through altered hydrology or fire regimes) of more than 1 ha of foraging habitat. Significance will depend on the level and extent of degradation and the quality of the habitat. • Clearing or disturbance in areas surrounding black cockatoo breeding, foraging or night roosting habitat that has the potential to degrade habitat through introduction of invasive species, edge effects, hydrological changes, increased human visitation or fire. • Actions that do not directly affect the listed species but that have the potential for indirect impacts such as increasing competitors for nest hollows. • Actions with the potential to introduce known plant diseases such as Phytophthora spp. to an area where the pathogen was not previously known. Low risk of significant impacts: referral may not be required • Actions that do not affect black cockatoo habitat or individuals. • Actions whose impacts occur outside the modelled distribution of the three black cockatoos

In view of this information, it is possible that the clearing of vegetation onsite may have an impact on the black cockatoos such that would warrant approval under the EPBC Act. As such, should the clearing of native vegetation onsite be proposed, it is recommended that specialist zoological surveys are first undertaken at the site to quantify the likely impacts on the black cockatoos against the referal guidelines.

9. Conclusion and Recommendations

The findings of the Level 2 Spring Flora and Vegetation Survey conducted over lots 298 and 997 Winthrop Avenue, Lot 938 Robertson Drive, Lot 934 Hildas Close, Lots 643 and 998 Somerville Drive and Lot 790 Oriel Court are provided as follows: • No Declared Rare Flora Species listed under Section 23 F of the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 or Priority flora species as listed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) were found within the survey area. • No flora protected under the Commonwealth Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) were recorded within the survey area. • Key flora species that may provide habitat for threatened species of black cockatoo protected under the EPBC Act were identified within the survey area. Key flora for the black cockatoos include: Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata ), Banksia attenuata and Woody Pear ( Xylomelum occidentale ). • Vegetation within the survey area may provide limited habitat for threatened Western Ringtail possums protected under the EPBC Act, for example via provision of denning or alternative foraging habitat. • The survey area is identified as occurring within the Karrakatta Complex - Central and South which is mapped to be at 23.92% of its pre-European extent. Two vegetation units were identified within the survey area. These are described as: 1. Eucalyptus marginata Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata and Xylomelum occidentale Low Open Forest over Kunzea glabrescens Tall Open Shrubland over Melaleuca thymoides, Macrozamia riedei, Stirlingia latifolia, Jacksonia horrida Shrubland to Open Heath over Hibbertia hypericoides, Xanthorrhoea brunonis Open Low Heath over Brachyscome bellidioides, Trachymene pilosa, Asteridia pulverulenta Very

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Open Herbland to Herbland. 2. Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Forest over Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa and Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland over Allocasuarina humilis Tall Open Shrubland over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Shrubland over *Briza maxima Grassland over mixed Open Herbland. • The mapped vegetation units are both inferred to represent the Floristic Community Type SCP 21a Central Banksia attenuata – Eucalyptus marginata Woodlands which is considered to be well reserved with a low risk conservation status. • The Department of Parks and Wildlife has recorded four Threatened Ecological Communities and four Priority Ecological Communities within a five kilometre radius of the survey area. None were identified as occurring at the site during the field survey and comparative analysis. • Vegetation condition within the survey area ranged from Completely Degraded to Excellent. • 96 species of flora were recorded from the survey area from 77 families and 33 genera of which 13 species were recognised as weeds. • No declared pest plants under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 or recognised Weeds of National Significance were recorded. • One locally significant weed species was recorded from the survey area * Ehrharta calycina, which is categorised as having a medium priority for control. This species should be controlled as resources allow. • The survey area is contiguous with bushland that forms part of the Maidens to Preston River Regional Ecological Linkage.

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10. References

Aplin, T.E.H (1979) The Flora. In: Environment and Science, B.J. O’Brien (ed.) pp.53-76, University of Western Australia Press, Perth.

Australian Weeds Committee (2012) Weeds of National Significance 2012. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra, ACT

Barnesby, B.A. and Proulx-Nixon, M.E. (2000) Land resources from Harvey to Capel on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia – Sheets 1 & 2. Land Resources Map 23/2. Agriculture Western Australia.

Bolland M. (1998) Soils of the Swan Coastal Plain.

Beard, J.S., Chapman, A.R. and Gioia, P. (2000) Species richness and endemism in the Western Australian Flora. Journal of Biogeography 27:pp. 1257-1268.

Bureau of Meteorology (2015) Climate statistics for Australian Locations accessed online at http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009514.shtml , 24/04/2015

City of Bunbury (2007) Community Conservation Network Fact Sheet, Declared Plants in the City of Bunbury.

Department of Agriculture and Food (2015) Western Australian Organism list accessed on 9/03/2015 at https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/organisms?page=1

Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2009) Background Paper to EPBC Act Policy Statement 3.10 - Nationally Threatened Species and Ecological Communities Significant impact guidelines for the vulnerable western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis ) in the southern Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2013) Andrew Webb, South West Regional Botanist Priority and Threatened Flora Way Points for Bunbury.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2007 – 2015) NatureMap: Mapping Western Australia's Biodiversity . Department of Parks and Wildlife. URL: http://naturemap.dpaw.wa.gov.au/

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014a) Request for Threatened and Priority Flora Information, Reference Number: 26-1214FL

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014b) Threatened and Priority Ecological Community buffers in WA, Reference Number: 19-01214EC

Department of Parks and Wildlife, (2014c) Western Australian Herbarium Database Search Results Request for Threatened and Priority Flora Information, Reference Number: 26-1214FL

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014d) Pers Comm South West Regional Botanist.

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water Population and Communities (2012) Clay Pans of the Swan Coastal Plain EPBC Act Conservation Advice 6 March 2012.

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Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water Population and Communities (2012) EPBC Act referral guidelines for three threatened black cockatoo species: Carnaby’s cockatoo ( endangered) Calyptorhynchus latirostris , Baudin’s cockatoo ( vulnerable) Calyptorhynchus baudinii, Forest red- tailed black cockatoo (vulnerable) Calyptorhynchus banksii naso

Department of the Environment (2015) EPBC Act Protected Matters Report , LGA City of Bunbury, 10/04/15

Env Australia (2013) Flora and Vegetation Assessment of Edith Cowan University, Bunbury

Environmental Protection Authority (2000) Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia, clearing of native vegetation, with particular reference to the agricultural area, Position Statement No 2.

Environmental Protection Authority (2003) Appendix 4 Ecological Linkages ( Regionally significant sequences of Ecological communities within and between the major landform elements) in the Greater Bunbury Region, A preliminary investigation of ecological linkages to support the EPA’s identification of regionally significant natural areas in the Greater Bunbury Region portion of the Swan Coastal Plain.

Environmental Protection Authority (2004) Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors ( in accordance with the Environmental Protection Act 1986) Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia No 51.

Environmental Protection Authority (2006) Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors ( in accordance with the Environmental Protection Act 1986) Level of Assessment for Proposals Affection Natural Areas Within the System 6 Region an Swan Coastal Plain Portion of the System 1 Region No. 10

Environmental Protection Authority (2008) Environmental Guidance for Planning and Development Guidance Statement No. 33.

Environmental Protection Authority (2011) Western Australian Government’s Environmental Offset Policy.

GHD (2010) Report for Stage 2 Woodcrest Rise, College Grove – Decontamination and Rehabilitation Management Plan. December 2010 (Ref: 61/25061/106133). GHD Pty Ltd.

Gibson, N. Keighery, B. J., Keighery, G.J. Burbidge, A.H and Lyons, M.N.(1994) A Floristic survey of the southern Swan Coastal Plain. Unpublished Report for the Australian Heritage Commission prepared by Department of Conservation and Land Management and the Conservation Council of Western Australia (Inc).

Hart, Simpson and Associates & B.K. Masters and Associates (1994) Development of Part of System 6 c70 South of the Maidens. Bunbury Endowment Land Part Lot 670, and Parts of Lots 301-4. Consultative Environmental Review.

Heddle, E.M., Lonragan, O.W. and Havel, J.J. (1980) Vegetation of the Darling System. In: Atlas of Natural Resources, Darling System, Western Australia. Department of Conservation and Environment, Western Australia.

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Iron Bark Environmental (2011) Biodiversity Conservation Planning Project City of Bunbury Final Report June 2011

Keighery B. (1994) Bushland Plant Survey: A guide to Plant Community Survey for the Community, Wildflower Society of WA (Inc)

Koch, B. (1989) Vegetation Survey of the Proposed Botanic Park, City of Bunbury, Prepared for the City of Bunbury.

Koch, B. (1990) Vegetation Survey of the Proposed Botanic Park, ‘Manea Park’ City of Bunbury: Supplementary survey of western and eastern extensions. Prepared for the City of Bunbury.

Molloy, S., O’Connor, T., Wood, J. and Wallrodt, S. (2007) Addendum for the South West Biodiversity Project Area, Western Australian Local Government Association, West Perth.

Onshore Environmental consultants (2007) Flora and Vegetation Survey Edith Cowan University South West Campus.

Perth Biodiversity Project (2010) 2010 Remnant Vegetation by Vegetation complex dataset for the Perth and Peel.

RPS (2010) Level 1 Spring Flora Suvery, Somerville Dr Intersection, College Grove for the City of Bunbury

Seddon G. (1972) Sense of Place a Response to an Environment the Swan Coastal Plain Western Australia, UWA Press,

Semeniuk V. (2000) Sedimentology and Holocene stratigraphy of Leschenault Inlet Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 83: 255-273

SW Herbarium Volunteer Group (2013) Katherine Chauhan Reserve, Parade Road/Sweeting Way/ Guille Fwy, City of Bunbury Vegetation and Flora Survey

Taylor R. and Burrell W. (1985) Bunbury Rifle Range Structure Plan for Bunbury City Council

Williams A. R. (2011) Austrostipa ( Poaceae) subgenus Lobatae in Western Australia, Telopea 13(1-2) 177-192, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust.

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Appendix One – Definitions and Categories

Table 1: Department of Parks and Wildlife Definitions and Categories for Threatened Ecological Communities and Priority Ecological Communities Category Definition Threatened Ecological Communities Presumed Totally An ecological community that has been adequately searched for but for which no Destroyed (PD) representative occurrences have been located. The community has been found to be totally destroyed or so extensively modified throughout its range that no occurrence of it is likely to recover its species composition and/or structure in the foreseeable future. An ecological community will be listed as presumed totally destroyed if there are no recent records of the community being extant and either of the following applies ( A or B): A) Records within the last 50 years have not been confirmed despite thorough searches of known or likely habitats or B) All occurrences recorded within the last 50 years have since been destroyed Critically Endangered An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and found to have been (CR) subject to a major contraction in area and/or that was originally of limited distribution and is facing severe modification or destruction throughout its range in the immediate future, or is already severely degraded throughout its range but capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated. An ecological community will be listed as Critically Endangered when it has been adequately surveyed and is found to be facing an extremely high risk of total destruction in the immediate future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information, by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B or C): A) The estimated geographic range, and/or total area occupied, and/or number of discrete occurrences since European settlement have been reduced by at least 90% and either or both of the following apply (i or ii): i) geographic range, and/or total area occupied and/or number of discrete occurrences are continuing to decline such that total destruction of the community is imminent (within approximately 10 years); ii) modification throughout its range is continuing such that in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years) the community is unlikely to be capable of being substantially rehabilitated. B) Current distribution is limited, and one or more of the following apply (i, ii or iii): i) geographic range and/or number of discrete occurrences, and/or area occupied is highly restricted and the community is currently subject to known threatening processes which are likely to result in total destruction throughout its range in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years); ii) there are very few occurrences, each of which is small and/or isolated and extremely vulnerable to known threatening processes; iii) there may be many occurrences but total area is very small and each occurrence is small and/or isolated and extremely vulnerable to known threatening processes. C) The ecological community exists only as highly modified occurrences that may be capable of being rehabilitated if such work begins in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years).

Endangered (EN) An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and found to have been subject to a major contraction in area and/or was originally of limited distribution and

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Category Definition is in danger of significant modification throughout its range or severe modification or destruction over most of its range in the near future. An ecological community will be listed as Endangered when it has been adequately surveyed and is not Critically Endangered but is facing a very high risk of total destruction in the near future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B, or C): A) The geographic range, and/or total area occupied, and/or number of discrete occurrences have been reduced by at least 70% since European settlement and either or both of the following apply (i or ii): i) the estimated geographic range, and/or total area occupied and/or number of discrete occurrences are continuing to decline such that total destruction of the community is likely in the short term future (within approximately 20 years); ii) modification throughout its range is continuing such that in the short term future (within approximately 20 years) the community is unlikely to be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated. B) Current distribution is limited, and one or more of the following apply (i, ii or iii): i) geographic range and/or number of discrete occurrences, and/or area occupied is highly restricted and the community is currently subject to known threatening processes which are likely to result in total destruction throughout its range in the short term future (within approximately 20 years); ii) there are few occurrences, each of which is small and/or isolated and all or most occurrences are very vulnerable to known threatening processes; iii) there may be many occurrences but total area is small and all or most occurrences are small and/or isolated and very vulnerable to known threatening processes. C) The ecological community exists only as very modified occurrences that may be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated if such work begins in the short-term future (within approximately 20 years).

Vulnerable (VU) An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and is found to be declining and/or has declined in distribution and/or condition and whose ultimate security has not yet been assured and/or a community that is still widespread but is believed likely to move into a category of higher threat in the near future if threatening processes continue or begin operating throughout its range. An ecological community will be listed as Vulnerable when it has been adequately surveyed and is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of total destruction or significant modification in the medium to long-term future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B or C): A) The ecological community exists largely as modified occurrences that are likely to be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated. B) The ecological community may already be modified and would be vulnerable to threatening processes, is restricted in area and/or range and/or is only found at a few locations. C) The ecological community may be still widespread but is believed likely to move into a category of higher threat in the medium to long term future because of existing or impending threatening processes. Priority Ecological Communities Priority One Poorly-known ecological communities Ecological communities that are known from very few occurrences with a very

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Category Definition restricted distribution (generally ≤5 occurrences or a total area of ≤ 100ha). Occurrences are believed to be under threat either due to limited extent, or being on lands under immediate threat (e.g. within agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, active mineral leases) or for which current threats exist. May include communities with occurrences on protected lands. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well-known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes across their range. Priority Two Poorly-known ecological communities Communities that are known from few occurrences with a restricted distribution (generally ≤10 occurrences or a total area of ≤200ha). At least some occurrences are not believed to be under immediate threat of destruction or degradation. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes.

Priority Three Poorly known ecological communities (i) Communities that are known from several to many occurrences, a significant number or area of which are not under threat of habitat destruction or degradation or: (ii) communities known from a few widespread occurrences, which are either large or with significant remaining areas of habitat in which other occurrences may occur, much of it not under imminent threat, or; (iii) communities made up of large, and/or widespread occurrences, that may or may not be represented in the reserve system, but are under threat of modification across much of their range from processes such as grazing by domestic and/or feral stock, and inappropriate fire regimes.

Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from several localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and/or are not well defined, and known threatening processes exist that could affect them. Priority Four Ecological communities that are adequately known, rare but not threatened or meet criteria for Near Threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list. These communities require regular monitoring.

(i) Rare. Ecological communities known from few occurrences that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These communities are usually represented on conservation lands. (ii) Near Threatened. Ecological communities that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. (iii) Ecological communities that have been removed from the list of threatened communities during the past five years.

Priority Five Conservation Dependent ecological communities Ecological communities that are not threatened but are subject to a specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the community becoming threatened within five years

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Table 2: Threatened Ecological Communities under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999 Category Definition Critically endangered: If, at that time, an ecological community is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future (indicative timeframe being the next 10 years). Endangered: If, at that time, an ecological community is not critically endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future (indicative timeframe being the next 20 years). Vulnerable: If, at that time, an ecological community is not critically endangered or endangered, but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium–term future (indicative timeframe being the next 50 years).

Table 3: Department of Parks and Wildlife Definitions and Categories for Threatened and Priority Flora Conservation Code Category X Declared Rare Flora -Presumed Extinc t species “Species which have been adequately searched for and there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died, and have been gazetted as such.” T Declared Rare Flora -Threatened Species “Species which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be, in the wild, either rare, at risk of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such.”

P1 Priority One – Poorly Known Species “Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less) which are potentially at risk. All occurrences are either: very small; or on lands not managed for conservation, e.g. agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, road and rail reserves, gravel reserves and active mineral leases; or otherwise under threat of habitat destruction or degradation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey.” P2 Priority Two – Poorly Known Species “Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less), some of which are on lands managed primarily for nature conservation, e.g. national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves and other lands with secure tenure being managed for conservation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey.” P3 Priority Three – Poorly Known Species Species that are known from several locations, and the species does not appear to be under imminent threat, or from few but widespread locations with either large population size or significant remaining areas of apparently suitable habitat, much of it not under imminent threat. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from several locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and known threatening processes exist that could affect them. Such species are in need of further survey. P4 Priority Four: Rare, Near Threatened and other species in need of monitoring (a) Rare. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or

in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These

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species are usually represented on conservation lands. (b) Near Threatened. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. (c) Species that have been removed from the list of threatened species during the past five years for reasons other than taxonomy. P5 Priority Five: Conservation Dependent species “Species that are not threatened but are subject to a specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the species becoming threatened within five years. “ Source Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014) Conservation Codes For Western Australian Flora and Fauna, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia. http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened- species/Listings/Conservation_code_definitions.pdf

Table 4: Declared Pests Categories under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 Category Definition C1 category Pests will be assigned to this category if they are not established in Western Australia (Exclusion) and control measures are to be taken, including border checks, in order to prevent them entering and establishing in the State. C2 category Pests will be assigned to this category if they are present in Western Australia in low (Eradication) enough numbers or in sufficiently limited areas that their eradication is still feasible. C3 category Pests will be assigned to this category if they are established in Western Australia but (Management) it is feasible, or desirable, to manage them in order to limit their damage. Control measures can prevent a C3 pest from increasing in population size or density or moving from an area in which it is established into an area which currently is free of that pest.

Table 5: Keighery \1994 Bushland Condition Scale Condition Rating Description Pristine 1 No obvious signs of disturbance Vegetation structure intact, disturbance only affecting individual species and Excellent 2 weeds are nonaggressivespecies Vegetation structure altered, obvious signs of disturbance e.g. repeated fires, Very Good 3 aggressive weeds, dieback, logging and grazing.

Good Vegetation structure altered, obvious signs of disturbance. Retains basic 4 vegetation structure or ability to regenerate it. The presence of very aggressive weeds at high density, partial clearing, dieback, logging and grazing. Basic vegetation structure severely impacted by disturbance. Requires intensive Degraded management. 5 The presence of very aggressive weeds at high density, partial clearing, dieback, logging and grazing.

Completely Vegetation structure is no longer intact and the area is completely or almost 6 Degraded completely without native flora. ‘Parkland Cleared’.

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Appendix Two – Vegetation Clearing Principles

Native vegetation should not be cleared if: (a) it comprises a high level of diversity of plant species; (b) it comprises the whole or part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of, a significant habitat for fauna indigenous to Western Australia; (c) it includes, or is necessary for the continued existence of, flora declared to be rare under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 ; (d) it comprises the whole or part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of, an ecological community declared under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) as threatened, endangered or vulnerable; (e) it is significant as a remnant of native vegetation in an area that has been extensively cleared; (f) it is growing in, or in association with, an environment associated with a watercourse or wetland; (g) the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause appreciable land degradation; (h) the clearing of the vegetation is likely to have an impact on the environmental values of any conservation park, national park, nature reserve, marine nature reserve, marine park or marine management area; (i) the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause deterioration in the quality of surface or underground water; or (j) the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause, or exacerbate, the incidence or intensity of flooding.

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Appendix Three – Flora Quadrat

Site: L298S1

Described by: Colin Spencer Dates: 17/09/2014, 22/09/2014, 23/10/2014 Location: Lot 938 Roberston Drive, College Grove, Bunbury Site Coordinates MGA Zone : 50 375130 mE 6306527 mN Habitat : Soil: Surface : white grey sand Subsurface : pale yellow Leaf Litter: 60% Depth : <1cm Bare Ground: 40% Drainage: Well drained Vegetation: Eucalyptus marginata Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata and Xylomelun occidentale Low Open Forest over Kunzea glabrescens Tall Open Shrubland over Melaleuca thymoides,Stirlingia latifolia and Macrozamia riedei shrubland over Hibbertia hypericoides, Xanthorrhoea brunonis, X gracilis Open Low Heath over Brachyscome bellidioides, Trachymene pilosa Herbland. Vegetation Condition: Excellent Fire Age : Greater than 10 years

Notes: No Plant Species Cover Abundance 1 Aira cupaniana 1 2 Anigozanthos manglesii 1 adjacent 3 Asteridia pulvuliurenta 1 4 Austrastipa flavescens 1 5 Austrostipa compressa 1 6 Banksia attenuata 4 (adjacent) 7 Billardiera sp? 1 8 Brachyscome bellidioides 2 9 Briza maxima 1 10 Centrolepis drummondiana 1 (adjacent)

13 Damperii linearis 2

City of Bunbury vii

No Plant Species Cover Abundance 14 Dasypogon bromelifolius 2 15 Drosera erythrorhiza 2 16 Drosera macrantha 1 17 Eucalyptus marginata 2 18 Gompholobium tomentosum 1 19 Hibberitia vaginata 1 20 Hibbertia hypericoides 4 21 Hydrocotyle callicarpa 1 22 Kennedia prostrata 1 23 Kunzea glabrescens 2 25 Lepidosperma squamatum 1 26 Levenhookia stipitata 1 27 Lomandra sp 1 28 Lyginia imberbis 1 28 Macrozamia riedlei 3 30 Melaleuca thymoides 3 31 Patersonia occidentalis 1 32 Persoonia saccata 1 33 Petrophile linearis 1 34 Phyllangium paradoxum 1 36 Playtysace compressa? 1 37 Pyrochis nigricans 1 38 Stirlingia latifolia 3 39 Stylidium brunonianum 2 40 Stylidium piliferum 1 41 Taraxacum officinale 1 42 Thysanotus manglesianus 1 43 Trachymene pilosa 2 45 Xanthorrhoea brunonis 4 46 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 2? 47 Xylomelum occidentale 1 (adjacent)

1 – rare or of low cover (one or two or <2%) 2 – present but in low numbers (a few, 2% - 10%) 3 – common locally, not uniform over whole area (10% - 30%) 4 – common over whole area (30% - 70%) 5 – completely dominating understorey (> 70%)

City of Bunbury viii

Site: L298S2

Described by: Colin Spencer Dates: 24/09/2014, 23/10/2014 Location: West of Somerville Drive Access, North of Winthrop Drive Site Coordinates MGA Zone : 50 375167 mE 6306644 mN Habitat : Soil: Surface : white, light grey sand Subsurface : creamy pale yellow Leaf Litter: >80% Depth: <2 cm Bare Ground: <10% Drainage: Well drained Vegetation: Eucalyptus marginata Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata and Xylomelum occidentale Low Open Forest over Kunzea glabrescens Tall Open Shrubland over Melaleuca thymoides and Macrozamia riedlei Open Heath over Hibbertia hypericoides, Xanthorrhoea brunonis and Stirlingia latifolia Open Low Heath over Mixed Very Open Herbland Vegetation Condition: Excellent Fire Age : Greater than 10 years?? Notes :

No Plant Species Cover Abundance

1 Austrastipa flavescens 1 2 Banksia attenuata 4 3 Bossiea eriocarpa 2 4 Brachyscome belledoides 2 5 Burchardia congesta 1 6 Briza maxima 2 7 Damperii linearis 1 8 Dasypogon bromelifolius 2 9 Drosera macrantha 1 10 Eucalyptus marginata 2 (adjacent) 11 Gompholobium tomentosum 1 12 Hardenbergia comptoniana 2

13 Hibbertia hypericoides 3

City of Bunbury ix

No Plant Species Cover Abundance

14 Hovea trisperma 1 15 Jacksonia horrida 1 16 Kunzea glabrescens 2 (adjacent) 17 Lepidosperma pubisquameum 1 18 Lomandra aff sonderi 1 19 Lomandra sp 1 20 Lyginia imberbis 1 21 Macrozamia riedlei 4 22 Melaleuca thymoides 4 23 Philotheca spicatus 1 24 Phlebocarya ciliata 1 25 Phyllangium paradoxum 1 26 Playtysace compressa? 2 27 Poranthera microphylla 1 28 Pterostylis sp 1 29 Pyrochis nigricans 2 30 Stirlingia latifolia 4 31 Stylidium brunonianum 2 32 Taraxacum officinale 1 33 Thelymitra benthamiana 1 34 Trachymene pilosa 2 35 Xanthorrhoea brunonis 4 36 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 2 37 Xylomelum occidentale 1 (adjacent)

City of Bunbury x

Site: L298S3

Described by: Colin Spencer, Russel Smith Dates: 25/09/2014, 22/10/2014 (Russel Smith) Location: Lot 298 Winthrop Avenue, College Grove, Bunbury Site Coordinates MGA Zone : 50 375077 mE 6306579 mN Habitat : Soil: Surface : white grey sand Subsurface : pale yellow Leaf Litter: 30% Depth: <2 cm Bare Ground: Drainage: Well drained Vegetation: Eucalyptus marginata Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata and Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland over Melaleuca thymoides, Stirlingia latifolia and macrozamia riedlei Open Heath over Hibbertia hypericoides and Xanthorrhoea brunonis Open Low Heath over Brachyscome bellidioides, Trachymene pilosa, Asteridia pulverulenta Very Open Herbland. Vegetation Condition: Excellent – impact on bushland appears limited to only one plant species – Melaleuca thymoides . Decline in Melaleuca thymoides is evident across the whole area. This is hypothesised to be due to uniform senescence following uniform germination of the plant during a previous fire event. Fire Age : Greater than 10 years??

No Plant Species Cover Abundance

1 Aira cupaniana 2 2 Asteridia pulverulenta 2/3 3 Austrastipa flavescens 1 5 Banksia attenuata 3 (adjacent) 6 Brachyscome belledoides 2 7 Briza maxima 2 8 Brixa minor 1 9 Burchardia congesta 1 10 Centrolepis drummondiana 1 11 Chamaescilla corymbosa 2 12 Dasypogon bromelifolius 2 13 Daucus glochidiatus 1

14 Drosera macrantha 1 15 Eucalyptus marginata 2

City of Bunbury xi

No Plant Species Cover Abundance

16 Hibberitia vaginata 2 17 Hibbertia hypericoides 4 18 Hydrocotyle callicarpa 1 19 Hovea trisperma 1 20 Hypochaeris glabra 1 21 Isolepis marginata 1 22 Hypochaeris glabra 2 23 Lepidosperma squamatum 1 24 Levenhookia stipitata 2 25 lobelia tenuior 2 26 Lomandra aff sonderi 1 27 Lyginia imberbis 1 28 Macrozamia riedlei 4 29 Melaleuca thymoides 4 30 Persoonia saccata 1 31 Petrophile linearis 1 32 Phyllangium paradoxum 1 33 Playtysace compressa 2 34 Podotheca angustifolia 1 35 Poranthera microphylla 1 36 Pyrochis nigricans 1 37 Quinetia urvillei 1 38 Rhodanthe citrina adjacent 39 Stirlingia latifolia 4 40 Stylidium brunonianum 2 41 Stylidium piliferum 1 42 Thysanotus manglesianus 1 43 Trachymene pilosa 2 44 Ursinia anthemoides 2 45 Xanthorrhoea brunonis 3 46 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 2 47 Xylomelum occidentale 1(adjacent)

Plants identified outside of Sites 1,2 & 3 Siloxerus humifusus Petrohargia velutina Austrostipa flavescens Rodanthe citrina Patersonia occidentalis Lyginia barbarta Stylidium piliferum Persoonia saccata Calytrix flavescens Gompholobium tomentosum Dampiera linearis Kennedia prostrata Scaevola calliptra Drosera stolonifera Conostephium pendulum Trifolium arvense Agonis flexuosa Hardenbergia comptoniana Acacia stenoptera Oenothera mollis Silene gallica Persoonia longifolia Nuytsia floribunda Banksia grandis Lepidosperma pubisquameum

City of Bunbury xii

Site: L298s4

Described by: Colin Spencer and Russel Smith Dates: 25/09/2014, 22/10/2014( Russel Smith), 9/12/2014 Location: Lot 790 Oriel Court, College Grove Site Coordinates MGA Zone : 50 375126 mE 6306415 mN Habitat : Soil: Surface : white grey sand Subsurface : pale yellow Leaf Litter: >70% Depth: ~4 cm Bare Ground: Nil Drainage: Well drained Vegetation: Eucalyptus marginata and Banksia attenuata Open Forest over Banksia attenuata and Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland over Melaleuca thymoides, Jacksonia horrida Shrubland over Hibbertia hypericoides, Xanthorrhoea brunonis and Stirlingia latifolia Open Low Heath and Dasypogon bromelifolius and Phlebocarya ciliata Open Herbland Vegetation Condition: Excellent Fire Age : Greater than 10 years?? Notes: A survey marker is located in proximity to the quadrat.

No. Plant Species Cover Abundance 1 Acacia pulchella 1 2 Anigozanthos manglesii 1 3 Asteridia pulverulenta 2 4 Austrastipa flavescens 1 5 Banksia attenuata 3 (adjacent) 6 Bossiea eriocarpa 2 7 Briza maxima 2 8 Burchardia congesta 1 9 Chamaescilla corymbosa 2 10 Conostephium pendulum 1 adjacent 11 Dasypogon bromelifolius 2/3 12 Desmocladus flexuosus 2

13 Drosera macrantha 1

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No. Plant Species Cover Abundance 14 Drosera stolonifera 1/2 15 Ehrharta calycina 1 16 Eucalyptus marginata 1 (adjacent) 17 Hibberitia vaginata 18 Hibbertia hypericoides 2/3 19 Hypochaeris glabra 1 20 Hypolaena exsulca 1 21 Jacksonia horrida 2 22 Lepidosperma squamatum 1 23 Lomandra preissii 1 24 Lyginia imberbis 1 25 Lysmachia arvensis 1 26 Macrozamia riedlei 1/2 27 Melaleuca thymoides 2/3 28 Microtis media 1 29 Patersonia occidentalis 1 30 Phlebocarya ciliata 3 31 Phyllanthus calycinus ? 32 Playtysace compressa 1 33 Pyrochis nigricans 2 34 Stirlingia latifolia 2 35 Stylidium brunonianum 2 36 Stylidium piliferum ? 37 Thelymitra benthamiana 1 38 Thelymitra macrophylla 1 39 Trachymene pilosa 2 40 Ursinia anthemoides ? 41 Xanthoshia hueglii 1 42 Xanthorrhoea brunonis 2 43 Xanthorrhoea gracilis 2 44 Xylomelum occidentale (1)adjacent

Additional Plants identified outside of Sites 4 Adenanthos meisneri Hemiandra linearis Philotheca spicatus Dampiera linearis Podotheca angustifolia Pelargonium capitatum Microtis media Trifolium dubium

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Appendix Four – List of vascular flora identified across the survey area

Genus Taxon Common Name Weed Apiaceae Daucus glochidiatus Australian Carrot Apiaceae Playtysace compressa Tape weed Apiaceae Xanthosia huegelii Araliaceae Hydrocotyle callicarpa Small Penny Wort Araliaceae Trachymene pilosa Arnarthriaceae Lyginia imberbis Asparagaceae Chamaescilla corymbosa Blue Squill Asparagaceae Lomandra aff sonderi Asparagaceae Lomandra preissii Asparagaceae Lomandra sp Asparagaceae Lomandra sp2. Asparagaceae Thysanotus manglesianus Asteraceae Asteridia pulverulenta Common Bristle Daisy Asteraceae Brachyscome bellidioides Asteraceae Hypochaeris glabra x Asteraceae Podotheca angustifolia Asteraceae Quinetia urvillei Asteraceae Rodanthe citrina Asteraceae Siloxerus humifusus Procumbent Siloxerus Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale x Asteraceae Ursinia anthemoides x Campanulaceae Lobelia tenuior caryophyllaceae Petrohargia velutina x caryophyllaceae Silene gallica Centrolepidaceae Centrolopis drummondiana Colchicaceae Buchardia congesta Milkmaids Cyperaceae Isolepis marginata Cyperaceae Lepidosperma pubisquameum Cyperaceae Lepidosperma squamatum Dasypogonaceae Dasypogon bromeliifolius Pineapple bush Dilleniaceae Hibbertia hypericoides Common Buttercup Dilleniaceae Hibbertia racemosa Dilleniaceae Hibbertia vaginata

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Genus Taxon Common Name Weed Droseraceae Drosera erythrorhiza Droseraceae Drosera macrantha Droseraceae Drosera pallida Droseraceae Drosera stolonifera Ericaceae Conostephium pendulum Pearl Flower Fabaceae Acacia pulchella Prickly Moses Fabaceae Acacia stenoptera Narrow Winged Wattle Fabaceae Bossiaea eriocarpa Common Brown Pea Fabaceae Gompholobium tomentosum Fabaceae Hardenbergia comptoniana Native Wisteria Fabaceae Hovea trisperma Common Hovea Fabaceae Jacksonia horrida Fabaceae Kennedia prostrata Running postman Fabaceae Trifolium arvense x Fabaceae Trifolium dubium x Geraniaceae Pelargonium capitatum Rose Pelargonium x Goodeniaceae Dampiera linearis Goodeniaceae Scaevola calliptera Haemodoraceae Anigozanthos manglesii Mangles Kangaroo Paw Haemodoraceae Phlebocarya ciliata Iridaceae Patersonia occidentalis Purple flag Lamiaceae Hemiandra linearis Loganiaceae Phyllangium paradoxum Loranthaceae Nuytsia floribunda Christmas Tree Myrtaceae Agonis flexuosa Peppermint Myrtaceae Calytrix flavescens Myrtaceae Corymbia calophylla Marri Myrtaceae Eucalyptus marginata jarrah Myrtaceae Kunzea glabrescens Myrtaceae Melaleuca thymoides Myrtaceae Philotheca spicatus Onagraceae Oenothera mollis x Orchidaceae Caladenia longicauda Orchidaceae Microtis media Orchidaceae Pterostylis sp? Orchidaceae Pyrochis nigricans Orchidaceae Thelymitra benthamiana Leopard orchid

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Genus Taxon Common Name Weed Orchidaceae Thelymitra macrophylla Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus calycinus False boronia Phyllanthaceae Poranthera microphylla Poaceae Aira cupaniana Silvery Hair Grass x Poaceae Austrostipa compressa Poaceae Austrostipa flavescens Poaceae Briza maxima x Poaceae Briza minor x Poaceae Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt Grass x Primulaceae Lysimachia arvense Pimpernel x Proteaceae Adenanthos meisneri Proteaceae Banksia attenuata Candlestick Banksia Proteaceae Banksia grandis Bull Banksia Proteaceae Persoonia longifolia Snotty Gobble Proteaceae Persoonia saccata Proteaceae Petrophile linearis Proteaceae Stirlingia latifolia Proteaceae Xylomelum occidentale Woody pear Restionaceae Desmocladus flexuosa Restionaceae Hypolaena exsulca Stylidiaceae Levenhookia stipitata Stylidiaceae Stylidium brunonianum Stylidiaceae Stylidium piliferum Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea brunonis Grass tee Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea gracilis Zamiaceae Macrozamia riedlei Zamia Palm

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Appendix Five – Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

Code Name Classification EPBC Community Description Likelihood Status SCP09 Dense shrublands on clay Vulnerable CE This vegetation community type is shrublands or low open woodlands on clay flats that are inundated for long periods Unlikely, recorded within one km of study flats because it usually occurs very low in the landscape. Sedges are more apparent in this ecological community and include area, however vegetation and soil type is Chorizandra enodis (black bristlerush), Cyathochaeta avenacea , Lepidosperma longitudinale (pithy sword-sedge) and unlikely to be similar. Meeboldina coangustata . Shrubs include Hakea varia (variable-leaved hakea) and Melaleuca viminea and occasionally Xanthorrhoea preissii, Xanthorrhoea drummondii (grass trees) and Kingia australis . This vegetation community type has a lower species richness and weed frequency than in the other clay pan community types, presumably because of the longer inundation times. (TSSC 2012k) SCP08 Herb rich shrublands in Vulnerable CE This vegetation community type occurs in low lying flats with a clay impeding layer allowing seasonal inundation. While Unlikely, located within 250 m of study area, clay pans aquatic annuals are common, the pools are probably not inundated to the same depth or for the same length of time as in however vegetation and soil type is unlikely ecological community type 7. to be similar. This vegetation community type is dominated by one or more of the shrubs: Viminaria juncea , Melaleuca viminea , M. lateritia (robin redbreast bush), broom bush , Kunzea micrantha or K. recurva with occasional emergents of Eucalyptus wandoo (wandoo). Species such as Hypocalymma angustifolium (white myrtle), Acacia lasiocarpa var. bracteolata long peduncle variant (G. J. Keighery 5026) and Verticordia huegelii (variegated featherflower) occur at moderate frequencies. This vegetation community type has a high percentage of weeds and appears to be the clay pan vegetation community type that has the greatest disturbance. (TSSC 2012k)

Twenty two occurrences of this community known statewide totalling approximately 140 hectares, CALM 2005.

SCP18 Shrublands on calcareous Vulnerable ? Two occurrences are known statewide totalling approximately 20 hectares, CALM 2005 Possible, Located within 250m of study area. silts of the Swan Coastal It is possible that vegetation and soil type Plain may be similar. SCP07 Herb rich saline Vulnerable CE This vegetation community type occurs on heavy clay soils that are generally inundated from winter to mid summer. In early Unlikely, located within one km of study shrublands in clay pans spring many of the sites in this vegetation community are covered by free water up to 30 cm deep. Aquatic species are area, however vegetation and soil type is common in this vegetation community early in the growing season. Cotula coronopifolia (water buttons) can form yellow unlikely to be similar. floating mats in some pools while others are dominated by Ornduffia submersa . As the wetland dries a succession of species such as Centrolepis spp. and annual Stylidium spp. (trigger plants) successively germinate, grow and flower, resulting in an extended flowering period of over three months. Structurally this vegetation community type is quite variable ranging from woodlands to herblands, the most common overstorey taxa being Melaleuca viminea, M. uncinata (broom bush) , M. cuticularis (saltwater paperbark) or Casuarina obesa (swamp sheoak). The species saltwater paperbark and swamp sheoak may indicate some saline influence for at least some part of the year. Typical species in the understorey include the common herbs Brachyscome bellidioides , Centrolepis polygyna (wiry centrolepis), Pogonolepis stricta and water buttons. In addition, species such as Angianthus aff. drummondii , Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. palustre ms, and Blennospora drummondii occur in low frequency (<50%) and are absent from the other four vegetation community types (SCP08, SCP09, SCP10a and 117),. ( TSSC 2012k) Relictual Relictual White Mangrove P1 Not Unlikely, located within five km of study White Community (Leschenault listed area, however vegetation and soil type is Mangrove Inlet) higly unlikely to be similar. Community SCP21b Southern Banksia P3(i) Not This community is restricted to sand sheets at the base of the Whicher Scarp, the sand sheets on elevated ridges or the sand Likely, located within one kilometre of the attenuata woodlands listed plain south of Bunbury. Structurally, this community type is normally Banksia attenuata or Eucalyptus marginata – B. study area with possible similar habitat attenuata woodlands. Common taxa include Acacia extensa, Jacksonia sp. Busselton, Laxmannia sessiliflora, Lysinema ciliatum and Johnsonia acaulis . (TSSC 2012k) SCP29a Coastal shrublands on P3(ii) Not Mostly heaths on shallow sands over limestone close to the coast. No single dominant but important species include Possible, Located within five km of the s tudy shallow sands listed Spyridium globulosum, Rhagodia baccata , and Olearia axillaris . (TSSC 2012k) area with possible similar habitat

SCP25 Southern Eucalyptus P3(iii) Not Woodlands of Eucalyptus gomphocephala - Agonis flexuosa south of Woodman Point . Recorded from the Karrakatta, Likely, located within 250 m of the study gomphocephala-Agonis listed Cottesloe and Vasse units. Dominants other than tuart were occasionally recorded, including Corymbia calophylla at Paganoni area with possible similar habitat flexuosa woodlands block and Eucalyptus decipiens at Kemerton. Tuart formed the overstorey nearby however. (TSSC 2012k)

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Code Name Classification EPBC Community Description Likelihood Status CE: Critically Endangered E: Endangered

References: Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC), 2012k [Listing Advice].EPBC Advice to the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee (the Committee) on an Amendment to the list of Threatened Ecological Communities under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

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Appendix Six – Threatened and Priority Flora Database Search Results DPaW State EPBC Likelihood of occurrence in the No Family Species Plant description General habitat Information (WAH, DPaW 2014) Associated vegetation Status Rank Status study area Possible, recorded within 5 km Rush-like, erect or sprawling Winter wet grey sand. This species has a geographical range of radius of the study area in similar 1 Fabaceae Acacia flagelliformis 2,3,4,5 P4 shrub, 0.3-0.75(-1.6) m high. Fl. less than 100 km and extends from Harvey to Busselton, Koch habitat. yellow, May to Sep. 1990).

Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km Slender, erect, pungent shrub, White/grey sand, sometimes over laterite, clay. Sandplains, of the study area and suitable 2 Fabaceae Acacia semitrullata 2,3,5 P4 (0.1-0.2-0.7(-1.5) m high. Fl. swampy areas. habitat not known to occur within cream-white, May to Oct. the study area. White/grey sand, sandy clay, gravelly loam. Winter-wet areas, Often on duplex soils supporting Slender erect or open straggly Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km near swamps. low open heath vegetation with shrub, 0.1-0.5(-1) m high. of the study area and suitable 3 Ericaceae Andersonia gracilis 1 T EN Currently known from the Badgingarra, Dandaragan and species such as Calothamnus Flowers white-pink-purple, Sep habitat not known to occur within Kenwick areas where it is found on seasonally damp, black hirsutus, Verticordia densiflora and to Nov. the study area. sandy clay flats near or on the margins of swamps. Kunzea recurva over sedges. Melaleuca viminea Open Scrub, over an Open Grassland of mixed Flat wetland site. Surface soil dark grey clay. Subsurface soil Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of grasses, and a Herbland of mixed Erect annual, herb, to 0.1 m light grey clay, with ironstone rock at a depth of 20cm. Poorly study area but suitable habitat is 4 Asteraceae Angianthus drummondii 2,4,5 P3 herbs, and Isolepis cernua, high. Fl. yellow, Oct to Dec. drained. Litter cover 20%, to a depth of 1cm. Bare ground not known to occur within the Centrolepis polygyna and 25%. study area. Centrolepis aristata Very Open Sedgeland. Rhizomatous or cormous, Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of aquatic perennial, herb, leaves Mud. Freshwater: ponds, rivers, claypans. Grows in freshwater study area but suitable habitat is 5 Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton hexatepalus 2,3,4 P4 floating. Flowers green-white, ephemeral pools that contain water for 3 to 4 months a year. not known to occur within the Jul to Oct. study area. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Grows in non-saline but seasonally wet grey-brown sandy At the edge of Gahnia trifida Perennial grass, 0.9-0.15 m study area but suitable habitat is 6 Poaceae Austrostipa bronwenae 4 T CR loam containing nodules of Muchea Limestone, at the edge of sedgeland with Eucalyptus high, flowers Oct to Nov not known to occur within the Gahnia trifida sedgeland with Eucalyptus decipiens decipiens study area. Winter wet flats. Grey sandy clay. Grows in non saline, white Melaleuca mixed tall shrubland (M. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Perennial grass, 0.8-0.12 m to grey sandy clay soil developed over Muchea Limestone viminea, M. lateriflora, M. incana, study area but suitable habitat is 7 Poaceae Austrostipa jacobsiana 2,3,5 T CR CR high, flowers Oct to Nov Formations. Bunbury specimens grow in winter-wet grey M. rhaphiophylla) over Gahnia not known to occur within the sandy clay soil in Melaleuca mixed tall shrubland. trifida sedgeland. study area. Swamp Honeypot has subpopulations in two disjunct areas: Dense, erect, non- Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km Beenup and Busselton, Western Australia. Banksia nivea subsp. lignotuberous shrub, 0.2-1.5 m of the study area and suitable 8 Proteaceae T EN ulignosa 1 high. Fl. yellow-brown, Aug to habitat not known to occur within Swamp Honeypot is confined to orange clay loam over laterite Sep. the study area. and sandy areas within winter-wet southern ironstones. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Erect annual herb, to 0.15 m study area but suitable habitat is 9 Asteraceae Blennospora doliiformis 5 P3 Winter wet flats high Fl. Yellow, Oct to Nov. not known to occur within the study area. Grey or brown sand, clay loam. Throughout its range the species tends to favour areas of Caladenia huegelii occurs in areas Possible, not recorded within 5km Tuberous, perennial, herb, dense undergrowth. Soil is usually deep grey-white sand of mixed Jarrah/Banksia woodland radius of the study area but 10 Orchidaceae Caladenia hueglii 1 T CR EN 0.25-0.6 m high. Flowers green usually associated with the Bassendean sand-dune system. from just north of Perth to the suitable habitat may occur within & cream & red, Sep to Oct. However, rare plants have been known to extend into the Busselton area, usually within 20 the study area. Spearwood system (in which calcareous yellow sands km of the coast. dominate) in some areas. Low woodland of Jarrah, Marri, Banksia attenuata and Xylomelum Sand. Sandy rises bordering ephemeral swampy drainage lines. bordered by B. littoralis. In Marri Tuberous, perennial, herb, Loam. Flat, swampy terrain. Black sand. Paperbark swamp at Possible, recorded within 5 km forest over Paperbark, regenerating 11 Orchidaceae Caladenia speciosa 2,3,4,5 P4 0.35-0.6 m high. Fl. white-pink, base of sand ridge. Black sand. radius of the study area in similar heath and herbs. Woodland of Sep to Oct. habitat. Jarrah, Marri, Banksia attenuata, B.

grandis and Xylomelum over dense herbs. Growing in Jarrah, Marri,

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DPaW State EPBC Likelihood of occurrence in the No Family Species Plant description General habitat Information (WAH, DPaW 2014) Associated vegetation Status Rank Status study area Banksia attenuata, Nutysia and Melaleuca woodland over dense herbs. Vegetation: Eucalyptus calophylla, Soil: Grey sand. Topography/drainage: Well drained gentle N E. marginata Low Woodland A over facing slope. Geomorphology: Bassendean sands over Daviesia physodes, Jacksonia guildford formation. ?sternbergiana Low Scrub B over Xanthorrhoea preissii, Hibbertia

In grey-black sand on gently undulating terrain. hypericoides Dwarf Scrub C over Phlebocarya ciliata Open Herbs. This species is confined to the Yarloop-Busselton coastal plain area, (Koch 1990) Growing in recently burnt Marri over herbs and grasses. Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km Tufted annual, herb (forming a White sand, clay. Salt flats, wet areas. Centrolepis caespitosa of the study area and suitable 12 Centrolepidaceae Centrolepis caespitosa 1 P4 EN rounded cushion up to 25 mm occurs in winter-wet clay pans dominated by low shrubs and habitat not known to occur within across). Flowers Oct to Dec. sedges the study area. Erect, or spreading, shrub to 0.7 m high, often using other shrubs for support. Young Grey or white sand, swampy, seasonally wet sites. Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km branches are slender, green- The Muchea Bell is known from three populations in swampy, of the study area and suitable 13 Myrtaceae Darwinia foetida 1 T EN CR brown with prominent, seasonally wet habitat in the Muchea area, approximately habitat not known to occur within decurrent leaf bases, becoming 70km north of Perth. the study area. grey and woody. Flowers green, Oct to Nov. Low-lying depressions, swamps. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.5- Tall Donkey Orchid is found in low-lying depressions in peaty study area but suitable habitat is 14 Orchidaceae Diuris drummondii 1,2,3,4,5 T VU VU 1.05 m high. Flowers yellow, and sandy clay swamps. It is not unusual to see the plants not known to occur within the Nov to Dec or Jan. standing in several centimetres of water, even during the study area. summer flowering period Brown loamy clay. Winter-wet swamps, in shallow water. Dwarf Bee-orchid is known from seven populations, from east Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.3- of Kwinana and south towards the Frankland area, Western of the study area and suitable 15 Orchidaceae Diuris micrantha 1 T VU VU 0.6 m high. Flowers yellow & Australia. It is found in small populations, on dark, grey to habitat not known to occur within brown, Sep to Oct. blackish, sandy clay-loam substrates in winter wet depressions the study area. or swamps. Usually in sedges and scattered shrubs. The bases of the flowering plants are often covered with shallow water Grey-black sand, moist. Winter-wet swamps. Found between Possible, not recorded within 5km Tuberous, perennial, herb, Perth and Yarloop. It grows on sand to sandy clay soils, in radius of the study area but 16 Orchidaceae Diuris purdiei 1 T EN EN 0.15-0.35 m high. Flowers areas subject to winter inundation, and amongst native sedges suitable habitat may occur within yellow, Sep to Oct. and dense heath and emergent trees the study area. Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km Tuberous, perennial, herb, White or grey sand. Low-lying situations adjoining winter-wet Preferred habitat of low-lying areas of the study area and suitable 17 Orchidaceae Drakaea elastica 1 T CR EN 0.12-0.3 m high. Flowers red & swamps. of deep sand supporting banksia habitat not known to occur within green & yellow, Oct to Nov. woodland or spearwood thicket. the study area. White-grey sand. The species is usually found in cleared fire breaks or open It occurs in infertile grey sands, in Possible, not recorded within 5km Tuberous, perennial, herb, sandy patches that have been disturbed, and where Banksia, Jarrah and Common radius of the study area but 18 Orchidaceae Drakaea micrantha T EN VU 0.15-0.3 m high. Flowers red & competition from other plants has been removed. It occurs in Sheoak woodland and thickets of suitable habitat may occur within yellow, Sep to Oct. infertile grey sands, in Banksia, Jarrah and Common Sheoak Spearwood. the study area. woodland and thickets of Spearwood. Possible, recorded within 5 km Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. Erect perennial herb 0.15 -0.5 Usually on sand near limestone or granite in heath or radius of the study area in similar 19 Apiaceae P3 Palustre 6 m high, Flowers white / blue woodland, sometimes in winter wet areas. habitat.

Possible, recorded within 5 km Eucalyptus rudis subsp. Tree, 5-20 m high, bark rough, radius of the study area in similar 20 Myrtaceae P4 River bank. Loam. Flats, hillsides. Cratyantha 2,5 box-type. Fl. white, Jul to Sep. habitat.

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DPaW State EPBC Likelihood of occurrence in the No Family Species Plant description General habitat Information (WAH, DPaW 2014) Associated vegetation Status Rank Status study area White sandy soils over laterite, orange/brown-red clay over ironstone. Flats to foothills, winter-wet sites. Lambertia echinata subsp. occidentalis is known from a single Prickly, much-branched, non- wild population at the base of the Whicher Range where it is Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km Lambertia echinata subsp. lignotuberous shrub, to 3 m confined to highly restricted ironstone habitat. The habitat is a of the study area and suitable 21 Proteaceae T CR EN Occidentalis 1 high. Flowers yellow, Feb or winter-wet area of shrubland over shallow sandy soils over habitat not known to occur within Apr or Dec. ironstone. The plant association in which the taxon occurs is the study area. the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) ‘Shrublands on southern Swan Coastal Plain Ironstones’, which is ranked Critically Endangered. Valley. Grey sand., Sand over limestone. Tuart over Jarrah. With Agonis Multi-stemmed shrub, 0.2-1 m Possible, recorded within 5 km Lasiopetalum This species occurs in Tuart Woodland near the coast from flexuosa, Xylomelum occidentale, 22 Malvaceae P3 high. Fl. pink-blue-purple, Sep radius of the study area in similar membranaceum 2,3,4,5 Yalgorup National Park south to Capel. Also recorded from Banksia attenuata, Conostylis to Dec. habitat. Dwelingup. aculeata.

Possible, recorded within 5 km Perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high. 23 Apiaceae Platysace ramosissima 2,3,4,5 P3 On sand slightly elevated above swamp. Marri woodland. radius of the study area in similar Fl. white-cream, Oct to Nov. habitat. Possible, recorded within 5 km Tuberous, herb, to 0.35 m high, Calcareous sand with limestone, laterite. Flatlands and gentle 24 Orchidaceae Pterostylis frenchii 4 P2 radius of the study area in similar with rosette leaves. slopes. habitat. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Caespitose annual or perennial, grass-like or herb, 0.41-0.55 m study area but suitable habitat is 25 Poaceae Puccinellia vassica 2,4 P1 Cae high. Saline soils. On the outer margins of coastal saltmarshes. not known to occur within the study area. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Slender shrub, 1-2 m high. Fl. Sandy or clayey soils. Winter-wet depressions. Has a study area but suitable habitat is 26 Fabaceae Pultenaea skinneri 2,4,5 P4 yellow/orange & red, Jul to geographical range of less than 100 km and extends from In Jarrah - Banksia community. not known to occur within the Sep. Binningup south to Boyanup and east to Collie (Koch 1990). study area. Melalueca preissiana Low Woodland A over Pericalymma Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Tufted perennial, grass-like or Soil: Grey sandy clay. Topography/drainage: Seasonally wet ellipticum, Hibbertia stellaris Dwarf study area but suitable habitat is 27 Cyperaceae Schoenus benthamii 2,3,4,5 P3 herb (sedge), 0.15-0.45 m high. poorly drained flat. Geomorphology: Bassendean sands over Scrub D over Patersonia not known to occur within the Fl. brown, Oct to Nov. guildford formation. occidentalis Very Open Herbs over study area. Lepidosperma longitudinale Tall Sedges. Woodland with Melaleuca Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Annual, grass-like or herb preissiana, M. rhaphiophylla, study area but suitable habitat is 28 Cyperaceae Schoenus loliaceus 2,5 P2 (sedge), 0.03-0.06 m high. Fl. Swamp. Moist grey sand/loam. Villarsia albiflora, Stylidium not known to occur within the Aug to Nov. calcaratum, Lobelia alata. study area. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Erect annual (ephemeral), herb, study area but suitable habitat is 29 Stylidiaceae Stylidium longitubum 2,3 P3 0.05-0.12 m high. Fl. pink, Oct Sandy clay, clay. Seasonal wetlands. not known to occur within the to Dec. study area. In open woodland of A. fraseriana, Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.1- Possible, recorded within 5 km Found at the base of Allocasuarina fraseriana or less marginata with an open 30 Orchidaceae Thelymitra variegata 2,4,5 P3 0.35 m high. Flowers orange & radius of the study area in similar commonly Banksia littoralis in thick leaf litter. understorey of Bossiaea eriocarpa, red & purple & pink, Jun to Sep. habitat. Hibbertia hypericoides and Dasypogon bromeliifolius. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Shrub, 0.4-1 m high. Fl. pink, study area but suitable habitat is 31 Myrtaceae Verticordia attenuata 2,4,5 P3 White or grey sand. Winter-wet depressions. Dec or Jan to May. not known to occur within the study area. References: 1.Department of the Environment 2015, 2.Department of Parks and Wildlife 2007 – 2015, 3 Department of Parks and Wildlife 2014a, 4 Department of Parks and Wildlife 2013 Andrew Webb, 5. West Australian Herbarium 2014., 6. Env Australia 20

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Appendix Seven – Comparison of Flora Surveys Survey This Survey Lot 70 Winthrop Ave Env Australia 2013 Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd Koch 1989, 1990 Level 1 Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, 2015 2007 Proposed Somerville Dr extension ,College Grove, Ecologic 2010 Survey Area Lot 70 Winthrop Ave Edith Cowan University Campus Edith Cowan University Campus South Portion of Edith Cowan University. Southern portion Somerville Dr Extension Soil Type Spearwood dune system Bassendean and Spearwood Dune System Bassendean and Spearwood Dune System Bassendean and Spearwood Dune System Bassendean Dune System Veg Complex Karrakatta Complex - Central and South Karrakatta Complex - Central and South Karrakatta Complex - Central and South \ Karrakatta Complex - Central and South \ Karrakatta Complex - Central and South Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex Vegetation 1. EgBa AfXoAHh 1. Eucalyptus gomphocephala woodland over Agonis 1. Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Woodland over 1. *Ba -J WEmBiAgKg - Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata over a Low Eucalyptus gomphocephla Open Forest over flexuosa, Banksia attenuata low open forest over Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla, Banksia attenuata 15-35% Eucalyptus marginata 2-10% Woodland of Banksia attenuata , Agonis flexuosa and Kunzea Associations Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa and Xylomelum occidentale scattered tall shrubs over Agonis flexuosa, Banksia attenuata Low Woodland A over Woodland or Low Open Forest over Banksia ilicifolia 2-5%, glabrescens over a Tall Open Shrubland of Melaleuca Xylomelum occidentalis Low Woodland over Hibbertia hypericoides, Macrozamia reidlei low Agonis flexuosa, Banksia attenuata, Xylomelum occidentale Xylomelom occidentale 0-5%Low Open Woodland over Tall thymoides and Jacksonia horrida over a Low Shrubland of Allocasuarina humilis Tall Open Shrubland shrubland over Dichopogon preissii, Trifolium campestre Open Low Woodland B over Melaleuca thymoides, Shrubs 1-1.5 m, 356-60% foliar cover e.g. Acacia pulchella, Hibbertia hypericoides , Adenanthos meisneri and Stirlingia over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Shrubland very open herbland. Xylomelum occidentale Open Low Scrub B over Macrozamia Allocasuarina humilis, Macrozamia riedlei, Melaleuca latifolia and Xanthorrhoea gracilis over an Open over *Briza maxima Grassland over mixed riedlei Open Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia hypericoides, thymoides, Stirlingia latifolia, Xanthorhoea preisii over Low Sedgeland/Grassland of Lyginia imberbis, Lepidosperma Open Herbland. 2. Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia Xanthorrhoea gracilis, Dasypogon bromeliifolius, Conostylis Shrubs and Herbs e.g. Acacia stenoptera, Adenanthos squamatum and Austrostipa campylachne. calophylla open forest over Banksia attenuata low aculeata Low Heath D over *Briza maxima Very Open Low meisneri, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Calytrix flavescens, 2. EgBa*LlDdSs*Bm woodland over Xylomelum occidentale scattered tall Grass over Daucus glochidiatus, *Ursinia anthemoides, Conostephium pendulum, Dasypogon bromellifolius, The mapped vegetation type within the study area Eucalyptus gomphocephla Open Woodland shrubs over Macrozamia riedlei scattered shrubs over *Hypochaeris glabra, Daviesia physodes, Hibbertia hypericoides, Lepidosperma (WEmBiAgKg) (Figure 2) has been inferred to represent over Banksia attenuata over *Leptosperma Hibbertia hypericoides, Melaleuca thymoides low Chamaescilla corymbosa Very Open Herbs angustatum, Patersonia occidentalis, Petrophile linearis, Floristic Community Type 21b (Gibson et al., 1994). Floristic laevigatum Tall Open Shrubland over Davesia shrubland over *Briza maxima scattered tussock grasses Phlebocarya ciliata Community Type 21b is listed as a Priority 3 Priority divaricata Shrubland over Synaphea over Dichopogon preissii very open herbland. 2. Eucalyptus gomphocephala, Corymbia calophylla Open Ecological Community (DEC, 2010). spinulosa Low Open Shrubland over *Briza Woodland over Agonis flexuosa, Corymbia calophylla, 2. *M-J maxima Grassland. 3. Corymbia calopyhlla open forest over Melaleuca Banksia attenuata, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata Eucalyptus calophylla 15-60 % E marginata 5-10% Banksia preissiana, Banksia littoralis, Banksia grandis low Low Forest A over Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, attenuata 0-5% Woodland or Open Forest over Tall shrubs The second association, described above, woodland over Xanthorrhoea brunonis low open Agonis flexuosa, Corymbia calophylla Low Woodland B over 2-3 m, 10% foliar cover e.g. Acacia saligna, Jacksonia may be considered to be a degraded shrubland over Baumea juncea sedgeland. Diplolaena dampieri, Acacia cyclops, Agonis flexuosa Open furcellata, J sternbergiana over Shrubs and Herbs .3 – 1 m, expression of EgBa AfXoAHh. Two species Scrub over Macrozamia riedlei Open Dwarf Scrub C over 10 – 60 % foliar cover eg Acacia stenoptera, Adenanthos which dominated in this association were 4. Melaleuca preissiana, Corymbia calophylla, Agonis Hibbertia hypericoides, Xanthorrhoea gracilis Dwarf Scrub D meisneri, Allocasuarina humilis, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Davesia divaricata and Synaphea spinulosa flexuosa, Banksia littoralis low open forest over over *Briza maxima, *Briza minor,*Ehrharta calycina Open Dasypogon bromellifolius, Daviesia physodes, Hibbertia both of these species have been observed in Xanthorrhoea brunonis low open shrubland over Lyginia Low Grass over Hardenbergia comptoniana Very Open hypericoides, Macrozamia riedlei, Mesomelaena tetragona, disturbed sites in local bushland areas. barbata very open herbland over Lepidopserma Climbers over *Romulea rosea, *Ursinia anthemoides, Patersonia occidentalis, Phyllanthus calycinus, Platysace pubisquameum, Baumea juncea very open sedgeland. *Hypochaeris glabra, Chamaescilla corymbosa Open Herbs compressa, Xanthorrhoea preissii

5. Banksia grandis low open woodland over Acacia 3.Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. 3. * M pulchella var. glaberrima, Stirlingia latifolia open marginata, Banksia attenuata, Xylomelum occidentale Low Eucalyptus calophylla 15-25 shrubland over Hypocalymma angustifolium, Melaleuca Woodland A over Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus % Banksia ilicifolia 2-5%, Nuytsia floribunda 2-5%, thymoides, Adenanthos meisneri, Daviesia physodes, marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata, Melaleuca preissiana 2-5% Woodland over shrubs 1-2m Leucopogon propinquus low shrubland over Schoenus Xylomelum occidentale Open Low Woodland B over high 45 -60% foliar cover e.g. Acacia pulchella, Acacia efoliatus very open sedgeland. Allocasuarina humilis, Nuytsia floribunda Low Scrub A/B saligna, Daviesia physodes, Kunzea ericifolia, Leucopogon over Melaleuca thymoides, Macrozamia riedlei, australis, Xanthorrhoea preissii over Low Shrubs and herbs Xanthorrhoea gracilis, Daviesia divaricata, Leucopogon 20 – 50 cm high 20-25% cover Acacia flageliformis, A racemulosus Open Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia willdenowiana, Calytrix flavescens, Dasypogon hypericoides Low Heath D over *Briza maxima Very Open bromelifolius, Lepidosperma angustatum, L longtitudinale, Low Grass over Daucus glochidiatus, Drosera stolonifera, Oxylobium capitatum, Petrophile linearis *Ursinia anthemoides, *Romulea rosea, *Hypochaeris glabra Very Open Herbs 4. * MP Melaleuca priessiana Woodland, Open Woodland or Low 4. Corymbia calophylla Open Woodland over Banksia Woodland with occasional Corymbia calophylla 0-10%, attenuata, Agonis flexuosa, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus Eucalyptus marginate 0-5%, Banksia littoralis 1-5% marginata ssp. marginata, Xylomelum occidentale Low Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 0-10% over Woodland A over Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa, Tall Shrubs 2-4 m; 10-40% foliar cover e.g. Acacia saligna, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata Agonis linearifolia, Aotus gracillima, Astartea fascicularis, Open Low Woodland B over Agonis flexuosa, Jacksonia Cortaderia selloana, Eutaxia virgata, Hakea varia, Jacksonia furcellata Open Low Scrub B over Xanthorrhoea gracilis, furcellata, Leucopogon australis, Melaleuca incana, M Macrozamia riedlei Open Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia teretifolia, Viminaria juncea over Low Shrubs and Herbs 0.2 hypericoides, Stirlingia latifolia, Bossiaea eriocarpa Low – 0.3 m 0-5% foliar cover e.g. Acacia stenoptera, Dampiera Heath D over Lepidosperma squamatum, Orthrosanthus linearis, Goodenia fililformis, Lobelia alata, Platytheca laxus Very Open Low Sedges over *Briza maxima Open Low galiodes, Villarsia latifolia. Grass over Daucus glochidiatus, *Ursinia anthemoides, *Romulea rosea Very Open Herbs 5. *Mr Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 5-30%, Melaleuca preissiana 0- 5. Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. 10% Open Woodland or Low Woodland over Tall Shrubs 2-3 marginata Open Woodland A over Corymbia calophylla, m 5-30% foliar cover e.g. Acacia pulchella, Acacia saligna, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata, Melaleuca incana, Viminaria juncea over Sedges and Shrubs Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland B over Eucalyptus 1-2m, 3-90% foliar cover e.g. Gahnia trifida, Juncus pallidus,

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Survey This Survey Lot 70 Winthrop Ave Env Australia 2013 Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd Koch 1989, 1990 Level 1 Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, 2015 2007 Proposed Somerville Dr extension ,College Grove, Ecologic 2010 Survey Area Lot 70 Winthrop Ave Edith Cowan University Campus Edith Cowan University Campus South Portion of Edith Cowan University. Southern portion Somerville Dr Extension marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata Open Scrub Lepidosperma longitudinale, Typha orientalis, Xanthorrhoea over Xylomelum occidentale Open Low Scrub A over preissii over Low Shrubs and Grasses: 0.2 – 0.5 m, 5-90% Melaleuca thymoides, Macrozamia riedlei Open Low Scrub foliage cover e.g. Opercularia hispidula and many B over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Heath D over Dasypogon introduced grasses. bromeliifolius Very Open Low Sedges over Drosera erythrorhiza, *Romulea rosea, *Hypochaeris glabra Very 6. *T Open Herbs Eucalyptus gomphocephala 2-15%, E calophylla 0-10% E marginata 1-5% Agonis flexuosa 2-15% Banksia attenuata 1- 6. Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata, 15% Woodland or Woodland 2-15% over Shrubs: 1-2 m Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland A over Eucalyptus high, 5-15% foliar cover e.g. Acacia cochlearis, A pulchella, marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata, Xylomelum Allocasuarina humilis, Daviesia divaricata, Jacksonia occidentale Open Low Woodland B over Melaleuca incana furcellata, J sternbergiana, Leucopogon propinquus, ssp. incana Open Scrub over Melaleuca thymoides, Macrozamia riedlei, Xanthorrhoea preissii over Low Shrubs Melaleuca incana ssp. incana, Jacksonia horrida Open Low and Herbs 0.3 – 0.5 m high, 5-30% foliar cover, e.g. Acacia Scrub A over Melaleuca thymoides Low Scrub B over willdenowiana, Anigozanthos manglesii, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Melaleuca thymoides Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia Dianella revoluta, Dichopogon capillipes, Hardenbergia hypericoides, Dasypogon bromeliifolius, Stirlingia latifolia comptoniana, Hibbertia hypericoides, Hovea trisperma, Low Heath D over Daucus glochidiatus, *Hypochaeris Kennedia prostrate, Lepidosperma angustatum, Petrophile glabra, *Ursinia anthemoides Very Open Herbs linearis, Phyllanthus calycinus.;

7. Corymbia calophylla, Melaleuca preissiana, Banksia * Note for brevity trees with a foliar cover of 2% or less littorea Low Woodland A over Corymbia calophylla, Banksia were not included in the descriptions. littorea, Melaleuca preissiana Open Low Woodland B over Melaleuca incana ssp. incana, Acacia pulchella, Daviesia physodes Open Low Scrub A/B over Xanthorrhoea preissii Open Dwarf Scrub C over Baumea juncea, Lomandra odora, Juncus pallidus Dense Low Sedges

8. Pericalymma ellipticum, Adenanthos meisneri Heath B over Daviesia physodes, Platytheca galioides, Hypocalymma angustifolium, Xanthorrhoea preissii Dwarf Scrub C over Hypolaena exsulca, Baumea juncea, Dasypogon bromeliifolius Open Low Sedges

9. Corymbia calophylla Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata, Banksia grandis Low Woodland A over Acacia pulchella, Daviesia physodes Open Low Scrub B over Platytheca galioides, Adenanthos meisneri, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Boronia dichotoma, Stirlingia latifolia Open Dwarf Scrub C over Baumea juncea, Xanthorrhoea gracilis Low Sedges No vascular 165 250 209 58 flora

DRF Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Priority Flora Not recorded Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. Palustre P3 Caladenia speciosa P4 Caladenia speciosa P4 Acacia flagelliformis, P4 Pultenaea skinneri P4 Pultenaea skinneri P4

TEC Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded PEC A Priority three ecological community , SCP25 ‘ Southern Not recorded Not recorded Floristic Community Type 21b is listed as a Eucalpytus gomphiocephala – Agonis flexuosa Priority 3 Priority Ecological Community (DEC, woodlands’ was considered to be represented in the survey area. 2010). Weeds 41 47 45 7 Survey time 15 and 16 October 2013 10,11 and 16 September 2007 Late October 1989 1 November 2010 Survey Area 48.77 ha 46 ha 1.81 ha Comments

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Survey Level 1 Spring Flora and Alan Tingay & Associates South Hart Simpson and Associates Pty Ltd 1994 Hay Park Athletics and Cycle Track Proposal Gibson et al 1994 Flora surveys Vegetation Assessment, RPS 2010 Bunbury and Brook Village Structure Flora Survey, GHD Pty Ltd 2003. Plan Review Survey Area Proposed Somerville Dr Survey area includes southern Boundary Northern Area of Hay Park Conservation Area Hay Park extension ,College Grove, Northern of the City of Bunbury between Ocean Dr Section and Bussel Hwy. The residential development of Shearwater and Washington Ave represent the northern boundary. Soil Type Spearwood dune system Quindalup and Spearwood Dune System Yoongarillup Soils Reworked alluvial deposits of the Pinjarra plain and Guildford formation? Veg Complex Karrakatta Complex - Central and Karrakatta Complex - Central and South \ Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex South \ Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex Possibly Vasse Complex Vegetation Southern River Complex Vegetation BIMpKg – 1. Tuart / Peppermint Woodland 1. Tuart woodland abd forest over Peppermint, Banksia and Area 1 Woodland to low woodland of scattered Melaleuca TEC SCP type 8 Vulnerable ( Hay01) – Clay pans – Scattered Banksia littoralis with Low Open 2. Marri / Peppermint Woodland Jarrah on the older dunes rhaphiophylla and Banksia littoralis over a low tree layer of Associations Woodland of Melaleuca preissiana over Low 3. Tuart / Marri / Peppermint Woodland Acacia saligna and *Melaleuca radula Shrubs and trees can be wet in winter Open Shrubland of Kunzea glabrescens over 4. Banksia / Peppermint Woodland Eucalyptus gomphocephala woodland and occasional forest include Lepidosperma sp, Melaleuca preissiana and Hakea Open Heath of Pericalymma ellipticum var 5. Banksia with Jarrah, Marri and 6. upt 25 m high over mixed open woodland of Banksia varia. ellipticum, Astarte asp. And Hypocalymma 6. Tuart Low Woodland attenuata, B grandis, Agonis flexuosa and Eucalyptus TEC SCP type 18 Vulnerable(Hay05) Calcareous – angustifolium over Open Sedgeland of Baumea 7. Eucalyptus rudis / Melaleuca rhaphiophylla Low marginata to 12 m high over a low heath. Shrubs comprise: Area 2. Melaleuca rhaphiophylla over sedges Lepidosperma wet in winter juncea and Lepidosperma longitudinale Woodland Daviesia divaricata, Acacia cochlearis, Phyllanthus callycinus, sp. Shrub and herb layer includes Hypocalyma 8. Melaleuca rhaphiophylla High Shrubland to Low Grevillea vestita, Xanthorrhoea preissii, Macrozamia riedlei, angustifolium, Scaevola pilosa, Patersonia sp.swamp form, MPAfCc Forest. Eremophila glabra and Lasiopetalum membranaceum. On Conostylis aculeate and Dampiera linearis. Open to Low Woodland of Melaleuca higher ground: Hibbertia hypericoides Persoonia saccata and preissiana. Scattered Agonis flexuosa and Synaphea spinulosa . Herbaceous plant include: Acanthocarpus Area 3. Scattered Melaleuca preissiana and M Corymbia calophylla over Tall Open Shrubland preissii,Corynotheca micrantha, Clematis microphylla, rhaphiophylla woodland over sedges Lepidosperma species of Kunzea glabrescens over Shrubland of Schoenus grandiflorus, Helichrysum cordatum, Conostylis and shrubs and herbs dominated by Xanthorrhoea gracilis, Xanthorrhoea brunonis over Sedgeland of aculeate, Geranium solanderi and grasses: Danthonia Hypocalyma angustifolium, Daviesia inflate, Drosera Baumea juncea. caespitose, Poa drummondiana, Stipa flavescens and species. Dichelachne crinita. EmAfBi Area 4. Melaleuca rhaphiophylla and M preissiana over an Scattered Eucalyptus marginate, Agonis 2. Tuart Open Woodland on Dunes understorey of sedges, grasses and Xanthorrhoea gracilis. flexuosa and Banksia ilicifolia with Low Denser woodland includes Banksia littoralis and kunzea. Woodland of Banksia attenuate over Open Tuart Open Woodland up to 20 m over Agonis flexuosa open Heath of Kunzea glabrescens over Shrubland to low woodland upto 7 m over coastal heath. Shrubs include: Area 5 Woodland of Melaleuca rhaphiophylla, Eucalyptus Low Shrubland of Hibbertia hypericoides and Acacia cochlearis, Jacksonis furcellata, Phyllanthus calycinus, rudis and Banksia littoralis with occasional Kunzea and Melaleuca thymoides. Templetonia retusa, Hibbertia cuneiformis, Thomasia cognata, Acacia saligna. Acacia lasiocarpa, Spyridium globulosum, Rhagodia baccata, BIMpKg and MPAfCc are inferred to be Dodonaea aptera and Santalum accuminatum. Ocassional Floristic community type 4. EmAfBi was trees of Nuytsia floribunda occur. Herbaceous species include inferred to be floristic community type 21b. Acanthocarpus preissii, and grasses: Poa poiformis,Danthonia caespitose , Stipa flavescens and Agropyron scabrum.

Tuart open woodland over a thicket to 3 m of Acacia saligna and Diplolaena dampieri , Few peppermint present Shrubs include : Acacia cochlearis, Logania vaginalis, Opercularia hispidula, Myoporum caparioides, Scaevola nitida, Chorizema diversifolium and Comesperma confertum. Sedges include: Gahnia trifida and Lepidosperma sp.

3. Coastal Heath on stable dunes

Mixed Low Heath and Heath. Common shrubs include Acacia cochlearis, Jacksonia furcellata, Exocarpus sparteus, Phyllanthus calycinus , and Santalum acuminatum . Herbaceous plants include: Acanthocarpus preissii, Conostylis aculeata and grasses Stipa flavescens and Danthonia caespitosa. Peppermints grow as scattered individuals to 3 m high.

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4. Coastal heath on primary dunes

Species on youngest dunes include: Spinifex longifolius, *Tetragona decumbens, *Arctotheca populifolia, *Cakile maritima and * Ammophila arenaria.

Low coastal heath dominated by Diplolaena dampieri . Other common shrubs include: Olearia axillaris, Acacia cochlearis, Hemiandra pungens, Scaevola crassifolia, Lepidosperma gladiatum and Acanthocarpus preissii. . No vascular 50 Not recorded 124 75 flora PF Lasiopetalum membranacuem P2 DRF Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded TEC Not Not recorded Not recorded PEC Floristic Community Type 21b is listed Not recorded Not recorded as a Priority 3 Priority Ecological Community (DEC, 2010). Weeds 6 30 14 Survey time October 2008 Late November 1992, June 1993 7 October 2003 Survey Area ? Comments Note vegetation associations are taken from Alan Tingay and Associates (1994). Vegetation Survey of the South Bunbury Tuart Woodland. Prepared for Homeswest. Report 93/73

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