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M.Sc. Plant Science (Applicable to Students Admitted in 2009 Onwards)

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M.Sc. Plant Science (Applicable to students admitted in 2009 onwards) (w.e.f. examination of 2009 onwards) M.Sc. I (Previous) Semester I Paper I - Microbiology (Bacteriology, Virology) and Microbial 100 Marks Biotechnology. Paper II - Mycology & Plant Pathology (Fungal Diseases) 100 Marks Paper III - Algology & Lichenology 100 Marks Paper IV - Bryology 100 Marks Practical - Based on Papers I to IV including 200 Marks Class and Field Work (Local excursion) 600 Marks Semester II Paper V - Pteridophytes 100 Marks Paper VI - Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany 100 Marks Paper VII - Angiosperms: Taxonomy and Economic Botany 100 Marks Paper VIII - Angiosperms: Histology, Anatomy, Embryology 100 Marks Practical - Based on Papers V to VIII 200 Marks - Class and Field Work (Local excursion) 600 Marks Students have to take all the eight papers. M.Sc. II (Final) Semester III Paper I - Cytology, Genetics and Cytogenetics 100 Marks Paper II - Plant Breeding and Biostatistics 100 Marks Paper III - Ecology, Environment and Soil Science 100 Marks Paper IV - Modern experimental techniques and computer application 100 Marks Practical - Based on Papers I to IV including 200 Marks - Class and field work/Laboratory visit 600 Marks Semester IV Paper V - Plant Physiology 100 Marks Paper VI - Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry 100 Marks Paper VII - Biotechnology and Human welfare 100 Marks Paper VIII Elective - Project work (Review based on all Papers from 100 Marks Semester I to IV) Practical - Based on Papers V and VII 200 Marks (Incl. Biotech Lab visits & class work) 600 Marks Students have to take all the seven papers (a) The theory papers would have internal evaluation by the teaching/guest faculty as decided by the Coordinator in accordance with the nature and requirement of the subject and shall be notified to the students in the beginning of the semester. (b) The semester examination (written) in each subject/paper shall be of three hours duration. (c) The entire syllabus of a paper would be divided in 4 units and students would be expected to attempt one question from each unit (having two alternatives). The questions can be of short answer, multiple choice, short or long answer type in question no. 1. (d) For practicals, the examination would be conducted by a board of external and internal examiners decided by the Board of Studies. The practical examination would also have comprehensive Vive-voce examinations. (e) The final result of the candidate shall be declared on the basis of combined results of all the examinations. (f) A candidate securing 75% or more marks in any paper shall be declared to have passed in that paper with Distinction. A candidate securing 75% or more marks in overall aggregate at the examinations shall be deemed to have passed with ‘Honours’. The minimum pass marks: For passing 36%, II Div. 40%; I Div. 60%; Distinction 75%. (g) (a) The facilities of the back (retake) paper would be available as per following provisions: Candidates who fail to secure the minimum pass marks (category) (i) or want to improve upon it may be allowed retake of papers (not practical) at the next examination of the same semester (but not thereafter). However, retake will not be permissible in more than two papers. (b) Candidates of category (i) shall be promoted to the next semester but shall be required to reappear in the paper in which they had failed in the previous semester along with all the papers of the next semester examination. (c) A candidate who fails in a regular semester examination or fails to clear back paper examination, shall be allowed to appear in the next semester examination of the semester he/she wants to clear as casual student on payment of Rs.10,000/- (5000/- regular+5000/- parri-passu). Such Students shall be treated parri-passu with regular students of that semester which they are retaking. 12. Course Curriculum: Four Unit Pattern M.Sc. Plant Science Semester-I: Paper I M.M. 100 Microbiology (Bacteriology and Virology) and Microbial Biotechnology. Unit I • History of Microbiology • Classification and general characters of bacteria and archaea • Nutrition in bacteria including nitrogen fixation • Microbial fermentation and industrial applications • Biopesticides Unit II • Genetics of bacteria (genome structure, replication, gene expression, recombination etc) • Microbes in genetic engineering • Nature of virulence, toxins and extracellular enzymes of pathogenic bacteria • Antibiotics and their mode of action Unit III • Nomenclature and classification of plant viruses • Particle morphology and genome organization of tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV), brome mosaic bromovirus (BMV), and cauliflower mosaic caulimovirus (CaMV) • Genome expression strategies in plant viruses • Infection and replication of TMV in plants • Purification and quantitative assay of plant viruses • Virus diseases of humans with special reference to hepatitis, AIDS and influenza • Introduction to oncogenic viruses Unit IV • Molecular aspects of virus-vector relationship • Modem methods of plant virus control • Structure, replication and pathogenicity of viroids • Structure & replication of bacteriophages • Properties of antigens and antibodies, and serological techniques • General account and types of immunities Practical • Based on syllabus as above M.Sc. Plant Science Semester-I: Paper II M.M. 100 Paper II – Mycology and Plant pathology (Fungal Diseases) Unit I Recent trends in the classification of fungi with reference to morphological and Para morphological criteria. Mycorrhizal application in agriculture and plant growth. Fungal cytology and genetics heterothallism heterokaryosis, parasexual cycle Physiology of reproduction Physiology of fungi with reference to biotrophs. hemibiotorphs, symbionts and necrotrophs. \ Economic importance of fungi, production of alcohol, organic acids, antibiotics food and fooder : yeast. mushroom cultivation Unit II Comparative studies of the following sub-divisions. (a) Myxomycotina: Stemonitis, Arcyria, Physarum, Plasmodiophora. (b) Mastigomycotina: Allomyccs, Peronospora, Achlya (c) Zygomycotina: Synccphalastrum, Choanephora (d) Ascomycotina-Taphrina, Emericella, Chaetomium, Morchella, Pleospora (e) Basidiomycotina-Melampsora, Tilletia, Cyathus (f) Deuteromycotina-Cercospora, Colletotrichum, Drechslera, Alternaria Unit III Ecology and control of the following crop diseases: Paddy: sheath blight, Bacterial leaf blight. Wheat- Bunt of wheat ear cockle Maize- Leaf blight. Jowar- Smuts caused by Sphacelotheca sorghi Sugarcane- Red rot Arhar- Wilt Crucifers- Downy mildew Groundnut- Tikka Apple- Apple scab Unit IV Role of enzymes and toxins in pathogenesis Storage fungi and mycotoxins Disease control- Physical. chemical and biological methods, crop rotation plant quarantines. Symptamatology of fungal. bacterial and viral infection of plants. Practical 1. Study of the morphological characters and reproductive structures of the fungal genera mentioned above and lichens 2. Preparation of culture medium. 3. Staining techniques for cytological studies 4. Study of symptamatology of diseased specimens by different pathogens 5. Isolation. purification and culture of pathogens from soil rhizosphere and seed. 6. Measurement of the activity of enzymes of fungal pathogens: (a) Cellulase (b) Pectinase 7. Laboratory testing of fungicides (Systemic and non-systemic) against pathogenic fungi 8. Demonstration of biological control of pathogenic fungi in vitro M.Sc. Plant Science Semester-I: Paper III M.M. 100 Algology and Lichenology Unit I Algae-general characters, definitions and scope. Comparative survey of important systems of classification of algae, criteria for algal classification and modern trends. Diagnostic features of algal phyla: range of Thallus and reproductive diversity. Life history patterns: parallelism in evolution. Comparative account of algal pigments; light microscopic structure, ultra structure, function and importance of cell wall, flagella chloroplasts pyrenoids eyespots, nucleus, contractile vacuole and their importance in taxonomy. Unit II Study of Cyanophyta, Prochlorophyta, Chlorophyta, Xanthophyta, Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta upto the order level with reference to the following genera: Microcystis, Anabaena, Stigonema, Volvox, Chlorella Hydrodictyon, Prasiola, Oedogonium, Closterium, Caulerpa, Valonia, Nitella, Botrydium. Navicula. Padina, Dictyota,Gelidium, Halymenia. Applied phycological studies Distribution of algae in soil, freshwater and marine environments; role of algae in soil fertility; productivity in fresh water and marine environments: algal role in fisheries algae in symbiotic association; algae in polluted habitats algae as indicators of pollution; algal blooms, fossil algae. Unit III (a) Algal cytology and genetics. (b) Algae in biotechnology. (c) Economic importance of algae. Unit IV A general account of Lichens and its symbionts, Thallus structure, reproduction, physiology, classification and distribution, Chemistry of Lichens, Isolation of symbiont and synthesis of Thallus, Economic importance Study types: Dermatocarpon, Cladonia, Parmelia, Usnea, Heterodermia M.Sc. Plant Science Semester-I: Paper IV M.M. 100 Bryology Unit-I General characteristics of bryophytes, alternation of generation and classification. Life-cycle of bryophytes, asexual and sexual reproduction in various groups. Ecology - habitat diversity, growth forms, growth factors. Role of bryophytes in pollution monitoring, geobotanical prospecting, horticultural uses, economic importance. Spore diversity,
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  • The Eco-Plant Model and Its Implication on Mesozoic Dispersed Sporomorphs for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms

    The Eco-Plant Model and Its Implication on Mesozoic Dispersed Sporomorphs for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms

    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 293 (2021) 104503 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Review papers The Eco-Plant model and its implication on Mesozoic dispersed sporomorphs for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms Jianguang Zhang a,⁎, Olaf Klaus Lenz b, Pujun Wang c,d, Jens Hornung a a Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany b Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany c Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130026, China d College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, PR China article info abstract Article history: The ecogroup classification based on the growth-form of plants (Eco-Plant model) is widely used for extant, Ce- Received 15 July 2020 nozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, for most Mesozoic dispersed Received in revised form 2 August 2021 sporomorphs, the application of the Eco-Plant model is limited because either their assignment to a specific Accepted 3 August 2021 ecogroup remains uncertain or the botanical affinities to plant taxa are unclear. By comparing the unique outline Available online xxxx and structure/sculpture of the wall of dispersed sporomorph to the sporomorph wall of modern plants and fossil plants, 861 dispersed Mesozoic sporomorph genera of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms are Keywords: Botanical affinity reviewed. Finally, 474 of them can be linked to their closest parent plants and Eco-Plant model at family or Ecogroup order level. Based on the demands of the parent plants to different humidity conditions, the Eco-Plant model sep- Paleoenvironment arates between hydrophytes, hygrophytes, mesophytes, xerophytes, and euryphytes.