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INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. vdUMIAccessing the World's Information since 1938 300 North 7eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8812241 The Russian verbal prefixpo- as an invariant cognitive structure Dick, Warren Harlan, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by Dick, Warren Harlan. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or pages. 2. Colored illustrations, paper or______ print 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page, 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost_______ in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print. 11. Page(s)_lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)______seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages_ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed cis received_______ 16. Other____________________________________________ UMI THE RUSSIAN VERBAL PREFIX PO- AS AN INVARIANT COGNITIVE STRUCTURE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Warren Harlan Dick, B.A., M.A, The Ohio State University 1988 Dissertation Committee: Approved by A. Rugaleva G. Beynen - / Adviser D. Robinson Department of Slavic and East European Languages & Literatures Copyright by Warren Harlan Dick 1988 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Gijsbertus K. Beynen, whom I admire for his scholarly fortitude and prodigious bibliographic know­ ledge, unselfishly devoted his time and energy to seeing this project through; I am very grateful to him for his support and long-standing interest in my work. My adviser. Dr. Anelya Rugaleva, served as my chief informant and was ideal in that capacity; I greatly appreciate her help and suggestions. I also appreciate the help of my other informants: Nataliya Verkho- shanskaya, Igor Savelev, Valery Kalensky, Ella Kalensky, Irene Vertikoff, and Marina Shmulevich. I am especially grateful to Daniel Barber for his technical assistance in the preparation of this dissertation. No one else could have handled the task as competently as he, and I could have trusted no one else to be as careful. I sincerely appreciate his painstaking work and value his friendship. But some petty, malevolent, profligate personnel in the Slavic department made my association with OSU an unnecessarily prolonged and regrettable one. They will continue their policy of favoring their own kind — the sycophants and pseudo­ scholars . ii VITA 1977 ........................ E.A., George Washington University/ Washington/ DC 1979 ........................ M.A./ George Washington University/ Washington/ DC 1977-1979 ................. Graduate Teaching Assis­ tant/ George Washington University/ Washington/ DC 1979-1980 ................. University Fellow/ The Ohio State University/ Columbus / Ohio 1980-1984 ................. Graduate Teaching Associ­ ate/ Research Associate/ and Fellow/ The Ohio State University/ Columbus/ Ohio 1985-present .............. Research Analyst/ Library of Congress/ Washington/ DC PUBLICATION "On Expressing the Direct Object in Russian: an Accusa­ tive Tendency:" Proceedings of the Kentucky Foreign Language Conference 1984: Slavic Section. FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: Slavic Linguistics 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................... ii VITA ........................................................iii PREFACE . 1 'Notes .............................................. 8 CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION: VERBS, PREFIXES, AND PREDICATIONS 12 1.0. General Remarks on Verbal Prefixation . 12 1.1. Multiple Meaning Analyses of Po- .... 17 1.1.1. BogusaTawski............................. 20 1.1.2. Slovar* sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo jazyka ................. 24 1.1.3. Slovar* russkogo jazyka ............ ■ 27 1.1.4. The Oxford Russian-English Dictionary 28 1.1.5. Grammatika russkogo jazyka .......... 29 1.1.6. Pulkina and Zakhava- Nekrasova's Russian ................. 31 1.1.7. Unbegaun's Russian Grammar .......... 33 1.1.8. Accounting for Polysemy: Contextual Usages of a Single Core Meaning . 34 1.2. Meaning or Meaninglessness of Prefixes? . 39 1.2.1. "Empty" Prefixes ...................... 39 1.2.1.1. Tixonov .......................... 40 1.2.1.2. Vinogradov ........................ 41 IV 1.2.1.3. Bogusïawski ..................... 42 1.2.1.4. Unbegaun .......................... 44 1.2.2. Opponents of the Notion of Purely Grammatical Prefixes ................. 45 1.2.2.1. Karcsvski ....................... 46 1.2.2.2. Maslov ............................ 46 1.2.2.3. Isacenko .......................... 48 1.2.2.4. van Schooneveld ................ 49 1.3.3. Resolution of the Controversy: A Definition of Prefix Meaning . 51 N o t e s .............................................. 55 II. COGNITIVE ABSTRACTION AND PREFIXATION .......... 63 2-0. Unit Processing of R e a l i t y ..................63 2.1. Cognition and L a n g u a g e .......................65 2.2. A Cognitive Model for P r e f i x e s ............. 68 2.3. The Concept of ’Focus' .......................72 2.3.1. Skans .................................. 74 2.3.2. Agrell .................................. 76 2.4. Brief Summary of Prefixes as Cognitive Abstractions ................... 78 N o t e s ................................................... 80 III. THE COGNITIVE MODEL OF PO- ........................83 3.0. Spatial Markers and Cognitive Space . 83 3.1. Po- and Geometric Conceptualization: Points and Line S e g m e n t s ....................86 3.2. The Po - Na A x i s ................. 92 3.2.1. Po- and Na-: Comparative versus Superlative Relations . , 97 3-2.2. The Decisive Difference: Association with the Positive or Nonpositive Cognitive Domain 99 3.3. Po- and Punctuality 104 3.4. The Invariant Cognitive Structure of a Po- Scenario ........................ 105 Notes 114 IV. APPLICATION OF THE INVARIANT MEANING OF PO- . 120 4.0. The Underlying Invariant Structure of Po in Some Usage Patterns ................. 120 4.1. Inception as a Contextual Interpretation with Determinate Verbs of Motion . 121 4.2. Quantification in the Positive and Nonpositive Cognitive Domains .......... 124 4.3. Comparison: A Quantification . 130 4.4. The Principle of Linear Reduction 133 4.5. The Underlying Pattern: a Summary . 139 V. CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PREFIXED VERB PARONYMS 142 5.0. Paronymy and Synonymy....................... 142 5.1. Po- versus 0-/O b - ............................ 147 5.2. versus Za- ................................ 161 5.3. Po- versus 169 5.4. Po- versus U- ...............................176 5.5. Po- versus Ot- .............................. 187 5.6. Po- versus V- ........................ 193 VI 5.7. Results of Contrasting Prefixed Paronyms 196 N o t e s ..................................................198 VI. MULTIPLE CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF SCENARIOS: ANALYSIS OF FAMILIES OF PREFIXED VERB PARONYMS 204 6.0. Contrasts Within Families of Prefixed Verb Paronyms.................................204 6.1. Prefixed Forms of stroit* 'to build' . 206 6.2. Prefixed Forms of plakat' 'to cry, to w e e p ' ............................ 211 6.3. Calling and Beckoning: pozvat' / podozvat* , prizvat' ..............215 6.4. The Russian Cognitive Geometry of 'Sending': slat' and Variations .......... 220 6.4.1. posylat'/poslat' 221 6.4.2. vysylat */vyslat' ....................... 223 6.4.3. otsylat'/otoslat' .................... 226 6.4.4. prisylat'/prislat' .................... 227 6.4.5. podsylat'/podoslat' 228 6.4.6. zasylat'/zaslat ' .......................229 6.4.7 The Different Fociof Sending . 230 6.5. Clearing Things up in R u s s i a n ......... 231 6.6. Prefixed Verbs of Motion: Po- versus Pro- , S-, Ü-, Pri- and V^- . 237 6.6.1. Motion: Po- versus Pro- .............. 238 6.6.2. Motion: Po- versus S - .................242 6.6.3. Motion: Po- versus U - .................246 6.6.4. Motion:
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