Pertunjukan Kesenian Bunraku Dan Wayang Golek

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Pertunjukan Kesenian Bunraku Dan Wayang Golek PERTUNJUKAN KESENIAN BUNRAKU DAN WAYANG GOLEK BUNRAKU KOUEN TO WAYAN GOREKKU KERTAS KARYA Dikerjakan O L E H DINDA ALDILLA NAMIRA NIM: 172203022 PROGRAM STUDI DIII BAHASA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas berkah, rahmat dan hidayah-Nya yang senantiasa dilimpahkan kepada penulis, sehingga bisa menyelesaikan kertas karya dengan judul “PERTUNJUKAN KESENIAN BUNRAKU DAN WAYANG GOLEK” sebagai syarat untuk menyelesaikan Program Diploma III (DIII) pada Program Diploma Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Dalam penyusunan kertas karya ini banyak hambatan serta rintangan yang penulis hadapi namun pada akhirnya dapat melaluinya berkat adanya bimbingan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak baik secara moral maupun spiritual. Untuk itu pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terimakasih kepada: 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S selaku dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Ibu Dr. Diah Syafitri Handayani, M.Litt selaku Ketua Jurusan D3 Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Bapak Zulnaidi, SS., M.Hum selaku dosen pembimbing yang dengan ikhlas telah meluangkan waktu dan pikiran untuk memberikan bimbingan dan juga arahan kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan Kertas Karya ini. 4. Seluruh staff pengajar pada program studi D3 Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara, atas didikannya selama masa perkuliahan. 5. Dari semuanya, yang paling istimewa didalam hidup saya yaitu adalah ibu saya Rita Safina Siregar, serta Abang-abang saya yang selalu i Universitas Sumatera Utara memberikan semangat, dukungan, doa, serta kasih sayang yang begitu besar kepada penulis, sehingga dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini dengan baik juga terima kasih buat keluarga saya yang sudah Untuk teman-teman angkatan 2017 yang telah membuat penulis selalu semangat dalam menjalani hidup ini dan terima kasih sudah banyak Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dalam penulisan kertas karya ini, sehingga kritik dan saran diharapkan oleh penulis. Akhir kata, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih, semoga Kertas Karya ini dapat berguna bagi kita semuanya dikemudian hari. Medan, Juli 2020 Penulis, DINDA ALDILLA N. NIM : 172203022 ii Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... iii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1 1.1 Alasan Pemilihan Judul ................................................................. 1 1.2 Batasan Masalah ............................................................................ 3 1.3 Tujuan Penulisan ........................................................................... 3 1.4 Metode Penulisan .......................................................................... 3 BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM ......................................................................... 4 2.1 Pengertian Pertunjukan ................................................................. 4 2.2 Sejarah Bunraku ............................................................................ 6 2.3 Sejarah Wayang Golek .................................................................. 8 BAB III PERTUNJUKAN KESENIAN BUNRAKU DAN WAYANGGOLEK ............................................................................... 11 3.1 Unsur-unsur Seni Bunraku .......................................................... 11 3.1.1 Tayu (penyanyi) ................................................................ 11 3.1.2 Dalang ............................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Ningyo (boneka) ............................................................... 13 3.2 Unsur – unsur Seni Wayang Golek ............................................. 16 3.2.1 Sinden (penyanyi) ............................................................. 16 3.2.2 Dalang ............................................................................... 17 3.2.3 Wayang (puppet) .............................................................. 18 iii Universitas Sumatera Utara 3.3 Perbedaan dan persamaan Seni Bunraku dan Wayang Golek ..... 19 3.3.1 Pemain (puppet) ................................................................ 19 3.3.2 Dalang ............................................................................... 21 3.3.3 Penyanyi ........................................................................... 22 BAB IV KESIMPULAN & SARAN .............................................................. 24 4.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 24 4.2 Saran ............................................................................................ 25 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ABSTRAK iv Universitas Sumatera Utara BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Alasan Pemilihan Judul Budaya berasal dari kata budhi, yaitu sistem dari pemikiran dan gagasan yang terdapat dari kesadaran yang dapat mengatur perilaku manusia sebagai bentuk deretan dari aktivitas yang memiliki paradigma atau pola didalam suatu kehidupan , entitas, tindakan, intelektual serta spiritual (lihat Krueber 1958:582- 583, Williams 1961:16, Croydon 1973:4). Setiap negara memiliki berbagai jenis kebudayaan yang mempertahankan budayanya sampai saat ini, adalah negara Jepang. Jepang merupakan suatu negara yang kenal sebagai negara matahari terbit dan negara bunga sakura, kenapa begitu? Karena di negara Jepang kebanyakan beragama Shinto yang menyembah matahari sebagai tuhannya sehingga Jepang disebut negara matahari, sedangkan julukan negara bunga sakura didapatkan karena bunga sakura tumbuh banyak di negara Jepang. Bahkan mereka menyambut musim semi dengan suatu tradisi, yang disebut hanami (festival detik- detik melihat mekarnya bunga sakura). Hanami menyimbolkan kebahagiaan akan adanya musim semi, di mana pada saat itu bunga sakura sedang mekar dengan cantiknya. Di setiap budaya pasti memiliki arti tersendiri atau arti masing-masing. Dari zaman jomon sampai pada zaman hesei, orang Jepang tetap dapat melestarikan kebudayaannya sendiri. Karena Jepang memiliki budaya yang unik, hal itu membuat Jepang di kenal seluruh dunia salah satunya Indonesia. Budaya Jepang yang hingga sekarang masih tetap dirayakan dalam berbagai kesempatan adalah perayaan hanami, karena masyarakat Jepang sangat 1 Universitas Sumatera Utara mencintai budayanya dan mereka tetap mau menjaganya. Orang Jepang bersedia memakai kimono yang terkenal berat dan tebal hanya untuk menghadiri upacara pernikahan, dengan begitu kita mengetahui bagaimana cintanya warga Jepang pada kebudayaannya sendiri. terkadang kita perlu meniru cara orang Jepang dalam melestarikan kebudayaannya. Agar kebudayaan kita juga terjaga seperti kebudayaan Jepang. Salah satu kebudayaan tradisional Jepang yang eksistensinya masih dipertahankan adalah Bunraku. Bunraku merupakan salah satu budaya tradisional yang berasal dari Jepang dengan menggunakan boneka tradisional sebagai pemeran dalam pertunjukannya. Nama Bunraku sendiri diambil dari satu rombongan yaitu ningyo joruri ( 人形浄瑠璃, ningyō jōruri, boneka jōruri) dianggap oleh banyak orang sebagai boneka paling canggih teater hidup saat ini, dua-pertiga dari ukuran wayang , bekerja dengan tiga dalang yang pindah ke jenis suara manahelo dan disertai oleh seorang musisi yang memainkan alat musik shamisen. seni bunraku ini memiliki penonton di seluruh dunia dan mendorong perkembangan teater barat. Sama halnya dengan Indonesia, Indonesia juga memiliki salah satu kebudayaan yang mirip dengan kebudayaan Jepang yaitu Wayang golek. Wayang golek adalah salah satu seni pergelaran tradisional yang telah menjadi bagian dari orang Sunda. Perkembangan dunia hiburan kini lebih didominasi oleh kesenian modern, yang membuat pertunjukan kesenian wayang golek semakin jarang untuk digelarkan. Oleh karena itu, dunia pariwisata menciptakan karya baru untuk wayang golek, yaitu souvenir. Maka fungsi wayang golek pun berkembang dari seni pertunjukan menjadi seni kriya. 2 Universitas Sumatera Utara Dengan alasan tersebut penulis tertarik untuk menjadikan pertunjukan kesenian Bunraku dan Wayang golek sebagai judul dari kertas karya ini. 1.2 Batasan Masalah Penulis akan memfokuskan pembahasan kertas karya ini hanya mengenai Seni Bunraku dan Wayang golek. Untuk mendukung pembahasan ini penulis akan mengemukakan Unsur-unsur Seni boneka Bunraku dan Wayang golek serta Perbedaan Seni boneka Bunraku dengan Wayang golek. 1.3 Tujuan Penulisan Adapun tujuan penulisan kertas karya ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Menjelaskan tentang Seni Bunraku dan Wayang golek 2. Menjelaskan Unsur-unsur Seni Bunraku dan Wayang golek 3. Menjelaskan Perbedaan dan persamaan Bunraku dan Wayang golek 1.4 Metode Penulisan Dalam penulisan kertas karya ini, penulis menggunakan metode kepustakaan, yakni mengumpulkan sumber-sumber bacaan yang berupa buku dan jurnal-jurnal sebagai referensi yang berkaitan dengan pokok permasalahan dalam kertas karya ini. Selain itu, penulis juga memanfaatkan informasi dari teknologi internet sebagai referensi tambahan agar lebih akurat dan lebih jelas. 3 Universitas Sumatera Utara BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM 2.1 Pengertian Pertunjukan Pertunjukan adalah sesuatu yang dipamerkan atau penampilan suatu karya seni seperti wayang, teater
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