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Medicinal Plant Research Volume 11 Number 16, 25 April, 2017 ISSN 1996-0875

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Medicinal Plant Research Volume 11 Number 16, 25 April, 2017 ISSN 1996-0875 Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Volume 11 Number 16, 25 April, 2017 ISSN 1996-0875 ABOUT JMPR The Journal of Medicinal Plant Research is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. The Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (JMPR) is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (weekly) of articles in all areas of Medicinal Plants research, Ethnopharmacology, Fitoterapia, Phytomedicine etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in JMPR are peer reviewed. Electronic submission of manuscripts is strongly encouraged, provided that the text, tables, and figures are included in a single Microsoft Word file (preferably in Arial font). Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike Prof. Parveen Bansal Editor-in-chief Department of Biochemistry Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and University of Nigeria, Nsukka Research Nigeria Chandigarh India. Associate Editors Dr. Ravichandran Veerasamy AIMST University Dr. Ugur Cakilcioglu Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling - Elazıg Directorate of National Education 08100, Turkey. Kedah, Malaysia. Dr. Jianxin Chen Dr. Sayeed Ahmad Information Center, Herbal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Beijing, China Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard 100029, University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, China. India. Dr. Hassan Sher Dr. Cheng Tan Department of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Dermatology, first Affiliated Hospital College of Science, of Nanjing Univeristy of King Saud University, Riyadh Traditional Chinese Medicine. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. 210029 Dr. Jin Tao Professor and Dong-Wu Scholar, Dr. Naseem Ahmad Department of Neurobiology, Young Scientist (DST, FAST TRACK Scheme) Medical College of Soochow University, Plant Biotechnology Laboratory 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Department of Botany Suzhou Industrial Park, Aligarh Muslim University Suzhou 215123, Aligarh- 202 002,(UP) P.R.China. India. Dr. Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon Dr. Isiaka A. Ogunwande Department of Biological Science, Dept. Of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Ubon Ratchathani University, Nigeria. Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand. Editorial Board Prof Hatil Hashim EL-Kamali Dr. Arash Kheradmand Omdurman Islamic University, Botany Department, Lorestan University, Sudan. Iran. Prof. Dr. Muradiye Nacak Prof Dr Cemşit Karakurt Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology Gaziantep University, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey. Turkey. Dr. Sadiq Azam Samuel Adelani Babarinde Department of Biotechnology, Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Pakistan. Ogbomoso Nigeria. Kongyun Wu Department of Biology and Environment Engineering, Dr.Wafaa Ibrahim Rasheed Guiyang College, Professor of Medical Biochemistry National Research Center China. Cairo Egypt. Prof Swati Sen Mandi Division of plant Biology, Bose Institute India. Dr. Ujjwal Kumar De Indian Vetreinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP-243122 Veterinary Medicine, India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Table of Contents: Volume 11 Number 16 25 April, 2017 ARTICLES Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus from Lippia sidoides Cham. 296 Talita Pereira de Souza Ferreira, Gil Rodrigues dos Santos, Ilsamar Mendes Soares, Sergio Donizeti Ascêncio, Tarso da Costa Alvim, Chrystian de Assis Siqueira and Raimundo Wagner de Souza Aguiar Ethnobotanical study of ethnoveterinary plants in Kelem Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia 307 Tolera Fufa Feyissa, Moa Melaku shigut, Tilahun Bekele Hailemariam, Tena Regassa and Nebiyu Kassa Kergano Vol. 11(16), pp. 296-306, 25 April, 2017 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2017.6371 Article Number: 8E7286764097 ISSN 1996-0875 Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Copyright © 2017 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Full Length Research Paper Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus from Lippia sidoides Cham. Talita Pereira de Souza Ferreira1*, Gil Rodrigues dos Santos2, Ilsamar Mendes Soares1, Sergio Donizeti Ascêncio3, Tarso da Costa Alvim4, Chrystian de Assis Siqueira1 and Raimundo Wagner de Souza Aguiar1 1Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, University Campus of Gurupi, 77410-530 Gurupi, TO, Brazil. 2Agronomic Engineering, Federal University of Tocantins, University Campus of Gurupi, 77410-530 Gurupi, TO, Brazil. 3Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins, University Campus of Palmas, 77001-090 Palmas, TO, Brazil. 4Food Engineering, Federal University of Tocantins, University Campus of Palmas, 77001-090 Palmas, TO, Brazil. Received 14 March, 2017; Accepted 18 April, 2017 Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) is a species native to the Brazilian northeast, widely used in popular medicine. Its leaves were used for the isolation of endophytic fungi and extraction of metabolites. Among them, three were selected according to fungitoxicity tests against the maize phytopathogenic fungus, Curvularia lunata (Wakker). However, the objective of this study was to identify the role of L. sidoides extracts associated with their endophytic fungi, necessary to reduce excess of fungicides applied on the maize crop. Metabolites were evaluated for antioxidant activity by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), phenols, total flavonoids and one of it endophytic fungus were evaluated for synergism (Verticilium sp. and plant extracts). The endophytic fungi and plant extracts evaluated for phenolic content ranged from 0.29 ± 0.05 to 96.94 ± 11.86 mgEAG/g, the content of flavonoids from 14.31 ± 1.56 to 192.33 ± 4.58 mgER/g, and antioxidant activity could only be observed for the plant extract with EC50 81 ± 0.3%. The secondary metabolites identified by HPLC in the plant extract were catechin, quercetin, gallic acid and naringin. Naringenin, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin were identified in the extract of the fungi viz. Verticillium sp. and Fusarium sp. Synergistic analysis between a 1:1 proportion of plant and fungal extracts has shown more efficient (79.0%) inhibition of C. lunata. Thus, alternative control of phytopathogenic fungi can be accomplished using plant extracts associated with their endophytic fungi, reducing the excess of fungicides applied on the maize crop. Key words: Curvularia lunata, endophytic fungal, HPLC, extract, Verticillium sp., Fusarium sp., Colletrotrichum sp. INTRODUCTION Endophytic fungi isolated from plants belonging to important new sources of bioactive compounds for tropical regions produce more active secondary applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food metabolites than those from temperate regions, because industry (Yadav et al., 2014b; Sadananda et al., 2011). they are exposed to an environment of greater biodiversity Over time, some endophytic fungi have developed the (Bhardwaj et al., 2015). These fungi are recognized as ability to produce the same or similar bioactive Ferreira et al. 297 substances to those produced by host plants (Sharma et 1990s, it has caused economic loss in maize crop al., 2016). This lends a great advantage to the study of productivity in China (Gao et al., 2015) and has been the relationships between endophytes and their host progressing in recent years in Brazil (Assunção et al., plants (Fouda et al., 2015). Nevertheless, most of the 2006). The pathogen mainly infects maize leaves, leaf time, these valuable bioactive compounds are scarce in sheaths, and husks and causes soaked or yellow necrotic nature; therefore, the development of a substitute spots in the early stages, which then expand to round, approach for their efficient production is warranted oval, spindle-shaped, or strip lesions (Hou et al., 2013). (Kusari et al., 2013). The green leaf area of maize is considered the main More recent estimates based on high-throughput source of photoassimilates for the plant (Akram et al., sequencing methods suggest that as many as 5.1 million 2014) and, according to Liu et al. (2016), a loss in this fungal species exist (Taylor et al., 2014). The estimate of source may reflect the development of the plant and the known species has almost tripled in the period between production of grains. 1943 (38000 described species) and the present, In this paper, the objective was the isolation and amounting to an increase of more than 60000 described identification of the endophytic fungus from L. sidoides. species (Blackwell, 2011). Accordingly, endophytes are To this end, antioxidant activity, phenols and total good sources of genetic diversity and new species flavonoids, and the evaluated metabolites were identified belonging to a large group of fungi that colonize tissues by HPLC. The extracts of endophytic fungi and plants of healthy plants without causing apparent symptoms were evaluated by the selective test of fungitoxicity and (Fatima et al., 2016). They protect plants against synergism against C. lunata. herbivores, insect attack, or invading pathogens
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