Lot 70 Winthrop Avenue

Level 2 Flora Survey

College Grove

City of Bunbury i Disclaimer

This document has been published by the City of Bunbury. Any representation, statement, opinion or advice expressed or implied in this document is made in good faith and on the basis that the City of Bunbury, its employees and agents are not liable for any damage or loss whatsoever which may occur as a result of action taken or not taken, as the case may be, in respect of any representation, statement, opinion or advice referred to herein. Information pertaining to this document may be subject to change, and should be checked against any modifications or amendments subsequent to the document’s publication.

Document Status

Title: Level Two Flora Survey, Lot 70 Winthrop Avenue, College Grove, Bunbury Version Rev 0 Date: 28/04/2015

Ammendments List

Version Date Ammendments Prepared by Reviewed by Rev 0 28/04/2015 Final report C. Spencer R. Smith, B. Deeley

City of Bunbury i Contents

Summary ...... 1 1. Background ...... 3 2. Objectives...... 3 3. Survey Area Location and General Description ...... 3 4. Regulatory Context ...... 5 4.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) ...... 5 4.2 Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act) ...... 5 4.3 Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act) ...... 6 4.4 Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act) ...... 6 5.0 Biophysical Context ...... 7 5.1 Climate ...... 7 5.2 Landform and Soils ...... 7 5.3 Regional and local linkages ...... 8 5.4 Vegetation ...... 8 5.5 Vegetation Complexes ...... 8 5.6 Priority and Threatened Ecological Communities ...... 9 5.7 Priority and Declared Flora ...... 10 5.8 Other significant vegetation and flora...... 11 5.9 Key habitat and flora requirements for threatened fauna ...... 13 5.9.1 Western Ringtail Possum habitat and flora requirements ...... 13 5.9.2 Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos habitat and flora requirements ...... 13 5.10 Range Extension Flora ...... 14 5.11 A restricted subspecies, variety or naturally occurring hybrid ...... 14 5.12 Declared Pest and Weeds of National Significance...... 16 5.13 Locally Significant Weeds ...... 16 5.14 Previous Flora and Vegetation Surveys...... 17 6. Survey Method ...... 19 6.1 Desktop review ...... 19 6.2 Field survey ...... 19 6.3 Comparative analysis of vegetation types ...... 20 7. Survey Limitations and Constraints ...... 21 8. Results and Discussion ...... 22 8.1 General Flora ...... 22 8.2 Declared and Priority Flora ...... 23 8.3 Possible Range Extent Flora ...... 23 8.4 Weeds ...... 24 8.5 Vegetation Complex ...... 24 8.6 Vegetation Units: ...... 25 8.7 Floristic Community Types ...... 26 8.8 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities ...... 31

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8.9 Vegetation Condition ...... 31 8.10 Key vegetation and flora requirements for threatened species ...... 33 8.10.1 Western Ringtail Possums ...... 33 8.10.2 Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos ...... 33 9. Conclusion and Recommendations ...... 34 10. References ...... 37 Appendix One – Definitions and Categories ...... i Appendix Two – Vegetation Clearing Principles ...... vii Appendix Three – Flora Quadrat and Releve Data ...... viii Appendix Four – List of vascular flora identified across the survey area ...... xii Appendix Five – Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities ...... xv Appendix Six – Threatened and Priority Flora Database Search Results ...... xvii Appendix Seven – Comparison of Flora Surveys ...... xx

City of Bunbury Summary

The City of Bunbury proposes to sell Lot 70 Winthrop Avenue, College Grove to facilitate its development for urban purposes. Lot 70 is approximately 2.17 ha in size, a portion of which is covered with native vegetation that may need to be cleared to facilitate development. The City has prepared this Level 2 flora and vegetation survey to support any future federal and / or state environmental impact assessment processes necessitated by proposed vegetation clearing onsite.

The fieldwork component of the survey was conducted during September and October 2014. The results of the survey are summarised as follows:  80 species of flora were recorded from the survey area from 30 families of which 19 were recognised as weeds.  No Declared Rare Flora Species listed under Section 23 F of the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 or Priority flora species as listed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) were located within the survey area.  No flora protected under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) were recorded within the survey area.  Key flora species that may provide habitat for the threatened Western Ringtail Possum (WRP) and threatened species of black cockatoo protected under the EPBC Act were identified within the survey area. Key flora for Western Ringtail Possums include Peppermint Agonis flexuosa and key flora for the black cockatoos include Marri, Tuart, Jarrah, species and introduced Lemon Scented Gums.  spinulosa was recorded as being potentially at its range end or near its range end extent within the survey area.  No declared pest plants under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 or recognised Weeds of National Significance were recorded.  Five locally significant weed species were recorded from the survey area: *Leptospermum laevigatum, *Acacia iteaphylla, *Acacia longifolia, *Ehrharta calycina and *Freesia sp. Leptosperma laevigatum has a high priority for control with the other plants having a medium priority. These species should be controlled as resources allow.  The survey area is identified as occurring within the Karrakatta Complex - Central and South Vegetation Complex, which is mapped to be at 23.92% of its pre-European extent on the .  A single vegetation unit was identified within the survey area. This is described as: Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Forest over , Agonis flexuosa and occidentale Low Woodland over Allocasuarina humilis Tall Open Shrubland over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Shrubland over *Briza maxima Grassland over mixed Open Herbland.

The mapped vegetation unit is inferred to represent the Floristic Community Type 25 (FCT 25) Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephala, Agonis flexuosa woodlands (Gibson et al., 1994), which is listed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife as a Priority 3(iii) ecological community.  No Threatened Ecological Communities, either recognised by the Department of Parks and Wildlife or protected under the EPBC Act, were identified as occurring at the site during the field survey and comparative analysis.

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 Vegetation condition within the survey area ranged from completely degraded to good condition.  The survey area is contiguous with bushland that forms part of the Maidens to Preston River Regional Ecological Linkage (EPA, 2003).

Recommendations:  In order to avoid impacts on federally protected threatened fauna habitat and impacts on the depleted Karrakatta Complex – Central and South Vegetation Complex and the Priority 3(iii) listed floristic community type present at the survey area, it is recommended that vegetation clearing is avoided or minimised where possible.  Where vegetation clearing is required the following should be considered: . The clearing of native vegetation in requires a Clearing Permit under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 unless the clearing is for an exempt purpose. Prior to any clearing of native vegetation at site, it is recommended that Department of Environment Regulation is contacted for advice on the need or otherwise for a clearing permit. . Approvals to clear vegetation providing habitat for the Western Ringtail Possum and threatened black cockatoo species may be required under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Prior to the clearing of native vegetation onsite, it is recommended the federal Department of the Environment is contacted for advice regarding any obligations under this Act. . The native vegetation onsite may play a role in stablising the steep slopes located at the east of the site. If this is cleared, alternative stabilising features may be required to prevent possible future soil erosion.  Locally significant weeds present at the survey area should be removed in order to prevent further impacts within the survey area and adjacent bushland.  Measures should be undertaken during any clearing or construction activities in order to avoid the introduction of declared pest plants, Weeds of National Significance or locally significant weeds as these may invade and degrade bushland in proximity to the site.  recorded at site as a potential Range Extension Flora should be identified to a subspecies level as the opportunity arises. Should this confirm that the occurrence represents a range extension for this species, it is recommended that the population be mapped and reported to the Department of Parks and Wildlife.

City of Bunbury 2 1. Background

The City of Bunbury proposes to sell Lot 70 Winthrop Avenue, College Grove to facilitate its development for urban purposes. Lot 70 is approximately 2.17 ha in size, a portion of which is covered with native vegetation that may need to be cleared to facilitate development. The City has prepared this Level 2 flora and vegetation survey to support any future federal and / or state environmental impact assessment processes necessitated by proposed vegetation clearing onsite.

2. Objectives

The objectives of this survey have been determined in consideration of requirements for a level two flora survey, which are presented in the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) Guidance Statement No. 51 Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessments in Western Australia (EPA, 2004) and EPA Position Statement No 2 – Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia (EPA, 2000).

The objectives of this survey are to:  Undertake a review and appraisal of existing knowledge including literature search, metadata search, Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) database searches to identify Threatened Ecological Communities, Declared Rare, Priority and significant flora that are known to occur in the vicinity.  Provide a biophysical and regulatory context for flora and vegetation present within the site.  Prepare a species list of all flora present at site including non-native species.  Record the presence of any threatened or priority flora species within the survey area.  Describe and map vegetation units present within the survey area.  Determine the floristic community type of mapped vegetation units and compare with Threatened Ecological Community data.  Determine and map the condition of vegetation within the survey area.  Provide comment on the conservation significance of flora and vegetation within the survey area.

3. Survey Area Location and General Description

The survey area is located approximately six kilometres south east of the Bunbury CBD. It is bounded by Winthrop Avenue to the east, Trinity Rise to the west, Somerville Drive to the south and residential development immediately to the north (N.B. see Figure 1).

The land is approximately 2.17 hectares in size and is zoned ‘Residential’ under the City of Bunbury Town Planning Scheme No. 7 and ‘Urban’ under the Greater Bunbury Region Scheme.

Approximately 0.96 hectares of the site comprises of remnant native vegetation, which occupies steeply sloping land on the east side of the lot. The remainder of the site is flat and cleared of vegetation. Much of the the flat area is understood to have been cleared for a rifle range which operated from circa 1980 – 1995 (Taylor & Burrell, 1985).

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Figure 1: Location Lot 70 Winthrop Avenue, Bunbury

City of Bunbury 4 4. Regulatory Context

Legislation relevant to the native vegetation within the survey area and related values is briefly discussed below.

4.1 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)

The EPBC Act is the Australian Government’s central piece of environmental legislation. It provides a legal framework to protect and manage nationally and internationally important flora, fauna, ecological communities and heritage places — defined in the EPBC Act as “Matters of National Environmental Significance”.

Actions that are likely to have a significant impact on the nine currently listed Matters of National Environmental Significance require approval under the EPBC Act.

Matters of National Environmental Significance 1. world heritage properties 2. national heritage places 3. wetlands of international importance (listed under the Ramsar Convention) 4. listed threatened species and threatened ecological communities (TEC) 5. migratory species protected under international agreements 6. Commonwealth marine areas 7. the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park 8. nuclear actions (including uranium mines) 9. a water resource, in relation to coal seam gas development and large coal mining development.

Matters of National Environmental Significance of potential relevance to this survey include EPBC Act listed threatened flora and fauna, threatened ecological communities and vegetation that provides habitat for these. Sections 5.6 and 5.7 of the report provide a list of EPBC Act listed flora and threatened ecological communities known to occur within a five kilometre radius of the site. Section 5.9 discusses the habitat requirements for listed threatened fauna known to occur within the local area.

4.2 Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act)

The EP Act regulates many of the processes relevant to environmental impact assessment including the clearing of native vegetation within Western Australia.

Under section 51C of the EP Act, the clearing of native vegetation is an offence unless a clearing permit is held or a valid exemption applies. Exemptions are of two classes. Schedule 6 exemptions allow clearing that is a requirement of a written law, or that is approved under another process where clearing impacts have been considered. Exemptions under the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004 cover day to day activities that have a low impact. Exemptions in the regulations do not apply in areas declared under the EP Act to be environmental sensitive areas (ESA). ESAs are declared to protect important environmental values such as TEC’s, declared rare flora and wetlands of high conservation significance.

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In assessing clearing permit applications, the Department of Environment Regulation must have regard to the clearing principles contained in Schedule 5 of the EP Act (N.B. see Appendix 2).

It is noted that the survey area does not occur within the boundary of an ESA as currently mapped by the Department of Environment Regulation. As such, the exemptions under regulations could possibly provide an exemption to a clearing permit requirement for development onsite, if applicable.

4.3 Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (WC Act)

The WC Act is the primary state legislation directly protecting native flora and fauna in Western Australia. The WC Act contains general controls for the protection of all native species, with specific measures designed to protect rare and threatened species. It does not provide for the protection of TECs or recognise threatening processes.

Under section 14 of the WC Act the Minister for the Environment may declare protected fauna which is likely to become extinct, or is rare, or is otherwise in need of special protection to be wholly protected throughout the whole of the State at all times. Exemptions to obtain ministerial consent for the taking of fauna incidental to vegetation clearing referred to in section 51C(a), (b) or (c) of the EP Act do not apply to specially protected fauna.

Similarly under section 23 F of the WC Act the Minister may declare flora that is likely to become extinct or rare, or is in need of special protection to be rare flora throughout the State. It is an offence to take declared rare - or threatened flora - without consent from the Minister for the Environment.

Species that maybe threatened or near threatened, but for which insufficient information is available to list as Rare Flora, are added to the Priority Flora Lists. Categories of priority flora are ranked in order for priority for survey and further evaluation of conservation status. Both threatened flora and threatened fauna are ranked according to their level of threat using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red list categories and criteria. Section 5.7 provides a list of all priority listed and threatened flora known to occur within an approximately five kilometre radius of the subject site and Appendix 1 provides a definition of the Threatened and Priority Flora categories.

4.4 Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act)

The primary purposes of the BAM Act and its regulations are to:  Prevent new animal and pests (vermin and weeds) and diseases from entering Western Australia.  Manage the impact and spread of those pests already present in the state.  Safely manage the use of agricultural and veterinary chemicals.  Increased control over the sale of agricultural products that contain volatile chemical residues.

Relevant to the study are the possible presence of plants occurring on site that have been listed as declared pests under section 22 of the Act. If declared pests are found on site, measures may have to be put in place to ensure they are managed appropriately prior, during and post any proposed development. Section 5.12 provides a list of all declared pests known to occur within proximity of the survey area and Appendix 1 provided a definition of the Declared Pest Categories.

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5.0 Biophysical Context

5.1 Climate

The survey area has a Mediterranean climate which is essentially characterised by two seasons: a wet, mild winter and a dry, hot summer. Figure 2 provides the average temperature and rainfall data for the Bunbury Post Office, which is located approximately 6 km north-west of the survey site.

Climate Graph of Bunbury 30 200 180 25 160 140 20

120

c) 0 ( 15 100 80 10

60 Precipitation(mm)

Temperature 40 5 20 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Mean rainfall (mm) for years 1877 to 11.1 11.8 21.9 46.4 128.1 182.9 170.6 123.6 80.4 54.1 26.2 13.7 1985 Mean maximum temperature (Degrees 27.6 27.8 25.9 22.8 19.8 17.7 16.8 17.1 18.1 19.9 22.9 25.6 C) for years 1880 to 1985 Mean minimum temperature (Degrees 15.2 15.4 14.3 12.2 10.4 9.2 8.4 8.4 9.2 10.3 12.2 13.9 C) for years 1880 to 1985

Figure 2: Climate data for the Bunbury Post Office sourced from the Bureau of Meteorology (2015)

5.2 Landform and Soils

The survey area occurs on the Swan Coastal Plain (SCP), which is bounded by the Darling Scarp to the east, Indian Ocean to the west, Moore River to the north and Dunsborough to the south. The Swan Coastal Plain is built up of two belts of sediments that differ in origin: aeolian sediments in the west and alluvial sediments in the east. The aeolian sediments comprise of three major dune systems: The Bassendean System is the most easterly and oldest system, the Quindalup System is the most westerly and youngest system with the Spearwood system located in between. These wind deposited dunes press up against the Pinjarra plain, which is built up of alluvium deposited by streams from the Darling Plateau.

The survey area occurs on the eastern section of the Spearwood system, which is characterised by deep leached yellow sand over layers of compacted limestone (Barnesby and Proulx-Nixon, 2000). These deep, yellow sands are known as the Karrakata Soil Association. The limestone is known as

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Tamala Limestone and is a product of precipitated calcium carbonate leached from the sand above. Geological studies in the vicinity of the survey area indicate that the sand is between 12 – 32 metres in thickness over bands of limestone between 1 to 5.5 metres in thickness which overlay basalt (GHD 2010).

The western part of the Spearwood system is characterised by shallower and comparatively younger, yellow-brown soils over coastal limestone. These soils are referred to as the Cottesloe Soil Association.

In its natural state, the Karrakata soil association supports a tall open forest of Tuart, Jarrah and Marri. The Cottesloe soil association supports similar vegetation but Tuart is more common than Jarrah and Tuart is only found in pure stands in the Cottesloe association (Seddon, 1972).

5.3 Regional and local linkages

The site is located immediately to the north of bushland that is contiguous with the proposed Preston River to Ocean Regional Park, which comprises of 893 hectares of bushland. This proposed regional park forms part of the Maidens / Preston River Regional Ecological Linkage (EPA, 2003).

5.4 Vegetation

The survey area occurs within the Drummond Botanical Sub-district, which forms part of the larger Darling Botanical District and the greater South West Botanical Province of Western Australia.

The South West Botanical Province stretches from Shark Bay on the west coast to Israelite Bay on the south coast and is distinguished from the two other botanical provinces of Western Australia, the Eremaean and Northern provinces, by winter rain and summer drought. The province is also characterised by its high diversity and endemism of flora (Seddon, 1972; Beard, 2000). The Darling Botanical District covers the high rainfall part of south-western Australia and comprises the Swan Coastal Plain (Drummond Botanical Sub-district), the southern (Menzies Sub-district and the Karri forest (Warren Sub-district).

5.5 Vegetation Complexes

Heddle et al. (1980) mapped vegetation complexes over the SCP. This assessment was based on the broad patterning of vegetation at a regional scale reflected by regional landform units, soil and climate.

According to this vegetation complex mapping, the study area occurs within, but at the eastern boundary of, the Yoongarillup Complex where it meets the Karrakatta Complex - Central and South.

The Yoongarillup complex is broadly described as occurring over marine deposits with vegetation described as woodland to tall woodland of Eucalyptus gomphocephala with Agonis flexuosa in the second storey. Less consistently an open forest of E gomphocephala, E marginata and Corymbia calophylla.

The Karrakata – Central and South complex is broadly described as occurring over aeolian deposits with vegetation described as predominantly open Forest of Eucalyptus gomphocephala, E marginata

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and Corymbia calophylla and woodland of E marginata and Banksia species.

The spatial area of vegetation complexes on the SCP, as defined and mapped by Heddle et al. (1980), have been used to quantitatively interpret ecological communities across the SCP and have been used as the basis for interpreting the remaining extent of native vegetation across the SCP south of Moore River. Data relevant to this survey area is presented in Tables 1 and 2.

The EPA recognises that species loss appears to accelerate exponentially at ecosystem levels below a level of 30% of the pre-clearing extent of the vegetation type. A level of 10% of the original extent is regarded as being a level representing “endangered” (EPA, 2000).

Table 1: 2010 Survey Area Native Vegetation extent on SCP south of Moore River ( Biodiversity Project, 2011) Pre- European 2010 extent (ha) % of Pre- European Vegetation Complex 1 Extent (ha) Extent remaining Yoongarillup Complex 26982.54 10565.33 39.16% Karrakatta Complex- Central and South 49786.04 11910.31 23.92%

Table 2: 2009 Vegetation complex retention within City of Bunbury (Molloy et al., 2007) Vegetation Complex Pre- European 2009 extent (ha) % of Pre-European % protected within 1 Extent (ha) Extent remaining PRORP (Ironbark Environmental, 2011) Yoongarillup 1436 162 11% 5 Complex Karrakatta Complex- 757 299 39% 26 Central and South

5.6 Priority and Threatened Ecological Communities

Four threatened and four priority ecological community (PEC) types as defined by DPaW were identified as occurring within a five kilometre radius of the survey area (DPAW, 2014b). Three of the state ranked TECs are protected under the Commonwealth EPBC Act and are listed as Critically Endangered (“CE”)(DSEWPAC, 2012).

Table 3: Threatened and Priority Listed Ecological Communities within the five km of the survey area (DPaW, 2014b) Code Name DPaW Status EPBC Act Status SCP09 (TEC) Dense shrublands on clay flats Vulnerable CE SCP08 (TEC) Herb rich shrublands in clay pans Vulnerable CE SCP18 (TEC) Shrublands on calcareous silts of the Swan Coastal Plain Vulnerable Not listed SCP07 (TEC) Herb rich saline shrublands in clay pans Vulnerable CE Relictual White Relictual White Mangrove Community (Leschenault Inlet) P1 Not listed

1 Note to allow for vegetation type and extent mapping error due to the scale used, the extent of the remnant vegetation is considered to be an over estimate. Therefore the 30% and 10% EPA recognised thresholds are assessed at actual 40% and 15% levels. Note: the figures provided in the tables do not address the condition of the remaining vegetation.

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Mangrove Community (PEC) SCP21b (PEC) Southern Banksia attenuata woodlands P3(i) Not listed SCP29a (PEC) Coastal shrublands on shallow sands P3(ii) Not listed SCP25 (PEC) Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephala - Agonis flexuosa P3(iii) Not listed woodlands.

Please refer to Appendix 1 for a full description of both State and Federal conservation categories for priority and threatened ecological communities. Note there is no legislation in Western Australia that provides specific protection to TECs or PEC’s at present (N.B. refer to Section 4.0).

5.7 Priority and Declared Flora

A review of state and federal environment databases identified 20 priority listed flora and 11 threatened or rare flora within a five kilometre radius of the survey area. The results of this search are presented in Table 4 below. Further details on the general habitat, associated vegetation and likelihood of occurrence for these plants are provided in Appendix 6.

Table 4: Priority and Declared Flora Cons State EPBC No Species Plant description Status Rank Status Rush-like, erect or sprawling , 0.3-0.75(-1.6) m 1 Acacia flagelliformis2,3,4,5 P4 high. Fl. yellow, May to Sep. Slender, erect, pungent shrub, (0.1-0.2-0.7(-1.5) m 2 Acacia semitrullata2,3,5 P4 high. Fl. cream-white, May to Oct. Slender erect or open straggly shrub, 0.1-0.5(-1) m 3 Andersonia gracilis1 T EN high. white-pink-purple, Sep to Nov. Erect annual, herb, to 0.1 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct to 4 P3 drummondii2,4,5 Dec. Aponogeton Rhizomatous or cormous, aquatic perennial, herb, 5 P4 hexatepalus2,3,4 floating. Flowers green-white, Jul to Oct. 6 Austrostipa bronwenae 4 T CR Perennial grass, 0.9-0.15 m high, flowers Oct to Nov7 Austrostipa 7 T CR CR Perennial grass, 0.8-0.12 m high, flowers Oct to Nov7 jacobsiana2,3,5 subsp. Dense, erect, non-lignotuberous shrub, 0.2-1.5 m 8 T EN ulignosa1 high. Fl. yellow-brown, Aug to Sep. Erect annual herb, to 0.15 m high Fl. Yellow, Oct to 9 Blennospora doliiformis5 P3 Nov. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.25-0.6 m high. Flowers 10 Caladenia hueglii1 T CR EN green & cream & red, Sep to Oct. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.35-0.6 m high. Fl. white- 11 Caladenia speciosa2,3,4,5 P4 pink, Sep to Oct. Tufted annual, herb (forming a rounded cushion up 12 Centrolepis caespitosa1 P4 EN to 25 mm across). Flowers Oct to Dec. Erect, or spreading, shrub to 0.7 m high, often using other for support. Young branches are 13 Darwinia foetida1 T EN CR slender, green-brown with prominent, decurrent bases, becoming grey and woody. Flowers green, Oct to Nov. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.5-1.05 m high. Flowers 14 Diuris drummondii1,2,3,4,5 T VU VU yellow, Nov to Dec or Jan. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.3-0.6 m high. Flowers 15 Diuris micrantha1 T VU VU yellow & brown, Sep to Oct.

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Cons State EPBC No Species Plant description Status Rank Status Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.15-0.35 m high. Flowers 16 Diuris purdiei1 T EN EN yellow, Sep to Oct. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.12-0.3 m high. Flowers 17 Drakaea elastica1 T CR EN red & green & yellow, Oct to Nov. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.15-0.3 m high. Flowers 18 Drakaea micrantha T EN VU red & yellow, Sep to Oct. Eryngium pinnatifidum Erect perennial herb 0.15 -0.5 m high, Flowers white 19 P3 subsp. Palustre6 / blue Eucalyptus rudis subsp. Tree, 5-20 m high, bark rough, box-type. Fl. white, Jul 20 P4 Cratyantha2,5 to Sep. echinata Prickly, much-branched, non-lignotuberous shrub, to 21 T CR EN subsp. Occidentalis1 3 m high. Flowers yellow, Feb or Apr or Dec. Lasiopetalum Multi-stemmed shrub, 0.2-1 m high. Fl. pink-blue- 22 P3 membranaceum2,3,4,5 purple, Sep to Dec. Platysace Perennial, herb, to 0.3 m high. Fl. white-cream, Oct 23 P3 ramosissima2,3,4,5 to Nov. 24 Pterostylis frenchii4 P2 Tuberous, herb, to 0.35 m high, with rosette leaves. Caespitose annual or perennial, grass-like or herb, 25 Puccinellia vassica2,4 P1 0.41-0.55 m high. Saline soils. On the outer margins of coastal saltmarshes. Slender shrub, 1-2 m high. Fl. yellow/orange & red, 26 Pultenaea skinneri2,4,5 P4 Jul to Sep. Tufted perennial, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.15- 27 Schoenus benthamii2,3,4,5 P3 0.45 m high. Fl. brown, Oct to Nov. Annual, grass-like or herb (sedge), 0.03-0.06 m high. 28 Schoenus loliaceus2,5 P2 Fl. Aug to Nov. Erect annual (ephemeral), herb, 0.05-0.12 m high. Fl. 29 Stylidium longitubum 2,3 P3 pink, Oct to Dec. Tuberous, perennial, herb, 0.1-0.35 m high. Flowers 30 Thelymitra variegata2,4,5 P3 orange & red & purple & pink, Jun to Sep. 31 Verticordia attenuata2,4,5 P3 Shrub, 0.4-1 m high. Fl. pink, Dec or Jan to May. References: 1. Department of the Environment, 2015 2. DPaW, 2007 – 2015. 3. DPaW, 2014a. 4. DPaW, 2013. 5. WAH, 2014. 6. Env Australia, 2013. 7. Williams, 2011

5.8 Other significant vegetation and flora.

Other significant vegetation and flora as defined by the EPA 2008 that may be present within the survey area are discussed in Table 5 and Table 6 below.

Table 5: Other Significant Vegetation Significant vegetation characteristic Relevance to the survey area. Scarcity The vegetation type is not considered to be scarce; however it occurs within the Karrakatta Central and South Vegetation Complex which has less than 30% of its pre-European extent vegetation remaining and the vegetation unit at the site is inferred as a Priority Ecological Community. This community, known as SCP 25 Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephala – Agonis flexuosa Woodlands, is poorly reserved and has a

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Significant vegetation characteristic Relevance to the survey area. susceptible conservation status (Gibson et al., 1994). Refer to Sections 8.5 and 8.8. Unusual species A review of literature relevant to the survey area did not reveal any unusual species of note. Novel combination of species A review of literature relevant to the survey area did not reveal communities with novel combinations of species occurring within proximity of the survey area. A role as a refuge, for example islands or Refugia are not known from the area. permanent wetlands in arid environments. Key habitat for threatened species or large Vegetation occurring within the survey may provide key populations habitat for threatened fauna species known to occur within the area, refer to Section 8.10. Representatives of the range of a vegetation Vegetation complexes identified at the survey area are not unit including the extremes of the range, or a known to be at the extreme of their range and the survey good example in prime habitat. area is not known to represent an example of a vegetation unit in prime habitat. A restricted distribution The vegetation unit at the site is inferred as a Priority Ecological Community. This community, known as SCP 25 Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephala – Agonis flexuosa Woodlands, is poorly reserved and has a susceptible conservation status (Gibson et al., 1994). Refer to Section 8.8.

Table 6: Other Significant Flora Significant flora characteristic Relevance to the survey area. Key roles in a habitat for threatened species Four species of threatened fauna are known to occur within or large populations proximity to the survey area. It is likely that vegetation within the survey area may provide habitat for these species, refer to Section 5.9 Relic status Literature review did not reveal any flora species with relictual status as occurring within proximity of the survey area. Anomalous features that indicate a potential A literature review did not reveal any flora with anomalous new discovery features as occurring at or in proximity to the survey area. Being representatives of the range of a A sub-species of Synaphea spinulosa recorded in vicinity of species including the extremes of the range the survey area is known to be at its mapped range extent, please refer to Section 5.10. A restricted subspecies, variety or naturally A yellow variant of manglesii has been occurring hybrid recorded in at Katherine Chauhan Reserve approximately one km west-south-west of the survey area, please refer to Section 5.11. Local endemism or a restricted distribution Aside from priority listed and declared rare flora the literature review did not reveal locally endemic or restricted distribution flora.

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5.9 Key habitat and flora requirements for threatened fauna species

Four threatened fauna species specially protected under state (WC Act) and federal legislation (EPBC Act) are known to occur within proximity of the survey area (DEWHA, 2009; DSEWPaC, 2012), as outlined in Table 7 below.

Table 7: Protected Fauna Species known to occur in proximity to the survey area Species Scientific Name EPBC Status WC Act Status Western Ringtail Possum (WRP) Pseudocheirus occidentalis Vulnerable Threatened Carnaby’s cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris Endangered Threatened

Baudin’s cockatoo Calyptorhynchus baudinii Vulnerable Threatened

Forest red-tailed black Calyptorhynchus banksii Vulnerable Threatened cockatoo naso

The EPBC Act significant impact and referral guidelines provide information on the habitat requirements for these species including any flora species which are important to their existence. These habitat and flora requirements are discussed below.

5.9.1 Western Ringtail Possum habitat and flora requirements EPBC Act Significant Impact Guidelines for WRP recognises that there are two habitat communities primarily used by the Western Ringtail Possum in the southern Swan Coastal Plain:

1. Coastal peppermint dominated communities – peppermint dominated communities on sand with perched/shallow fresh groundwater that are generally within one kilometre of the coast, including areas where this habitat type occurs as remnants.

2. Myrtaceous and other communities – communities with a mosaic of eucalypt woodlands and forest with varying peppermint presence, including occasional peppermint dominated gullies, sheltered, wet and/or sandy sites (DEWHA, 2009).

Areas containing a dense understorey of coastal sword sedge gladiatum and other lepidosperma species also provide important habitat for WRP (DEWHA, 2009)

Peppermint forms 90% of the diet of Western Ringtail Possums in the southern Swan Coastal Plain and is considered to be significant for the survival of WRP (DEWHA, 2009).

These guidelines also identify that the survey area occurs within an area that provides key supportive habitat for WRP.

5.9.2 Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos habitat and flora requirements Table 8 outlines key flora and habitat requirements for the threatened black cockatoos (DSEWPaC, 2012).

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5.10 Range Extension Flora

Env Australia (2013) recorded a range extension for Synaphaea spinulosa var spinulosa during a survey of the ECU campus in 2012. Records for this species are located within 1 km north of the survey area.

5.11 A restricted subspecies, variety or naturally occurring hybrid

A yellow flowering variant of Anigozanthos manglesii was recorded in October of 2014 from Katherine Chauhan Reserve, Withers, Bunbury. Katherine Chauhan Reserve is located approximately 1 km west of the survey area within the Spearwood dune system and the mapped Karrakatta Central and South vegetation complex. It is understood that there are a number of natural colour variations of A. manglesii with a red colour variant of the same species occurring along the Capel – Boyanup Railway line (DPaW, 2014d).

Figure 3: Yellow colour variant of Anigozanthos manglesii, photograph courtesy Margaret Teremoana

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Table 8: Key flora and vegetation habitats used by threatened species of black cockatoos, sourced from EPBC Act referral guidelines for three species of black cockatoo species, DSEWPaC,12) Habitat Baudin’s Cockatoo Carnaby’s Cockatoo Forest red-tailed Cockatoo Breeding Generally in woodland or forest, but may also breed in Generally in woodland or forest, but also breeds in Generally in woodland or forest, but may also breed in former woodland or forest now present as isolated trees. former woodland or forest now present as isolated former woodland or forest now present as isolated trees. Nest in hollows in trees. Nest in hollows in Nest in hollows in live or dead trees of karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor), marri live or dead trees of salmon gum (E. salmonophloia), live or dead trees of marri, karri, wandoo, bullich (Corymbia calophylla), wandoo (E.wandoo) and tuart wandoo, tuart, jarrah (E. marginata), flooded gum (E.megacarpa), blackbutt (E. patens), tuart and jarrah. (E.gomphocephala). (E. rudis), york gum (E. loxophleba subsp. loxophleba), powderbark (E. accedens), karri and marri. Night Generally in or near riparian environments or other Generally in or near riparian environments or natural Tall jarrah, marri, blackbutt, tuart and introduced eucalypt permanent water sources. Jarrah, marri, flooded gum, and artificial permanent water sources. Flat-topped trees within or on the edges of forests. roosting blackbutt (E. patens), tuart, and introduced eucalypts yate (E. occidentalis), salmon gum, wandoo, marri, including blue gum (E. globulus), and lemon scented gum karri, blackbutt, tuart, introduced eucalypts (for (Corymbia citriodora). example blue gum) and introduced pines. Foraging Eucalypt woodlands and forest, and proteaceous woodland Native shrubland, kwongan heathland and woodland Jarrah and marri woodlands and forest, and edges of karri and heath. During the breeding season feed primarily on dominated by proteaceous plant species such as forests including wandoo and blackbutt, within the range native vegetation, particularly marri. Outside the breeding Banksia spp. (including Dryandra spp.), spp. and of the subspecies. season, may feed in fruit orchards (mostly apple and , spp. Forages in pine plantations (Pinus spp.), but also persimmon) and tips of Pinus spp. eucalypt woodland and forest that contains foraging species. Also individual trees and small stands of these species. Foraging: Mostly marri (seeds, flowers, nectar and grubs) and Seeds, flowers and nectar of native proteaceous plant Mostly seeds of marri and jarrah, also Eucalyptus caesia, proteaceous trees and shrubs. Also other native seeds and species (for example, Banksia spp., Hakea spp., illyarrie (E. erythrocorys) and some introduced eucalypts common introduced fruits; insects and insect larvae; pith of kangaroo Dryandra spp, and Grevillea spp), eucalypts and such as river red gum (E. camaldulensis) and flooded gum food items paw (Anigozanthos flavidus); juice of ripe persimmons; tips Callistemon. Also seeds of introduced species including (E. grandis), Allocasuarina cones, fruits of snottygobble of Pinus spp. and seeds of apples and . Pinus spp., Erodium spp., wild radish, canola, almonds ( longifolia) and mountain marri (Corymbia and pecan nuts; insects and insect larvae; occasionally haematoxylon). On the Swan Coastal Plain, often feed on flesh and juice of apples and persimmons. introduced cape lilac (Melia azedarach).

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5.12 Declared Pest plants and Weeds of National Significance

Ten declared pest plants recognised under section 22 of the BAM Act and four Weeds of National Significance (WONS) currently known to occur within the City of Bunbury (CoB, 2007).

Weeds of National Significance are regarded as being Australia’s worst invasive plants (AWC, 2012), however, this classification does not presently have a statutory head of power for control.

Table 9: City of Bunbury Declared Pest Plants and Weeds of National Significance Scientific Name Common Name Pest Plant WONS Control Category in Bunbury1 Asparagus asparagoides bridal creeper C3 x Emex australis double gee C3 Genista linifolia Flax-leaf broom x Gomphocarpus fruticosus narrow-leaf cotton Bush C3 Lantana camara lantana C3 x Moraea flaccida one-leaf Cape tulip C3 Moraea miniata two-leaf Cape tulip C3 Rubus anglocandicans European (common) blackberry C3 x Rubus laudatus American (early) blackberry C3 Solanum linnaeanum apple of Sodom C3 Zantedeschia aethiopica arum lily C3 1.Refer to Appendix 1 for a description of the weed control categories under the BAM Act.

5.13 Locally Significant Weeds

The City of Bunbury has prioritised locally significant weeds based on invasiveness, capacity for control and their current distribution vs potential distribution within the City. A draft list has been prepared and is used as a basis for prioritising management of environmental weeds across the City.

Table 10: City of Bunbury Environmental Draft Weed Appreciation Schedule: very high to medium control species No. Scientific Name Common Name Priority 1 Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper VH 2 Chamaecytisus palmensis Tree Lucerne, Tagasaste H 3 Eragrostis curvula African Lovegrass H 4 Euphorbia terracina Geraldton Carnation Weed H 5 Leptospermum laevigatum Victorian Teatree H 6 Moraea flaccida One-leaf Cape Tulip H 7 Zantedeschia aethiopica Arum Lily H 8 Acacia iteaphylla Flinders Range Wattle M

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No. Scientific Name Common Name Priority 9 Acacia longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle M 10 Agapanthus praecox Agapanthus M 11 Carex divisa Divided Sedge M 12 Carpobrotus edulis Hottentot Fig M 13 Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass M 14 Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt Grass M 15 Ehrharta longiflora Annual Veldt Grass M 16 Emex australis Doublegee M 17 Ferraria crispa Black Flag M 18 Freesia alba x leichtlinii Freesia M 19 Gladiolus undulatus Wavy Gladiolus M 20 Gomphocarpus fruticosus Narrowleaf Cottonbush M 21 Lantana camara var. camara Lantana M 22 Lupinus cosentinii Sand-plain Lupin M 24 Rubus anglocandicans European Blackberry M 25 Rubus laudatus American Blackberry M 26 Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian Pepper M 27 Watsonia meriana Bubil Watsonia M

5.14 Previous Flora and Vegetation Surveys

A number of flora and vegetation surveys have previously been undertaken in proximity to the survey site and are listed below. Of these surveys, those undertaken by Koch, (1990); Envi Australia, (2013) and Onshore Environmental Consultants, (2007) are especially relevant to this survey because of their close proximity and similar landscape position and soil type to the survey area. A map showing the spatial location of these surveys and others of interest to the survey area are provided in Figure 4. Appendix 7 provides a table comparing the main results of these surveys and is used as a basis of discussion in this report.  Alan Tingay and Associates (2000). South Bunbury and Brook Village Structure Plan Review Environmental Assessment.  Beverly Koch (1989). Vegetation Survey of the Proposed Botanic Park, “ Manea Park”, City of Bunbury.  Beverly Koch (1990). Vegetation Survey of the Proposed Botanic Park, “ Manea Park”, City of Bunbury - Supplementary Survey of Western and Eastern Sections.  Eco Logic Environmental Services South West (2010). 2010 Level 1 Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, Proposed Somerville Drive Extension, College Grove.  Ekologica (2012). A level 2 Flora and Vegetation Survey of Remnant Native Vegetation at the Bunbury Airport.  Env Australia (2013). Flora and Vegetation Assessment of Edith Cowan University, Bunbury.

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 GHD (2003). Hay Park Athletics and Cycle Track Proposal Flora Survey.  Gibson et al. (1994). A Floristic Survey of the Southern Swan Coastal Plain, Department of Conservation and Land Management.  Hart, Simpson and Associates & B.K. Masters and Associates (1994). Development of Part of System 6 c70 South of the Maidens. Bunbury Endowment Land Part Lot 670, and Parts of Lots 301-4. Consultative Environmental Review.  Onshore Environmental Consultants (2007). Flora &Vegetation Survey, Edith Cowan University.  RPS (2010). Level 1 Spring Flora Survey, Somerville Drive Intersection, College Grove Rev 0.0 prepared for the City of Bunbury.  Shrapnel Urban Planning (1994). City of Bunbury, Bunbury Airport and Environs Future Land Use Potential Study Environmental Assessment.  SW Herbarium Volunteer Group (2013). October 2013, Katherine Chauhan Reserve, Parade Road / Sweeting Way/ Guille Fawy, City of Bunbury Vegetation and Flora Survey.

Figure 4: Previous Flora Surveys in proximity to the Survey Area

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6. Survey Method

The survey methodology is according to requirements established by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) for flora and vegetation surveys in Western Australia, as set out in:  Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia, Clearing of Native Vegetation, with particular reference to the agricultural area, Position Statement No. 2 EPA 2000, Western Australia  Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection, Position Statement No. 3, EPA 2002, Western Australia  Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors: Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia No. 51 ,EPA 2004, Western Australia  Environmental Guidance for Planning and Development, Guidance Statement No. 33 EPA 2008, Western Australia.

Key terms used in this survey are as per the definitions provided in EPA Guidance Statement No. 51.

6.1 Desktop review

A desktop search was undertaken to gather background information to inform and guide the flora survey. This involved a search and review of the following sources:  DPaW Threatened and Priority Flora database (DPaW, 2014a)  Western Australian Herbarium database as of (DPaW, 2014c).  DPaW Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities database (DPaW, 2014b)  DoTE Protected Matters Search Tool (DotE, 2015)  DPaW NatureMap (DPaW, 2007-2015) The area was searched on a 5 km buffer around the study area N.B. Data for the above resources was collected from an approximately 5 km radius of the survey area.  Previous vegetation and flora surveys undertaken in the vicinity of the study area as listed in section 5.14 and compared in Appendix 7.

6.2 Field survey

The survey was carried out during four visits to the survey area on the 4 and 26 September, 21 October and 9 December 2014.

The survey comprised of two main parts:

1. A general flora survey of the whole study area, which included a targeted rare flora search and an assessment of vegetation condition and the vegetation communities present within the survey area. The entire survey area was traversed two times.

2. Installation of one 100 m2 floristic quadrat to allow for the vegetation of the study area to be

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compared to established floristic community types defined by Gibson et al. (1994). The quadrat was surveyed for flora on three occasions. The northeast corner of the quadrat was staked at the following MGA Zone 50 coordinates: 374260, 6306092.

The targeted flora search entailed a systematic search of the survey area. The relatively small size of the survey area allowed for almost the entire area to be visually inspected.

The vegetation condition of the survey area was determined in accordance with Keighery’s (1994) vegetation condition scale. Condition ratings were recorded on hard copy aerial images and digitised on to aerial maps using GIS software.

Vegetation units were described based on the vegetation structure, cover and dominant species present within the study area in accordance with the methodology prescribed in Keighery (1994). Vegetation units were mapped on aerial images and then digitised using GIS software.

The 100 m2 survey quadrat was established, surveyed and recorded also using methodology prescribed in Keighery (1994). Additional data on species abundance was also collected within the quadrat to assist in the comparative assessment of the mapped vegetation units with Gibson et al. (1994) Floristic Community Types (FCTs).

Flora, where possible, was identified in the field using field manuals and where positive identification was not possible a sample was taken for identification using relevant flora identification reference texts. Where further clarification was required specimens were taken to the Bunbury Regional Herbarium for assistance in identification. A single visit was undertaken during January 2014.

6.3 Comparative analysis of vegetation types

To clarify what FCTs correlated with the vegetation unit in the survey area and to determine the likely occurrence of TECs or PECs, plant species lists from the surveyed quadrat were compared against Gibson et al. (1994) Floristic Community Type data.

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7. Survey Limitations and Constraints

The potential limitations of the Vegetation and Flora survey are presented below:

Table 11: Survey Limitations and Constraints Potential limitations Constraint? Yes – no; significant, Comment Moderate or Negligible Competency / experience of the Negligible This is the first level two flora survey undertaken by the botanist, however previous and current consultant conducting the experience as a bushland regenerator 3 years in the City of Melville, sub-contracted botanist survey undertaking reserve assessments for the City of Canning in 2006 and environmental officer in local area for 8+ years provide adequate knowledge of the local flora to undertake the assessment.

Field survey techniques and results were independently reviewed by an experienced botanist from Eco Logia Pty Ltd on a contract basis. Proportion of the flora collected No constraints The reserve was surveyed 4 times for a total time of 8 hours. & identified Sources of information and No constraints Vegetation within the local area is relatively well surveyed. Numerous local survey reports were availability of contextual reviewed during the survey and preparation of this survey report. information Proportion of flora collected and Negligible The entire survey area (2.17 ha) was generally surveyed two times and all flora observed within the identified ( based on sampling, survey area was described. One 100m2 quadrat was established and all flora in the quadrat was timing and intensity) surveyed. Completeness and further work No constraints All remnant vegetation at the survey area was mapped and searched for comprehensively on foot. which might be needed Env Australia, (2013) identified a subspecies of S Spinulosa sub spinulosa during a survey of the Edith Cowan University Campus, which was identified to be at its range extent. Synaphea spinulosa was identified during the survey but was not identified to a subspecies level. Further work during its flowering season would be required to identify it further. This may result in a further range extension for this species. Mapping reliability No constraints Limited size of the area ensured that the site was adequately and accurately mapped. Timing, weather, season cycle No constraints Survey was undertaken during spring, following winter rains and prior to the onset of hot dry weather so most ephemeral species would have been present at this time. Disturbances No constraints No disturbances with the potential to affect the survey were experienced during the survey. Eg fire or flood. Resources No constraints Sufficient resources were available to undertake the survey. Access Problems No constraints All parts of the reserve were easily accessed.

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8. Results and Discussion

8.1 General Flora

A total of 80 plant species from 71 genera and 30 families and were identified across the entire survey area. Nineteen of these were identified as weed species. Within the 100 m2 quadrat, 44 plant species from 22 families and 41 genera were identified, nine of these were weeds.

The most speciose families across the survey area were (13), (9), Poaceae (6) and Asparagaceae (5), which is comparable to other larger surveys conducted in the vicinity area. Koch, (1990) attributes the higher proportion of and Poaceae to disturbance by humans as these families contain most of the introduced species. The Fabaceae family, which is also well represented, also includes disturbance colonisers and weed species, such as Acacia pulchella and *Acacia longifolia.

Table 12: Comparison of species richness of plant families across local flora surveys Family Envi Australia, Onshore, Koch, Lot 70 Winthrop (2013) (2007) (1990) Ave, this survey Asteraceae 15 21 24 4 Myrtaceae 10 20 21 8 Fabaceae 13 20 20 13 Orchidaceae 12 12 16 4 Poaceae 11 13 19 6

There was no real dominant genera represented across the survey area, the highest being Acacia (4) which included two introduced species.

It is considered that the surveyed species richness of the survey area is comparable with other surveys of 10 x 10 m quadrats conducted in similar vegetation units within proximity to the survey area, refer to Table 13. Discrepancies in species richness can be attributed to difference in flowering seasons, survey time effort and experience of the botanist.

Table 13: Comparison of species richness in 10 x 10 m quadrats with similar vegetation to the survey area 10 x 10 m quadrat Current Envi Australia, *Gibson et survey (2013) al.,(19940 Average native species 44 32 24 52.8 total Average weed species no data no data no data 12.9 Vegetation condition good good not described good Number of quadrats 1 4 5 11 *Inferred similar vegetation type SCP 25 Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephala – Agonis flexuosa woodlands

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8.2 Declared and Priority Flora

Eleven flora species listed as threatened under the WC Act and 12 flora species protected under EPBC Act were identified as potentially occurring within a five kilometre radius of the survey area. 20 DPaW priority listed flora were also identified within the same area, refer to table 4. Eleven of these were recorded as having a possibility of occurring within the survey area due to a preference of similar habitat as that known to occur at the survey area.

Despite targeted searching for these species, no threatened species listed under either the EPBC Act or the WC Act were recorded in the survey area. Neither were any DPaW priority listed flora recorded in the survey area.

It is noted that no threatened flora were recorded in any of the reviewed survey reports undertaken in the local area. Appendix 7 provides an overview of flora data of reviewed surveys.

8.3 Possible Range Extent Flora

Figure 5: Synaphea spinulosa recorded within the survey area

Env Australia, (2013) recorded a range extension for a subspecies of Synaphaea spinulosa – Synaphaea spinulosa var spinulosa in bushland approximately one kilometre of the study area.

Hart et al. (1994) and the SW Herbarium volunteers (2013) also recorded Synaphea spinulosa in their flora surveys located in similar vegetation generally to the WSW and W of the survey area. The volunteer survey notes that the S. spinulosa is near its range extent but Hart et al. make no comment on this.

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Synaphea spinulosa was recorded from within the survey area, but was not identified to a subspecies level. It is possible that the species recorded at the survey area may present a further range extension of this sub species. Further identification to a sub-species level is recommended and should further identification confirm that it represents a range extension for this species, it is recommended that the population be mapped and reported to DPaW.

8.4 Weeds

Nineteen weed species were identified across the site. Of these, the dominant families are Poaceae (4), Fabaceae (4) and Myrtaceae (4). Two of these Eucalyptus citriodora and the other unidentified Eucalypt appear to have been planted to create an avenue of trees.

No declared pest plants listed under the BAM Act 2007 or Weeds of National Significance were observed within the survey area.

Five locally significant weeds were identified within the survey area. These weeds should, where practically possible, be controlled across the site, especially given the close proximity to the TEC’s which are located less than one kilometre to the northwest of the survey area.

Table 14: Locally significant weeds in the survey area Weed Species Priority for management Leptospermum laevigatum High Acacia iteaphylla Medium Acacia longifolia Medium Ehrharta calycina* Medium Freesia sp. Medium

8.5 Vegetation Complex

The survey area is mapped as occurring within the Yoongarillup vegetation complex but near the boundary of Karrakata Central and South Vegetation Complex. However the deep pale yellow to deep yellow soil type present across the survey area indicates that the survey area is more typical of the Karrakata Central and South Vegetation Complex than the Yoongarillup Complex.

The soils typical of the Yoongarillup Vegetation Complex are the result of marine deposits. Examples of this soil type and its associated vegetation complex are found around the Leschenault Estuary and comprise of a range of sediments including shell gravel and fragments, silica and carbonate silt from the breakdown of calcareous estuarine skeletons and diatoms, quartz and carbonate sands from Quindalup Sand Dunes (Semeniuk, 2000).

The vegetation unit present at the site is also typical of that for the Karrakata Central and South Complex.

The Heddle et al. (1980) vegetation complex data sets were captured at 1:250,000 scale, which may explain the discrepancy in actual field observations.

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The Karrakata Central and South Vegetation Complex is mapped to be at 23.92% of its pre-European extent. The EPA recognises that the species loss appears to accelerate exponentially at an ecosystem level when vegetation types are cleared below a 30% “threshold level”. The EPA’s Position Statement No. 2 (EPA, 2000) has an expectation that proposals would demonstrate that vegetation removal would not compromise any vegetation type by taking it below the “threshold level” of 30%. Where this threshold level is exceeded, the EPA expects alternative mechanisms to be put forward to address the protection of biodiversity (EPA, 2000), for example via implementation of an environmental offset to mitigate impacts of vegetation clearing (EPA, 2011).

Figure 6: Pale yellow to yellow, deep wind deposited sand characteristic of Karrakata soils at the survey site

8.6 Vegetation Units:

Two vegetation units were described as occurring across remnant bushland within the survey area.

1. EgBa AfXoAhHh, Figure 7

Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Forest over Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa and Xylomelum occidentalis Low Woodland over Allocasuarina humilis Tall Open Shrubland over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Shrubland over *Briza maxima Grassland over mixed Open Herbland.

2. EgBa*LlDdSs*Bm, Figure 7

Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata over *Leptospermum laevigatum Tall Open Shrubland over divaricata Shrubland over Synaphea spinulosa Low Open Shrubland over *Briza maxima Grassland.

The second unit, described above, may be considered to be a degraded expression of EgBa AfXoAHh. Two species which dominated in this association were Daviesia divaricata and Synaphea spinulosa both of these species have been observed in disturbed sites in local bushland areas.

The better condition vegetation unit EgBa AfXoAhHh is similar to vegetation units described by Koch, (1990); Onshore, (2007) and Env Aust, (2013) less than 1 km to the north of the survey area. Figure X shows the survey area relative to the unit described by Envi Aust, (2013).

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Env Aust, 2013  Eucalyptus gomphocephala woodland over Agonis flexuosa, Banksia attenuata low open forest over scattered tall shrubs over Hibbertia hypericoides, Macrozamia riedlei low shrubland over Dichopogon preissii, Trifolium campestre very open herbland. Onshore, 2007  Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Woodland over Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla, Agonis flexuosa, Banksia attenuata Low Woodland A over Agonis flexuosa, Banksia attenuata, Xylomelum occidentale Open Low Woodland B over Melaleuca thymoides, Xylomelum occidentale Open Low Scrub B over Macrozamia riedlei Open Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia hypericoides, gracilis, Dasypogon bromeliifolius, Conostylis aculeata Low Heath D over *Briza maxima Very Open Low Grass over Daucus glochidiatus, * anthemoides, *Hypochaeris glabra, Chamaescilla corymbosa Very Open Herbs  Eucalyptus gomphocephala, Corymbia calophylla Open Woodland over Agonis flexuosa, Corymbia calophylla, Banksia attenuata, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata Low Forest A over Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, Agonis flexuosa, Corymbia calophylla Low Woodland B over Diplolaena dampieri, Acacia cyclops, Agonis flexuosa Open Scrub over Macrozamia riedlei Open Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia hypericoides, Dwarf Scrub D over *Briza maxima, *Briza minor,*Ehrharta calycina Open Low Grass over Hardenbergia comptoniana Very Open Climbers over *Romulea rosea, *Ursinia anthemoides, *Hypochaeris glabra, Chamaescilla corymbosa Open Herbs Koch, 1990  Eucalyptus gomphocephala 2-15%, Corymbia calophylla 0-10% E marginata 1-5% Agonis flexuosa 2-15% Banksia attenuata 1-15% Woodland or Woodland 2-15% over Shrubs: 1-2 m high, 5-15% foliar cover e.g. Acacia cochlearis, A pulchella, Allocasuarina humilis, Daviesia divaricata, furcellata, J sternbergiana, Leucopogon propinquus, Macrozamia riedlei, over Low Shrubs and Herbs 0.3 – 0.5 m high, 5-30% foliar cover, e.g. Acacia willdenowiana, Anigozanthos manglesii, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Dianella revoluta, Dichopogon capillipes, Hardenbergia comptoniana, Hibbertia hypericoides, Hovea trisperma, Kennedia prostrata, Lepidosperma angustatum, linearis, Phyllanthus calycinus.

Figure 7: Vegetation unit EgBa AfXoAhHh

8.7 Floristic Community Types

The vegetation surveyed in the area is considered to be most similar to Floristic Community Type SCP 25 Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephala – Agonis flexuosa woodlands.

The comparison of flora species presented in Appendix 7 and summarised in Table 15 demonstrated that both SCP 25 and SCP 21a had a similar number of shared flora species with the survey data but SCP 21a did not list Tuart or Peppermint as a typical or common species.

Factors supporting the inference of the survey community as SCP 25 include:

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 The survey vegetation as a whole contains 8 of the 11 typical species and 9 of the 20 common species characteristic of SCP 25 including Eucalyptus gomphocephla and Agonis flexuosa which form the dominant trees species.  The survey area occurs within the Spearwood Dune System in which SCP25 is commonly recorded.  It occurs in close proximity to other mapped occurrences of SCP25. Env Aust, (2013) inferred a similar vegetation unit less than 1 km north of the survey area as being most similar to SCP 25 and DPAW, (2014b) mapped an occurrence of SCP 25 in a similar position within landscape less than 500m south of the survey area, see Figure 8 below.

SCP 25 is categorised by DPaW as a P3(iii) Priority Ecological Community and Gibson et al. (1994) record this FTC as being poorly reserved and susceptible to ongoing degradation.

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Figure 8 Vegetation Units

Figure 8: Vegetation Units

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Figure 9 Floristic Community Type Comparison

Figure 9: Floristic Community Type Comparison

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Table 15: Floristic Community Type Analysis Surveyed Vegetation Unit within Lot Floristic Community Types Comparison Comment 70 Winthrop Ave 1. EgBaAfXoAHh SCP 21a: Central Banksia attenuata – 17 of 31 species represented in SCP 21a This FCT was most similar in terms of comparable number of shared species Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Forest over Eucalyptus marginata woodlands. 7 of 9 typical species represented in SCP 21 a however it does not contain Eucalyptus gomphocephala or Agonis flexuosa Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa and which are part of the dominant tree species typical of the survey area. Xylomelum occidentalis Low Woodland over Commonly recorded within the Karrakata Reservation status: well reserved Allocasuarina humilis Tall Open Shrubland over Central and South Veg complex on Spearwood Hibbertia hypericoides Low Shrubland over sand dunes. Conservation status: Low Risk *Briza maxima Grassland over mixed Open SCP 21b Southern Banksia attenuata 13 of 41 species represented in the Gibson This FCT was not regarded as a likely match for the survey area due to its Herbland. woodlands etal.,(1994) FCT low number of matching species and low representation on the Spearwood Not well recorded within Spearwood dune dune system. system Reservation status: well reserved Conservation status: Susceptible SCP 21c Low lying Banksia attenuata 11 of 22 species represented in the Gibson This FCT was not regarded as a likely match for the survey area due to its woodlands or shrublands etal.,(1994) FCT. poor representation on the Spearwood dune system and because it does 4 of 8 typical species represented not contain Eucalyptus gomphocephala or Agonis flexuosa which are part of the dominant tree species typical of the survey area. Not well recorded within the Spearwood dune system – more common within the Bassendean soil system. Reservation status: well reserved Conservation status: Susceptible SCP 25 Southern Eucalyptus 14of 32 species represented in the Gibson FCT SCP 25 provides the best match for the vegetation unit described for the gomphocephla – Agonis flexuosa etal.,(1994) FCT. survey area. woodlands 17 of 32 species represented for entire area It contains 8 of the 11 typical species including Eucalyptus gomphocephala. 6 of 11 typical represented in the Gibson etal., (1994) FCT Quadrat Note the surveyed quadrat did not contain Eucalyptus gomphocephala or 8 of 11 typical species represented across the Agonis flexuosa however these were commonly recorded from outside of area the quadrat area and formed part of the defined vegetation unit for the Commonly recorded within the Karrakata area. Central and South Veg complex on Spearwood Reservation status: poorly reserved sand dunes Conservation status: Susceptible SCP 30b Quindalup Eucalyptus 4of 28 species represented in the Gibson etal., This FCT was not regarded as a likely match for the survey area due to its gomphocephala and / or Agonis flexuosa (1994)FCT low number of matching species and low representation on the Spearwood woodlands Only recorded from the Quindalup system dune system. Reservation status: poorly reserved Conservation status: Susceptible

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8.8 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

Four TECs and four PECs were identified as occurring within five kilometres of the survey area (DPaW 2014b) (N.B. refer to section 5.6 and Appendix 5). Two of the TEC’s occur less than one kilometre northwest of the survey area in the Hay Park Conservation area.

The vegetation unit recorded at the survey area is inferred as the PEC SCP 25: Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephla – Agonis flexuosa woodlands.

This community is listed by DPaW as a Priority 3 (iii) Ecological community and is currently mapped by DPaW as occurring within 250 m south of the survey area.

Priority Three (iii) are poorly known ecological communities made up of large, and/or widespread occurrences, that may or may not be represented in the reserve system, but are under threat of modification across much of their range from processes such as grazing by domestic and/or feral stock, and inappropriate fire regimes.

Gibson et al. (1994) classified this FCT to be poorly reserved - known from a Single A class National Park or Nature Reserve and having a Susceptible Conservation Status, meaning that there is evidence that it can be modified or destroyed by human activities, or would be vulnerable to new threatening processes.

8.9 Vegetation Condition

The condition of vegetation present at the survey area ranged from Completely Degraded to Good according to the Keighery Vegetation Scale (Keighery, 1994).

Table 16: Vegetation Condition Recorded in the Study Area Vegetation Condition Area (ha) Proportion of Study Area (%) Good 0.51 23.5 Degraded 0.57 26.3 Completely degraded 1.09 50.2 Total 2.17 100

The completely degraded portion of the site is due largely to the use of this area as a former rifle range from approximately 1985 to 1995 (Taylor & Burrell, 1985). Portions of the degraded areas are likely to have been used as the backing mounds for the firing range. Good condition areas are affected by partial clearing and weed invasion of the understorey.

The condition of the bushland could be improved through ongoing management of the locally significant weeds identified at section 5.13. This would need to be complimented with planting of native seedlings in degraded portions of the site. Preference should be given to the establishment of more common mid storey such as Allocasuarina humilis, Xylomelum occidentalis and canopy species such as Tuarts, Peppermints, Marris and Banksia attenuata as these will restore some of the vegetation structure and provide habitat for threatened fauna species.

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Figure 10 Vegetation Units

Figure 10: Vegetation Units

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8.10 Key vegetation and flora requirements for threatened species

8.10.1 Western Ringtail Possums It is possible that Western Ringtail Possums may inhabit the survey area. The vegetation unit identified within the survey area and described in Section 8.6 provides a reasonable match for the preferred habitat requirements of WRP as it comprises a mosaic of eucalypt woodlands and forest with a varying presence of peppermint (DEWHA, 2009). This is consistent with EPBC significant impact guidelines for WRP, which identifies the survey area as occurring within supporting habitat area for WRP.

Table 17 shows that if vegetation on site is cleared, there is likely to be a significant impact on supporting habitat for WRP according to the EPBC Act referral guidelines. It is therefore recommended that any proposal involving the clearing of native vegetation at the site be referred to the Department of Environment and Protection for determination under the EPBC Act prior to clearing.

Table 17: Supporting habitat Significant Impact Thresholds for clearing of remnant vegetation within the survey area Threshold: clearing in a remnant habitat patch that is greater than 0.5 hectares in size Significant impact threshold is exceeded: Supporting remnant habitat is 1.08 hectares in size, 0.57 hectares of which is in good condition. Threshold: clearing of more than 50% of a remnant habitat patch that is between 0.2 and 0.5 hectares in size N.A. Habitat patch is greater than 0.5ha in size. Threshold: fragmentation of existing habitat linkages. It is unlikely that there will be a significant impact on existing habitat linkages at site given its currently degraded nature and location at the periphery of larger tracts of adjacent vegetation. It is noted however that fauna may utilise the area as a corridor between upland dry habitat and lowland dampland communities. Further zoological surveys may be required to ascertain the value of this habitat as a habitat linkage.

8.10.2 Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos

Flora species recorded within the survey area may in theory provide breeding, night roosting and foraging habitat for threatened species of black cockatoos, as outlined in Table 18 below:

Table 18: Flora species used by threatened black cockatoos within the survey area (N.B. inferred from DSEWPaC [2012] Signfiicant Impact Guidelines) Key flora within survey Baudins Carnaby’s Forest red-tailed area Tuart Possible breeding, Possible breeding Possible breeding and roosting and foraging night roosting habitat habitat

Marri Possible breeding, Possible breeding and Possible breeding night roosting and foraging foraging habitat roosting and foraging habitat. Marri is habitat preferred forage.

*Eucalyptus citriodora Possible night roosting Banksia attenuata, Possible forage Possible forage

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Key flora within survey Baudins Carnaby’s Forest red-tailed area Xylomelon occidentalis Allocasuarina humilis Possible forage Anigozanthos flavidus Possible forage

In determining the significance of a potential impact on these species, it is useful to consult DSEWPaC’s (2012) Referal Guidelines, as outlined below:

Referral Guidelines for Threatened Species of Black Cockatoos (DSEWPaC 2012) High risk of significant impacts: referral recommended  Clearing of any known nesting tree  Clearing or degradation of any part of a vegetation community known to contain breeding habitat –( suitable tree species with a suitable nest hollow or of a suitable diameter at breast height (DBH) to develop a nest hollow. For most tree species, suitable DBH I 500 mm.  Clearing of more than 1 ha of quality foraging habitat  Clearing or degradation (including pruning the top canopy) of a known night roosting site.  Creating a gap of greater than 4 km between patches of black cockatoo habitat  (breeding, foraging or roosting).

Uncertainty: referral recommended or contact the department  Degradation (such as through altered hydrology or fire regimes) of more than 1 ha of foraging habitat. Significance will depend on the level and extent of degradation and the quality of the habitat.  Clearing or disturbance in areas surrounding black cockatoo breeding, foraging or night roosting habitat that has the potential to degrade habitat through introduction of invasive species, edge effects, hydrological changes, increased human visitation or fire.  Actions that do not directly affect the listed species but that have the potential for indirect impacts such as increasing competitors for nest hollows.  Actions with the potential to introduce known plant diseases such as Phytophthora spp. to an area where the pathogen was not previously known. Low risk of significant impacts: referral may not be required  Actions that do not affect black cockatoo habitat or individuals.  Actions whose impacts occur outside the modelled distribution of the three black cockatoos

In view of this information, it is possible that the clearing of vegetation onsite may have an impact on the black cockatoos such that would warrant approval under the EPBC Act. As such, should the clearing of native vegetation onsite be proposed, it is recommended that specialist zoological surveys are first undertaken at the site to quantify the likely impacts on the black cockatoos against the referal guidelines.

9. Conclusion and Recommendations

The findings of the Level 2 Spring Flora and Vegetation Survey conducted at Lot 70 Winthrop Avenue, College Grove during spring and early summer of 2014 are provided as follows:

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 No Declared Rare Flora Species listed under Section 23 F of the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 or Priority flora species as listed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) were located within the survey area.  No flora protected under the Commonwealth Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) were recorded within the survey area.  Key flora species that may provide habitat for the threatened Western Ringtail Possum (WRP) and threatened species of black cockatoo protected under the EPBC Act were identified within the survey area. Key flora for Western Ringtail Possums include Peppermint Agonis flexuosa and key flora for the black cockatoos include Marri, Tuart, Jarrah, Banksia species and introduced Lemon Scented Gums.  The survey area is identified as occurring within the Karrakatta Complex - Central and South which is mapped to be at 23.92% of its pre-European extent. A single vegetation unit was identified within the survey area. This is described as: Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Forest over Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa and Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland over Allocasuarina humilis Tall Open Shrubland over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Shrubland over *Briza maxima Grassland over mixed Open Herbland.

The mapped vegetation unit is inferred to represent the Floristic Community Type 25 (FCT 25) Southern Eucalyptus gomphocephala Agonis flexuosa woodlands which is listed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife as a Priority 3(iii) ecological community.  The Department of Parks and Wildlife has recorded four Threatened Ecological Communities within a five kilometre radius of the survey area. None were identified as occurring at the site during the field survey and comparative analysis.  Vegetation condition within the survey area ranged from Completely Degraded to Good condition.  80 species of flora were recorded from the survey area from 30 families of which 19 were recognised as weeds.  No declared pest plants under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 or recognised Weeds of National Significance were recorded.  Five locally significant weed species were recorded from the survey area: *Leptospermum laevigatum, *Acacia iteaphylla, * Acacia longifolia, * Ehrharta calycina and *Freesia sp. Leptosperma laevigatum has a high priority for control with the other plants having a medium priority. These species should be controlled as resources allow.  Synaphea spinulosa was recorded as being potentially at its range end or near its range end extent within the survey area.  The survey area is contiguous with bushland that forms part of the Maidens to Preston River Regional Ecological Linkage.

Recommendations:  In order to avoid impacts on federally protected threatened fauna habitat and impacts on the depleted Karrakatta Complex – Central and South Vegetation Complex and the Priority 3(iii) listed floristic community type present at the survey area, it is recommended that vegetation clearing is avoided or minimised where possible.  Where vegetation clearing is required the following should be considered:

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. The clearing of native vegetation in Western Australia requires a Clearing Permit under the Environmental Protection Act 1986 unless the clearing is for an exempt purpose. Prior to any clearing of native vegetation at site, it is recommended that Department of Environment Regulation is contacted for advice on the need or otherwise for a clearing permit. . Approvals to clear vegetation providing habitat for the Western Ringtail Possum and threatened black cockatoo species may be required under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Prior to the clearing of native vegetation onsite, it is recommended the federal Department of the Environment is contacted for advice regarding any obligations under this Act. . The native vegetation onsite may play a role in stablising the steep slopes located at the east of the site. If this is cleared, alternative stabilising features may be required to prevent possible future soil erosion.  Locally significant weeds present at the survey area should be removed in order to prevent further impacts within the survey area and adjacent bushland.  Measures should be undertaken during any clearing or construction activities in order to avoid the introduction of declared pest plants, Weeds of National Significance or locally significant weeds as these may invade and degrade bushland in proximity to the site.  Synaphea spinulosa recorded at site as a potential Range Extension Flora should be identified to a subspecies level as the opportunity arises. Should this confirm that the occurrence represents a range extension for this species, it is recommended that the population be mapped and reported to the Department of Parks and Wildlife.

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10. References

Australian Weeds Committee (2012) Weeds of National Significance 2012. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra, ACT

Barnesby, B.A. and Proulx-Nixon, M.E. (2000) Land resources from Harvey to Capel on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia – Sheets 1 & 2. Land Resources Map 23/2. Agriculture Western Australia.

Beard, J.S., Chapman, A.R. and Gioia, P. (2000) Species richness and endemism in the Western Australian Flora. Journal of Biogeography 27:pp. 1257-1268.

Bureau of Meteorology (2015) Climate statistics for Australian Locations accessed online at http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009514.shtml, 24/04/2015

City of Bunbury (2007) Community Conservation Network Fact Sheet, Declared Plants in the City of Bunbury.

Department of Agriculture and Food (2015) Western Australian Organism list accessed on 9/03/2015 at https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/organisms?page=1

Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2009) Background Paper to EPBC Act Policy Statement 3.10 - Nationally Threatened Species and Ecological Communities Significant impact guidelines for the vulnerable western ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis) in the southern Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2013) Andrew Webb, South West Regional Botanist Priority and Threatened Flora Way Points for Bunbury.

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2007 – 2015) NatureMap: Mapping Western Australia's Biodiversity. Department of Parks and Wildlife. URL: http://naturemap.dpaw.wa.gov.au/

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014a) Request for Threatened and Priority Flora Information, Reference Number: 26-1214FL

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014b) Threatened and Priority Ecological Community buffers in WA, Reference Number: 19-01214EC

Department of Parks and Wildlife, (2014c) Western Australian Herbarium Database Search Results Request for Threatened and Priority Flora Information, Reference Number: 26-1214FL

Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014d) Pers Comm South West Regional Botanist.

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water Population and Communities (2012) Clay Pans of the Swan Coastal Plain EPBC Act Conservation Advice 6 March 2012.

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water Population and Communities (2012) EPBC Act referral guidelines for three threatened black cockatoo species: Carnaby’s cockatoo ( endangered) Calyptorhynchus latirostris, Baudin’s cockatoo ( vulnerable) Calyptorhynchus baudinii, Forest red- tailed black cockatoo (vulnerable) Calyptorhynchus banksii naso

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Department of the Environment (2015) EPBC Act Protected Matters Report , LGA City of Bunbury, 10/04/15

Env Australia (2013) Flora and Vegetation Assessment of Edith Cowan University, Bunbury

Environmental Protection Authority (2000) Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia, clearing of native vegetation, with particular reference to the agricultural area, Position Statement No 2.

Environmental Protection Authority (2003) Appendix 4 Ecological Linkages ( Regionally significant sequences of Ecological communities within and between the major landform elements) in the Greater Bunbury Region, A preliminary investigation of ecological linkages to support the EPA’s identification of regionally significant natural areas in the Greater Bunbury Region portion of the Swan Coastal Plain.

Environmental Protection Authority (2004) Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors ( in accordance with the Environmental Protection Act 1986) Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia No 51.

Environmental Protection Authority (2006) Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors ( in accordance with the Environmental Protection Act 1986) Level of Assessment for Proposals Affection Natural Areas Within the System 6 Region an Swan Coastal Plain Portion of the System 1 Region No. 10

Environmental Protection Authority (2008) Environmental Guidance for Planning and Development Guidance Statement No. 33.

Environmental Protection Authority (2011) Western Australian Government’s Environmental Offset Policy.

GHD (2010) Report for Stage 2 Woodcrest Rise, College Grove – Decontamination and Rehabilitation Management Plan. December 2010 (Ref: 61/25061/106133). GHD Pty Ltd.

Gibson, N. Keighery, B. J., Keighery, G.J. Burbidge, A.H and Lyons, M.N.(1994) A Floristic survey of the southern Swan Coastal Plain. Unpublished Report for the Australian Heritage Commission prepared by Department of Conservation and Land Management and the Conservation Council of Western Australia (Inc).

Hart, Simpson and Associates & B.K. Masters and Associates (1994) Development of Part of System 6 c70 South of the Maidens. Bunbury Endowment Land Part Lot 670, and Parts of Lots 301-4. Consultative Environmental Review.

Heddle, E.M., Lonragan, O.W. and Havel, J.J. (1980) Vegetation of the Darling System. In: Atlas of Natural Resources, Darling System, Western Australia. Department of Conservation and Environment, Western Australia.

Iron Bark Environmental (2011) Biodiversity Conservation Planning Project City of Bunbury Final Report June 2011

Keighery B. (1994) Bushland Plant Survey: A guide to Plant Community Survey for the Community, Wildflower Society of WA (Inc)

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Koch, B. (1989) Vegetation Survey of the Proposed Botanic Park, City of Bunbury, Prepared for the City of Bunbury.

Koch, B. (1990) Vegetation Survey of the Proposed Botanic Park, ‘Manea Park’ City of Bunbury: Supplementary survey of western and eastern extensions. Prepared for the City of Bunbury.

Molloy, S., O’Connor, T., Wood, J. and Wallrodt, S. (2007) Addendum for the South West Biodiversity Project Area, Western Australian Local Government Association, West Perth.

Onshore Environmental consultants (2007) Flora and Vegetation Survey Edith Cowan University South West Campus.

Perth Biodiversity Project (2010) 2010 Remnant Vegetation by Vegetation complex dataset for the Perth and Peel.

RPS (2010) Level 1 Spring Flora Suvery, Somerville Dr Intersection, College Grove for the City of Bunbury

Seddon G. (1972) Sense of Place a response to an environment the swan coastal plain western Australia, UWA Press,

Semeniuk V. (2000) Sedimentology and Holocene stratigraphy of Leschenault Inlet Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 83: 255-273

SW Herbarium Volunteer Group (2013) Katherine Chauhan Reserve, Parade Road/Sweeting Way/ Guille Fwy, City of Bunbury Vegetation and Flora Survey

Taylor R. and Burrell W. (1985) Bunbury Rifle Range Structure Plan for Bunbury City Council

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Appendix One – Definitions and Categories

Table 1: Department of Parks and Wildlife Definitions and Categories for Threatened Ecological Communities and Priority Ecological Communities Category Definition Threatened Ecological Communities Presumed Totally An ecological community that has been adequately searched for but for which no Destroyed (PD) representative occurrences have been located. The community has been found to be totally destroyed or so extensively modified throughout its range that no occurrence of it is likely to recover its species composition and/or structure in the foreseeable future. An ecological community will be listed as presumed totally destroyed if there are no recent records of the community being extant and either of the following applies ( A or B): A) Records within the last 50 years have not been confirmed despite thorough searches of known or likely habitats or B) All occurrences recorded within the last 50 years have since been destroyed Critically Endangered An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and found to have been (CR) subject to a major contraction in area and/or that was originally of limited distribution and is facing severe modification or destruction throughout its range in the immediate future, or is already severely degraded throughout its range but capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated. An ecological community will be listed as Critically Endangered when it has been adequately surveyed and is found to be facing an extremely high risk of total destruction in the immediate future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information, by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B or C): A) The estimated geographic range, and/or total area occupied, and/or number of discrete occurrences since European settlement have been reduced by at least 90% and either or both of the following apply (i or ii): i) geographic range, and/or total area occupied and/or number of discrete occurrences are continuing to decline such that total destruction of the community is imminent (within approximately 10 years); ii) modification throughout its range is continuing such that in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years) the community is unlikely to be capable of being substantially rehabilitated. B) Current distribution is limited, and one or more of the following apply (i, ii or iii): i) geographic range and/or number of discrete occurrences, and/or area occupied is highly restricted and the community is currently subject to known threatening processes which are likely to result in total destruction throughout its range in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years); ii) there are very few occurrences, each of which is small and/or isolated and extremely vulnerable to known threatening processes; iii) there may be many occurrences but total area is very small and each occurrence is small and/or isolated and extremely vulnerable to known threatening processes. C) The ecological community exists only as highly modified occurrences that may be capable of being rehabilitated if such work begins in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years).

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Category Definition Endangered (EN) An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and found to have been subject to a major contraction in area and/or was originally of limited distribution and is in danger of significant modification throughout its range or severe modification or destruction over most of its range in the near future. An ecological community will be listed as Endangered when it has been adequately surveyed and is not Critically Endangered but is facing a very high risk of total destruction in the near future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B, or C): A) The geographic range, and/or total area occupied, and/or number of discrete occurrences have been reduced by at least 70% since European settlement and either or both of the following apply (i or ii): i) the estimated geographic range, and/or total area occupied and/or number of discrete occurrences are continuing to decline such that total destruction of the community is likely in the short term future (within approximately 20 years); ii) modification throughout its range is continuing such that in the short term future (within approximately 20 years) the community is unlikely to be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated. B) Current distribution is limited, and one or more of the following apply (i, ii or iii): i) geographic range and/or number of discrete occurrences, and/or area occupied is highly restricted and the community is currently subject to known threatening processes which are likely to result in total destruction throughout its range in the short term future (within approximately 20 years); ii) there are few occurrences, each of which is small and/or isolated and all or most occurrences are very vulnerable to known threatening processes; iii) there may be many occurrences but total area is small and all or most occurrences are small and/or isolated and very vulnerable to known threatening processes. C) The ecological community exists only as very modified occurrences that may be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated if such work begins in the short-term future (within approximately 20 years).

Vulnerable (VU) An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and is found to be declining and/or has declined in distribution and/or condition and whose ultimate security has not yet been assured and/or a community that is still widespread but is believed likely to move into a category of higher threat in the near future if threatening processes continue or begin operating throughout its range. An ecological community will be listed as Vulnerable when it has been adequately surveyed and is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of total destruction or significant modification in the medium to long-term future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B or C): A) The ecological community exists largely as modified occurrences that are likely to be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated. B) The ecological community may already be modified and would be vulnerable to threatening processes, is restricted in area and/or range and/or is only found at a few locations. C) The ecological community may be still widespread but is believed likely to move into a category of higher threat in the medium to long term future because of existing or impending threatening processes.

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Category Definition Priority Ecological Communities Priority One Poorly-known ecological communities Ecological communities that are known from very few occurrences with a very restricted distribution (generally ≤5 occurrences or a total area of ≤ 100ha). Occurrences are believed to be under threat either due to limited extent, or being on lands under immediate threat (e.g. within agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, active mineral leases) or for which current threats exist. May include communities with occurrences on protected lands. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well-known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes across their range. Priority Two Poorly-known ecological communities Communities that are known from few occurrences with a restricted distribution (generally ≤10 occurrences or a total area of ≤200ha). At least some occurrences are not believed to be under immediate threat of destruction or degradation. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes.

Priority Three Poorly known ecological communities (i) Communities that are known from several to many occurrences, a significant number or area of which are not under threat of habitat destruction or degradation or: (ii) communities known from a few widespread occurrences, which are either large or with significant remaining areas of habitat in which other occurrences may occur, much of it not under imminent threat, or; (iii) communities made up of large, and/or widespread occurrences, that may or may not be represented in the reserve system, but are under threat of modification across much of their range from processes such as grazing by domestic and/or feral stock, and inappropriate fire regimes.

Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from several localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and/or are not well defined, and known threatening processes exist that could affect them. Priority Four Ecological communities that are adequately known, rare but not threatened or meet criteria for Near Threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list. These communities require regular monitoring.

(i) Rare. Ecological communities known from few occurrences that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These communities are usually represented on conservation lands. (ii) Near Threatened. Ecological communities that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. (iii) Ecological communities that have been removed from the list of threatened communities during the past five years.

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Category Definition Priority Five Conservation Dependent ecological communities Ecological communities that are not threatened but are subject to a specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the community becoming threatened within five years

Table 2: Threatened Ecological Communities under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999 Category Definition Critically endangered: If, at that time, an ecological community is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future (indicative timeframe being the next 10 years). Endangered: If, at that time, an ecological community is not critically endangered but is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future (indicative timeframe being the next 20 years). Vulnerable: If, at that time, an ecological community is not critically endangered or endangered, but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium–term future (indicative timeframe being the next 50 years).

Table 3: Department of Parks and Wildlife Definitions and Categories for Threatened and Priority Flora Conservation Code Category X Declared Rare Flora -Presumed Extinc t species “Species which have been adequately searched for and there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died, and have been gazetted as such.” T Declared Rare Flora -Threatened Species “Species which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be, in the wild, either rare, at risk of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such.”

P1 Priority One – Poorly Known Species “Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less) which are potentially at risk. All occurrences are either: very small; or on lands not managed for conservation, e.g. agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, road and rail reserves, gravel reserves and active mineral leases; or otherwise under threat of habitat destruction or degradation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey.” P2 Priority Two – Poorly Known Species

“Species that are known from one or a few locations (generally five or less), some of which are on lands managed primarily for nature conservation, e.g. national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves and other lands with secure tenure being managed for conservation. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes. Such species are in urgent need of further survey.” P3 Priority Three – Poorly Known Species

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Species that are known from several locations, and the species does not appear to be under imminent threat, or from few but widespread locations with either large population size or significant remaining areas of apparently suitable habitat, much of it not under imminent threat. Species may be included if they are comparatively well known from several locations but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and known threatening processes exist that could affect them. Such species are in need of further survey. P4 Priority Four: Rare, Near Threatened and other species in need of monitoring (a) Rare. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These species are usually represented on conservation lands. (b) Near Threatened. Species that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. (c) Species that have been removed from the list of threatened species during the past five years for reasons other than . P5 Priority Five: Conservation Dependent species “Species that are not threatened but are subject to a specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the species becoming threatened within five years. “ Source Department of Parks and Wildlife (2014) Conservation Codes For Western Australian Flora and Fauna, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Western Australia. http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened- species/Listings/Conservation_code_definitions.pdf

Table 4: Declared Pests Categories under the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 Category Definition C1 category Pests will be assigned to this category if they are not established in Western Australia (Exclusion) and control measures are to be taken, including border checks, in order to prevent them entering and establishing in the State. C2 category Pests will be assigned to this category if they are present in Western Australia in low (Eradication) enough numbers or in sufficiently limited areas that their eradication is still feasible. C3 category Pests will be assigned to this category if they are established in Western Australia but (Management) it is feasible, or desirable, to manage them in order to limit their damage. Control measures can prevent a C3 pest from increasing in population size or density or moving from an area in which it is established into an area which currently is free of that pest.

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Table 5: Keighery \ 1994 Bushland Condition Scale Condition Rating Description Pristine 1 No obvious signs of disturbance Vegetation structure intact, disturbance only affecting individual species and Excellent 2 weeds are nonaggressivespecies Vegetation structure altered, obvious signs of disturbance e.g. repeated fires, Very Good 3 aggressive weeds, dieback, logging and grazing.

Good Vegetation structure altered, obvious signs of disturbance. Retains basic 4 vegetation structure or ability to regenerate it. The presence of very aggressive weeds at high density, partial clearing, dieback, logging and grazing. Basic vegetation structure severely impacted by disturbance. Requires intensive Degraded management. 5 The presence of very aggressive weeds at high density, partial clearing, dieback, logging and grazing.

Completely Vegetation structure is no longer intact and the area is completely or almost 6 Degraded completely without native flora. ‘Parkland Cleared’.

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Appendix Two – Vegetation Clearing Principles

Clearing principles:

Native vegetation should not be cleared if: (a) it comprises a high level of diversity of plant species; (b) it comprises the whole or part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of, a significant habitat for fauna indigenous to Western Australia; (c) it includes, or is necessary for the continued existence of, flora declared to be rare under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950; (d) it comprises the whole or part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of, an ecological community declared under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) as threatened, endangered or vulnerable; (e) it is significant as a remnant of native vegetation in an area that has been extensively cleared; (f) it is growing in, or in association with, an environment associated with a watercourse or wetland; (g) the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause appreciable land degradation; (h) the clearing of the vegetation is likely to have an impact on the environmental values of any conservation park, national park, nature reserve, marine nature reserve, marine park or marine management area; (i) the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause deterioration in the quality of surface or underground water; or (j) the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause, or exacerbate, the incidence or intensity of flooding.

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Appendix Three – Flora Quadrat and Releve Data

Quadrat Data

Figure 1: Vegetation within survey quadrat

Site: L70S1 Described by: Colin Spencer Dates: 26/09/2014, 21/10/2014 Quadrat Location: Intact remnant bushland patch east of Trinity Rise and north of Winthrop Avenue MGA Zone: 50 Location of NE stake: 374260 mE 630 6092 mN

Habitat: Soil: Surface: pale yellow sand Subsurface: yellow sand Leaf Litter: 20% Depth: Bare Ground: 10% Drainage: Well drained Vegetation: Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Forest over Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa and Xylomelum occidentalis Low Woodland over Allocasuarina humilis Tall Open Shrubland over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Shrubland over *Briza maxima Grassland over mixed Open Herbland. Vegetation Condition: Good, partial clearing of understorey evident, lots of introduced weeds. Fire Age: Greater than 10 years?? Notes: Kangaroos observed to be using the area.

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Table 2: Quadrat Species List No Family Plant Species Cover Abundance

1 Araliaceae Trachymene pilosa 2 2 Arnarthriaceae Lyginia barbata 1 3 Asparagaceae Chamaescilla corymbosa 2 4 Asparagaceae Dichopogon capillipes 2 5 Asparagaceae Lomandra caepitosa 2 6 Asparagaceae Sowerbaea laxiflora 1 7 Asteraceae Asteridia pulverulenta 2 8 Asteraceae *Hypochaeris glabra 2 9 Asteraceae Podolepis gracilis 2 10 Asteraceae *Ursinia anthemoides 2 11 Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina humilis 2 12 Colchicaceae Burchardia congesta 2 13 Lepidosperma squamatum 1 14 Dilleniaceae Hibbertia hypericoides 3 15 Droseraceae Drosera erythrorhiza 2 16 Droseraceae Drosera pallida 1 17 Fabaceae Bossiaea eriocarpa 2 18 Fabaceae Hardenbergia comptoniana 1 19 Fabaceae Hovea trisperma 1 20 Fabaceae Isotropis cuneifolia 1 21 Fabaceae *Lotus angustissimus 1 22 Anigozanthos humilis 1 23 Haemodoraceae Conostylis aculeata 2 24 Hemerocallidaceae Caesia micrantha 2 25 Iridaceae Orthrosanthus laxus 1 26 Iridaceae Patersonia occidentalis 2 27 Iridaceae *Romulea rosea 2 28 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus marginata adjacent 29 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus gomphocephla adjacent 30 Orchidaceae Caladenia flava 2 31 Orchidaceae Pyrochis nigricans 2 32 Orchidaceae Thelymitra benthamiana 1 33 Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus calycinus 2 34 Poaceae *Aira campanulata 1 35 Poaceae Austrastipa flavescens 2 36 Poaceae *Briza maxima 2 37 Poaceae *Bromus diandrus 2 38 Poaceae *Ehrharta calycina 2 39 Primulaceae *Lysimachia arvensis 2 40 Banksia attenuata adjacent 41 Proteaceae Xylomelon occidentale adjacent 42 Restionaceae Desmocladus flexuosa 2 43 Stylidiaceae Levenhookia stipitata 2 44 Zamiaceae Macrozamia riedlei 1

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Releve Data

Figure 2: Vegetation with characteristic of releve location

Figure 3: vegetation with characteristic of releve location

Described by: Colin Spencer, Tenealle Nichols Dates: 21/10/2014 Releve Location: Intact remnant bushland patch east of Trinity Rise and north of Winthrop Avenue MGA Zone: 50 Location of NE stake: 374260 mE 630 6092 mN

Habitat: Slope: West facing Soil: Surface: pale yellow sand Subsurface: yellow sand Leaf Litter: 10% Depth: Bare Ground: 40% Drainage: Well drained

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Vegetation: Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata over *Leptospermum laevigatum Tall Open Shrubland over Daviesia divaricata Shrubland over Synaphea spinulosa Low Open Shrubland over *Briza maxima Grassland. Vegetation Condition: Degraded, Understorey storey species noticeably absent and invaded by grass weeds. Fire Age: Greater than 10 years?? Notes: This vegetation association is most likely a degraded from of the adjacent vegetation association described above. Daviesia divaricata and Synaphea spinulosa may have colonised the site following historic clearing activities.

Table 2: Releve Species List No Family Plant Species

1 Araliaceae Trachymene pilosa 2 Arnarthriaceae Lyginia barbata 3 Asparagaceae Lomandra caepitosa 4 Asteraceae *Hypochaeris glabra 5 Asteraceae *Ursinia anthemoides 6 Cyperaceae Lepidosperma squamatum 7 Droseraceae Drosera pallida 8 Fabaceae Hardenbergia comptoniana 9 Fabaceae *Lotus angustissimus 10 Fabaceae Daviesia divaricata 11 Haemodoraceae Conostylis aculeata 12 Iridaceae *Romulea rosea 13 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus marginata 14 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus gomphocephla 15 Myrtaceae Leptospemum laevigatum 16 Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus calycinus 17 Poaceae Cynodon dactylon 18 Poaceae *Briza maxima 19 Poaceae *Bromus diandrus 20 Poaceae *Ehrharta calycina 21 Primulaceae *Lysimachia arvensis 22 Proteaceae Banksia attenuata 23 Proteaceae Xylomelun occidentale 24 Proteaceae Synaphea spinulosa 25 Restionaceae Desmocladus flexuosa 26 Zamiaceae Macrozamia riedlei

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Appendix Four – List of vascular flora identified across the survey area

FAMILY TAXON COMMON NAME INTRODUCED Apocynaceae Alyxia buxifolia

Araliaceae Trachymene pilosa native parsnip

Arnarthriaceae Lyginia barbata

Asparagaceae Chamaescilla corymbosa blue squill Dichopogon capillipes Lomandra caepitosa Sowerbaea laxiflora purple tassels Thysanotus arenarius

Asphodeliaceae Trachyandra divaricata dune onion weed x

Asteraceae Asteridia pulverulenta *Hypochaeris glabra smooth cats ear x Podolepis gracilis slender podolepis Ursinia anthemoides ursinia

Brassicaceae Raphanus raphanistrum wild radish x

Caryophyllaceae Petrohargia velutina x

Casuarina Allocasuarina humilis dwarf sheok

Colchicaceae Burchardia congesta mildmaids

Cyperaceae Lepidosperma squamatum Tetraria octandra

Dilleniaceae Hibbertia cunieformis Hibbertia hypericoides yellow buttercups

Droseraceae Drosera erythrorhiza red ink sundew Drosera pallida

Ericaceae Astroloma pallidum Leucopogon capitellatus

Fabaceae Acacia cyclops x Acacia iteaphylla Flinders wattle x

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FAMILY TAXON COMMON NAME INTRODUCED Acacia longifolia Sydney golden wattle x Acacia pulchella Prickly Moses Bossiaea eriocarpa Davesia divaricata Gompholobium tomentosum Hardenbergia comptoniana Native wisteria Hovea trisperma Common hovea Isotropis cuneifolia Granny’s bonnets Kennedia prostrata Running postman Lotus angustissimus x Lupinus angustifolius Narrow-leaf lupin x

Haemodoraceae Anigozanthos humilis Cats paw Anigozanthos manglesii Mangle’s kangaroo paw Conostylis aculeata

Hemerocallidaceae Agrostocrinum scabrum Blue grass lily Caesia micrantha Corynotheca micrantha Dianella revoluta Dianella

Iridaceae Freesia Freesia x Orthrosanthus laxus Morning iris Patersonia occidentalis Purple flags *Romulea rosea Guildford grass x

Lamiaceae Hemiandra linearis

Myrtaceae Agonis flexuosa Peppermint Callistemon viminalis x Corymbia calophylla Marri Eucalyptus citriodora Lemon scented gum x Eucalyptus gomphocephla Tuart Eucalyptus marginata Jarrah Leptospermum laevigatum Victorian teatree

Orbanchaceae Orobanche minor Lesser broome rape x

Orchidaceae Caladenia flava Cowslip orchid Microtis media Common mignonette orchid Pyrochis nigricans Red beak orchid Thelymitra benthamiana Leopard orchic

Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus calycinus

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FAMILY TAXON COMMON NAME INTRODUCED

Poaceae Aira cupaniana x Austrastipa flavescens Briza maxima x Bromus diandrus Great brome x Cynodon dactylon Couch grass x Ehrharta calycina Perennial veldt grass x

Primulaceae Lysimachia arvensis Scarlet pimpernel x

Proteaceae Banksia attenuata Candle stick banksia Synaphea spinulosa Xylomelon occidentale Woody pear

Restionaceae Desmocladus flexuosa

Rutaceae Diplolaena dampieri Southern diplolaena

Stylidiaceae Levenhookia stipitata

Violaceae Hybanthus calycina Native violet

Zamiaceae Macrozamia riedlei Zamia palm

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Appendix Five – Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

Code Name Classification EPBC Community Description Likelihood Status SCP09 Dense shrublands on clay Vulnerable CE This vegetation community type is shrublands or low open woodlands on clay flats that are inundated for long periods Unlikely, recorded within one km of study flats because it usually occurs very low in the landscape. Sedges are more apparent in this ecological community and include area, however vegetation and soil type is Chorizandra enodis (black bristlerush), Cyathochaeta avenacea, Lepidosperma longitudinale (pithy sword-sedge) and unlikely to be similar. Meeboldina coangustata. Shrubs include (variable-leaved hakea) and Melaleuca viminea and occasionally Xanthorrhoea preissii, Xanthorrhoea drummondii (grass trees) and Kingia australis. This vegetation community type has a lower species richness and weed frequency than in the other clay pan community types, presumably because of the longer inundation times. (TSSC 2012k) SCP08 Herb rich shrublands in Vulnerable CE This vegetation community type occurs in low lying flats with a clay impeding layer allowing seasonal inundation. While Unlikely, located within 250 m of study area, clay pans aquatic annuals are common, the pools are probably not inundated to the same depth or for the same length of time as in however vegetation and soil type is unlikely ecological community type 7. to be similar. This vegetation community type is dominated by one or more of the shrubs: Viminaria juncea, Melaleuca viminea, M. lateritia (robin redbreast bush), broom bush, micrantha or K. recurva with occasional emergents of Eucalyptus wandoo (wandoo). Species such as Hypocalymma angustifolium (white myrtle), Acacia lasiocarpa var. bracteolata long variant (G. J. Keighery 5026) and Verticordia huegelii (variegated featherflower) occur at moderate frequencies. This vegetation community type has a high percentage of weeds and appears to be the clay pan vegetation community type that has the greatest disturbance. (TSSC 2012k)

Twenty two occurrences of this community known statewide totalling approximately 140 hectares, CALM 2005.

SCP18 Shrublands on calcareous Vulnerable ? Two occurrences are known statewide totalling approximately 20 hectares, CALM 2005 Possible, Located within 250m of study area. silts of the Swan Coastal It is possible that vegetation and soil type Plain may be similar. SCP07 Herb rich saline Vulnerable CE This vegetation community type occurs on heavy clay soils that are generally inundated from winter to mid summer. In early Unlikely, located within one km of study shrublands in clay pans spring many of the sites in this vegetation community are covered by free water up to 30 cm deep. Aquatic species are area, however vegetation and soil type is common in this vegetation community early in the growing season. Cotula coronopifolia (water buttons) can form yellow unlikely to be similar. floating mats in some pools while others are dominated by Ornduffia submersa. As the wetland dries a succession of species such as Centrolepis spp. and annual Stylidium spp. (trigger plants) successively germinate, grow and , resulting in an extended flowering period of over three months. Structurally this vegetation community type is quite variable ranging from woodlands to herblands, the most common overstorey taxa being Melaleuca viminea, M. uncinata (broom bush), M. cuticularis (saltwater paperbark) or Casuarina obesa (swamp sheoak). The species saltwater paperbark and swamp sheoak may indicate some saline influence for at least some part of the year. Typical species in the understorey include the common herbs Brachyscome bellidioides, Centrolepis polygyna (wiry centrolepis), and water buttons. In addition, species such as Angianthus aff. drummondii, Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. palustre ms, and Blennospora drummondii occur in low frequency (<50%) and are absent from the other four vegetation community types (SCP08, SCP09, SCP10a and 117),. ( TSSC 2012k) Relictual Relictual White Mangrove P1 Not Unlikely, located within five km of study White Community (Leschenault listed area, however vegetation and soil type is Mangrove Inlet) higly unlikely to be similar. Community SCP21b Southern Banksia P3(i) Not This community is restricted to sand sheets at the base of the Whicher Scarp, the sand sheets on elevated ridges or the sand Likely, located within one kilometre of the attenuata woodlands listed plain south of Bunbury. Structurally, this community type is normally Banksia attenuata or Eucalyptus marginata – B. study area with possible similar habitat attenuata woodlands. Common taxa include Acacia extensa, Jacksonia sp. Busselton, Laxmannia sessiliflora, Lysinema ciliatum and Johnsonia acaulis. (TSSC 2012k) SCP29a Coastal shrublands on P3(ii) Not Mostly heaths on shallow sands over limestone close to the coast. No single dominant but important species include Possible, Located within five km of the study shallow sands listed Spyridium globulosum, Rhagodia baccata, and Olearia axillaris. (TSSC 2012k) area with possible similar habitat

SCP25 Southern Eucalyptus P3(iii) Not Woodlands of Eucalyptus gomphocephala - Agonis flexuosa south of Woodman Point. Recorded from the Karrakatta, Likely, located within 250 m of the study gomphocephala-Agonis listed Cottesloe and Vasse units. Dominants other than tuart were occasionally recorded, including Corymbia calophylla at Paganoni area with possible similar habitat flexuosa woodlands block and Eucalyptus decipiens at Kemerton. Tuart formed the overstorey nearby however. (TSSC 2012k)

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Code Name Classification EPBC Community Description Likelihood Status CE: Critically Endangered E: Endangered

References: Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC), 2012k [Listing Advice].EPBC Advice to the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee (the Committee) on an Amendment to the list of Threatened Ecological Communities under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

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Appendix Six – Threatened and Priority Flora Database Search Results DPaW State EPBC Likelihood of occurrence in the No Family Species Plant description General habitat Information (WAH, DPaW 2014) Associated vegetation Status Rank Status study area Rush-like, erect or Possible, recorded within 5 km Winter wet grey sand. This species has a geographical range sprawling shrub, 0.3-0.75(- radius of the study area in similar 1 Fabaceae Acacia flagelliformis2,3,4,5 P4 of less than 100 km and extends from Harvey to Busselton, 1.6) m high. Fl. yellow, May habitat. Koch 1990). to Sep. Slender, erect, pungent Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km shrub, (0.1-0.2-0.7(-1.5) m White/grey sand, sometimes over laterite, clay. Sandplains, of the study area and suitable 2 Fabaceae Acacia semitrullata2,3,5 P4 high. Fl. cream-white, May swampy areas. habitat not known to occur within to Oct. the study area. White/grey sand, sandy clay, gravelly loam. Winter-wet Often on duplex soils supporting Slender erect or open Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km areas, near swamps. low open heath vegetation with straggly shrub, 0.1-0.5(-1) of the study area and suitable 3 Ericaceae Andersonia gracilis1 T EN Currently known from the Badgingarra, Dandaragan and species such as Calothamnus m high. Flowers white- habitat not known to occur within Kenwick areas where it is found on seasonally damp, black hirsutus, Verticordia densiflora and pink-purple, Sep to Nov. the study area. sandy clay flats near or on the margins of swamps. Kunzea recurva over sedges. Melaleuca viminea Open Scrub, over an Open Grassland of mixed Flat wetland site. Surface soil dark grey clay. Subsurface soil Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Erect annual, herb, to 0.1 grasses, and a Herbland of mixed Angianthus light grey clay, with ironstone rock at a depth of 20cm. study area but suitable habitat is 4 Asteraceae P3 m high. Fl. yellow, Oct to herbs, and Isolepis cernua, drummondii2,4,5 Poorly drained. Litter cover 20%, to a depth of 1cm. Bare not known to occur within the Dec. Centrolepis polygyna and ground 25%. study area. Centrolepis aristata Very Open Sedgeland. Rhizomatous or cormous, Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Mud. Freshwater: ponds, rivers, claypans. Grows in Aponogeton aquatic perennial, herb, study area but suitable habitat is 5 Aponogetonaceae P4 freshwater ephemeral pools that contain water for 3 to 4 hexatepalus2,3,4 leaves floating. Flowers not known to occur within the months a year. green-white, Jul to Oct. study area. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of study area but suitable habitat is 6 Poaceae Austrostipa bronwenae 4 T CR not known to occur within the study area. Melaleuca mixed tall shrubland (M. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of viminea, M. lateriflora, M. incana, study area but suitable habitat is 7 Poaceae Austrostipa jacobsiana2,3,5 T CR CR Winter wet flats. Grey sandy clay. M. rhaphiophylla) over Gahnia not known to occur within the trifida sedgeland. study area. Swamp Honeypot has subpopulations in two disjunct areas: Dense, erect, non- Beenup and Busselton, Western Australia. Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km Banksia nivea subsp. lignotuberous shrub, 0.2- of the study area and suitable 8 Proteaceae T EN ulignosa1 1.5 m high. Fl. yellow- Swamp Honeypot is confined to orange clay loam over habitat not known to occur within brown, Aug to Sep. laterite and sandy areas within winter-wet southern the study area. ironstones. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Erect annual herb, to 0.15 study area but suitable habitat is 9 Asteraceae Blennospora doliiformis5 P3 m high Fl. Yellow, Oct to Winter wet flats not known to occur within the Nov. study area. Grey or brown sand, clay loam. Throughout its range the species tends to favour areas of Caladenia huegelii occurs in areas Tuberous, perennial, herb, Possible, not recorded within 5km dense undergrowth. Soil is usually deep grey-white sand of mixed Jarrah/Banksia woodland 0.25-0.6 m high. Flowers radius of the study area but 10 Orchidaceae Caladenia hueglii1 T CR EN usually associated with the Bassendean sand-dune system. from just north of Perth to the green & cream & red, Sep suitable habitat may occur within However, rare plants have been known to extend into the Busselton area, usually within 20 to Oct. the study area. Spearwood system (in which calcareous yellow sands km of the coast. dominate) in some areas. Low woodland of Jarrah, Marri, Sand. Sandy rises bordering ephemeral swampy drainage Banksia attenuata and Xylomelum Tuberous, perennial, herb, lines. Loam. Flat, swampy terrain. Black sand. Paperbark bordered by B. littoralis. In Marri Possible, recorded within 5 km 11 Orchidaceae Caladenia speciosa2,3,4,5 P4 0.35-0.6 m high. Fl. white- swamp at base of sand ridge. Black sand. forest over Paperbark, regenerating radius of the study area in similar pink, Sep to Oct. heath and herbs. Woodland of habitat. Jarrah, Marri, Banksia attenuata, B. grandis and Xylomelum over dense

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DPaW State EPBC Likelihood of occurrence in the No Family Species Plant description General habitat Information (WAH, DPaW 2014) Associated vegetation Status Rank Status study area herbs. Growing in Jarrah, Marri, Banksia attenuata, Nutysia and Melaleuca woodland over dense herbs. Vegetation: Eucalyptus calophylla, Soil: Grey sand. Topography/drainage: Well drained gentle N E. marginata Low Woodland A over facing slope. Geomorphology: Bassendean sands over Daviesia physodes, Jacksonia guildford formation. ?sternbergiana Low Scrub B over Xanthorrhoea preissii, Hibbertia

In grey-black sand on gently undulating terrain. hypericoides Dwarf Scrub C over Phlebocarya ciliata Open Herbs. This species is confined to the Yarloop-Busselton coastal plain area, (Koch 1990) Growing in recently burnt Marri over herbs and grasses. Tufted annual, herb Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km (forming a rounded White sand, clay. Salt flats, wet areas. Centrolepis caespitosa of the study area and suitable 12 Centrolepidaceae Centrolepis caespitosa1 P4 EN cushion up to 25 mm occurs in winter-wet clay pans dominated by low shrubs and habitat not known to occur within across). Flowers Oct to sedges the study area. Dec. Erect, or spreading, shrub to 0.7 m high, often using other shrubs for support. Grey or white sand, swampy, seasonally wet sites. Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km Young branches are The Muchea Bell is known from three populations in of the study area and suitable 13 Myrtaceae Darwinia foetida1 T EN CR slender, green-brown with swampy, seasonally wet habitat in the Muchea area, habitat not known to occur within prominent, decurrent leaf approximately 70km north of Perth. the study area. bases, becoming grey and woody. Flowers green, Oct to Nov. Low-lying depressions, swamps. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Tuberous, perennial, herb, Tall Donkey Orchid is found in low-lying depressions in peaty study area but suitable habitat is 14 Orchidaceae Diuris drummondii1,2,3,4,5 T VU VU 0.5-1.05 m high. Flowers and sandy clay swamps. It is not unusual to see the plants not known to occur within the yellow, Nov to Dec or Jan. standing in several centimetres of water, even during the study area. summer flowering period Brown loamy clay. Winter-wet swamps, in shallow water. Dwarf Bee-orchid is known from seven populations, from Tuberous, perennial, herb, east of Kwinana and south towards the Frankland area, Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km 0.3-0.6 m high. Flowers Western Australia. It is found in small populations, on dark, of the study area and suitable 15 Orchidaceae Diuris micrantha1 T VU VU yellow & brown, Sep to grey to blackish, sandy clay-loam substrates in winter wet habitat not known to occur within Oct. depressions or swamps. Usually in sedges and scattered the study area. shrubs. The bases of the flowering plants are often covered with shallow water Grey-black sand, moist. Winter-wet swamps. Found Possible, not recorded within 5km Tuberous, perennial, herb, between Perth and Yarloop. It grows on sand to sandy clay radius of the study area but 16 Orchidaceae Diuris purdiei1 T EN EN 0.15-0.35 m high. Flowers soils, in areas subject to winter inundation, and amongst suitable habitat may occur within yellow, Sep to Oct. native sedges and dense heath and emergent trees the study area. Tuberous, perennial, herb, Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km White or grey sand. Low-lying situations adjoining winter- Preferred habitat of low-lying areas 0.12-0.3 m high. Flowers of the study area and suitable 17 Orchidaceae Drakaea elastica1 T CR EN wet swamps. of deep sand supporting banksia red & green & yellow, Oct habitat not known to occur within woodland or spearwood thicket. to Nov. the study area. White-grey sand. The species is usually found in cleared fire breaks or open It occurs in infertile grey sands, in Possible, not recorded within 5km Tuberous, perennial, herb, sandy patches that have been disturbed, and where Banksia, Jarrah and Common radius of the study area but 18 Orchidaceae Drakaea micrantha T EN VU 0.15-0.3 m high. Flowers competition from other plants has been removed. It occurs Sheoak woodland and thickets of suitable habitat may occur within red & yellow, Sep to Oct. in infertile grey sands, in Banksia, Jarrah and Common Spearwood. the study area. Sheoak woodland and thickets of Spearwood. Possible, recorded within 5 km Erect perennial herb 0.15 - Eryngium pinnatifidum Usually on sand near limestone or granite in heath or radius of the study area in similar 19 Apiaceae P3 0.5 m high, Flowers white / subsp. Palustre6 woodland, sometimes in winter wet areas. habitat. blue

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DPaW State EPBC Likelihood of occurrence in the No Family Species Plant description General habitat Information (WAH, DPaW 2014) Associated vegetation Status Rank Status study area Possible, recorded within 5 km Tree, 5-20 m high, bark Eucalyptus rudis subsp. radius of the study area in similar 20 Myrtaceae P4 rough, box-type. Fl. white, River bank. Loam. Flats, hillsides. Cratyantha2,5 habitat. Jul to Sep.

White sandy soils over laterite, orange/brown-red clay over ironstone. Flats to foothills, winter-wet sites. subsp. occidentalis is known from a Prickly, much-branched, single wild population at the base of the Whicher Range Unlikely, not recorded within 5 km Lambertia echinata subsp. non-lignotuberous shrub, where it is confined to highly restricted ironstone habitat. of the study area and suitable 21 Proteaceae T CR EN Occidentalis1 to 3 m high. Flowers The habitat is a winter-wet area of shrubland over shallow habitat not known to occur within yellow, Feb or Apr or Dec. sandy soils over ironstone. The plant association in which the study area. the taxon occurs is the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) ‘Shrublands on southern Swan Coastal Plain Ironstones’, which is ranked Critically Endangered. Valley. Grey sand., Sand over limestone. Tuart over Jarrah. With Agonis Multi-stemmed shrub, 0.2- Possible, recorded within 5 km Lasiopetalum This species occurs in Tuart Woodland near the coast from flexuosa, Xylomelum occidentale, 22 Malvaceae P3 1 m high. Fl. pink-blue- radius of the study area in similar membranaceum2,3,4,5 Yalgorup National Park south to Capel. Also recorded from Banksia attenuata, Conostylis purple, Sep to Dec. habitat. Dwelingup. aculeata.

Perennial, herb, to 0.3 m Possible, recorded within 5 km Platysace 23 Apiaceae P3 high. Fl. white-cream, Oct On sand slightly elevated above swamp. Marri woodland. radius of the study area in similar ramosissima2,3,4,5 to Nov. habitat. Possible, recorded within 5 km Tuberous, herb, to 0.35 m Calcareous sand with limestone, laterite. Flatlands and 24 Orchidaceae Pterostylis frenchii4 P2 radius of the study area in similar high, with rosette leaves. gentle slopes. habitat. 25 Poaceae Puccinellia vassica2,4 P1 Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Slender shrub, 1-2 m high. Sandy or clayey soils. Winter-wet depressions. Has a study area but suitable habitat is 26 Fabaceae Pultenaea skinneri2,4,5 P4 Fl. yellow/orange & red, Jul geographical range of less than 100 km and extends from In Jarrah - Banksia community. not known to occur within the to Sep. Binningup south to Boyanup and east to Collie (Koch 1990). study area. Melalueca preissiana Low Woodland A over Pericalymma Tufted perennial, grass-like Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Soil: Grey sandy clay. Topography/drainage: Seasonally wet ellipticum, Hibbertia stellaris Dwarf or herb (sedge), 0.15-0.45 study area but suitable habitat is 27 Cyperaceae Schoenus benthamii2,3,4,5 P3 poorly drained flat. Geomorphology: Bassendean sands over Scrub D over Patersonia m high. Fl. brown, Oct to not known to occur within the guildford formation. occidentalis Very Open Herbs over Nov. study area. Lepidosperma longitudinale Tall Sedges. Woodland with Melaleuca Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Annual, grass-like or herb preissiana, M. rhaphiophylla, study area but suitable habitat is 28 Cyperaceae Schoenus loliaceus2,5 P2 (sedge), 0.03-0.06 m high. Swamp. Moist grey sand/loam. Villarsia albiflora, Stylidium not known to occur within the Fl. Aug to Nov. calcaratum, Lobelia alata. study area. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Erect annual (ephemeral), study area but suitable habitat is 29 Stylidiaceae Stylidium longitubum 2,3 P3 herb, 0.05-0.12 m high. Fl. Sandy clay, clay. Seasonal wetlands. not known to occur within the pink, Oct to Dec. study area. In open woodland of A. fraseriana, Tuberous, perennial, herb, Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus Possible, recorded within 5 km 0.1-0.35 m high. Flowers Found at the base of Allocasuarina fraseriana or less marginata with an open 30 Orchidaceae Thelymitra variegata2,4,5 P3 radius of the study area in similar orange & red & purple & commonly in thick leaf litter. understorey of Bossiaea eriocarpa, habitat. pink, Jun to Sep. Hibbertia hypericoides and Dasypogon bromeliifolius. Unlikely, recorded within 5 km of Shrub, 0.4-1 m high. Fl. study area but suitable habitat is 31 Myrtaceae Verticordia attenuata2,4,5 P3 White or grey sand. Winter-wet depressions. pink, Dec or Jan to May. not known to occur within the study area. References: 1.Department of the Environment 2015, 2.Department of Parks and Wildlife 2007 – 2015, 3 Department of Parks and Wildlife 2014a, 4 Department of Parks and Wildlife 2013 Andrew Webb, 5. West Australian Herbarium 2014., 6. Env Australia 20

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Appendix Seven – Comparison of Flora Surveys Survey This Survey Lot 70 Winthrop Ave Env Australia 2013 Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd Koch 1989, 1990 Level 1 Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, 2015 2007 Proposed Somerville Dr extension ,College Grove, Ecologic 2010 Survey Area Lot 70 Winthrop Ave Edith Cowan University Campus Edith Cowan University Campus South Portion of Edith Cowan University. Southern portion Somerville Dr Extension Soil Type Spearwood dune system Bassendean and Spearwood Dune System Bassendean and Spearwood Dune System Bassendean and Spearwood Dune System Bassendean Dune System Veg Complex Karrakatta Complex - Central and South Karrakatta Complex - Central and South Karrakatta Complex - Central and South \ Karrakatta Complex - Central and South \ Karrakatta Complex - Central and South Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex Vegetation 1. EgBa AfXoAHh 1. Eucalyptus gomphocephala woodland over Agonis 1. Eucalyptus gomphocephala Open Woodland over 1. *Ba-J WEmBiAgKg - Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata over a Low Eucalyptus gomphocephla Open Forest over flexuosa, Banksia attenuata low open forest over Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, Corymbia calophylla, Banksia attenuata 15-35% Eucalyptus marginata 2-10% Woodland of Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa and Kunzea Associations Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa and Xylomelum occidentale scattered tall shrubs over Agonis flexuosa, Banksia attenuata Low Woodland A over Woodland or Low Open Forest over 2-5%, glabrescens over a Tall Open Shrubland of Melaleuca Xylomelum occidentalis Low Woodland over Hibbertia hypericoides, Macrozamia reidlei low Agonis flexuosa, Banksia attenuata, Xylomelum occidentale Xylomelom occidentale 0-5%Low Open Woodland over Tall thymoides and Jacksonia horrida over a Low Shrubland of Allocasuarina humilis Tall Open Shrubland shrubland over Dichopogon preissii, Trifolium campestre Open Low Woodland B over Melaleuca thymoides, Shrubs 1-1.5 m, 356-60% foliar cover e.g. Acacia pulchella, Hibbertia hypericoides, meisneri and over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Shrubland very open herbland. Xylomelum occidentale Open Low Scrub B over Macrozamia Allocasuarina humilis, Macrozamia riedlei, Melaleuca latifolia and Xanthorrhoea gracilis over an Open over *Briza maxima Grassland over mixed riedlei Open Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia hypericoides, thymoides, , Xanthorhoea preisii over Low Sedgeland/Grassland of Lyginia imberbis, Lepidosperma Open Herbland. 2. Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia Xanthorrhoea gracilis, Dasypogon bromeliifolius, Conostylis Shrubs and Herbs e.g. Acacia stenoptera, Adenanthos squamatum and Austrostipa campylachne. calophylla open forest over Banksia attenuata low aculeata Low Heath D over *Briza maxima Very Open Low meisneri, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Calytrix flavescens, 2. EgBa*LlDdSs*Bm woodland over Xylomelum occidentale scattered tall Grass over Daucus glochidiatus, *Ursinia anthemoides, Conostephium pendulum, Dasypogon bromellifolius, The mapped vegetation type within the study area Eucalyptus gomphocephla Open Woodland shrubs over Macrozamia riedlei scattered shrubs over *Hypochaeris glabra, Daviesia physodes, Hibbertia hypericoides, Lepidosperma (WEmBiAgKg) (Figure 2) has been inferred to represent over Banksia attenuata over *Leptosperma Hibbertia hypericoides, Melaleuca thymoides low Chamaescilla corymbosa Very Open Herbs angustatum, Patersonia occidentalis, , Floristic Community Type 21b (Gibson et al., 1994). Floristic laevigatum Tall Open Shrubland over Davesia shrubland over *Briza maxima scattered tussock grasses Phlebocarya ciliata Community Type 21b is listed as a Priority 3 Priority divaricata Shrubland over Synaphea over Dichopogon preissii very open herbland. 2. Eucalyptus gomphocephala, Corymbia calophylla Open Ecological Community (DEC, 2010). spinulosa Low Open Shrubland over *Briza Woodland over Agonis flexuosa, Corymbia calophylla, 2. *M-J maxima Grassland. 3. Corymbia calopyhlla open forest over Melaleuca Banksia attenuata, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata Eucalyptus calophylla 15-60 % E marginata 5-10% Banksia preissiana, Banksia littoralis, low Low Forest A over Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, attenuata 0-5% Woodland or Open Forest over Tall shrubs The second association, described above, woodland over Xanthorrhoea brunonis low open Agonis flexuosa, Corymbia calophylla Low Woodland B over 2-3 m, 10% foliar cover e.g. Acacia saligna, Jacksonia may be considered to be a degraded shrubland over Baumea juncea sedgeland. Diplolaena dampieri, Acacia cyclops, Agonis flexuosa Open furcellata, J sternbergiana over Shrubs and Herbs .3 – 1 m, expression of EgBa AfXoAHh. Two species Scrub over Macrozamia riedlei Open Dwarf Scrub C over 10 – 60 % foliar cover eg Acacia stenoptera, Adenanthos which dominated in this association were 4. Melaleuca preissiana, Corymbia calophylla, Agonis Hibbertia hypericoides, Xanthorrhoea gracilis Dwarf Scrub D meisneri, Allocasuarina humilis, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Davesia divaricata and Synaphea spinulosa flexuosa, Banksia littoralis low open forest over over *Briza maxima, *Briza minor,*Ehrharta calycina Open Dasypogon bromellifolius, Daviesia physodes, Hibbertia both of these species have been observed in Xanthorrhoea brunonis low open shrubland over Lyginia Low Grass over Hardenbergia comptoniana Very Open hypericoides, Macrozamia riedlei, Mesomelaena tetragona, disturbed sites in local bushland areas. barbata very open herbland over Lepidopserma Climbers over *Romulea rosea, *Ursinia anthemoides, Patersonia occidentalis, Phyllanthus calycinus, Platysace pubisquameum, Baumea juncea very open sedgeland. *Hypochaeris glabra, Chamaescilla corymbosa Open Herbs compressa, Xanthorrhoea preissii

5. Banksia grandis low open woodland over Acacia 3.Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. 3. *M pulchella var. glaberrima, Stirlingia latifolia open marginata, Banksia attenuata, Xylomelum occidentale Low Eucalyptus calophylla 15-25 shrubland over Hypocalymma angustifolium, Melaleuca Woodland A over Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus % Banksia ilicifolia 2-5%, Nuytsia floribunda 2-5%, thymoides, , Daviesia physodes, marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata, Melaleuca preissiana 2-5% Woodland over shrubs 1-2m Leucopogon propinquus low shrubland over Schoenus Xylomelum occidentale Open Low Woodland B over high 45 -60% foliar cover e.g. Acacia pulchella, Acacia efoliatus very open sedgeland. Allocasuarina humilis, Nuytsia floribunda Low Scrub A/B saligna, Daviesia physodes, Kunzea ericifolia, Leucopogon over Melaleuca thymoides, Macrozamia riedlei, australis, Xanthorrhoea preissii over Low Shrubs and herbs Xanthorrhoea gracilis, Daviesia divaricata, Leucopogon 20 – 50 cm high 20-25% cover Acacia flageliformis, A racemulosus Open Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia willdenowiana, Calytrix flavescens, Dasypogon hypericoides Low Heath D over *Briza maxima Very Open bromelifolius, Lepidosperma angustatum, L longtitudinale, Low Grass over Daucus glochidiatus, Drosera stoloifera, Oxylobium capitatum, Petrophile linearis *Ursinia anthemoides, *Romulea rosea, *Hypochaeris glabra Very Open Herbs 4. *MP Melaleuca priessiana Woodland, Open Woodland or Low 4. Corymbia calophylla Open Woodland over Banksia Woodland with occasional Corymbia calophylla 0-10%, attenuata, Agonis flexuosa, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus Eucalyptus marginate 0-5%, Banksia littoralis 1-5% marginata ssp. marginata, Xylomelum occidentale Low Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 0-10% over Woodland A over Banksia attenuata, Agonis flexuosa, Tall Shrubs 2-4 m; 10-40% foliar cover e.g. Acacia saligna, Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata Agonis linearifolia, Aotus gracillima, fascicularis, Open Low Woodland B over Agonis flexuosa, Jacksonia Cortaderia selloana, Eutaxia virgata, Hakea varia, Jacksonia furcellata Open Low Scrub B over Xanthorrhoea gracilis, furcellata, Leucopogon australis, Melaleuca incana, M Macrozamia riedlei Open Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia teretifolia, Viminaria juncea over Low Shrubs and Herbs 0.2 hypericoides, Stirlingia latifolia, Bossiaea eriocarpa Low – 0.3 m 0-5% foliar cover e.g. Acacia stenoptera, Dampiera Heath D over Lepidosperma squamatum, Orthrosanthus linearis, Goodenia fililformis, Lobelia alata, Platytheca laxus Very Open Low Sedges over *Briza maxima Open Low galiodes, Villarsia latifolia. Grass over Daucus glochidiatus, *Ursinia anthemoides, *Romulea rosea Very Open Herbs 5. *Mr Melaleuca rhaphiophylla 5-30%, Melaleuca preissiana 0- 5. Corymbia calophylla, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. 10% Open Woodland or Low Woodland over Tall Shrubs 2-3 marginata Open Woodland A over Corymbia calophylla, m 5-30% foliar cover e.g. Acacia pulchella, Acacia saligna, Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata, Melaleuca incana, Viminaria juncea over Sedges and Shrubs Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland B over Eucalyptus 1-2m, 3-90% foliar cover e.g. Gahnia trifida, Juncus pallidus,

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Survey This Survey Lot 70 Winthrop Ave Env Australia 2013 Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd Koch 1989, 1990 Level 1 Spring Flora and Vegetation Assessment, 2015 2007 Proposed Somerville Dr extension ,College Grove, Ecologic 2010 Survey Area Lot 70 Winthrop Ave Edith Cowan University Campus Edith Cowan University Campus South Portion of Edith Cowan University. Southern portion Somerville Dr Extension marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata Open Scrub Lepidosperma longitudinale, Typha orientalis, Xanthorrhoea over Xylomelum occidentale Open Low Scrub A over preissii over Low Shrubs and Grasses: 0.2 – 0.5 m, 5-90% Melaleuca thymoides, Macrozamia riedlei Open Low Scrub foliage cover e.g. Opercularia hispidula and many B over Hibbertia hypericoides Low Heath D over Dasypogon introduced grasses. bromeliifolius Very Open Low Sedges over Drosera erythrorhiza, *Romulea rosea, *Hypochaeris glabra Very 6. *T Open Herbs Eucalyptus gomphocephala 2-15%, E calophylla 0-10% E marginata 1-5% Agonis flexuosa 2-15% Banksia attenuata 1- 6. Eucalyptus marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata, 15% Woodland or Woodland 2-15% over Shrubs: 1-2 m Xylomelum occidentale Low Woodland A over Eucalyptus high, 5-15% foliar cover e.g. Acacia cochlearis, A pulchella, marginata ssp. marginata, Banksia attenuata, Xylomelum Allocasuarina humilis, Daviesia divaricata, Jacksonia occidentale Open Low Woodland B over Melaleuca incana furcellata, J sternbergiana, Leucopogon propinquus, ssp. incana Open Scrub over Melaleuca thymoides, Macrozamia riedlei, Xanthorrhoea preissii over Low Shrubs Melaleuca incana ssp. incana, Jacksonia horrida Open Low and Herbs 0.3 – 0.5 m high, 5-30% foliar cover, e.g. Acacia Scrub A over Melaleuca thymoides Low Scrub B over willdenowiana, Anigozanthos manglesii, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Melaleuca thymoides Dwarf Scrub C over Hibbertia Dianella revoluta, Dichopogon capillipes, Hardenbergia hypericoides, Dasypogon bromeliifolius, Stirlingia latifolia comptoniana, Hibbertia hypericoides, Hovea trisperma, Low Heath D over Daucus glochidiatus, *Hypochaeris Kennedia prostrate, Lepidosperma angustatum, Petrophile glabra, *Ursinia anthemoides Very Open Herbs linearis, Phyllanthus calycinus.;

7. Corymbia calophylla, Melaleuca preissiana, Banksia * Note for brevity trees with a foliar cover of 2% or less littorea Low Woodland A over Corymbia calophylla, Banksia were not included in the descriptions. littorea, Melaleuca preissiana Open Low Woodland B over Melaleuca incana ssp. incana, Acacia pulchella, Daviesia physodes Open Low Scrub A/B over Xanthorrhoea preissii Open Dwarf Scrub C over Baumea juncea, Lomandra odora, Juncus pallidus Dense Low Sedges

8. Pericalymma ellipticum, Adenanthos meisneri Heath B over Daviesia physodes, Platytheca galioides, Hypocalymma angustifolium, Xanthorrhoea preissii Dwarf Scrub C over Hypolaena exsulca, Baumea juncea, Dasypogon bromeliifolius Open Low Sedges

9. Corymbia calophylla Open Woodland over Banksia attenuata, Banksia grandis Low Woodland A over Acacia pulchella, Daviesia physodes Open Low Scrub B over Platytheca galioides, Adenanthos meisneri, Bossiaea eriocarpa, Boronia dichotoma, Stirlingia latifolia Open Dwarf Scrub C over Baumea juncea, Xanthorrhoea gracilis Low Sedges No vascular 165 250 209 58 flora

DRF Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Priority Flora Not recorded Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. Palustre P3 Caladenia speciosa P4 Caladenia speciosa P4 Acacia flagelliformis, P4 Pultenaea skinneri P4 Pultenaea skinneri P4

TEC Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded PEC A Priority three ecological community , SCP25 ‘ Southern Not recorded Not recorded Floristic Community Type 21b is listed as a Eucalpytus gomphiocephala – Agonis flexuosa Priority 3 Priority Ecological Community (DEC, woodlands’ was considered to be represented in the survey area. 2010). Weeds 41 47 45 7 Survey time 15 and 16 October 2013 10,11 and 16 September 2007 Late October 1989 1 November 2010 Survey Area 48.77 ha 46 ha 1.81 ha Comments

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Survey Level 1 Spring Flora and Alan Tingay & Associates South Hart Simpson and Associates Pty Ltd 1994 Hay Park Athletics and Cycle Track Proposal Gibson et al 1994 Flora surveys Vegetation Assessment, RPS 2010 Bunbury and Brook Village Structure Flora Survey, GHD Pty Ltd 2003. Plan Review Survey Area Proposed Somerville Dr Survey area includes southern Boundary Northern Area of Hay Park Conservation Area Hay Park extension ,College Grove, Northern of the City of Bunbury between Ocean Dr Section and Bussel Hwy. The residential development of Shearwater and Washington Ave represent the northern boundary. Soil Type Spearwood dune system Quindalup and Spearwood Dune System Yoongarillup Soils Reworked alluvial deposits of the Pinjarra plain and Guildford formation? Veg Complex Karrakatta Complex - Central and Karrakatta Complex - Central and South \ Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex South \ Yoongarillup Complex Yoongarillup Complex Possibly Vasse Complex Vegetation Southern River Complex Vegetation BIMpKg – 1. Tuart / Peppermint Woodland 1. Tuart woodland abd forest over Peppermint, Banksia and Area 1 Woodland to low woodland of scattered Melaleuca TEC SCP type 8 Vulnerable ( Hay01) – Clay pans – Scattered Banksia littoralis with Low Open 2. Marri / Peppermint Woodland Jarrah on the older dunes rhaphiophylla and Banksia littoralis over a low tree layer of Associations Woodland of Melaleuca preissiana over Low 3. Tuart / Marri / Peppermint Woodland Acacia saligna and *Melaleuca radula Shrubs and trees can be wet in winter Open Shrubland of Kunzea glabrescens over 4. Banksia / Peppermint Woodland Eucalyptus gomphocephla woodland and occasional forest upt include Lepidosperma sp, Melaleuca preissiana and Hakea Open Heath of Pericalymma ellipticum var 5. Banksia with Jarrah, Marri and 6. 25 m high over mixed open woodland of Banksia attenuate, B varia. ellipticum, Astarte asp. And Hypocalymma 6. Tuart Low Woodland grandis, Agonis flexuosa and Eucalyptus marginata to 12 m TEC SCP type 18 Vulnerable(Hay05) Calcareous – angustifolium over Open Sedgeland of Baumea 7. Eucalyptus rudis / Melaleuca rhaphiophylla Low high over a low heath. Shrubs comprise: Daviesia divaricata, Area 2. Melaleuca rhaphiophylla over sedges Lepidosperma wet in winter juncea and Lepidosperma longitudinale Woodland Acacia cochlearis, Phyllanthus callycinus, , sp. Shrub and herb layer includes Hypocalyma 8. Melaleuca rhaphiophylla High Shrubland to Low Xanthorrhoea preissii, Macrozamia riedlei, Eremophila glabra angustifolium, Scaevola pilosa, Patersonia sp.swamp form, MPAfCc Forest. and Lasiopetalum membranaceum. On higher ground: Conostylis aculeate and Dampiera linearis. Open to Low Woodland of Melaleuca Hibbertia hypericoides Persoonia saccata and Synaphea preissiana. Scattered Agonis flexuosa and spinulosa. Herbaceous plant include: Acanthocarpus Area 3. Scattered Melaleuca preissiana and M Corymbia calophylla over Tall Open Shrubland preissii,Corynotheca micrantha, Clematis microphylla, rhaphiophylla woodland over sedges Lepidosperma species of Kunzea glabrescens over Shrubland of Schoenus grandiflorus, Helichrysum cordatum, Conostylis and shrubs and herbs dominated by Xanthorrhoea gracilis, Xanthorrhoea brunonis over Sedgeland of aculeate, Geranium solanderi and grasses: Danthonia Hypocalyma angustifolium, Daviesia inflate, Drosera Baumea juncea. caespitose, Poa drummondiana, Stipa flavescens and species. Dichelachne crinita. EmAfBi Area 4. Melaleuca rhaphiophylla and M preissiana over an Scattered Eucalyptus marginate, Agonis 2. Tuart Open Woodland on Dunes understorey of sedges, grasses and Xanthorrhoea gracilis. flexuosa and Banksia ilicifolia with Low Denser woodland includes Banksia littoralis and kunzea. Woodland of Banksia attenuate over Open Tuart Open Woodland up to 20 m over Agonis flexuosa open Heath of Kunzea glabrescens over Shrubland to low woodland upto 7 m over coastal heath. Shrubs include: Area 5 Woodland of Melaleuca rhaphiophylla, Eucalyptus Low Shrubland of Hibbertia hypericoides and Acacia cochlearis, Jacksonis furcellata, Phyllanthus calycinus, rudis and Banksia littoralis with occasional Kunzea and Melaleuca thymoides. Templetonia retusa, Hibbertia cuneiformis, Thomasia cognate, Acacia saligna. Acacia lasiocarpa, Spyridium globulosum, Rhagodia baccata, BIMpKg and MPAfCc are inferred to be Dodonaea aptera and Santalum accuminatum. Ocassional Floristic community type 4. EmAfBi was trees of Nuytsia floribunda occur. Herbaceous species include inferred to be floristic community type 21b. Acanthocarpus preissii, and grasses: Poa poiformis,Danthonia caespitose , Stipa flavescens and Agropyron scabrum.

Tuart open woodland over a thicket to 3 m of Acacia saligna and Diplolaena dampieri, Few peppermint present Shrubs include: Acacia cochlearis, Logania vaginalis, Opercularia hispidula, Myoporum caparioides, Scaevola nitida, Chorizema diversifolium and Comesperma confertum. Sedges include: Gahnia trifida and Lepidosperma sp.

3. Coastal Heath on stable dunes

Mixed Low Heath and Heath. Common shrubs include Acacia cochlearis, Jacksonia furcellata, Exocarpus sparteus, Phllanthus calycinus, and Santalum acuminatum. Herbaceous plants include: Acanthocarpus preissii, Conostylis aculeate and grasses Stipa flavescens and Danthonia caespitose. Peppermints grow as scattered individuals to 3 m high.

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4. Coastal heath on primary dunes

Species on youngest dunes include: Spinifex longifolius, *Tetragona decumbens, *Arctotheca populifolia, *Cakile maritima and *Ammophila arenaria.

Low coastal heath dominated by Diplolaena dampieri. Other common shrubs include: Olearia axillaris, Acacia cochlearis, Hemiandra pungens, Scaevola crassifolia, Lepidosperma gladiatum and Acanthocarpus preissii. . No vascular 50 Not recorded 124 75 flora PF Lasiopetalum membranacuem P2 DRF Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded Not recorded TEC Not Not recorded Not recorded PEC Floristic Community Type 21b is listed Not recorded Not recorded as a Priority 3 Priority Ecological Community (DEC, 2010). Weeds 6 30 14 Survey time October 2008 Late November 1992, June 1993 7 October 2003 Survey Area ? Comments Note vegetation associations are taken from Alan Tingay and Associates (1994). Vegetation Survey of the South Bunbury Tuart Woodland. Prepared for Homeswest. Report 93/73

City of Bunbury xxiii