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M a D a G a S C a R E T D E S Île S D E L'o C É a N in D Ie N STAT U STATUt ET rÉPARTItION DE La BIOdIVERSItÉ t ET d’EAU dOUCe À MADAGASCAR ET DANs Le r ÉP ART HOTSPOt DES ÎLES DE L’OCÉaN INdIeN I t ION Publié sous la direction de Laura Máiz-Tomé, Catherine Sayer et William Darwall DE L a BIO d IV ERS I t É d ’ EA N U d OUC e I DE e ar ar À M d ADAGAS C ES C AR ÎL N IN N ET DA a N s L e HO DES TS PO t DES Madagas L’OCÉ et et ÎL ES DE L’OCÉ a N IN IUCN d I Rue Mauverney 28 e CH-1196 Gland N Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 999 0000 Fax: + 41 22 999 0015 www.iucn.org/redlist UICN, département Biodiversité d’eau douce, Programme mondial pour les espèces www.iucnredlist.org STATUT ET RÉPARTITION DE LA BIODIVERSITÉ D’EAU DOUCE À MADAGASCAR ET DANS LE HOTSPOT DES ÎLES DE L’OCÉAN INDIEN Publié sous la direction de Laura Máiz-Tomé, Catherine Sayer et William Darwall La désignation d’entités géographiques dans ce livre, et la présentation du matériel, n’impliquent l’expression d’aucune opinion de la part de l’UICN concernant le statut juridique d’un pays, d’un territoire ou d’une zone, ou de ses autorités, ou concernant la délimitation de ses frontières ou frontières. Les opinions exprimées dans cette publication ne reflètent pas nécessairement celles de l’UICN ou d’autres organisations participantes. Cette publication a été rendue possible grâce au financement du Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. Publié par: UICN Cambridge, Royaume-Uni en collaboration avec UICN Gland, Suisse Droits d’auteur: © 2018 UICN, Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature et des ressources naturelles. La reproduction de cette publication à des fins éducatives ou à d’autres fins non commerciales est autorisée sans l’autorisation écrite préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur, à condition que la source soit clairement mentionnée. La reproduction de cette publication pour la revente ou à d’autres fins commerciales est interdite sans l’autorisation écrite préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur. Citation: Máiz-Tomé, L., Sayer, C. et Darwall, W. (éd.) (2018). Statut et répartition de la biodiversité d’eau douce à Madagascar et dans le hotspot des îles de l’Océan Indien. Gland, Suisse: UICN. viii + 136pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1881-1 (version imprimée) 978-2-8317-1882-8 (PDF) DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.1.en Photo de couverture: Malagasya antongilensis. © Rob Schell Photographie Toutes les photographies utilisées dans cette publication demeurent la propriété du détenteur original des droits d’auteur (voir les légendes individuelles pour plus de détails). Les photographies ne doivent pas être reproduites ou utilisées dans d’autres contextes sans l’autorisation écrite du détenteur des droits d’auteur. Mise en page par: NatureBureau https://www.naturebureau.co.uk/ Disponible depuis: UICN (Union internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature) Programme mondial sur les espèces Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0002 www.iucn.org/resources/publications https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/our-work/freshwater-biodiversity Si vous avez des questions concernant les données et les résultats présentés dans ce rapport, veuillez contacter le Département de la biodiversité de l’eau douce de l’UICN ([email protected]). ii Sommaires Remerciements ....................................................................v Chapitre 4 Statut et répartition des mollusques Résumé .................................................................................vi d’eau douce ......................................................................31 4.1 Aperçu des mollusques d’eau douce de Madagascar Chapitre 1 Contexte: Biodiversité de Madagascar et et du hotspot des îles de l’Océan Indien ...................31 de hotspot des îles de l’Océan Indien .............................1 4.2 Tendances de la richesse globale des espèces ........33 1.1 Analyse de la situation à Madagascar et dans les 4.3 Statut de conservation ...............................................34 îles de l’Océan Indien ...................................................1 4.3.1 Espèces menacées ..........................................36 1.1.1 La valeur des zones humides d’eau douce 4.3.2 Espèces à Données insuffisantes ....................37 et de leur biodiversité .........................................1 4.4 Principales menaces ..................................................37 1.1.2 Principales menaces pour les espèces 4.5 Recommandations en matière de conservation ........40 d’eau douce ........................................................1 4.6 Actions de recherches ................................................42 1.2 Objectifs de cette étude ...............................................2 4.7 Les espèces phares ...................................................41 1.3 Composantes du projet ................................................3 4.8 Références ..................................................................42 1.4 Les espèces d’eau douce comme indicateurs ...........3 Annexe 4.1 Statut de la Liste Rouge des mollusques d’eau 1.5 Écorégions d’eau douce de Madagascar ....................3 douce de Madagascar et des îles de l’Océan Indien ...44 1.6 Références ....................................................................3 Chapitre 5 Statut et répartition des crustacés Chapitre 2 Méthode d’évaluation de la Liste Rouge .....7 décapodes d’eau douce ..................................................45 2.1 Sélection des taxons prioritaires..................................7 5.1 Vue d’ensemble des décapodes d’eau douce de 2.1.1 Poissons ............................................................... Madagascar et du hotspot des îles de 2.1.2 Mollusques .........................................................8 l’Océan Indien .............................................................45 2.1.3 Plantes aquatiques .............................................8 5.2 Modèles de la richesse globale des espèces ............45 2.1.4 Odonates ............................................................8 5.2.1 Crabes d’eau douce .........................................45 2.1.5 Décapodes (crabes, écrevisses et crevettes) ...8 5.2.2 Écrevisses d’eau douce ...................................48 2.2 Collecte de données et contrôle de la qualité .............8 5.2.3 Crevettes d’eau douce .....................................50 2.3 Cartographie des espèces ...........................................9 5.3 Statut de conservation ...............................................50 2.4 Évaluation des statuts des espèces menacées ..........9 5.3.1 Espèces menacées ..........................................50 2.5 Références ..................................................................10 5.3.2 Espèces à Données insuffisantes ....................54 5.4 Principales menaces ..................................................54 PARTIE 1 IMPORTANCE DES ESPECES POUR 5.5 Recommandations de conservation ..........................57 LA CONSERVATION 5.6 Actions de recherche..................................................58 5.7 Les espèces phares ...................................................59 Chapitre 3 Statuts et répartition des poissons 5.8 Références ..................................................................59 d’eau douce .......................................................................14 Annexe 5.1 Statut de la Liste Rouge des crabes d’eau douce 3.1 Aperçu de l’ichtyofaune de Madagascar et de Madagascar et des îles de l’océan Indien ............... 62 du hotspot des îles de l’Océan Indien .......................14 Annexe 5.2 Statut de la Liste Rouge des écrevisses d’eau 3.2 Tendances de la richesse globale des espèces ........15 douce de Madagascar et des îles de l’océan Indien ... 62 3.3 Statuts de conservation .............................................17 Annexe 5.3 Statut de la Liste Rouge des crevettes d’eau 3.3.1 Espèces menacées ..........................................20 douce de Madagascar et des îles de l’océan Indien ....62 3.3.2 Espèces à Données insuffisantes ....................20 3.3.3 Index de la liste rouge ......................................21 Chapitre 6 Statut et la répartition des 3.4 Principales menaces ..................................................23 plantes aquatiques ...........................................................63 3.5 Recommandations de conservation ..........................25 6.1 Aperçu des plantes aquatiques de Madagascar .......63 3.6 Actions de recherche..................................................26 6.2 Modèles de la richesse globale des espèces ............65 3.7 Les espèces phares ...................................................25 6.3 Statut de conservation ...............................................67 3.8 Références ..................................................................26 6.3.1 Espèces menacées ..........................................67 Annexe 3.1 Statut de la Liste Rouge des poissons d’eau 6.3.2 Données espèces défectueuses......................70 douce de Madagascar et des îles de l’Océan Indien ...29 6.4 Principales menaces ..................................................70 iii 6.5 Recommandations de conservation ..........................73 PARTIE 2 SITES D’IMPORTANCE POUR LES ESPÈCES 6.6 Actions de recherche..................................................73 D’EAU DOUCE 6.7 Références ..................................................................73 Annexe 6.1 Incohérences de noms de famille entre Chapitre 9 Zones clés pour la biodiversité d’eau le site web de la Liste Rouge de l’UICN et douce à Madagascar
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