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Et Les Espèces Exotiques Envahissantes : Décisions Adoptées Par Les Parties

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Et Les Espèces Exotiques Envahissantes : Décisions Adoptées Par Les Parties Espèces exotiques envahissantes dans les collectivités françaises d’outre-mer Etat des lieux et recommandations Yohann Soubeyran Ouvrage publié par le Comité français de l’UICN, Paris, France. Citation de l’ouvrage : Soubeyran Y. (2008). Espèces exotiques envahissantes dans les collectivités françaises d’outre-mer. Etat des lieux et recommandations. Collection Planète Nature. Comité français de l’UICN, Paris, France. Conception éditoriale et maquette : Trait de Caractère(s) - 2, rue Monge - 15000 Aurillac Tél. : 04 71 43 03 89 - Fax : 04 71 48 75 45 - email : [email protected] Edition : Imprimerie Caractère - 2, rue Monge - 15000 Aurillac Tél. : 04 71 48 05 46 - Fax : 04 71 48 75 45 Photos de couverture : J. Le Breton, J.-P. Palasi, J.-L. Chapuis et J. Triolo. Pour commander l’ouvrage : Comité français de l’UICN - 26, rue Geoffroy Saint Hilaire - 75005 Paris Tel. : +33 1 47 07 78 58 - Fax : +33 1 47 07 71 78 - e-mail : [email protected] La reproduction à des fins non commerciales, notamment éducatives, est permise sans autorisation écrite à condition que la source soit dûment citée. La reproduction à des fins commerciales, et notamment en vue de la vente, est interdite sans permission écrite préalable du Comité français de l’UICN. La présentation des documents et des termes géographiques utilisés dans cet ouvrage ne sont en aucun cas l’expression d’une opinion quelconque de la part du Comité français de l’UICN sur le statut juridique ou l’autorité de quelque Etat, territoire ou région, ou sur leurs frontières ou limites territoriales. ISBN : 978-2-9517953-9-6 Dépôt légal juillet 2008. Cette publication a bénéficié du soutien de : 2 L ’UICN – Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature Fondée en 1948, l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature rassemble des États, des organismes gouvernementaux et un large éventail d’organisations non gouvernementales au sein d’une alliance unique : plus de 1000 membres dans 147 pays. L’UICN regroupe également un réseau de plus de 10 000 experts bénévoles qui apportent leurs connaissances à travers six commissions spécialisées. Le secrétariat de l’UICN est composé d’un siège mondial en Suisse et de 62 bureaux régionaux et nationaux. La vision de l’UICN : « Un monde juste qui valorise et conserve la nature ». La mission de l’UICN : « Influer sur les sociétés du monde entier, les encourager et les aider pour qu’elles conservent l’intégrité et la diversité de la nature et veillent à ce que toute utilisation des ressources naturelles soit équitable et écologiquement durable ». Le Comité français de l’UICN Créé en 1992, le Comité français de l’UICN est le réseau des organismes et des experts de l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature en France. Il regroupe 2 ministères, 5 établissements publics, 35 organisations non-gouvernementales, ainsi qu’un réseau d’environ 200 experts rassemblés au sein de commissions spécialisées et de groupes de travail thématiques. Ses missions principales sont de répondre aux enjeux de la biodiversité en France et de valoriser l’expertise française au sein de l’UICN et sur la scène internationale. Les programmes du Comité français sont axés sur les politiques nationales et internationales de la biodiversité et du développement durable, la conservation des milieux naturels sensibles (forêts, montagnes, mer, littoral et zones humides), les aires protégées et les espèces menacées. Une priorité est accordée aux zones importantes pour la biodiversité mondiale dans lesquelles la France est présente : collectivités françaises d’outre-mer, Méditerranée, Europe et espace francophone. 3 Les espèces exotiques envahissantes dans les collectivités françaises d’outre-mer Etat des lieux et recommandations Yohann Soubeyran Rapport réalisé sous la coordination de Florian Kirchner et Sébastien Moncorps Comité français de l’UICN Collection Planète Nature 2008 4 SOMMAIRE Contributions et remerciements 6 Listes des encadrés, figures et tableaux 8 Acronymes 10 Les espèces exotiques envahissantes : contexte, définitions et concepts 11 Introduction 16 1ERE PARTIE : PRÉSENTATION GÉNÉRALE ET RECOMMANDATIONS L’outre-mer particulièrement exposé aux invasions biologiques 19 Une menace commune à toutes les collectivités 21 Des conséquences sous-estimées 29 Les engagements internationaux, nationaux et locaux 30 Un cadre juridique incomplet et fragmenté 32 Des dispositifs de biosécurité à développer 34 L’indispensable mise en place de cadres stratégiques 35 Vers une prise de conscience collective des enjeux 35 Les limites en matière de lutte 37 Un nécessaire effort de recherche 40 Des avancées significatives à soutenir 41 Conclusions et recommandations 44 2ÈME PARTIE : SYNTHÈSE PAR COLLECTIVITÉ Martinique 65 Guadeloupe 74 Saint-Martin et Saint-Barthélemy 84 Guyane française 87 Mayotte 90 La Réunion 99 Iles Eparses 114 Nouvelle-Calédonie 118 Polynésie française 133 Wallis et Futuna 149 Clipperton 155 Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises 156 Saint-Pierre et Miquelon 166 Bibiographie 171 Annexes 181 5 CONTRIBUTIONS ET REMERCIEMENTS Auteur : Yohann SOUBEYRAN (Comité français de l’UICN) Rapport réalisé sous la coordination de : Florian KIRCHNER (Comité français de l’UICN) Sébastien MONCORPS (Comité français de l’UICN) Avec l’appui du Groupe de travail outre-mer coordonné par : Romain RENOUX (WWF France) Marc DUNCOMBE (CELRL) Philippe FELDMANN (CIRAD) Catherine GABRIE (Consultante indépendante) Volet juridique réalisé par : Clare SHINE (Consultante indépendante) Coordinateurs locaux : Fabien BARTHELAT (DAF, Service Environnement, Mayotte) ; Jean-Marie FLOWER (Conservatoire Botanique des Antilles Françaises , Guadeloupe) ; Anne-Claire GOARANT (Direction de l’ Environnement, Province Sud, Nouvelle-Calédonie) ; Philippe JOSEPH (Université Antilles-Guyane, Martinique) ; Christophe LAVERGNE (Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin, Réunion) ; Marc LEBOUVIER (CNRS, TAAF) ; Jean-Yves MEYER (Délégation à la Recherche, Polynésie française) ; Claudie PAVIS (INRA/AEVA, Guadeloupe) ; Soudjata RADJASSEGARANE (Conseil Régional, Réunion) ; Benoit de THOISY (Kwata, Guyane) ; Frank URTIZBEREA (DAF, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon) ; Paino VANAI (Service Environnement, Wallis et Futuna). Remerciements aux contributeurs : Rémy AMICE (Gouvernement, SIVAP-DAVAR, Nouvelle-Calédonie) ; Vincent ARENALES del CAMPO (DIREN, Martinique) ; Martine ATRAMENTOWICZ (MEEDDAT) ; Jean-Louis D’AUZON (ASNNC, Nouvelle-Calédonie); Stéphane BARET (Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin, Réunion) ; Nicolas BARRE (Institut agronomique néo-calédonien, Société Calédonienne d’ornithologie, Nouvelle-Calédonie) ; Samento BAZIL (GCEIP, gestionnaire ENS, Réunion) ; Paula BAYLET-MEYER (Ministère du Développement Durable, Polynésie française) ; Henri BLAFFART (Conservation International, association dayu biik, Nouvelle- Calédonie) ; Vincent BLANFORT (INRA) ; Fabrice BLARD (Insectarium, Réunion) ; Pierre BOSC (ARDA, Réunion) ; Vincent BOULLET (Conservatoire Botanique National de Mascarin, Réunion) ; Fabrice BRESCIA (Institut agronomique néo-calédonien, Nouvelle-Calédonie) ; Michel BREUIL (MNHN) ; Philippe BREUIL (Conseil Général, service des ENS, Réunion) ; Lionel BRINON (Association interprovinciale de gestion des centres agricoles, Nouvelle-Calédonie) ; Alain BRONDEAU (Parc National de La Réunion) ; Henrich BRUGGEMAN (ECOMAR, Université de La Réunion) ; Jean-François BUTAUD (Consultant, Polynésie française) ; Sarah CACERES (ONCFS, Réunion) ; Laurent CALICHIAMA (GCEIP, gestionnaire ENS, Réunion); Jean-Jérôme CASSAN (Service Environnement, DDEE, Province nord, Nouvelle-Calédonie) ; François CATZEFLIS (ISEM, Université Montpellier 2) ; Magali CERLES (CELRL) ; Dahabia CHANFI (Conseil Général, Direction de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable, Mayotte) ; Jean Louis CHAPUIS (MHNH) ; Franck CHARLIER (ONCFS, Brigade Nature de Mayotte, Mayotte) ; Stéphane CICCIONE (CEDTM, Réunion); Philippe CLERGEAU (MNHN) ; Samuel COUTEYEN (Association réunionnaise d’écologie, Réunion) ; Francis DEKNUYDT (CSRPN, Martinique) ; Stéphane DEFOS (DIREN, Martinique) ; Stéphane DEFRANOUX (Service du Développement Rural, Département Forêt et Gestion de l’Espace Rural, Polynésie française); Lucien DEGRAS (Archipel des Sciences, Guadeloupe) ; César DELNATTE (Herbier de Cayenne, Guyane) ; Gregory DESO (Indépendant) ; François DEVINCK (Direction de l’Environnement, Province Sud, Nouvelle- Calédonie) ; Bernard DOLACINSKI (CIRAD, Mayotte) ; Marc-Henri DUFFAUD (DIREN, Réunion) ; Alison 6 DUNCAN (LPO) ; Pierre EHRET (Ministère de l’Agriculture) ; Roger ETCHEBERRY (Naturaliste, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon) ; Elizabeth ETIFIER-CHALONO (Conservatoire Botanique des Antilles Françaises , Martinique); Lucie FAULQUIER (Société d’Ornithologie de Polynésie française) ; Jacques FAVRE (DAF / DSV, Mayotte); Daniel FONTAINE (GCEIP, gestionnaire ENS, Réunion) ; Jacques FOURNET (Indépendant, Guadeloupe) ; Yves FRENOT (IPEV) ; Yves FRONTIER (Associations Mouvement de la G.E.N.E.S. et Mieux Vivre à Dioré, gestionnaire ENS, Réunion) ; Olivier GARGOMINY (MNHN); Michel de GARINE-WICHATITSKY (CIRAD) ; Dominique GARNIER (Direction de l’Environnement, Province Sud, Nouvelle-Calédonie) ; Gilles Gaspard (DAF, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon) ; Gildas GATEBLE (Institut agronomique néo-calédonien, Nouvelle- Calédonie) ; Valérie GENESSEAUX (Parc Naturel régional de la Martinique) ; Bertrand GOGUILLON (WWF, Guyane) ; Anne GOUNI (Société d’Ornithologie de Polynésie française) ; Loïc GOUYET (DAF/DSV, Martinique); Caroline GROSEIL (Direction de l’Environnement, Province Sud,
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