Environmental Monitoring Report

Semi-Annual Report July 2019

Philippines: Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project

Prepared by the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System for the Asian Development Bank.

This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Environmental Monitoring Report

Semi Annual Report January – June 2019

ANGAT WATER TRANSMISSION IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (AWTIP)

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF IPO TO BIGTE TUNNEL No. 4 (AWTIP-ICB-CW001)

July 2019 ______AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Contents

1 Introduction 3

Background 3 Project Data 5 Project Implementation Progress 5 Overall Progress as of June 30, 2019 5 Contractors Resources 14 Site Visits/Inspections by the Supervision Consultant 17

2 Compliance with ADB Loan Covenants and applicable Government Laws, Regulations and Requirements 18

Status of Compliance with Government Environmental Requirements: 18

3 Changes in Project Scope 24 4 Summary of Environmental Mitigations and Compensation Measures 25

Review of CEMMP, IEE Compliance 25 Emission/Wastewater Discharge (Source) Monitoring Program (if relevant or required in the EMP) 39 Summary of Monitoring 39 Assessment 39 Water Quality Monitoring Program 42 Water Quality Monitoring Plan for Bigte and Ipo River 42 Sampling Stations of Bigte and Ipo River 42 Water Quality Results for Bigte Creek 42 Water Quality Results for Ipo River 58 Water Quality in IDSSP 71 Assessment of Bigte River, Ipo River and IDSSP (January to June 2019) 72 Air and Noise Quality Monitoring Program 73 Summary of Air Quality Monitoring 73 Result of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 75 Assesment3 for Air Quality Monitoring (February 2019) 75 Result of Noise Level Monitoring February 2019) 77 Assesment3 for Noise Quality Monitoring (January to June 2019) 78 Summary of Sound Level Monitoring in General Construction Sites 78 Assessment for Noise Quality Monitoring (January to June 2019) 98 Results of Tunnel Air Quality Monitoring 98 Assessment of Indoor / Tunnel Air Quality Monitoring (January to June 2019) 100 Spoil Management and Monitoring Program 100 Summary of Sediment Quality of Spoil/Excavated Materials 100 Results of Spoil Sediment Quality 101 Management of Spoil 101 Freshwater Monitoring Program 109 Dry Season 109 Wet Season 112

5 Key Environmental Issues 115

Key Activities Implemented 115 Key Issues Identified 124

AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

6 Complaint/s/Grievance/s 125

Details of Complaint/s 125 Grievance Case dated July 2, 2019 125 Grievance Case – result of investigation 126 Grievance Case Summary and Recommendation 131 Actions Taken 132

7 Conclusion and Recommendation 133

Overall Progress of Implementation of Environmental Management Measures 133

8 Appendices 134

Progress Photos 134 AWTIP Monitoring Matrix 142 Laboratory Results 149 Permits 213 Related Documentation on Hazardous Materials 232 Inventory and Management of Spoils 253 Aquatic Ecology Monitoring 267 Tunnel Geotechnical Profile 355 MMT Minutes of Meetings 356 Grievance Case Documentation 363

AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

List of Tables

Table 1. Contract Price for Design and Construction Service ...... 4 Table 2. Key Information about the Project ...... 5 Table 3. Key Project Progress ...... 5 Table 4. Summary of Activities for Tunnel Excavation ...... 6 Table 5. Summary of Activities at the Project Site ...... 10 Table 6. Workforce as of June 30, 2019 ...... 14 Table 7. Filipino Workforce as of June 30, 2019 – by geographic location...... 14 Table 8. Workforce as of June 30, 2019 – by Gender ...... 15 Table 9. Workforce as of June 30, 2019 – Dumagats ...... 15 Table 10. Workforce as of June 30, 2019 – by Age Groups ...... 15 Table 11. Staff requirement in the next 3 months ...... 16 Table 12. Contractor: CMC di Ravenna ...... 16 Table 13. Donvic Construction ...... 17 Table 14. Aquatrade ...... 17 Table 15. Permits Required for AWTIP ...... 18 Table 16. Other Permits ...... 21 Table 17. Safety Report as of June 30, 2019 ...... 22 Table 18. Summary of Mitigation and Control Measures ...... 25 Table 19. Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programmes Implemented ...... 37 Table 20. Water Quality of WTP effluent (January to June 2019) ...... 40 Table 21. Water Quality Results for SWB2A ...... 46 Table 22. Water Quality Results for SWB3 ...... 49 Table 23. Water Quality Results for SW3A ...... 52 Table 24. Water Quality Results for SWSM1 ...... 55 Table 25. Water Quality Results for SW IPO1 ...... 59 Table 26. Water Quality Results for SW IPO2 ...... 62 Table 27. Water Quality Results for SW IPO3 ...... 65 Table 28. Water Quality Results for SW IPO4 ...... 68 Table 29. Water Quality in IDSSP (Inside the Silt Curtain) ...... 71 Table 30. Results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, February 2019 ...... 76 Table 31. WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Level in General Areas ...... 77 Table 32. Noise level in Ipo Dam Compound (February 2019) ...... 77

AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 33. Noise level in San Mateo Brgy. Hall (February 2019) ...... 77 Table 34. Noise level in MWSS Bigte Compound February 2019) ...... 78 Table 35. Sound Level Monitoring ( January 9, 2019, 9:00 PM onwards) ...... 79 Table 36. Sound Level Monitoring (February 4, 2019, 9:00 PM onwards) ...... 81 Table 37. Sound Level Monitoring (March 25, 2019, 9:00 PM onwards) ...... 84 Table 38. Sound Level Monitoring (April 12, 2019) ...... 88 Table 39. Sound Level Monitoring (May 2019) ...... 91 Table 40. Sound Level Monitoring (June 2019) ...... 93 Table 41. Sound Level Monitoring (June 2019, nighttime 20:00 -22:00) ...... 96 Table 42. Tunnel Air Quality Monitoring (January to June 2019) ...... 99 Table 43. Spoil/ Excavated Materials ...... 100 Table 44. Sediment Quality of Spoil/ Excavated Material ...... 103 Table 45. Heavy Metals in Fishes, 2018 dry season ...... 110 Table 46. Heavy Metals in Fishes, 2018 wet season ...... 112 Table 47. List of grievances from January to June 2019 ...... 125

AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

List of Figures

Figure 1. Project Site ...... 4 Figure 2. TBM Location as of February, 2019 ...... 8 Figure 3. TBM Location and Profile ...... 9 Figure 4. Temporary Spoil Disposal Site Plan ...... 35 Figure 5. Temporary Spoil Disposal Site ...... 36 Figure 6. The Sampling Locations (Bigte and Ipo Rivers) ...... 43 Figure 7. Sampling Points in Bigte Creek ...... 44 Figure 8. Sampling Points in Ipo River ...... 45 Figure 9. Water Quality Sampling along Angat/Ipo River ...... 58 Figure 10. IDSSP Water Sampling Station ...... 71 Figure 11. Photo-documentation of Air Quality Monitoring ...... 74 Figure 12. Map of Air Quality Monitoring Stations ...... 75 Figure 13. Specification of the Earplugs ...... 98 Figure 14. Excavated Material and TBM advancement ...... 101 Figure 15. River Ecology Monitoring, 2018 May ...... 109 Figure 16. River Ecology Monitoring, 2018 September ...... 112 Figure 17. Bulletin Board at Ipo Elementary School...... 115 Figure 18. Bulletin Board at Barangay Bigte ...... 116 Figure 19. Public Consultations in Brgy San Mateo and Brgy Bigte ...... 116 Figure 20. First Community Assembly with Dumagats led by NCIP ...... 117 Figure 21. Second Community Assembly with Dumagats led by NCIP, 29 August 2018 ...... 118 Figure 22. MMT Site visit in 13 September 2018 ...... 120 Figure 23. MMT Site visit on November 13, 2018 ...... 120 Figure 24. MMT Site Visit in 2019 Feb.12 ...... 121 Figure 25. MMT Site visit on May 17, 2019 ...... 122 Figure 26. ADB Midterm Review Mission for AWTIP ...... 123 Figure 27. Site Investigation on July 17 to 18, 2019 ...... 129 Figure 28. Hazard Map - Rain Induced Landslide ...... 130 Figure 29. Concreting of lay bay at Sta. 0+360 ...... 134 Figure 30. Concreting of curbs and gutter at Ipo access road Sta. 0+700 ...... 134 Figure 31. Resumption of excavation to reach Elev. +94.70m and re-shaping of inlet transition ...... 135 Figure 32. Completion of the shotcrete and ditch construction at the landslide area ...... 135 Figure 33. On-going forms stripping at the retaining wall at Ipo access road Sta. 0+798 to 0+816 ...... 136

AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 34. Data collection for the piezometer equipment ...... 136 Figure 35. On-going dredging works (prior to underwater demolition works) ...... 137 Figure 36. Re-shaping works inside the inlet transition ...... 137 Figure 37. Conveyance channel foundation rebar installation for Segments 2 and 3 ...... 138 Figure 38. Conveyance channel wall forms erection at Segment 3 ...... 138 Figure 39. Conveyance channel top slab forms and rebar installation for Segment 4 ...... 139 Figure 40. Conveyance channel internal walls forms erection for Segment 3 ...... 139 Figure 41. Conveyance channel walls rebar installation for Segment 2 (left side) ...... 140 Figure 42. Outlet portal (after the removal of cement silo/ventilation duct) ...... 140 Figure 43. Operation and Maintenance of Water Treatment Plant ...... 141

AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Executive Summary

General

The Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (AWTIP) of Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) aims to improve the reliability and security of the raw water transmission system through the partial rehabilitation of the transmission system from Ipo reservoir to La Mesa Treatment Plants. The project involves the construction of Tunnel 4 which is about 6.4km long, 4m in diameter tunnel that will be used to transmit raw water from Ipo reservoir to MWSS Bigte Portal. The proposed project will be located about 50km north of Manila particularly in the barangays of San Mateo and Bigte in Norzagaray, Bulacan. Once operational, it will give MWSS the opportunity to thoroughly conduct investigation and rehabilitation of the existing three (3) old tunnels constructed in 1939, 1969 and 1992. Thus, Tunnel 4 could convey raw water while any of the existing tunnels are undergoing inspection and rehabilitation works.

The Contractor, CMC di Ravenna, monitors its performance against the CEMMP obligations. Thus, it will record non-compliance where performance does not meet the original obligations. However, this should not be taken to mean that the outcomes are bad although alternative course of actions have been adopted and recorded by CMC and MWSS.

This report highlights prevailing issues about the project. Obligations assessed as in progress, non- compliant (in specification and time schedule), and not applicable are presented in the report. A full review of the CEMMP obligations is presented in the Appendix 8.2.

The layout of this report followed the recommended ADB monitoring report format.

Assessment of Compliance

The following are the definition of remarks used to assess the CEMMP, EMP of IEE and EIA and other environment related project documents.

(a) COMPLIANT – completed according to schedule and specifications in the CEMMP and other relevant ADB policies; (b) NON-COMPLIANT – not completed according to schedule and specification and/or not according to specification; (c) IN PROGRESS – partly compliant and pending for completion (d) NOT APPLICABLE – obligations not applicable to AWTIP project (e) CANNOT DOCUMENT COMPLIANCE – insufficient document or no document provided to support assessment of compliance

A full review of the CEMMP and other relevant project documents on environment is presented in Appendix 8.2.

No grievance case reported in the period of January to June 2019. However, a grievance that occurred during the 1st week of July, 2019 is included in the report as per request of the ADB Mission as it happened during the conduct of its Mid-Term Review Mission from July 2-3, 2019.

1 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Water quality monitoring and air quality monitoring are conducted by CRL Laboratories every month and quarterly, respectively. Portable water quality meter and noise meter are being used by CMC to do their own monitoring activities. Freshwater and terrestrial ecology monitoring were conducted during dry and wet seasons in 2018.

A water treatment facility is in continuous operation for treatment of the tunnel’s effluent.

2 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019 1 Introduction

Background

The Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (AWTIP) is part of a bigger scheme of modernization and improvement of the Metro Manila Water Distribution Network. Its main source of water is generated from the Angat watershed. This is supplemented by water which is fed through the Umiray tunnel that provides around 35% of the water for domestic use to Metro Manila and parts of adjacent 2 provinces. Currently, the delivery of water from Ipo dam basin to the Bigte sedimentation plant happens through 3 tunnels, 1 of which is quite obsolete. The progressive deterioration of the existing tunnels, or the occurrence of an earthquake (which is very likely since the area is adjacent to two active faults), may seriously compromise the provision of water to millions of people. The project is located in Norzagaray, Bulacan which is around 50 km North of Manila, a municipality of 150,000 inhabitants which hosts several cement industries and is easily accessible via national highway and municipal /barangay roads. More than 95% of the water supply for Metro Manila comes from a single source: the Umiray–Angat– Ipo, or Angat system. Water from the Angat reservoir is conveyed through three parallel tunnels followed by six parallel aqueducts, to water treatment plants in Metro Manila. The treated water is then distributed to households, businesses, and industries in Metro Manila, and parts of Cavite and Rizal provinces. The transmission’s tunnel system which is about 75 years old, has not been assessed ever since. The earlier tunnels, tunnels 1 and 2 are not in compliance with current structural and seismic requirements. These factors could lead to serious interruptions of Metro Manila’s water supply. The proposed project will construct the urgently required fourth parallel tunnel. This new tunnel will not increase system capacity, but it will enable the rehabilitation or decommissioning of the upstream tunnels and downstream aqueducts. The project consists of the construction of Tunnel 4 using a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). The proposed tunnel is about 6.4 km in length and 4.2 m in internal diameter and 4.94 m in external diameter and lying adjacent to the existing Tunnel 1. The tunnel will be excavated for its entire length with a Double Shield TBM. The tunnel section is sized in order to convey a flow rate of 19 m3/s while ensuring a free surface flow. In the Double Shield TBM, a gripper mounted within the secondary shield allows the TBM to simultaneously perform the tunnel mining works and erecting the segments. Double Shield TBM is used in stable rock strata where the surrounding ground condition allows sufficient support to the gripper pads. The Double Shield TBM has been selected for its excellent productivity and safe working conditions:

• The tail shield provides a protection structure in which the lining can be erected safely in unstable ground; • The TBM has the capability to excavate and erect the lining concurrently in order to achieve the best overall advance rate; • The adjustable shield-to-rock radial clearance accommodates possible convergence and prevents the risk of shield jamming; and, • The adjustable cutter head revolution speed can be adapted to the various geological conditions that will be encountered along the tunnel drive. In stable rock, the TBM is braced radially against the tunnel with the gripper shoes. This means that the front shield can be advanced independently of the gripper shield by using the main thrust cylinders. The reaction forces during the excavation process are transferred into the rock by the extended gripper shoes.

3 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Simultaneously to tunneling, the lining segments are installed in the tail skin section. In this scenario, the TBM is working in double shield mode. The auxiliary thrust cylinders secure the position of the concrete segments installed. When the stroke is completed, the gripper shoes are retracted and the gripper shield is pushed behind the front shield using the auxiliary thrust cylinders. Re-gripping last only a few minutes, which ensures that tunneling is conducted on a near-continuous basis. The project aims to (i) help restore the full design capacity of the Angat systems and thus ensure the sustainable provision of the water supply distribution system, and (ii) mitigate the risk of a total loss of water supply to Metro Manila and portions of Cavite and Rizal provinces. Both objectives are essential for the stable economic growth of Metro Manila and the Philippines. The government has asked the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to finance this investment. Figure 1 shows the general location of the project.

Figure 1. Project Site

The Angat Water Transmission Project (AWTIP) is a design and build project consisting of Design and Construction activities (Table 1): Table 1. Contract Price for Design and Construction Service ITEM GRAND SUMMARY CONTRACT PRICE 1 Designs Services 93,516,701.06 2 Construction Services 3,198,038,168.46

Grand Total for Design Services and Construction Service (1) + (2) Php 3,291,554,869.52

4 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Project Data

Table 2. Key Information about the Project Project Name Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (AWTIP)

Components 6.4 km Tunnel Construction, Intake/Outlet Structure, and Interconnection to Basin of Aqueduct No. 5 Location Norzagaray, Ipo Dam to Bigte Basin Duration 52 months (4 years and 4 months) Design Period = 6 months Construction Period = 46 months Source of Fund Asian Development Bank (Loan 3377 PHI-AWTIP) Contractor Cooperativa Muratori Cementisti di Ravenna (Italy) Contractor’s Project Manager Mr. Orlando Cantinari Project Manager/ CO for MWSS Jose D. Dorado Jr. Consultant’s Project Manager Mr Choi Kihyung DOHWA Engineering Co. Ltd. Notice to Proceed (NTP) May 31, 2016 Actual Date of Start June 01, 2016 Target Completion September 07, 2020

Project Implementation Progress

Overall Progress as of June 30, 2019

Table 3. Key Project Progress Description Actual Actual (June Actual Plan to Date Variance to (Previous 2019) (Cumulative) Date Month) S1 Design 2.84% 0.00% 2.84% 2.84% 0.00% Services A-1 Site Facilities 1.91% 0.00% 1.92% 1.92% 0.00% A-2 Inlet Works 4.33% 0.02% 4.33% 4.11% 0.22% Including Auxiliary Mechanical Equipment A-4 Tunnel and 82.51% 0.02% 82.53% 82.59% -0.05% Portals A-4 [3.1] Tunnel 30.24% 0.00% 30.24% 30.24% 0.00% Excavation (TBM) A-4 [3.2] Haul out/ 2.77% 0.00% 2.77% 2.77% 0.00% Stockpile/ disposed excavated materials including improvement of disposal area A-4 [3.9.1] Rings 21.81% 0.00% 22.80% 22.80% 0.00% Manufactured A-4 [3.9.2] Rings 21.81% 0.00% 21.81% 21.81% 0.00% installed with pea

5 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

gravel

A-4 [3.9.3] Cement 4.88% 0.02% 4.90% 4.96% -0.05% Grouting A-3 Outlet Works 1.01% 0.44% 1.45% 0.61% 0.84%

TOTAL 92.61% 0.462% 93.072% 92.061% 1.010%

a. TBM Tunnel Excavation TBM excavation was already completed last February, 2019. The total excavation by TBM is at 6,411 m as of February 11, 2019 (Table 4 and Figs. 2 to 3). The remaining works to be completed are grouting and repair works of the concrete tunnel lining. The remaining repair works is now at the TBM section near the intake area. However, the back grouting activities was temporarily stopped to give way for the TBM disassembly. Only 254 rings at the previous TBM location remained for the back grouting. The back grouting works continued after TBM takeout and is foreseen to be completed by July 2019. Table 4. Summary of Activities for Tunnel Excavation Total excavation progress/ TBM location (m) 6, 411 Previous TBM Excavation progress (from previous months and before Feb.13, 6, 387 2019), (m) TBM Excavation progress in February 2019, (m) 24.66 Average daily TBM excavation progress in 2019 February, (m) 11 excavation days 2.24 Total number of rings installed, (no) 4,934 Rings installation progress (from previous months and before Feb.13, 2019), (No) 4,916 Rings installed in 2019 February 18 Average daily rings installed in 2019 February 2 Total excavated materials/ spoil (m3) 221, 198 Excavated materials (from previous months and before February 2019), (m3) 220, 348 Excavated materials in February 2019, (m3) 851

TBM disassembly started last May 20, 2019 and completed by the end of this reporting period. A Traffic Management Plan (TMP) was prepared for the transport of disassembled TBM parts from Ipo site to the designated storage area in Brgy. Bigte. The TMP was prepared in consultation with the Barangay LGUs. Thus, the TMP implementation was a coordinated activity among the contractor, hauler or sub-contractor, and Barangay LGUs. Underwater survey is conducted in front of the inlet diaphragm wall to assess the extent of works in preparation of the underwater excavation and demolition of existing revetment. b. Bigte Site (Conveyance Channel, New Basin 3, Aqueduct 5 and Road) Structural excavation works for the Conveyance Channel have started in March 2019. To date, excavation works for Segments 1 to 5 is completed. Backfilling and compaction works is also completed for Segment 1 to 5. Segment 6 excavation commenced in May 2019 and, to be completed upon the removal of the rails. Casting of lean concrete started late April and completed the following month for Segments 5 to 1. Structural concreting at Segment 4 started in May. As of the end of this period, foundation for Segments 4, 3, 2, and 5 were all casted. Engineered formworks from Alsina for the conveyance channel walls arrived at the site in May and Conveyance Channel Segment 4 walls were casted the following month. Partial excavation has been started in the New Basin 3 and Aqueduct 5 section to expose the existing foundation of the structure.

6 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

. c. Ipo Site The following activities are conducted at the site from January to June 2019:

• Construction of permanent access road which include the ff.: ➢ Piezometer and inclinometer monitoring ➢ Installation of wiremesh prior to shotcreting

7 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 2. TBM Location as of February, 2019

8 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 3. TBM Location and Profile

9 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

➢ Grading excavation ➢ Shotcreting ➢ Concrete casting of the catch basin and flared wing wall ➢ Casting of curbs and gutter ➢ Construction of retaining walls ➢ Soil nailing including grouting works ➢ Drilling and installation of drainage pipes ➢ Stabilization works at the landslide area

• Diaphragm Wall / Secant Piles and Inlet Structure ➢ Construction of diaphragm wall consisting of excavation, fabrication of steel reinforcement, concreting works, installation of slurry treatment plant, casting of diaphragm wall panels, and capping beam. ➢ Excavation of the intake structure started 06May19. TBM and back-up removal was completed on 07Jun19. Excavation works resumed last 10Jun19 in order to reach the required elevation of +94.70m. ➢ Excavation of the Intake Structure

The monthly activities for the project are presented in Table 5. Table 5. Summary of Activities at the Project Site Activity Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June A. TBM Tunnel Excavation 1. TBM Excavation ● a) Ch. 6+007.23 to Ch. 6+405.54 √ b) Ch. 6+405.54 to Ch. 6+430.197 √ 2. Lining Installation a) from Ring Nos. 4610 to 4916 √ b) from Ring Nos. 4916 to 4934 √ 3. Pea Gravel Backfilling √ a) from Ring Nos. 4607 to 4913 b) from Ring Nos. 4913 to 4930 √ 4. Back-grouting x x a) from 1935.4 m3 to 2515.9 m3 √ b) from 2515.9 m3 to 2953.7 m3 √ c) from 3152 m3 to 3819.6 m3 √ d) from 3819.6 m3 to 5365.1 m3 √ 5. Repair works a) Last Ring No. repaired is 4625 √ b) from Ring Nos. 4735 to 4757 √ √ b) Remaining portion is in the TBM

area √ 6. TBM Disassembly √

10 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Activity Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 7. TBM and back-up removal ● 8. Underwater survey in front of the

Inlet diaphragm wall √ √ B. Bigte Site 1. General Work Activities a) Operation of Tippler √ ● b) Hauling of excavated tunnel muck ● materials for disposal √ c) Delivery of pre-cast concrete lining ● d) Operation and maintenance of

water treatment plant (WTP) √ √ √ √ √ √ 2. Conveyance Channel, New Basin 3,

Aqueduct 5 and Access Road a) Structural excavation works 1) Segments 1 to 5 √ √ ● 2) Segment 6 √ b) Backfilling and Compaction √ c) Lean concrete casting for Segments ● 4 & 5 shear key portion √ √ d) Survey and staking out for other segments including installation of

side forms for cutoff wall /shear √ √ key for lean concreting e) Relocation of existing water line at Conveyance Channel Segment 2 √ prior to start of backfilling works f) Concreting of Conveyance Channel

Segment 4 shear key and foundation √ √ g) Erection of scaffoldings and formworks for Conveyance Channel √ Segment 4 walls h) Rebar works for Conveyance Channel Segment 3 & 2 shear key and foundation slab i) Construction of foundation for

Segments 4, 3, 2 and 5 j) Casting of Conveyance Channel

Segment 4 √ 3. Excavation for New Basin 3 &

Aqueduct 5 √ √ √ √ C. Ipo Site 1. Permanent Access Road a) Piezometer and Inclinometer

Monitoring 1) Sta. 0+750 √ 2) Different locations along Ipo √ √ √ √

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Activity Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Road b) Installation of wiremesh for the

shotcrete 1) 2nd Layer shotcrete at

Sta. 0+620 √ 2) Shotcrete at Sta. 0+860 √ c) Grading excavation at Sta. 0+740

to Sta. 0+860 √ d) Shotcreting 1) Sta. 0+850 √ 2) from Sta. 0+825 to Sta. 0+865 √ 3) from Sta. 0+740 to Sta. 0+770 √ 4) from Sta. 0+600 to Sta. 0+620 √ 5) from Sta. 0+596 to Sta. 0+621 √ √ 6) from Sta. 0+790 to Sta. 0+820 √ 7) from Sta. 0+780 to Sta. 0+820 (installation of welded wire mesh

and 2nd / final layer of √ shotcreting works) 8) from Sta. 0+510 to Sta. 0+545 √ e) Concrete casting of the catch basin

and flared wing wall at Sta. 0+741 √ √ f) Casting of curbs and gutter 1) Sta. 0+660 to Sta. 0+680 √ √ 2) Sta. 0+340 to Sta. 0+465 √ 3) Sta. 0+364 to Sta. 0+462 √ √ 4) from Sta. 0+700 to Sta. 0+705 √ g) Construction of retaining wall from

Sta. 0+798 to 0+816 √ h) Soil nailing including grouting

works 1) from Sta. 0+820 to Sta. 0+865 √ 2) from Sta. 0+600 to Sta. 0+620 √ 3) Scaffolding erection prior to soil Nailing works from Sta. 0+510 √ to Sta. 0+540 4) along Sta. 0+500 √ 5) from Sta. 0+510 to Sta. 0+545 √ √ 6) from Sta. 0+596 to Sta. 0+621 √ √ i) Drilling and installation of

drainage pipes 1) from Sta. 0+820 to Sta. 0+864 √ 2) from Sta. 0+510 to Sta. 0+540 √ 3) from Sta. 0+510 to Sta. 0+545 √ √

12 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Activity Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 4) from Sta. 0+596 to Sta. 0+621 √ √ j) Stabilization works (removal of loose soils, reshaping of slope, soil

nailing and shotcrete √ works) at the landslide area 2. Diaphragm Wall / Secant Piles and

Inlet Structure a) Construction of diaphragm wall 1) Construction of guide wall for

Diaphragm wall √ 2) Excavation works for

Diaphragm wall √ 3) Fabrication of steel reinforcement / Cages for √ Diaphragm wall 4) Concrete pouring √ 5) Preparatory works and concreting works for PCCP √ Sta. 0+360 to Sta. 0+465 6) Installation of slurry treatment plant and pipeline going to √ MW2/Intake Area 7) Casting of diaphragm wall

panels √ 8) Capping beam √ b) Construction of Intake Structure 1) Excavation √ √ D. FREY-FIL Pre-Cast Segment ● Fabrication 1. Type A Segments 649 a) Total Fabrication b) Total Delivered on Site 674 2. Type B Segments a) Total Fabrication 164 b) Total Delivered on Site 190 Notes: √ - Activity is conducted x - Activity is temporarily stopped to give way to other activities ● - Activity is completed

13 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Contractors Resources

(a) List of Construction Staff

Table 6. Workforce as of June 30, 2019 Filipino Foreigner Entity TOTAL # % # % CMC permanent staff 6 3% 14 8.5% 20 CMC contract workers / utilities 154 86.5% 0 0 154 CMC consultants 2 1% 2 1% 4 SUB-CON Don Vic Construction (AWTIP/IDSSP) 105 100% 0 0% 105 Morse Hydraulic 2 100% 0 0% 2 Thomfix/F-Balfour & Jc Chavez (Supply 11 100% 0 0% 11 manpower) ANTRAK 16 100% 0 0% 16 AQUATRADE 13 100% 0 0% 13

Table 7. Filipino Workforce as of June 30, 2019 – by geographic location Personnel Personnel Personnel Personnel Personnel employed employed employed employed employed from Brgy. from Bgry. from other from other from other Entity San Mateo Bigte Brgys. in municipalities provinces TOTAL Norzagaray / cities in Bulacan # % # % # % # % # % CMC permanent 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 20 11.5% 20 staff CMC contract 20 11.5% 22 13% 19 11% 36 20% 57 32% 154 workers / utilities CMC consultants 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 4 1% 4 SUB-CON Don Vic Construction 94 90% 9 8% 2 2% 0 0% 0 0% 105 (AWTIP/IDSSP) Morse Hydraulic 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2 100% 2 Thomfix/F- Balfour & Jc Chavez 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 7 0% 4 100% 11 (Supply manpower) ANTRAK 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 16 100% 16

AQUATRADE 1 7% 0 0% 0 0% 1 8% 11 85% 13

14 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 8. Workforce as of June 30, 2019 – by Gender Male Female Entity TOTAL # % # % CMC permanent staff 13 7% 7 4% 20 CMC contract workers / utilities 133 75% 21 12% 154 CMC consultants 3 1% 1 1% 4 SUB-CON Don Vic Construction 99 94% 6 6% 105 (AWTIP/IDSSP) Morse Hydraulic 2 100% 0 0% 2 Thomfix/F-Balfour & Jc Chavez 11 100% 0 0% 11 (Supply manpower) ANTRAK 15 94% 1 6% 16 AQUATRADE 13 100% 0 0% 13

Table 9. Workforce as of June 30, 2019 – Dumagats Male Female Entity TOTAL # % # % CMC permanent staff 0 0% 0 0% 0 CMC contract workers / utilities 0 0% 0 0% 0 CMC consultants 0 0% 0 0% 0 SUB-CON Don Vic Construction 64 91% 6 9% 70 (AWTIP/IDSSP) Morse Hydraulic 0 0% 0 0% 0 Thomfix/F-Balfour & Jc Chavez 0 0% 0 0% 0 (Supply manpower) ANTRAK 0 0% 0 0% 0 AQUATRADE 1 100% 0 0% 1

The project implements environmental monitoring programs. Such monitoring surveys require local guides/ assistance. It should be noted that there were 5 Dumagats from Ipo Dam site who assisted in River Ecology Monitoring.

Table 10. Workforce as of June 30, 2019 – by Age Groups 18-25 26-35 36-45 46-60 Over 60 Entity TOTAL # % # % # % # % # % CMC permanent staff 0 0% 4 2% 10 6% 5 3% 1 1% 20 CMC contract workers 25 14% 42 23% 44 25% 43 24% 0 0% 154 / utilities CMC consultants 0 0% 0 0% 1 1% 3 1% 0 0% 4 SUB-CON Don Vic Construction 25 24% 44 42% 26 25% 10 10% 0 0% 105 (AWTIP/IDSSP)

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18-25 26-35 36-45 46-60 Over 60 Entity TOTAL # % # % # % # % # % Morse Hydraulic 1 50% 1 50% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2 Thomfix/F-Balfour & Jc Chavez (manpower 0 0% 7 64% 4 36% 0 0% 0 0% 11 supply) ANTRAK 0 0% 13 81% 3 19% 0 0% 0 0% 16

AQUATRADE 1 7.5% 1 8% 10 77% 1 7.5% 0 0% 13

(b) Recruitment Table 11. Staff requirement in the next 3 months

No. of Required

Mobile Crane (80 Ton) Operators 2 Mobile Crane (300 Ton) Operators 2

(c) List of Equipment Table 12. Contractor: CMC di Ravenna Item Quantity Generator Set 6 Air Compressor 5 Telescopic Handler 1 Forklift 1 Backhoe Ladder 1 Welding Machine 6 Tower Light 3 Dropside Vehicle 1 Locomotive 4 High Pressure Washer 2 Submersible Pump 3 60 Ton Crane 1 Mini Backhoe 1 Grouting Plant 1 Tipper Machine 1 Plate Compactor 1 Concrete Vibrator 2 Arc gouging machine 1 Backhhoe loader (Ipo) (rental) 1 Vibratory Compactor (rental) 1 One bagger mixer (rental) 2 Shotcrete machine (rental) 2 Excavator (CAT 320) (rental) 1 Hydraulic Breaker (rental) 1 Dump Truck (rental) 1 Boom Truck (rental) 1

16 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Long arm Backhoe (rental) 1 Pumpcrete (rental) 1 TOTAL 53

Table 13. Donvic Construction Quantity Item

Mini dump truck 1 Jackhammer 2 Plate compactor 1 Welding machine 2 TOTAL 6

Table 14. Aquatrade Quantity Item

Service vehicle 1 Rubber boat 1 Fontoon 1 Compressor 2 TOTAL 5

Site Visits/Inspections by the Supervision Consultant

The construction supervision consultants, DOHWA Engineering Co., Ltd., have been commissioned by MWSS. The consultants started in September 2018. The DOHWA has an International and National Environment Specialists for the environmental supervision of the project. The National Environment Specialist or together with the International Environment Specialist is conducting at least two (2) days per week monitoring of compliance with the mitigation measures specified in the EMP. Ocular inspection of the work areas, the activities of contractors and subcontractors, and the operation of installed structures and/or facilities for mitigation measures are conducted to verify the compliance. Any lapses or noncompliance noted during the site inspection is directly discussed and communicated to the concerned contractor or subcontractors for immediate implementation of corrective measures and actions.

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2 Compliance with ADB Loan Covenants and applicable Government Laws, Regulations and Requirements

Status of Compliance with Government Environmental Requirements:

Table 15 presents the permits acquired for the project. Copy of the permits is in Appendix 8.4 of this report. Table 15. Permits Required for AWTIP Environmental Permits Date of Issue/ remarks Expiry Date Laws Please refer to Section 3 (k) of Republic Act 6234, as amended, allows the MWSS “to construct work across , over, through and/or alongside any stream, watercourse, canal, ditch, flume, street, avenue, highway or railway, whether public or private as the location of said works may A/C No. require; X X X the system is hereby given the right-of-way to (Authority to locate, construct, and maintain such works over and Construct) P.D. 984 (Pollution throughout the lands, including any street, avenue or highway - Control Law) owned by the Republic of the Philippines, or any of its branches, or political subdivisions, and is given right of immediate entry and to prosecute any undertaking thereon without any further requirement or restriction other than due notice to the office or entity concerned X X X” PO No. Please see row on RA 8749 (Phil. Clean Air Act) of (Permit to Operate) this table ECC -CO-1508-0022 - 7 May 2017.

The certificate shall cover the following: 1. construction of water tunnel #4 with 6.4 kilometer length and 4 m diameter from Ipo ECC1 Dam, Barangay San Mateo to Barangay Bigte, (Environmental with associated facilities such as Contractor’s Compliance Certificate) PD 1586 Work areas, Spoil Disposal Sites as enumerated

(Establishing EIS in the EIS

System) 2. Repair and rehabilitation works of Tunnel Nos 1,2,3 3. Water transmission operations of Tunnels No 1,2,3 and 4 for an aggregate water flow of up to 43 m3/sec 4. Fencing of the Right-of- way ECC2 Not applicable. No change in project ECC3 Not applicable. No change in project DENR Registry ID GR-R3-14-01197 CCO Registry RA 6969 (Toxic (Chemical Control Not applicable. Substances and Order) Hazardous and Importer Not applicable. Nuclear Waste) Clearance No PTT-R3-14-01368 2018 Feb.06 Permit to 06 August 2018 Transport M-PTT-R3-14-2018-01355

December 17, 2018

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Environmental Permits Date of Issue/ remarks Expiry Date Laws P.D 984 (Water Discharge Permit Discharge Permit No. DP-18K-03BU-2381-R 2019 November 30 Pollution) A/C No. FLA- 17J-03BU-549 (1-unit 40KW Standby Gen 2018 October 30 Set) 2017 October 20

Certificate of final electrical inspection was given to PO No.1 CMC by the LGU Norzagaray for the 50KVA (control number 28787) Genset for temporary power. Date issued on 10 August 2018. Renewed: October 30, 2019

FLA- 17J-03BU-550 (1-unit 20KW Standby GenSet) 2018 October 30 2017 October 20

Certificate of final electrical inspection was given to PO No.2 CMC by the LGU Norzagaray for the 25KVA (control number 28789) Genset for temporary power. Date issued on 10 August 2018 Renewed: 17 September 2018 October 30, 2019 FLA-18J-03BU-550 (1-unit 20KW Standby Genset) 2019 October 30 2018 September 17

PO No. 3 Certificate of final electrical inspection was given to CMC by the LGU Norzagaray for the 25KVA (control number 28789) Genset for temporary power. Date issued on 10 August 2018 RA 8749 (Phil Clean Air Act) FLA-18J-03BU-549 (1-unit 40KW Standby Genset) 2019 October 30 2018 September 17

PO No. 4 Certificate of final electrical inspection was given to CMC by the LGU Norzagaray for the 50KVA (control number 28787) Genset for temporary power. Date issued on 10 August 2018 FLA-18H-03BU-825 (1-unit 100KW Temporary 2019 August 30 Diesel Genset) 2019 August 02 P.O No. 5 Certificate of final electrical inspection was given to CMC by the LGU Norzagaray for the 125KVA (control number 28790) Genset for temporary power. Date issued on 2018 August 10 FLA-18G-03BU-815 (1-unit 80KW Temporary 2019 July 30 Diesel Genset)

P.O No. 6 Certificate of final electrical inspection was given to CMC by the LGU Norzagaray for the 100KVA (control number 28788) Genset for temporary power. Date issued on 2018 August 10 POA- 19A-03BU-2420 (1 unit 150 KVA Diesel 2020 January 30 P.O No. 7 Generator Set 2019 March 7

19 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Environmental Permits Date of Issue/ remarks Expiry Date Laws Tree cutting permit dated September 23, 2016 (10 September 30, 2016 assorted tree species in Bigte) issued by CENRO Tabang Tree cutting permit dated October 5, 2016 (38 October 20, 2016 mixed trees in Brgy San Mateo and Bigte) issued by MENRO Norzagaray Tree cutting permit dated November 10, 2016 (10 November 25, 2016 assorted fruit tree species in Bigte) issued by CENRO Tabang March 31, 2017 Tree cutting permit dated March 16, 2017 (10

assorted fruit tree species in the Ipo Dam Access

Road) issued by CENRO Tabang

Tree cutting permit dated April 3, 2017 (10 assorterd April 18, 2017 fruit tree species in the Ipo Dam Access Road) issued by CENRO Tabang Tree cutting permit dated April 21, 2017 (10 May 6, 2017 PD 705 (The assorted fruit tree species in the Ipo Dam Access Forestry Reform Road) issued by CENRO Tabang Tree Cutting Permit Code Of The April 4, 2017 Philippines) Tree cutting permit dated March 20, 2017 (50 trees in Brgy San Mateo and Bigte) issued by MENRO Norzagaray Tree cutting permit dated January 29, 2018 (20 February 14, 2018 assorted fruit tree species in the Ipo Dam Access Road) issued by CENRO Tabang Tree cutting permit dated February 1, 2018 (10 February 16, 2018 assorted fruit tree species in the Ipo Dam Access Road) issued by CENRO Tabang Tree cutting permit dated February 26, 2018 (15 March 13, 2018 assorted fruit tree species in the Ipo Dam Access Road) issued by CENRO Tabang Tree cutting permit dated March 13, 2018 (25 April 13, 2018 assorted fruit tree species in the Ipo Dam Access Road) issued by CENRO Tabang Tree cutting permit dated November 26, 2018 (4 December 1, 2018 fruit bearing trees/ miscellaneous species) issued by CENRO Guiguinto

The acquired tree cutting permits allowed the project to cut a total of 208 assorted trees within the project construction area. To date, the project only cut a total of 172 trees; on which the replacement seedlings should be about 17,200 seedlings. RADSI and Briquettors Association of the Philippines were contracted to provide a total of 25,000 replacement seedlings. CMC already requested document showing receipt of replacement seedlings from DENR. To date, CMC secured the acknowledgement of the 8,500-seedling replacement (CENRO acknowledgement dated 10 July 2018); 13,800 seedlings (CENRO acknowledgement dated 7 September 2018) from Community Environment and Natural Resources Office –Guiguinto, Bulacan; and 2,700 assorting seedlings of forest trees (CENRO

20 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

acknowledgement dated 26 November 2018) from Community Environment and Natural Resources Office – Guiguinto, Bulacan. Table 16. Other Permits Permits Date of Issue/ remarks Expiry Date Remarks Land use permit (2017 –LUP-03) Land use Permit issued by 25 years (Approx. dated 14 July 2017 was issued by NPC July 2042) NPC to MWSS May 30, 2017 December 30, 2017 expired and renewed Garbage Hauling and January 1, 2018 December 30, 2018 expired and renewed Disposal January 1, 2019 December 30, 2019 Permit number: 2017-0722 December 31, 2017 Expired and renewed Date of Issue: June 5, 2017 Permit number: 2018-0126 Mayor’s Permit December 31, 2018 Expired and renewed Date of Issue: January 11, 2018 Permit number: 2019-0313 December 31, 2019 Date of Issue: January 16, 2019 Excavation/slope Permit number: 2017-11-0090

stabilization Permit November 29, 2017 BP #2017-11-0091 Storage Building Permit November 29, 2017 Fire safety inspection FSIC No. R 03-314-102-S2018 April 16, 2019 Certificate Renewed March 25, 2020 PCO Accreditation – September 26, 2017 September 29, 2020 Hector Veloso Building Permit No 2018- 03-0001 Applied at the Municipality of Norzagaray on 22 Demolition Permit March 2018 (Permit to demolish

pedestrian bridge of the 22 March 2018 Name of proponent to be Old Ipo Dam watch amended from MWSS/ tower) CMC to MWSS/ CMC/ Maynilad/ Manila Water

Completed in July 2018 In progress. 2017 08 17-18 Field based investigation by NCIP

Free and Prior Informed 2018 0804 First

Consent (FPIC) Community Assembly

2018 0829 second community assembly

21 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Permits Date of Issue/ remarks Expiry Date Remarks 2018 0914 Consensus Building. However postponed.

2018 1009 scheduled Consensus Building however postponed by NCIP.

2018 1218 MOA Negotiation at MWSS Compound, Brgy Bigte, Norzagaray

Table 17. Safety Report as of June 30, 2019 (+) Added/(-) Previous To Date Reduced this period Average Manpower 307 -30 277 CMC di Ravenna 180 -4 176 Sub-contractor 127 -26 101 Safe Man-hours 1,863,247,00 76,212,00 1,939,459,00 CMC di Ravenna 1,077,867,00 46,728,00 1,124,525,00 Sub-contractor 785,380,00 29,484,00 814,864,00 Major Incidents 0 0 0 Minor Incidents 3 0 3 Slight Incidents 10 0 10 Activity Previous This Period To Date Incidents / Cases Vehicle Incidents 8 0 8 Near Misses 19 0 19 First-Aid Cases 10 0 10 Medical Treatment Cases 3 0 3 Lost-Time Cases 0 0 0 Restricted Work Cases 0 0 0 Non-Work Related Cases Nurse Consultation 2,033 131 2,164 Meeting No. of Safety Meeting 87 4 91 No. of Toolbox Meeting 1,479 48 1,527 No. of People Oriented/ 1,332 26 1,358 Inducted No. of Observations 534 13 545

22 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

(+) Added/(-) Previous To Date Reduced this period No. of Inspection Audits 194 4 198 Training Activity No. of people trained 55 0 55 (Hand and Power Tools) No. of people trained 47 0 47 (PPE) No. of People Trained 116 0 116 (Fire Prevention) No. of People Trained 66 0 66 (Ladder Safety) No. of People Trained 163 0 163 (Confined Space) No. of People Trained 31 0 31 (Working at Heights) No. of People Trained 40 0 40 (First Aid and CPR) No. of People conducted 24 0 24 for Alcohol Test No. of Emergency and 5 0 5 Evacuation Drill No. of Drivers Trained 26 0 26 (Defensive Driving) No. of people Trained 35 0 35 (Electrical Safety) No. of People Trained (Hazardous Materials 8 0 8 Handling) No. of People Trained (Disaster Awareness and 113 0 113 Management) No. of People Trained 42 0 42 (Self Resuscitator) No. of People Trained 23 0 23 (Refuge Chamber) No. of People Trained 21 0 21 (SCBA)

A weekly coordination scheduled every Thursday among the contractor, sub-contractors, and EHS Safeguards are being conducted. The environmental, health and safety concerns that occurred or noted during the past week were discussed together with the mitigation measures implemented to prevent its re-occurrence. The best practices implemented consist of previous earthquake drill last December 2018 and a fire drill in March 2019 (Table 17). Minor injury which is mostly laceration happened from previous periods but no major and minor injury happened during the reporting period. Likewise, vehicular accident also happened from previous periods but not for this period.

23 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

3 Changes in Project Scope

No change in project scope.

24 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

4 Summary of Environmental Mitigations and Compensation Measures

The contractor, CMC di Ravenna, monitors its performance against contractual obligations stated in various project documents such as the CEMMP, Employer’s Requirement Document, Environmental Compliance Certificate, IEE, among others. This section of the report highlights major measures implemented and prevailing issues about the project. Obligations which are assessed as in progress, non-compliant (in specification and time schedule), and not applicable are presented in this section. Review of CEMMP, IEE Compliance

A full review of the CEMMP, IEE, and other obligations is presented in the compliance matrix in Appendix 8.2 of this report. Table 18 presents a summary of prevailing issues and implemented mitigation measures. Table 18. Summary of Mitigation and Control Measures Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect Physical Soil and Protect slopes with Compliant (Land) Erosion due any one or Environ to: combination of ment bonded fiber · soil matrices, erosion disturbance control blankets, · vegetation silt fence, fiber clearing rolls, and keeping stormwater off the slopes through diversion channels and/or berms. Ipo Contractor’s Work Area The project site in Ipo is characterized by

25 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect steep slopes of transported materials and loose soil. With this area condition, slope stabilization had been done along some sections of the road by installation of threaded rock bolts/ soil nails. A permit for this activity at Ipo Slope stabilization at Ipo construction site in the background. construction site has been issued in November 2017 prior to start of work. To date, the slope stabilization works is almost complete.

Silt curtains have been installed in May 2018 to contain and prevent the

dispersion of Silt curtain installed to contain sediment coming from the Ipo construction site. sediments from construction area that could have .

26 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect been conveyed in Ipo Dam.

Bigte Contractor’s Work Area

Installation of geocomposite steel mesh with anchor bolts at the portals; Tippler area and railway with embedded geotextile Provision of geotextile in the slopes along the railway going to tippler area and also at the tippler area

Immediate compaction of exposed area and regular collection of excavated soil for transport to designated disposal area

27 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect Water Impact on At the active work Compliant surface water sites quality due to/ from: Mitigation or containment of · Contamina contaminants thru: nts from · Provision of materials used adequate sanitation and facilities and water construction supply at work activities and sites and workers’ processes camp.

· Siltation Enforcing from soil observance of erosion, spoil good sanitation Construction of septic tank for CMC Office. disposal area, practices by dewatering workers. excavations, etc Construction of toilet facilities with · Deteriorati septic tanks at on of water CMC office. quality in Ipo Dam and Portalets are Bigte River provided in all Tributary construction sites. during The portalets are construction scheduled for 2 times / week siphoning by DENR-accredited domestic waste hauler and treater. Treatment facility of water supply (drinking and domestic) for construction workers.

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Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect Constructed drainage canal in the work area with Water treatment plant at Industrial area is already constructed in May 2018. sedimentation pond for collection of settled sediments for hauling to designated disposal area.

Treatment of the wastewater generated from the tunneling operation thru the continuous operation of the Water Treatment Water Treatment Plant in Bigte. Plant (WTP) High coliform was reported in segment of surface water where there are communities along the riverbanks. Although, the construction camp is near the riverbank, portalets has been provided.

Portalets provided at construction sites.

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Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect

Sedimentation ponds in Ipo; and Bigte prior to treatment of water to WTP

Construction area at the inlet is a steep slope. No spillage reported in January to June 2019.

Monthly water quality monitoring is being done by CRL Laboratories with the following parameters: temperature, pH, electric conductivity, turbidity, color, TDS, ORP, dissolved oxygen, BOD, coliform (total and fecal) and heavy metals (See sampling location and results on the report). · Mitigating Compliant sedimentation Provided diaphragm wall when building inlet structure. The diaphragm wall is a

30 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect watertight wall that confines the excavated soils within the inlet structure and prevents the potential deposition of sediments at the other side or in Ipo Dam. The excavated soil at the inlet structure is collected for disposal at the designated spoil disposal area. Ground b) lowering of The proposed Not water water level of monitoring of Applicable There were no water cell/ aquifer traversed by the TBM during tunnel excavation along the wells in nearby groundwater alignment which is characterized to have community above ground. Thus, action is deemed not communities depletion was not needed. due to conducted since tunneling, no water cell or pumping/extr aquifer was acting of detected during tunnel the tunneling drainage water operation. Solid Land and A storage area for Compliant Hazardous wastes are stored in secured HazWaste facility. Majority of the hazardous wastes is the and water hazardous wastes used oil/ grease utilized during the operation of the TBM. Hazardo contamination is constructed for us its temporary Discussion about hazmat handling and storage procedure are included in the weekly toolbox Wastes deposition prior to meeting. the hauling, treatment and Training about spillage control is done. Procedures are posted onsite.

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Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect disposal by DENR-accredited Spill kits are available onsite. Stocks of spill kits available at the warehouse. TSD facility. A Certificate of Certificate of Treatment was issued to CMC by Genetron International Marketing for the storage, Treatment signed treatment, destruction and disposal of 10 metric ton of used oil. The used oil was treated by process by the EMB- of oil re-fining and thermal treatment. DENR is being provided to CMC by the contracted TSD facility upon Oil absorbent booms are installed along the invert of the tunnel. Water treatment plant is already final treatment of constructed in May 2018. hazardous wastes.

The storage of hazardous material / waste in the designated area is presented below: - Drum of oil and grease is stocked above a pallet in a chemical storage area with roof - Used oil / grease is stored in a metal drum which is tightly closed with pallet underneath. - Oil-contaminated materials such as Temporary Storage Area for oil and grease (June 2019) oily rags, used sorbent pads and spill kits are placed in metal drum which is tightly

32 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect covered and with pallet underneath. - Empty bags of chemicals are stored separately in a plastic or carton box according to type of chemical.

Used oil near the diesel tank area and transportation of used oil on June 13, 2019 Generation of The spoil disposal Compliant The location of the spoil disposal has been surveyed prior to confirming the area to be suitable as spoil and spoil area is selected spoil disposal site. disposal. More with the following than characteristics: Sediment quality of spoil has been monitored for the following parameters with the laboratory result 150,000m3 is - Confined to solid and assessment indicated in Tabe 44 and Section 4.5.2, respectively: expected to be ground generated due - Area is a previous a) Total Nitrogen (mg/kg) g) Iron (mg/kg) to tunneling quarry site which b) Total Phosphorus (mg/kg) h) Lead (mg/kg) works, which has low ecological c) Oil and Grease (mg/kg) i) Manganese (mg/kg) is about and agricultural d) Potassium (K) (mg/kg) j) Nickel (mg/kg) 190,000 m3 value. e) Chromium (mg/kg) k) Zinc (mg/kg) loose volume. - Does not occupy f) Copper** (mg/kg) a drainage line and Contaminatio is reltively far from n of spoil with nearest settlement . oil from the and waterbody operation of the TBM Characterized the

33 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Environ Potential Mitigating Compliance mental Remarks Impact Measures Status Aspect spoil sediments in Exposure / terms of its Release of inherent contaminant components and which is an potential oil inherent contamination component of from the tunneling the spoil operation.

Spoil heaps are stable due to interlocking of fragmented jaggy rocks and provided with drainage canal along its periphery.

The spoil is being given as free filling materials to government projects needing backfill materials to minimize the volume of spoil to Google Earth view of the Mapolcom Quarry be disposed. A river was found at 300 meters southeast of the disposal site. The residence of the quarry’s owner tenant was observed at 40 m west of the disposal site.

Spoil is provided as filling materials (or as sub-basecourse) to Brgy. Bigte, San Mateo and Minuyan (see Appendix 8.6)

34 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Spoil Disposal Site The MAPOLCOM area was offered as disposal site exclusively for the spoils to be generated from the AWTIP tunneling (Fig. 4). The site plan of the Spoil Disposal Area has the following scheme. The disposal of spoil will be according to the chronological order of area number. However, Area Spoil 5 and 7 are designated to be used during the wet season to minimize the footprint of truck going around the area. A backhoe was used to flatten and move some of the spoil to other nearby spoil areas. This is why in July-September 2018, the excavated materials/ spoil can be observed towards that entry of the disposal site. CMC is now in the process of final inspection and subsequent issuance of Certificate of Completion to MAPOLCOM.

Figure 4. Temporary Spoil Disposal Site Plan

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Disposal Area February 2019

Disposal Area May 2019 Figure 5. Temporary Spoil Disposal Site

36 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 19. Summary of Environmental Monitoring Programmes Implemented EMP Requirement (list Compliance Location Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non- Required Action and Target Dates to all mitigation measures Attained Compliance Achieve Compliance specified in the EMP/CEMP/SEMP) 1. Water Quality Compliant Ipo and Bigte River Partial Compliance. Activity still ongoing. Schedule of surface water quality monitoring: Monitoring • January 8, 2019 Visual monitoring through photograph and Video • February 20, 2019 documentation. • March 5-7, 2019

• April 17, 2019 Water quality sampling is conducted monthly for surface water and water treatment plant by CRL • May 28, 2019 Laboratories. • June 5, 2019 • July 8, 2019 The parameters for the surface water are the • August 15, 2019 following: Temperature, pH, electric conductivity, turbidity, color, TDS, ORP, dissolved oxygen, Schedule of effluent monitoring: BOD, coliform (Total and Fecal) and heavy metals (See sampling location and results on the report). • January 16, 2019 • February 20, 2019 • March 5-7, 2019 Water samples from Basin 2, the source of water • April 17, 2019 supply for TBM, has also been collected and analyzed last December 2017 with the following • May 15, 2019 parameters: temperature, TSS, electric conductivity, • June 5, 2019 turbidity, color and TDS. • July 8, 2019 • August 15, 2019

2. Air quality monitoring Compliant Ambient air quality monitoring is conducted Schedule of Air Quality Monitoring: quarterly by CRL Laboratories. • February 18-20, 2019 A sound level meter was procured by CMC to • May 7-10, 2019 monitor the noise level during construction period • August 15, 2019 as one of the requirements of ADB and DENR. Noise monitoring started on 28 October 2017. 3. Freshwater ecology Compliant Freshwater ecology monitoring is done during wet

37 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

EMP Requirement (list Compliance Location Comment on Reasons for Partial or Non- Required Action and Target Dates to all mitigation measures Attained Compliance Achieve Compliance specified in the EMP/CEMP/SEMP) monitoring and dry seasons.

5. Social and Partial Residences near Bulletin boards for IEC purpose were installed in IEC is a continuous activity by updating the environmental awareness construction area and the barangay halls of Brgys. Bigte and San Mateo project bulletin boards installed in Brgys. Bigte tunnel ROW on June 19-20, 2017. and San Mateo Barangay Halls; Ipo Elementary School. FPIC process is in progress.

MMT was already formed. CMC is funding MMT meetings. MMT meetings held:

- July 27, 2017 - August 28, 2017 - Sept. 5, 2017 - May 3, 2018 - Sept. 13, 2018 - Nov. 13, 2018 - Feb. 12, 2019 - May 17, 2019 6. Public Health and Safety Compliant Health and safety staff are hired. Detailed grievance Applicable measures implemented. procedure was formulated in July 2017.

38 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Emission/Wastewater Discharge (Source) Monitoring Program (if relevant or required in the EMP)

Summary of Monitoring

A water treatment plant (WTP) is operational since May 2018. The effluent samples were collected from January to June 2019 at the outlet just after treatment in the WTP. The results of the laboratory analysis of the samples are compared to effluent standards as stipulated in DAO 2016-08. The water quality results are presented in Table 20.

Assessment1

The water quality results for the treated effluent in the WTP from January to May 2019 are within the General Effluent Standards (Table 20). BTEX, and TPH are reported below the detection limit..Except for chromium, manganese and zinc, most of the heavy metals are below the detection limit. However, the chromium showed exceedance with the Effluent Standard. The relatively high pH of the effluent from the tunnelling could be due to the high volume of effluent and mineral composition of the generated spoils with limited capacity of acid dosage in the WTP. Majority of the minerals in the spoils are alkaline forming such as zinc, iron, manganese and nickel and it is possible that exposed minerals could have been dissolved in the tunnelling process and is carried by the effluent for treatment at the WTP. A water leak emerged during the tunnelling and is now contributing water for treatment at the WTP. The additional volume from the leak is not included in the design of the treatment process causing relatively high pH of the treated effluent which is only slightly below the limit. There was slight increase in temperature of the effluent as compared to the water in the creek since the former is being used primarily as cooling water for the operation of the TBM. The traces of oil and grease in the effluent could be attributed to the lubrication of the TBM cutter head.

1 Discharge levels should be compared to the relevant discharge standards and/or performance indicators noted in the EMP. Any exceedances should be highlighted for attention and follow-up. In addition, discharge levels could be compared to baseline conditions (if baseline data is available) and described in qualitative terms or be evaluated based on a ranking system, such as the following: 1. Very Good (overall conditions are generally improved) 2. Good (conditions are maintained or slightly improved) 3. Fair (conditions are unchanged) 4. Poor (conditions are moderately degraded) 5. Very Poor (conditions are significantly degraded) Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary.

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AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 20. Water Quality of WTP effluent (January to June 2019) (Class B DAO 2016-08, 2019 2019 2019 2019 Parameter Unit Reference Remarks Effluent Jan.16 Feb.20 Mar 21 May 15 Standards) Physical Characteristics Temp (°C change)2 3 °C DAO 2016-08 0.5 ------compliant TSS 85 mg/L DAO 2016-08 11 23 14 12 compliant Color 100 TCU DAO 2016-08 3 3 5 3 compliant pH 6.0-9.0 DAO 2016-08 7 7.4 8.8 -- compliant Inorganic and nonmetallic

constituents Nitroge as NO¯ a 14 mg/L DAO 2016-08 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 compliant

organic and biological constituents Ammonia 0.5 mg/L DAO 2016-08 0.06 0.03 0.1 0.007 compliant Oil and Grease 5 mg/L DAO 2016-08 0.52 -- -- 1.5 compliant Elements Arsenic (As) 0.02 mg/L DAO 2016-08 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 <0.008 compliant Cadmium (Cd) 0.003 mg/L DAO 2016-08 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 compliant Chromium Hexavalent Non- 0.01 mg/L DAO 2016-08 <0.005 <0.005 0.02 0.02 compliant Dissolved Copper (Cu) 0.04 mg/L DAO 2016-08 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 compliant Lead (Pb) 0.02 mg/L DAO 2016-08 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 compliant Manganese (Mn) 2 mg/L DAO 2016-08 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 compliant Mercury (Hg) 0.002 mg/L DAO 2016-08 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 compliant

2 General Effluent Standard values for temperature is the temperature difference of the background value and discharge point. -

40 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

(Class B DAO 2016-08, 2019 2019 2019 2019 Parameter Unit Reference Remarks Effluent Jan.16 Feb.20 Mar 21 May 15 Standards) Nickel (Ni) 0.2 mg/L DAO 2016-08 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 compliant Zinc (Zn) 4 mg/L DAO 2016-08 0.02 0.01 0.007 0.007 compliant BTEX compliant Benzene compliant 0.1 mg/L DAO 2016-08 ND -- ND -- Ethylbenzene DAO 2016-08 compliant 1 mg/L ND -- ND -- m/p-Xylene DAO 2016-08 compliant 0.3 mg/L ND -- ND --

Toluene 0.5 mg/L DAO 2016-08 ND -- ND -- compliant TPH TPH as GRO (Gasoline compliant mg/L DAO 2016-08 ND ND ND -- Range Organics, C6-C10 TPH C10-C14 100 mg/L DAO 2016-08 ND ND -- -- compliant

TPH C15-C28 100 mg/L DAO 2016-08 ND ND -- -- compliant TPH C29-36 100 mg/L DAO 2016-08 ND ND -- -- compliant

ND = not detected or below the method detection limit of the analysis/test -- = no measurement

41 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Water Quality Monitoring Program

Water Quality Monitoring Plan for Bigte and Ipo River

Freshwater quality sampling in Angat River and Bigte Creek are conducted monthly by CRL Laboratories. The Angat Upper Reach between Angat Dam and Ipo Dam is classified as Class B fresh surface water3. Bigte Creek is not yet classified but it is also assumed to be Class B to ensure optimal use of water since bathing is observed in some sections of the creek. Water samples were collected by grab sampling technique from four sampling points at 5 km upstream to 0.8 km downstream of Ipo Dam. The sampling stations for Bigte Creek included sections receiving drainage generated at construction site and before its confluence with Sta. Maria River, and at Sta. Maria River just after the confluence with Bigte Creek. No water sampling was conducted at SWB1 or at Bigte Creek near the project outlet since it was dry from January to June 2019. Sampling Stations of Bigte and Ipo River

Below are sampling points of the water quality samples collected from January to May 2019 (Figs. 6 to 8). Measures in red are parameters with exceedances according to DAO 2016-08. The results of January to April were compared with the 2014 dry season baseline while May 2019 results were compared with the 2013 wet season baseline. Water Quality Results for Bigte Creek

Below are the laboratory results of the water quality samples collected in Bigte Creek and Sta. Maria River from January to May 2019 (Tables 21 to 24). Measures in red are parameters with exceedances according to DAO 2016-08. The results of January to April were compared with the 2014 dry season baseline while May 2019 results were compared with the 2013 wet season baseline.

3Angat River Upper Reach is classified as Class B river as listed in the List of classified rivers (2004). This classification is based on DAO 1990-34 and now superseded by DAO 2018-08. The description of surface water classification is the same in both DAOs. Hence for comparison to standards, the water quality results will be compared to Class B for which Angat River is classified.

42 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 6. The Sampling Locations (Bigte and Ipo Rivers)

43 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 7. Sampling Points in Bigte Creek

44 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 8. Sampling Points in Ipo River

45 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 21. Water Quality Results for SWB2A SWB2A Parameter Adopted Water Quality of Bigte Creek in the section drains out from construction site Criteria (Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan.19, Feb.20, Apr. 17, May 28, DAO 2016- (May to (Novembe Year/ quarter 08) 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) r to April) Physical Characteristics In situ In situ

Temp (°C) 26-30 DAO 2016-08 - 27.10 25.6 24.9 30.8 28.8 Salinity (%) b parameter not included in - - 12.16 - 8.2 - 9.1 DAO 90-34 TSS 65 DAO 2016-08 - 12 - - - - Electric Cond. (mS/cm) b parameter not included in - - 190.0 144.83 158 196 193 DAO 2016-08 Turbidity (NTU) b EP (Water Quality) Policy 20 - 24.10 8.43 2 - 12 2003, ANZECC Colour (Apparent, PCU) 50 DAO 2016-08, class B - 10 - 8 - 10

TDS parameter not included - - 120.40 90.75 92 123.4 123 inDAO 2016-08 pH 8.12 6.50-8.50 DAO 2016-08 - 8.43 7.7 8.6 8

Inorganic and

nonmetallic constituents Total Nitrogen DAO 2016-08 - - - 4.1 - 8.1

a Nitroge as NO¯ 7 DAO 2016-08 - 0.02 - 0.2 - <0.02 Oxidation Reduction parameter not included in - - 82 - 561 - 528 Potential ORP (mV) DAO 2016-08

46 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

SWB2A Parameter Adopted Water Quality of Bigte Creek in the section drains out from construction site Criteria (Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan.19, Feb.20, Apr. 17, May 28, DAO 2016- (May to (Novembe 2019 2019 2019 2019 Year/ quarter 08) October) r to April) Phosphorus as PO³¯ 0.5 DAO 2016-08 - 0.01 - 0.04 - 0.05 organic and biological constituents Dissolved Oxygen 5 (minimum DAO 2016-08 - 8.18 9 5 ) BOD5 1 5 DAO 2016-08 - 1 1

COD b parameter not included in 9.8 - - 10 4 DAO 2016-08 Fecal Coliform 1,700 100 DAO 2016-08 - 920 1,600 (MPN/100mL) b Total Coliform parameter not included in - - 16,000 920 1,600 (MPN/100mL) DAO 2016-08 Oil and Grease 1 DAO 2016-08 - 0.4 0.66 0.80

Elements

Antimony (Sb) parameter not included in <0.008 <0.008 - - <0.001 DAO 2016-08 Arsenic (As) <0.008 <0.008 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - <0.01

Cadmium (Cd) <0.001 <0.01 0.003 DAO 2016-08 - <0.006

47 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

SWB2A Parameter Adopted Water Quality of Bigte Creek in the section drains out from construction site Criteria (Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan.19, Feb.20, Apr. 17, May 28, DAO 2016- (May to (Novembe 2019 2019 2019 2019 Year/ quarter 08) October) r to April) Chromium (hexavalent, Cr(VI)) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - <0.003 Copper (Cu) <0.02 <0.003 0.02 DAO 2016-08 - <0.02

Lead (Pb) <0.05 <0.005 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - <0.005

Manganese (Mn) 0.2 0.2 DAO 2016-08 -

Mercury (Hg) <0.0001 <0.0002 0.001 DAO 2016-08 - <0.0002

Nickel (Ni) <0.03 <0.003 0.04 DAO 2016-08 - <0.03

Vanadium (V) parameter not included in <1.0 0.008 - - <0.005 DAO 2016-08 Zinc (Zn) <0.02 0.01 2 DAO 2016-08 - 0.01

48 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 22. Water Quality Results for SWB3 SWB3 Adopted Parameter Baltazar bridge. This is the bridge pass the Barangay Bigte Hall Criteria N° .’ E° .’ (Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY DAO 2016- Jan.19, Feb. 20, Apr. 17, May 28, Year/ quarter (May to (November 08) 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Physical Characteristics In-situ In-situ Temp (°C) 26-30 DAO 2016-08 28.20 - 26.67 24.4 29.4 Salinity (%) b parameter not included in - - - - 8.2 8.3 DAO 90-34 TSS 65 DAO 2016-08 - - 650.8 152 184 Electric Cond. (mS/cm) b parameter not included in - 376.00 - 3.68 2 6.7 DAO 2016-08 Turbidity (NTU) b EP (Water Quality) Policy 20 25.40 - - 8 10 2003, ANZECC Colour (Apparent, PCU) 50 DAO 2016-08, class B - 429.83 89 107

TDS parameter not included - 244.80 - 8.26 7.6 7.6 inDAO 2016-08 pH 6.50-8.50 DAO 2016-08 7.94 -

Inorganic and nonmetallic constituents Total Nitrogen 8.1 DAO 2016-08 5.4

Nitroge as NO¯ a <0.02 7 DAO 2016-08 - - 0.2

49 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

SWB3 Adopted Parameter Baltazar bridge. This is the bridge pass the Barangay Bigte Hall Criteria N° .’ E° .’ (Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY DAO 2016- Jan.19, Feb. 20, Apr. 17, May 28, Year/ quarter (May to (November 08) 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Oxidation Reduction parameter not included in 537 - 251.00 - 549 Potential ORP (mV) DAO 2016-08 Phosphorus as PO³¯ 0.04 0.5 DAO 2016-08 - - 0.03 organic and biological constituents

Dissolved Oxygen 5 6 (minimum DAO 2016-08 - - 8 ) BOD5 1 5 DAO 2016-08 - - 1

COD b parameter not included in 6 - - - 11 DAO 2016-08 Fecal Coliform 540 (MPN/100mL) b 100 DAO 2016-08 - - 920 Total Coliform parameter not included in 2,400 - - - 1,600 (MPN/100mL) DAO 2016-08 Oil and Grease 0.71 1 DAO 2016-08 - - 0.7

Elements

Antimony (Sb) parameter not included in <0.008 - - - <0.008 DAO 2016-08

50 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

SWB3 Adopted Parameter Baltazar bridge. This is the bridge pass the Barangay Bigte Hall Criteria N° .’ E° .’ (Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY DAO 2016- Jan.19, Feb. 20, Apr. 17, May 28, Year/ quarter (May to (November 08) 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Arsenic (As) <0.008 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.008

Cadmium (Cd) <0.008 0.003 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.008

Chromium (hexavalent, <0.01 Cr(VI)) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.001 Copper (Cu) <0.02 0.02 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.003

Lead (Pb) <0.005 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.005

Manganese (Mn) - 0.2 DAO 2016-08 - - - -

Mercury (Hg) <0.0002 0.001 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.0002

Nickel (Ni) <0.03 0.04 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.003

Vanadium (V) parameter not included in <0.005 - - - 0.008 DAO 2016-08 Zinc (Zn) 0.01 2 DAO 2016-08 - - 0.01

51 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 23. Water Quality Results for SW3A Parameter Adopted SWB3A Criteria Water Quality near Minuyan Bridge (Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 19, Feb. 20, Apr. 17, May 28, DAO 2016- (May to (November 2019 2019 2019 2019 Year/ quarter 08) October) to April) Physical Characteristics In-situ In-situ Temp (°C) 26-30 DAO 2016-08 28.20 - 26.8 26.1 29.2 Salinity (%) b parameter not included in - - - - 14 20 DAO 90-34 TSS 65 DAO 2016-08 ------Electric Cond. (mS/cm) b parameter not included in - 376.00 - 222.3 374 385 DAO 2016-08 Turbidity (NTU) b EP (Water Quality) Policy 20 25.40 - 19.5 1.7 4.8 2003, ANZECC Colour (Apparent, PCU) 50 DAO 2016-08, class B - - 8 10 TDS parameter not included in - 244.80 - 141.8 209 245 DAO 2016-08 pH 6.50-8.50 DAO 2016-08 7.94 - 9.97 7.3 7.4

Inorganic and nonmetallic constituents Total Nitrogen DAO 2016-08 - 2.9 9.4 a Nitroge as NO¯ 7 DAO 2016-08 - - 0.2 <0.02 Oxidation Reduction parameter not included in - 251.00 - 498 525 Potential ORP (mV) DAO 2016-08

52 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Parameter Adopted SWB3A Criteria Water Quality near Minuyan Bridge (Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 19, Feb. 20, Apr. 17, May 28, DAO 2016- (May to (November 2019 2019 2019 2019 Year/ quarter 08) October) to April) Phosphorus as PO³¯ 0.5 DAO 2016-08 - - 0.1 0.2 organic and biological - - constituents Dissolved Oxygen 5 (minimum DAO 2016-08 - - 7 4 ) BOD5 5 DAO 2016-08 - - 2 2 COD b parameter not included in - - - 8.8 8.5 DAO 2016-08 Fecal Coliform 100 DAO 2016-08 - - 2,400 540,000 (MPN/100mL) b Total Coliform parameter not included in - - - 2,400 540,000 (MPN/100mL) DAO 2016-08 Oil and Grease 1 DAO 2016-08 - - 0.86 1.1 Elements

Antimony (Sb) parameter not included in - - - 0.008 <0.008 DAO 2016-08 Arsenic (As) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - - 0.008 <0.008 Cadmium (Cd) 0.003 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.001 <0.001 Chromium (hexavalent, 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - - Cr(VI))

53 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Parameter Adopted SWB3A Criteria Water Quality near Minuyan Bridge (Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 19, Feb. 20, Apr. 17, May 28, DAO 2016- (May to (November 2019 2019 2019 2019 Year/ quarter 08) October) to April) Copper (Cu) 0.02 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.003 <0.003 Lead (Pb) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.005 <0.005

Manganese (Mn) 0.2 DAO 2016-08 - -

Mercury (Hg) 0.001 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.0002 <0.0002

Nickel (Ni) 0.04 DAO 2016-08 - - <0.003 <0.03 Vanadium (V) parameter not included in - - 0.01 0.01 DAO 2016-08 Zinc (Zn) 2 DAO 2016-08 - - 0.006 0.006

54 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 24. Water Quality Results for SWSM1 Sta.MARIA 03/SWSM1 Adopted In Sta.Maria River, Parameter Criteria within the vicinity of San Jose Bridge

(Class B Reference N° .’ E° .’’

DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Year/ quarter Jan. 19, Feb. 20, Apr. 17, May 28, 08) (May to (November 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Physical Characteristics In situ In situ Temp (°C) no sample 28.23 28.2 32 26-30 DAO 2016-08 27.30 32.30 collected

Salinity (%) b parameter not included in - 15.74 - 35 34 DAO 90-34 TSS 65 DAO 2016-08 657.00 32.00 Electric Cond. (mS/cm) b parameter not included in - 246.00 450.80 447.63 374 391 DAO 2016-08 Turbidity (NTU) b EP (Water Quality) Policy 20 51.40 12.10 8.22 2.5 50 2003, ANZECC Colour (Apparent, PCU) 50 DAO 2016-08, class B 500.00 - 15 25 TDS parameter not included in - 158.00 292.50 292.73 213 244 DAO 2016-08 pH 6.50-8.50 DAO 2016-08 8.20 7.64 8.1 7.4 7.5

Inorganic and nonmetallic constituents Total Nitrogen DAO 2016-08 0.10 0.60 7.8 8.4 a Nitroge as NO¯ 7 DAO 2016-08 1.1 1.2

55 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Sta.MARIA 03/SWSM1 Adopted In Sta.Maria River, Parameter Criteria within the vicinity of San Jose Bridge

(Class B Reference N° .’ E° .’’

DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Year/ quarter Jan. 19, Feb. 20, Apr. 17, May 28, 08) (May to (November 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Oxidation Reduction parameter not included in - 187.00 156.00 486 514 Potential ORP (mV) DAO 2016-08 Phosphorus as PO³¯ 0.5 DAO 2016-08 0.70 0.30 0.4 0.4 organic and biological constituents Dissolved Oxygen 5 not (minimum DAO 2016-08 2.07 6 5 measured ) BOD5 5 DAO 2016-08 14.00 1.00 1 4 COD b parameter not included in - 49.00 49.00 12 5.5 DAO 2016-08 Fecal Coliform 100 DAO 2016-08 920,000.00 31,000.00 16,000 35,000 (MPN/100mL) b Total Coliform parameter not included in - 920,000.00 31,000.00 24,000 35,000 (MPN/100mL) DAO 2016-08 Oil and Grease 1 DAO 2016-08 <0.3 0.70 0.6 0.58 Elements

Antimony (Sb) parameter not included in - <0.001 <0.001 <0.008 <0.008 DAO 2016-08 Arsenic (As) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.01 <0.01 <0.008 0.1

56 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Sta.MARIA 03/SWSM1 Adopted In Sta.Maria River, Parameter Criteria within the vicinity of San Jose Bridge

(Class B Reference N° .’ E° .’’

DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Year/ quarter Jan. 19, Feb. 20, Apr. 17, May 28, 08) (May to (November 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Cadmium (Cd) 0.003 DAO 2016-08 <0.006 <0.006 <0.001 <0.001 Chromium (hexavalent, 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.003 <0.003 Cr(VI)) Copper (Cu) 0.02 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 0.005 0.005

Lead (Pb) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.04 <0.04 <0.005 <0.005 Manganese (Mn) 0.2 DAO 2016-08 0.40 0.5

Mercury (Hg) 0.001 DAO 2016-08 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0002 <0.0002

Nickel (Ni) 0.04 DAO 2016-08 <0.01 <0.01 <0.003 <0.003 Vanadium (V) parameter not included in - <1.0 <1.0 0.009 0.01 DAO 2016-08 Zinc (Zn) 2 DAO 2016-08 0.10 <0.02 0.02 0.06

57 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Water Quality Results for Ipo River Below are the results of Angat River water quality monitoring for January to June 2019 (Tables 25 to 28). The results of January to February were compared with the 2014 dry season baseline while May to June results were compared with the 2013 wet season baseline.

Code/ General Photos Remarks Location

SW IPO 1 2019 April 17 (IPO US2 in 2019 May 28 EIA Nov 2016) 2019 June 20 Sapang Anginan and Angat River confluence

N 14 53 26.09 E 121 9 59.59

SW IPO 2 2019 April 17 (IPO 4 in EIA 2019 May 28 Nov 2016) 2019 June 20 Near confluence of Sapang Munti and Angat River

N14° 52’ 22.3” E121° 10’ 05.6”

SW IPO3 2019 April 17 (IPO2 in EIA Nov 2016) 2019 May 28 Between the 2019 June 20 old Ipo Dam structure and intakes of existing tunnels 1,2,3 N14° 52’ 26.9” E121° 10’ 56.5

Figure 9. Water Quality Sampling along Angat/Ipo River

58 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 25. Water Quality Results for SW IPO1

Adopted IPO SW1/ (IPO US2 in EIA 2016) Parameter Criteria confluence of Sapang Anginan and Angat River

(Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY DAO Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, Year/ quarter (May to (November 2016 -08) 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Physical Characteristics

Temp (°C) 26-30 DAO 2016-08 28.6 30.2 25.03 25.3 30.2 24.6 Salinity (%) parameter not included in - 9.97 9.96 - 7.4 6.6 DAO 90-34 TSS 65 DAO 2016-08 4 7.0 - - Electric Cond. (mS/cm) parameter not included in - 155.8 155.6 124.7 140 173 184.9 DAO 2016-08 Turbidity (NTU) EP (Water Quality) Policy 2003, 20 4.61 4.9 8.17 1.6 8.4 3.07 ANZECC Colour (Apparent, PCU) 50 DAO 2016-08, class B 10 5 - 8 8 TDS parameter not included inDAO - 100.30 92.71 79.99 83 97 117.3 2016-08 pH 6.50- DAO 2016-08 8.93 7.92 8.7 7.3 7.3 8 8.50 Inorganic and

nonmetallic constituents Total Nitrogen DAO 2016-08 95.26 - - 5.6 9.4 - Nitroge as NO¯ - 7 DAO 2016-08 - <0.02 0.4 <0.02 -

59 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Adopted IPO SW1/ (IPO US2 in EIA 2016) Parameter Criteria confluence of Sapang Anginan and Angat River

(Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY DAO Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, Year/ quarter (May to (November 2016 -08) 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Oxidation Reduction parameter not included in DAO - - <0.02 219 408 531 - Potential ORP (mV) 2016-08 Phosphorus as PO³¯ - 0.5 DAO 2016-08 <0.006 <0.006 0.03 0.03 - organic and biological constituents

Dissolved Oxygen 5 - (minimu DAO 2016-08 8.89 8.90 7 7 - m) BOD5 - 5 DAO 2016-08 1 1 1 1 -

COD parameter not included in DAO - - 15 9.9 9.8 9 - 2016-08 Fecal Coliform - (MPN/100mL) 100 DAO 2016-08 13 17 2.0 540 - Total Coliform parameter not included in DAO - - 49 110 79 540 - (MPN/100mL) 2016-08 Oil and Grease - 1 DAO 2016-08 15 0.04 0.56 0.52 -

Elements

Antimony (Sb) parameter not included in DAO - - <0.001 <0.001 - <0.008 <0.008 2016-08

60 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Adopted IPO SW1/ (IPO US2 in EIA 2016) Parameter Criteria confluence of Sapang Anginan and Angat River

(Class B Reference 2013 WET 2014 DRY DAO Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, Year/ quarter (May to (November 2016 -08) 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Arsenic (As) - 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.01 <0.01 - <0.008 <0.008

Cadmium (Cd) - 0.003 DAO 2016-08 <0.006 <0.006 - <0.001 <0.001

Chromium (hexavalent, Cr(VI)) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 - <0.003 Copper (Cu) - 0.02 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 - 0.003 <0.02

Lead (Pb) - 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.05 <0.05 - <0.005 <0.005

Manganese (Mn) - 0.2 DAO 2016-08 0.06 <0.0001 - <0.0002 <0.0002

Mercury (Hg) - 0.001 DAO 2016-08 <0.0001 0.05 - <0.003 <0.0003

Nickel (Ni) - 0.04 DAO 2016-08 <0.03 <0.0001 - 0.007 <0.005

Vanadium (V) parameter not included in DAO - - <1.0 <0.03 - 0.009 0.01 2016-08 Zinc (Zn) - 2 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <1.0 - <0.0002 <0.0002

61 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 26. Water Quality Results for SW IPO2 IPO 2/ (IPO 4 in EIA Nov 2016) Parameter Adopted Near confluence of Sapang Munti and Angat River Criteria N° ’ .” (Class B Reference E° ’ . DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, Year/ quarter 08) (May to (Novembe 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) r to April) Physical Characteristics Temp (°C) 26-30 DAO 2016-08 30.2 28.6 25.80 25.2 32.30 24.60 Salinity (%) parameter not included in - 9.96 9.97 - 5.7 7.5 DAO 90-34 TSS 65 DAO 2016-08 4 Electric Cond. (mS/cm) parameter not included in - 7.0 155.8 133.7 150 174 184.9 DAO 2016-08 Turbidity (NTU) EP (Water Quality) Policy 20 155.6 4.61 8.57 2.0 5.9 3.72 2003, ANZECC Colour (Apparent, PCU) 50 DAO 2016-08, class B 4.9 10 - 8 8

TDS parameter not included - 5 100.30 84.06 91 102 117.3 inDAO 2016-08 pH 6.50-8.50 DAO 2016-08 92.71 8.93 8.4 7.6 7.3 8.1 Inorganic and 7.92 nonmetallic constituents Total Nitrogen DAO 2016-08 - - 5.4 8.1

Nitrogen as NO¯ 7 DAO 2016-08 219 <0.02 - 0.1 <0.02

62 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

IPO 2/ (IPO 4 in EIA Nov 2016) Parameter Adopted Near confluence of Sapang Munti and Angat River Criteria N° ’ .” (Class B Reference E° ’ . DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, Year/ quarter 08) (May to (Novembe 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) r to April) Oxidation Reduction parameter not included in - 95.26 - 479 528 Potential ORP (mV) DAO 2016-08 Phosphorus as PO³¯ 0.5 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 - 0.02 0.03 organic and biological constituents Dissolved Oxygen 5 DAO 2016-08 8.89 - 9 6 (minimum) BOD5 5 DAO 2016-08 8.90 1 - 2 1 COD parameter not included in - 1 15 - 12 8.5 DAO 2016-08 Fecal Coliform 100 DAO 2016-08 9.9 13 - 4.5 240 (MPN/100mL) Total Coliform parameter not included in - 17 49 - 23 540 (MPN/100mL) DAO 2016-08 Oil and Grease 1 DAO 2016-08 110 15 - 0.70 0.43 Elements Antimony (Sb) parameter not included in - 0.04 <0.001 - <0.008 <0.008 DAO 2016-08 Arsenic (As) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.001 <0.01 - <0.008 <0.008 Cadmium (Cd) 0.003 DAO 2016-08 <0.01 <0.006 - <0.001 <0.001

63 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

IPO 2/ (IPO 4 in EIA Nov 2016) Parameter Adopted Near confluence of Sapang Munti and Angat River Criteria N° ’ .” (Class B Reference E° ’ . DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, Year/ quarter 08) (May to (Novembe 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) r to April) Chromium (hexavalent, 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.006 <0.003 Cr(VI)) Copper (Cu) 0.02 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 - <0.003 <0.003

Lead (Pb) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.05 <0.05 - <0.005 <0.005

Manganese (Mn) 0.2 DAO 2016-08 <0.0001 0.06 Mercury (Hg) 0.001 DAO 2016-08 0.05 <0.0001 - <0.0002 <0.0002

Nickel (Ni) 0.04 DAO 2016-08 <0.0001 <0.03 - <0.003 <0.003 Vanadium (V) parameter not included in - <0.03 <1.0 - 0.007 <0.01 DAO 2016-08 Zinc (Zn) 2 DAO 2016-08 <1.0 - - 0.007 <0.005 Bromide DAO 2016-08 2.60

64 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Table 27. Water Quality Results for SW IPO3 Parameter SW IPO 3 / (IPO2 in EIA Nov 2016) Adopted Between the old Ipo Dam structure and intakes of existing tunnels 1,2,3 Criteria N° ’ .” (Class B Reference E° ’ . DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, 08) (May to (Novembe 2019 2019 2019 2019 Year/ quarter October) r to April) Physical Characteristics

Temp (°C) 26-30 DAO 2016-08 28.5 28.5 25 25.4 32 25 Salinity (%) parameter not included in - 10.00 10.00 - 6.6 6.6 DAO 90-34 TSS 65 DAO 2016-08 11 11 Electric Cond. (mS/cm) parameter not included in - 156.3 156.3 124.3 139 171 179.4 DAO 2016-08 Turbidity (NTU) EP (Water Quality) Policy 20 4.68 4.68 7.91 1.8 7 3.37 2003, ANZECC Colour (Apparent, PCU) 50 DAO 2016-08, class B 10.00 10.00 - 5 8

TDS parameter not included - 97.3 97.3 78.02 87 100 113.6 inDAO 2016-08 pH 6.50-8.50 DAO 2016-08 8.50 8.50 8.2 7.5 7.1 7.9 Inorganic and

nonmetallic constituents Total Nitrogen DAO 2016-08 - <1.0 9.4

65 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Parameter SW IPO 3 / (IPO2 in EIA Nov 2016) Adopted Between the old Ipo Dam structure and intakes of existing tunnels 1,2,3 Criteria N° ’ .” (Class B Reference E° ’ . DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, 08) (May to (Novembe 2019 2019 2019 2019 Year/ quarter October) r to April) ) Nitrogen as NO¯ 7 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 0.2 <0.02 Oxidation Reduction parameter not included in - 166 166 526 526 Potential ORP (mV) DAO 2016-08 Phosphorus as PO³¯) 0.5 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 0.03 organic and biological constituents Dissolved Oxygen 5 DAO 2016-08 8.84 8.84 8 6 (minimum) BOD5 5 DAO 2016-08 1 1 1 1 COD b parameter not included in - 15 15 9.8 3 DAO 2016-08 Fecal Coliform 100 DAO 2016-08 140 140 23 79 (MPN/100mL) Total Coliform parameter not included in - 1,400 1,400 79 130 (MPN/100mL) DAO 2016-08 Oil and Grease 1 DAO 2016-08 0.6 0.6 0.67 0.56 Elements Antimony (Sb) parameter not included in - <0.001 <0.001 <0.008 <0.008 DAO 2016-08 Arsenic (As) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.01 <0.01 <0.008 <0.008

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Parameter SW IPO 3 / (IPO2 in EIA Nov 2016) Adopted Between the old Ipo Dam structure and intakes of existing tunnels 1,2,3 Criteria N° ’ .” (Class B Reference E° ’ . DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, 08) (May to (Novembe 2019 2019 2019 2019 Year/ quarter October) r to April) Cadmium (Cd) 0.003 DAO 2016-08 <0.006 <0.006 <0.01 <0.01 Chromium (hexavalent, 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.003 Cr(VI)) Copper (Cu) 0.02 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

Lead (Pb) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.05 <0.05 <0.005 <0.005 Manganese (Mn) 0.2 DAO 2016-08 0.05 0.05

Mercury (Hg) 0.001 DAO 2016-08 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0002 <0.0002

Nickel (Ni) 0.04 DAO 2016-08 <0.01 <0.01 <0.003 <0.03 Vanadium (V) parameter not included in - <1.0 <1.0 <0.005 <0.005 DAO 2016-08 Zinc (Zn) 2 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 0.01 0.02

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Table 28. Water Quality Results for SW IPO4 SW IPO4 Parameter Adopted ~ 350m downstream of Ipo Dam

Criteria N° ’ .”

(Class B Reference E° ’ .”

DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, 08) (May to (November Year/ quarter 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Physical Characteristics Temp (°C) 26-30 DAO 2016-08 31.96 31.96 27.2 24.1 33.2 24.7 parameter not included in Salinity (%) - 9.83 9.83 - 7.4 7.5 DAO 90-34 TSS 65 DAO 2016-08 5 5 parameter not included in Electric Cond. (mS/cm) - 153.6 153.6 123.77 138 168 180.3 DAO 2016-08 EP (Water Quality) Policy Turbidity (NTU) 20 4.02 4.02 10.45 1.9 5.7 3 2003, ANZECC 50 DAO 2016-08, class B Colour (Apparent, PCU) 5 5 - 5 8

parameter not included TDS - 97 97 77.7 82 96 114.1 inDAO 2016-08 pH 6.50-8.50 DAO 2016-08 8.16 8.16 8.4 7.5 7.5 7.8 Inorganic and

nonmetallic constituents Total Nitrogen DAO 2016-08 - 4.2 8.1

Nitrogen as NO¯ 7 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 0.2 <0.02 Oxidation Reduction parameter not included in - 195 195 572 531 Potential ORP (mV) DAO 2016-08

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SW IPO4 Parameter Adopted ~ 350m downstream of Ipo Dam

Criteria N° ’ .”

(Class B Reference E° ’ .”

DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, 08) (May to (November Year/ quarter 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April)

Phosphorus as PO³¯ 0.5 DAO 2016-08 <0.006 <0.006 0.03 0.03 organic and biological constituents 5 Dissolved Oxygen DAO 2016-08 6.25 6.25 9 8 (minimum)

BOD5 5 DAO 2016-08 1 1 1 1 parameter not included in COD - 9.8 9.8 13 3.0. DAO 2016-08 Fecal Coliform 100 DAO 2016-08 70 70 79 350 (MPN/100mL) Total Coliform parameter not included in - 540 540 130 350 (MPN/100mL) DAO 2016-08 Oil and Grease 1 DAO 2016-08 0.5 0.5 0.69 0.45

Elements parameter not included in Antimony (Sb) - <0.001 <0.001 <0.008 <0.008 DAO 2016-08 Arsenic (As) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.01 <0.01 <0.008 <0.008 Cadmium (Cd) 0.003 DAO 2016-08 <0.006 <0.006 <0.001 <0.01 Chromium (hexavalent, 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.003 <0.003 Cr(VI))

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SW IPO4 Parameter Adopted ~ 350m downstream of Ipo Dam

Criteria N° ’ .”

(Class B Reference E° ’ .”

DAO 2016- 2013 WET 2014 DRY Jan. 18, Feb. 20, May 28, June 20, 08) (May to (November Year/ quarter 2019 2019 2019 2019 October) to April) Copper (Cu) 0.02 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 0.003 <0.02

Lead (Pb) 0.01 DAO 2016-08 <0.05 <0.05 <0.005 <0.005

Manganese (Mn) 0.2 DAO 2016-08 0.03 0.03

Mercury (Hg) 0.001 DAO 2016-08 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0002 <0.0002

Nickel (Ni) 0.04 DAO 2016-08 <0.01 <0.01 <0.0003 <0.03 parameter not included in Vanadium (V) - <1.0 <1.0 0.006 0.006 DAO 2016-08 Zinc (Zn) 2 DAO 2016-08 <0.02 <0.02 0.007 <0.01

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Water Quality in IDSSP

Water sample was also collected inside the silt curtain area (Ipo Dam Slope Stabilization Project IDSSP- Ipo inside silt curtain) for the 2019 1st Quarter. The result was also compared to the Class B standards for fresh surface water similar to the sample taken from other sites along Angat River. Table 29 indicated the result of laboratory analysis of water sample taken at Ipo inside silt curtain.

Figure 10. IDSSP Water Sampling Station

Table 29. Water Quality in IDSSP (Inside the Silt Curtain) Parameter Adopted Unit Reference IDSSP-IPO INSIDE SILT Criteria CURTAIN (Jan. 18, 2019) Physical Characteristics Temp DAO 2016-08, 26-30 °C 24.9 class B; Electric parameter not Conductivity - µS/cm included in 123.2 (EC) DAO 2016-08; Turbidity EP (Water 20 NTU 8.31 Quality) Policy 2003, ANZECC TDS - mg/L parameter not 77.49 included in DAO 2016-08 pH 6.50-8.50 DAO 2016-08, 8.7 class B

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Assessment4 of Bigte River, Ipo River and IDSSP (January to June 2019)

Some parameters of the baseline data of the Bigte Creek and Angat River already showed exceedances based on DAO 2016-08 surface water quality standard for Class B water. The parameters with noted exceedances during baseline in 2013 and 2014 include temperature and fecal coliform. All other related parameters are reported below the detection limit and within the available set standards. Elevated fecal coliform was reported at the Ipo Dam site and downstream of Ipo Dam during the conduct of baseline data gathering. It is noted that communities beside the riverbanks of Angat River and its tributaries have poor sanitation practices. This may have contributed to elevated fecal coliform. On the other hand, the significant increase of fecal coliform in all sampling stations for the May 28, 2019 sampling as compared to the February 20, 2019 sampling could be attributed to the onset of rainy days in May. The surface runoff could have conveyed the fecal wastes deposited in the ground to the waterbodies resulting to increase in fecal coliforms. All heavy metal parameters are mostly below detection limit.

The result of water quality monitoring indicated general conformance of Bigte Creek and its receiving waterbody, the Sta. Maria River, with the Class B standards for fresh surface water except for temperature and fecal coliform and DO in May at SWB3A (Tables 21 to 24). The baseline data already indicated higher values and nonconformance in Class B standard for fecal coliforms. It should be noted that CMC provided sanitation facilities such as portalets in all construction sites. These are properly and regularly collected and maintained. Thus, poor sanitation practices in some households adjacent to the creek and domestic animals in the area could have contributed to the detected fecal coliforms. The high fecal coliform at SWB3A in May 2019 could also be a factor in the decrease of DO below the minimum standard. Low temperature which is below the standard was measured at Bigte Creek. This could be attributed to the relatively rapid flow of shallow water in the creek in combination with the low ambient temperature during water sampling. The shallow creek and rapid flow of water could have contributed to the generally decreasing DO from upstream going downstream. All heavy metal parameters, on the other hand, are mostly below detection limit. The laboratory results confirmed that the water quality along Angat River is within the Class B standards for fresh surface water (Tables 25 to 28). On the other hand, baseline data already indicated exceedance with Class B standards for temperature, pH, fecal coliform and mercury. It should be noted that the project activities could only have possible impact at SW IPO4 among the 4 sampling stations. The potential impact of the project in SW IPO4 was the slight increase in oil & grease and nitrogen (as NO3 -) and the traces of copper, vanadium and zinc. The minerals in the sediments generated from the tunneling could also be a possible source of the traces of nitrogen and heavy metals detected. Only temperature and fecal coliforms indicated nonconformance with the Class B surface water standards. Colder water temperature is registered for all the sampling stations which could be attributed to the ambient condition during the period of sampling. The heavy metal parameters are mostly below detection limit. CMC provided sanitation facilities such as portalets in strategic sites at the construction work area, just like in Bigte Creek.

4 Ambient environmental conditions should be compared to the relevant ambient standards and/or performance indicators noted in the EMP. Any exceedances should be highlighted for attention and follow-up. In addition, ambient environmental conditions could be compared to the baseline conditions (if baseline data is available) and described in qualitative terms or be evaluated based on a ranking system, such as the following: 1. Very Good (overall conditions are generally improved) 2. Good (conditions are maintained or slightly improved) 3. Fair (conditions are unchanged) 4. Poor (conditions are moderately degraded) 5. Very Poor (conditions are significantly degraded) Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary.

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For IDSSP, slight exceedance with the DENR standards for pH was measured inside the silt curtain. The alkaline nature of water within the silt curtain may be due to the sediment that was carried by the water being pumped-out from the tunnel leak. In particular, the sediments could contain alkaline substances such as sodium, calcium, magnesium carbonates and bicarbonates that will readily dissolve in water. In addition, the water is relatively stagnant inside the silt curtain and this condition could result to formation of column of mineral deposits which causes pH to increase. Air and Noise Quality Monitoring Program

Summary of Air Quality Monitoring

The 24-hour ambient air quality sampling was conducted on February 18 to 21, 2019. A 24-hour sampling was conducted in three (3) sampling sites: Ipo Dam Site, Brgy. San Mateo, and MWSS Bigte Area. The photos and map of the sampling sites for the air quality monitoring are presented in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, respectively.

Code/ General Photos Location

Ipo Dam Site

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Brgy Hall of San Mateo

MWSS Bigte Area

Figure 11. Photo-documentation of Air Quality Monitoring

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Figure 12. Map of Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Result of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Table 30 presents the results of sampling and analysis conducted from three (3) stations in comparison with the National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values (NAAQGV) prescribed under Republic Act 8749 (Clean Air Act) Implementing Rules and Regulations.

Assesment3 for Air Quality Monitoring (February 2019)

For February 2019 sampling, all air quality sampling stations exhibited pollutant concentration way below the applicable DENR standards (Table 30). The measured values in San Mateo indicated a better air quality as compared to the baseline. SO2 was not detected while PM10 were all below the baseline data in the 3 sampling stations. On the other hand, the TSP and NO2 concentration increased in Bigte and Ipo Dam as compared to the baseline. This could be partly attributed to the operation of fuel-burning equipment and dust generation from project areas adjacent to the sampling stations. However, only slight increase is noted and still way below the applicable DENR standards. The cement plant operation in the vicinity and occasionally passing vehicles are the other possible sources of gaseous emission detected during the sampling activity.

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Table 30. Results of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, February 2019 AT4 AT4- A1 AT4- A2 AT4- A1 AT4- A2 AT4 A3 A3

Near San Near San Ipo MWSS Mateo MWSS Mateo Ipo Dam Dam DENR Bigte Barangay Bigte Barangay site Test Reporting site Parameter Sampling method standards Units property Hall property Hall method limits* (NAAQGV) DRY DRY DRY DRY DRY DRY (2-3 (3-4 (4-5 June (18-19 (19-20 June June (20-21 2014) Feb.2019) Feb.2019) 2014) 2014) Feb.2019)

Dry season Baseline

Filtration method by high-volume Flame TSP 230 0.1 µg/Ncm 56.91 48.17 17.65 126.4 39.6 97.7 sampler AAS

Absorption in liquids for gaseous Flame SO2 180 0.4 µg/Ncm 2.88 3.06 2.16 ND ND ND pollutants - Kimoto Brand (sampler) AAS

Absorption in liquids for gaseous Flame NO2 150 0.4 µg/Ncm 4.14 4.56 3.06 10.3 4.5 5.6 pollutants - Kimoto Brand (sampler) AAS

Filtration method by high-volume Flame PM10 150 20 µg/Ncm 117.44 107.68 45.26 56.8 11.8 28.7 sampler AAS

* Reporting Limit – is the lowest concentration at which an analyte can be detected in a sample whose concentration can be reported with a reasonable degree of accuracy and precision.Summary of Noise Quality Monitoring (February 2019)

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A noise level monitoring was conducted by CRL Laboratories on February 18-21, 2019. The noise levels were recorded in decibels (dB). The results are compared with the WHO Guidelines (Table 31). Table 31. WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Level in General Areas Reference / Jurisdiction Ambient Standard Guidelines for Community Receptor: Residential; institutional; educational Noise, WHO, 1999 Daytime (07:00-22:00): 55dBA International Nighttime (22:00-07:00): 45dBA Receptor: Industrial; commercial 70dBA throughout the day

Result of Noise Level Monitoring February 2019)

Below are the noise level measurements at the different locations onsite: Table 32. Noise level in Ipo Dam Compound (February 2019) Sampling Time) WHO Maximum Allowable Average Remarks Noise Level in Industrial Area, dB(A) dB(A) 1220H-1420H 70 58.1 Passed 1420H-1620H 70 60.5 Passed 1620H-1820H 70 58.9 Passed 1820H-2020H 70 47.8 Passed 2020H-2220H 70 51.8 Passed 2220-0020H 70 50.3 Passed 0020H-0220H 70 51.9 Passed 0220-0420H 70 47.5 Passed 0420H-0620H 70 47.1 Passed 0620H-0820H 70 61.9 Passed 0820H-1020H 70 64.1 Passed 1020H-1220H 70 64.6 Passed

Table 33. Noise level in San Mateo Brgy. Hall (February 2019) Sampling Time WHO Maximum Baseline Average Remarks (February 18-19, Allowable Noise Dry dB(A) 2019) Level in Residential Season Area, dB(A) 1140H-1340H 55 61.70 64.6 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level 1340H-1540H 55 61.80 62.8 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level 1540H-1740H 55 63.00 63.6 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level 1740H-1940H 55 61.70 67.0 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level 1940H-2140H 55 62.40 54.3 Passed 2140H-2340H 45 60.00 45.8 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level

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2340H-0130H 45 55.90 49.1 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level 0130H-0330H 45 46.20 47.4 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level 0330H-0530H 45 42.60 44.4 Passed 0530H-0730H 45 56.50 50.6 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level 0730H-0930H 55 61.30 65.7 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level 0930H-1130H 55 64.70 64.8 Exceeded the Maximum Allowable Noise Level

Table 34. Noise level in MWSS Bigte Compound February 2019) Sampling Time) WHO Maximum Allowable Average Remarks Noise Level in Industrial Area, dB(A) dB(A) 1330H-1530H 70 69.8 Passed 1530H-1730H 70 68.3 Passed 1730H-1930H 70 64.8 Passed 1930H-2130H 70 63.4 Passed 2130H-2330H 70 59.0 Passed 2330H-0130H 70 51.3 Passed 0130H-0330H 70 47.7 Passed 0330H-0530H 70 46.5 Passed 0530H-0730H 70 48.8 Passed 0730H-0930H 70 63.7 Passed 0930H-1130H 70 56.4 Passed 1130H-1330H 70 61.0 Passed

Assesment3 for Noise Quality Monitoring (January to June 2019)

The noise measurement was conducted 4 times every 2 hours interval for a representative reading. Monitoring was conducted on a sunny, fair and cloudy weather associated with light to moderate winds. The prevailing winds at the time of sampling came mostly from various directions. The results of the noise monitoring for 2019 February shows that stations located within the construction sites in Ipo Dam Site and MWSS Main Gate passed the WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Level in Industrial Areal (Tables 32 and 34). Except for the two instances such as before midnight and early morning, the noise level at San Mateo Brgy. Hall exceeded the WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Level in Residential Area during the 24-hour sampling (Table 33). It should be noted that the baseline data from 2014 survey at San Mateo Brgy. Hall showed that elevated noise level was predominant and passed the noise standard only at early morning or 3:00-5:00 AM (Table 33). The sampling station is near the road junction with an uphill road beside the San Mateo Brgy. Hall. The road is busy with the vehicles changing to higher gear and generates more noise to negotiate the uphill section. The results of the February 2019 noise monitoring shows almost similar noise pattern with the 2014 baseline data. Such elevated noise level cannot be directly attributed to the construction works. Summary of Sound Level Monitoring in General Construction Sites Noise levels are measured weekly using portable noise meter procured by CMC. Below are the results of noise monitoring from January to June 2019.

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Table 35. Sound Level Monitoring ( January 9, 2019, 9:00 PM onwards) WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Level in Industrial dB(A) dB(A) AreadB(A)

Normal, within 70 58.8 57.2 12:36 AM allowable limit

Front Office Exceeded allowable limit 70 86.3 79.5 12:33 AM (Earplugs are needed) required

Portal Exceeded allowable limit 70 94.1 93.7 9:15 PM (Earplugs are needed)

Back-Up (TBM) Exceeded allowable limit 70 91.2 87.3 9:47 PM (Earplugs are needed)

TBM (Control Cabin)

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WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Level in Industrial dB(A) dB(A) AreadB(A)

Normal, within 70 61.3 51.6 3:52 AM allowable limit

Industrial Area (Warehouse)

Exceeded allowable limit 70 70.9 50.1 3:55 AM (Earplugs are needed)

Industrial Area (Gate) Exceeded allowable limit 70 97.3 75.8 4:12 AM (Earplugs are needed)

Tippler

Exceeded allowable limit 70 80.4 58.1 3:58 AM (Earplugs are needed)

Main Gate

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WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Level in Industrial dB(A) dB(A) AreadB(A)

Exceeded allowable limit 70 106.3 96.4 12:26 AM (Earplugs are needed)

Main Car

Table 36. Sound Level Monitoring (February 4, 2019, 9:00 PM onwards) WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Level in Industrial dB(A) dB(A) AreadB(A)

Normal, within 70 60.6 54.5 9:33 PM allowable limit

Warehouse

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WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Level in Industrial dB(A) dB(A) AreadB(A)

Exceeded allowable 70 75.6 51.8 9:46 PM limit (Earplugs are needed)required

Gate of Industrial Area

Exceeded allowable 70 74.4 67.2 9:15 PM limit (Earplugs are needed)

Open Gate (Gate 2 of Industrial Area)

Normal, within 70 57.8 51.6 9:47 PM allowable limit

Tippler Area

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WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Level in Industrial dB(A) dB(A) AreadB(A)

Exceeded allowable 70 83.9 76.9 9:12 PM limit (Earplugs are needed)

Portal Area

Normal, within 70 58.8 49.2 8:55 PM allowable limit

MWSS Main Gate

Normal, within 70 49.5 49.5 8:36 PM allowable limit

CMC Office

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Table 37. Sound Level Monitoring (March 25, 2019, 9:00 PM onwards) WHO Maximum Allowable Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Noise Level dB(A) dB(A) in Industrial AreadB(A)

Normal, within 70 68.3 55.7 - allowable limit

Warehouse

Exceeded allowable limit 70 76.4 52.1 - (Earplugs are needed) required

Gate of Industrial Area

Normal, within 70 65.4 58.6 - allowable limit

Conveyance Area

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WHO Maximum Allowable Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Noise Level dB(A) dB(A) in Industrial AreadB(A)

Exceeded allowable limit 70 83.7 52.1 - (Earplugs are needed)

Tippler Area

Exceeded allowable limit 70 90.0 80.9 - (Earplugs are needed)

Portal Area

Normal, within 70 58.8 49.2 - allowable limit

MWSS Main Gate

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WHO Maximum Allowable Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Noise Level dB(A) dB(A) in Industrial AreadB(A)

Normal, within 70 64.1 48.4 - allowable limit

CMC Office

Exceeded allowable limit 70 103.9 92.7 - (Earplugs are needed)

Work Car

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WHO Maximum Allowable Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Noise Level dB(A) dB(A) in Industrial AreadB(A)

Exceeded allowable limit 70 74.4 69.0 - (Earplugs are needed)

Operator’s Cabin

Normal, within 70 63.1 57.0 - allowable limit

Front of Water Treatment Room

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Table 38. Sound Level Monitoring (April 12, 2019) WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Level in Industrial dB(A) dB(A) AreadB(A)

Exceeded allowable 70 78.8 58.7 - limit (Earplugs are needed) required

Office Area

Exceeded allowable 70 96.4 93.7 - limit (Earplugs are needed) required

Portal Area

Exceeded allowable 70 89.6 70.2 - limit (Earplugs are needed)

MWSS/Conveyance Area

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WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Level in Industrial dB(A) dB(A) AreadB(A)

70 61.7 59.5 - Within allowable limit

MWSS Maingate

Exceeded allowable 70 87.4 59.6 - limit (Earplugs are needed)

Industrial Area

Exceeded allowable 70 81.7 60.7 - limit (Earplugs are needed)

Industrial Gate

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WHO Maximum Allowable Noise Maximum Minimum Location Time Remarks Level in Industrial dB(A) dB(A) AreadB(A)

Exceeded allowable 70 79.2 56.9 - limit (Earplugs are needed)

Tippler Area

Exceeded allowable 70 77.5 60.9 - limit (Earplugs are needed)

Workshop Area

Exceeded allowable 70 84.9 67.9 - limit (Earplugs are needed)

Water Treatment Plant

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Table 39. Sound Level Monitoring (May 2019) WHO Maximum Allowable Maximum Minimum Location Noise Time Remarks dB(A) dB(A) Level in Industrial AreadB(A)

Sampling period: Exceeded allowable 70 dB 84 65.6 10:00 – 16:00 limit (Earplugs are needed) required

Office Area

Sampling period: Exceeded allowable 70 dB 86.35 79.3 10:00 – 16:00 limit (Earplugs are needed) required

Portal Area

Sampling period: 70 dB 64.7 61 10:00 – 16:00 Within allowable limit

MWSS / Conveyance Area

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WHO Maximum Allowable Maximum Minimum Location Noise Time Remarks dB(A) dB(A) Level in Industrial AreadB(A)

Sampling period: Exceeded allowable 70 dB 74.5 72.4 10:00 – 16:00 limit (Earplugs are needed) required

Main Gate

Sampling period: Exceeded allowable 70 dB 76.5 67.6 10:00 – 16:00 limit (Earplugs are needed) required

Industrial Area

Sampling period: 70 dB 71 69 10:00 – 16:00 Within allowable limit

Industrial Gate

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WHO Maximum Allowable Maximum Minimum Location Noise Time Remarks dB(A) dB(A) Level in Industrial AreadB(A)

Sampling period: 70 dB 88.9 86.6 10:00 – 16:00 Exceeded allowable limit (Earplugs are

needed) required

Tippler Area

Table 40. Sound Level Monitoring (June 2019) Location Allowable Limit Maximum Minimum Time Remarks

Sampling Exceeded allowable period: 10:00 limit (Earplugs are 70 dB 74.7 57.5 – 16:00 needed) required

Office Area

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Location Allowable Limit Maximum Minimum Time Remarks

Sampling period: 10:00 70 dB 65.1 61.2 – 16:00 Within allowable limit

Portal Area

Sampling Exceeded allowable period: 10:00 limit (Earplugs are 70 dB 75.1 64.7 – 16:00 needed) required

MWSS/Conveyance Area

Sampling Exceeded allowable period: 10:00 limit (Earplugs are 70 dB 70.3 52.8 – 16:00 needed) required

Main Gate

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Location Allowable Limit Maximum Minimum Time Remarks

Sampling period: 10:00 70 dB 71.2 56.8 – 16:00 Within allowable limit

Industrial Area

Sampling period: 10:00 Within allowable 70 dB 71 65.9 – 16:00 limit

Industrial Gate

Sampling period: 10:00 70 dB 68.8 53.2 – 16:00 Within allowable limit

Tippler Area

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Table 41. Sound Level Monitoring (June 2019, nighttime 20:00 -22:00) Location Allowable Maximum Minimum Time Remarks Limit

70 dB 65.3 60.07 nighttime 20:00 - Within allowable 22:00 limit

Front Office

70 dB 60.2 52.6 nighttime 20:00 - Within allowable 22:00 limit

MWSS/Conveyance Area

nighttime 20:00 - Within allowable 70 dB 66.3 57.6 22:00 limit

Portal

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Location Allowable Maximum Minimum Time Remarks Limit

70 dB 60.8 55.0 nighttime 20:00 - Within allowable 22:00 limit

Warehouse

70 dB 54.8 53.7 nighttime 20:00 - Within allowable 22:00 limit

Tippler

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Assessment for Noise Quality Monitoring (January to June 2019)

Exceedances in noise allowable limit were observed in the major construction areas of the site from January to June 2019 (Tables 35 to 41). This is expected due to machines, equipment and laborers activities at work place. Workers are required to wear earplugs and ear muffs within the construction perimeters. No complaints received from the area regarding noise.

Figure 13. Specification of the Earplugs

The Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) of the earplug is 23. Its noise reduction is 8 dB. The highest sound level recorded is at the Tippler in January 2019 with a value of 97.3 dB, the 8 dB noise reduction of the earplug is insufficient. For this earplug, the maximum noise level could only be 78 dB to comply with the WHO/IFC-EHS noise guidelines. At moving muck car, the recorded sound level is 106.3 dB in January 2019. Even with the earplugs, the sound level values exceeded the allowable sound limit. The exposure to such sound level is about 10-15 minutes and is within the permissible exposure time.

Results of Tunnel Air Quality Monitoring

Air quality monitoring inside the tunnel is conducted with an interval of 2 and 7 seconds. The air quality parameters monitoring by TBM sensors includes carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and oxygen (O2). Table 42 showed the summary of tunnel air quality monitoring in January to June 2019.

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Table 42. Tunnel Air Quality Monitoring (January to June 2019) standard reference Jan. Reading Feb. Reading Mar. Reading Apr. Reading June Reading Air quality parameter (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) Average 5 Carbon Dioxide, CO2 (ppm) 1000 NIOSH -0.0014 -0.0550 -0.0619 -0.0545 0.0000 6 Hydrogen Sulfide, H2S (ppm) 10-20 WHO, 2000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Oxygen, O2 (%) 17.6-23.5 WHO, 2000 18.9676 20.9996 20.9976 20.9999 20.8 7 Carbon Monoxide, CO 8.73 WHO, 2000 0.1060 0.0767 0.0246 1.0933 0.0000 8 Hydrogen Cyanide, HCN (ppm) 44.64 WHO,2004 0.0053 0.0055 0.0053 0.0038 0.0000 Minimum CO2 (ppm) 1000 NIOSH -1.1513 -0.1897 -0.1814 -0.1728 0.0000 H2S (ppm) 10 WHO, 2000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 O2 (%) 17.6 WHO, 2000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 20.8 CO (ppm) 8.73 (8 hrs) WHO, 2000 -2.0000 -2.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 HCN (ppm) 17.86 WHO,2004 -8.6527 -8.4387 -0.0130 -0.6274 0.0000 Maximum CO2 (ppm) 1000 NIOSH 0.3092 0.3098 0.1419 0.1766 0.0000 H2S (ppm) 20 WHO, 2000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 O2 (%) 23.5 WHO, 2000 21.0000 21.0000 21.0000 21.0000 20.8 Carbon Monoxide, CO (ppm) 30.55 (1hr) WHO, 2000 21.0000 60.0000 206.0000 26.0000 0.0000 Hydrogen Cyanide, HCN (ppm) 53.57 (20 WHO,2004 3.5895 min to 1hr) 21.2338 1.6569 0.1005 0.0000

5 The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers that indoor air concentrations of carbon dioxide that exceed 1,000 ppm are a marker suggesting inadequate ventilation. 6 Threshold for eye irritation. Ref: Air quality guidelines WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark 2000. 7 15 minutes – 100 mg/m3 (87.32 ppm). 1 hour – 35 mg/ m3 (30.55 ppm). 8 hours – 10 mg/ m3 (8.73 ppm). 24 hours – 7 mg/m3 (6.11 ppm). WHO 2000 Guideline (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138710/) 8 In WHO study, moderate impairment in health-related scores showed an increase (no statistical analysis) at exposure levels in excess of 2.5 cyanide hours (mg/m3 × h). Adverse effects are not expected at the low levels reported i abiet air usually below μg/ = . pp.

99 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Assessment of Indoor / Tunnel Air Quality Monitoring (January to June 2019)

The air quality inside the tunnel is still within NIOSH and WHO indoor air quality standards (Table 42). January to March 2019 monitoring shows that the CO exceedance, which ranges from 31-206 ppm were observed in the following time and dates:

• 3:16:59 PM to 3:26:39 PM on 13 Feb.2019 • 10:26:14 AM to 10:52:19 AM on 27 Mar 2019 • 11:08:09 AM 11:08:59 AM on 27 Mar 2019 • 11:46:44 AM until 11:49:14 AM on 27 Mar 2019 These exceedances on CO with longest exposure are noted for a little more than 10 minutes. The CO exceedance could be due to insufficient air for the operation of fuel-burning machine inside the tunnel. For normal combustion, the hydrocarbon or fuel reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water. In case of incomplete combustion when oxygen is limiting, carbon monoxide (CO) is also produced together with CO2. For the tunneling activity, the oxygen is being supplied by the TBM ventilation system. In particular, the TBM ventilation system is supplying fresh air from outside the tunnel and removing the used air inside the tunnel. The fresh air is supplying oxygen needed for normal breathing of the workers and personnel, and also for the operation of fuel-burning equipment for the tunneling. To mitigate the CO exceedance, the supply of fresh air by the TBM ventilation systemis increased until no CO is detected by the sensor. Meanwhile, air quality from April to May 2019 was within NIOSH and WHO indoor air quality standards. This means the TBM’s ventilation system and its gas control sensors were effectively bringing fresh air. Spoil Management and Monitoring Program

Summary of Sediment Quality of Spoil/Excavated Materials

The compact volume of the excavated material, given a 6411.59 m tunnel length, is estimated at about 122,888 m3 as of February 11, 2019 (Table 43). The spoil is disposed in the Temporary Spoil Disposal in Bigte. The Spoil Disposal area is considered temporary since the generated spoil is intended for use as backfill materials. The spoils are composed of small pieces of fragmented rocks that are suitable as backfill materials even without change in its physical characteristics or properties. Thus, no sediments that could release the metal and non-metal components of spoils are expected from its application as backfill. Table 43. Spoil/ Excavated Materials Total excavated materials/ spoil (m3) 122,888 Excavated materials ( starting from Feb. 13, 2018 until Jan. 122,415 31, 2019), (m3)

Excavated materials in February 2019, (m3) 473

Given a swelling factor of ~1.80, the spoil/ excavated materials that were temporarily dumped at the Tippler Area for February is about 851 m3 or about 221,198 m3 total spoil generated. The delivery receipts of spoil/ excavated material showed a total collection of spoil of about 226,798.50 m3 with 1,136.94 m3 for the month of February 2019 (Fig. 14). The little discrepancy in volume may be due to the computation based on delivery receipts/ number of truck collection and capacity of trucks. It should be noted that in most cases, the dump trucks for spoil collection are not fully filled.

100 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Monthly excavated material and tunnel advancement 40,000.00 30,000.00 20,000.00 10,000.00 -

13- 11- Mar- Apr- May- Jun- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Jul-18 Feb- 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 18 19 excavation progress (m) 14.91 205.73583.681,097. 1,610. 2,303. 3,107. 3,961. 4,857. 5,657. 5,988. 6,386. 6,411. generated excavated material/ spoil 285.793,657. 7,243. 9,854. 9,831.13,26815,41416,36517,17215,3426,344. 7,634.472.61 (m3) excavated material as per DR (m3) 5,987.15,47321,53615,86623,80626,33529,26230,38830,49812,50414,0021,136.

Figure 14. Excavated Material and TBM advancement

Results of Spoil Sediment Quality

The results for sediment quality of spoil samples were compared to adopted criteria from various sources and baseline data presented in IEE, 2014 (Table 44). The adopted criteria used are based on the Ontario Ministry of the Environment guidelines for open lake disposal of sediments, ANZECC and NSW EPA as there is no standard established in the Philippines. The spoil samples were collected from different sections of the tunnel or chainages. The spoil samples are within the acceptable heavy metal content for chromium, copper and zinc (Table 44. The lead and nickel are in exceedance in chainage CH 0+031.92. On the other hand, the iron and manganese are also detected above the baseline data except for sample at chainage CH 3+881.221.For the non-metals, all spoil samples indicated exceedance with adopted criteria for potassium while exceedance in total nitrogen is observed in most of the samples except for samples taken from chainage 0+300 to 0+500. The result of the sediment quality analysis indicated that the quality of spoils greatly depends on the parent materials encountered during the tunneling. Spoil samples of Bayabas Formation mostly from Bigte side are generally low in nitrogen but high in phosphorus and potassium as compared to Alagao Volcanics (Appendix 8.8). The Bayabas Formation also has relatively high iron and copper than the Alagao Volcanics. No significant difference in the zinc and nickel content of the 2 lithologic formations except at chainage CH 0+031.92 which has detected nickel exceeding the criteria.

Management of Spoil

101 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

A Spoil Disposal and Management Plan ((SDMP) is prepared by the contractor which covers the management of spoils from the source of generation until its conveyance to the temporary disposal site, which is a private property. However, the spoils from the temporary disposal site by MAPOLCOM are being provided to LGUs and private entities for use in backfilling of roads or as filling materials (Appendix 8.6). Thus, the site for the re-use of spoils is also considered as disposal area which should be managed in the same manner as the temporary disposal site by MAPOLCOM. The SDMP is revised to incorporate the control measures which should be implemented in the area for spoil re-use. These control measures were reiterated in the document being signed by recipient of spoils for their implementation such as the area for backfilling should be in solid / impermeable ground with low ecological or agricultural value and not adjacent to waterways. The site for backfilling is being inspected to check if it is within the criteria prior to release of spoil for the project. A Spoil Disposal and Management Inventory Logsheet is prepared to monitor the suitability of the proposed area for spoil application and to document the volume of spoils to be used in the area. The MAPOLCOM is the party primarily responsible in implementation of the control measures subject to inspection /supervision by the Contractor. An inventory of spoils that is already used and samples of document signed by re-users of spoils are shown in Appendix 8.6.

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Table 44. Sediment Quality of Spoil/ Excavated Material Adopted Criteria Baseline Sample ID Baseline Baseline Parameter BH5 (IEE BH5 (IEE BH3 (IEE CH 6+ Spoil Spoil 2014) 2014) 2014) 202.745 Material Material Material Location: CH 0+ CH 0+ Spoil Location: Location: Sample Sample Sample maximum average absolute Segment 7 317.59 485.212 Material - Segment Reference No. 1 No. 2 CH 3 + concentration for maximum (Bigte TBM TBM TBM CH: 4 (~ 3.5 Segment Chainage Chainage 881.221 characterization concentration Portal) Tunnel Tunnel 0+ 629,38 km from 1 (Ipo CH 0+ CH 0+ Bigte Watershe 031.92 142.36 Date of Portal) d) Sampling July 20, Feb. 2, Feb. 2, Apr. 7, Apr. May 4, July 20, Sept. 19, July 20, Jan. 15, 2013 2018 2018 2018 23,2018 2018 2013 2018 2013 2019 Inorganic and nonmetallic constituents Total soil quality Nitrogen 25 125 - 198 205 94 76 147 - 417 - 156 ANZECC (mg/kg) Assessment levels for soil, sediment and water (Contaminat Total ed Sites Phosphorus 25 2,000 Managemen - 294 1,180 1450 1560 1,040 - 905 - 667 (mg/kg) t Series) Department of Environmen t and Conservatio n, ANZECC

103 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Adopted Criteria Baseline Sample ID Baseline Baseline Parameter BH5 (IEE BH5 (IEE BH3 (IEE CH 6+ Spoil Spoil 2014) 2014) 2014) 202.745 Material Material Material Location: CH 0+ CH 0+ Spoil Location: Location: Sample Sample Sample maximum average absolute Segment 7 317.59 485.212 Material - Segment Reference No. 1 No. 2 CH 3 + concentration for maximum (Bigte TBM TBM TBM CH: 4 (~ 3.5 Segment Chainage Chainage 881.221 characterization concentration Portal) Tunnel Tunnel 0+ 629,38 km from 1 (Ipo CH 0+ CH 0+ Bigte Watershe 031.92 142.36 Date of Portal) d) Sampling July 20, Feb. 2, Feb. 2, Apr. 7, Apr. May 4, July 20, Sept. 19, July 20, Jan. 15, 2013 2018 2018 2018 23,2018 2018 2013 2018 2013 2019 organic and biological constituents Ontario Ministry of the Oil and Environmen Grease 1,500 t guidelines - 496 353 489 589 1,190 - 193 - 279 (mg/kg) for open lake disposal of sediments9 Potassium (K) soil quality 60 100+ - 240 762 1,130 793 - - 245 - 302 (mg/kg) ANZECC Elements - NSW EPA. Chromium Protection 75 150 11 6.9 1.0 1.4 0.9 3.6 9.7 ND 5.7 3.5 (mg/kg) of the Environmen

9 Ontario Ministry of the Environment guidelines for open lake disposal of sediments (Beyer, W N. 1990. Evaluating soil contamination U.S Fish Wildl. Serv., Biol. Rep. 90(2). 25 pp.; and Irwin, RJ, M. VanMouwerick, L. Stevens, MD. Seese, and W. Basham. 1997. Environmental Contaminants Encyclopedia. National Park Service, Water Resource Division, Fort Collins, Colorado.)

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Adopted Criteria Baseline Sample ID Baseline Baseline Parameter BH5 (IEE BH5 (IEE BH3 (IEE CH 6+ Spoil Spoil 2014) 2014) 2014) 202.745 Material Material Material Location: CH 0+ CH 0+ Spoil Location: Location: Sample Sample Sample maximum average absolute Segment 7 317.59 485.212 Material - Segment Reference No. 1 No. 2 CH 3 + concentration for maximum (Bigte TBM TBM TBM CH: 4 (~ 3.5 Segment Chainage Chainage 881.221 characterization concentration Portal) Tunnel Tunnel 0+ 629,38 km from 1 (Ipo CH 0+ CH 0+ Bigte Watershe 031.92 142.36 Date of Portal) d) Sampling July 20, Feb. 2, Feb. 2, Apr. 7, Apr. May 4, July 20, Sept. 19, July 20, Jan. 15, 2013 2018 2018 2018 23,2018 2018 2013 2018 2013 2019 t Operations (Waste) Regulation 2014. Application to land as engineering fill or for use in earthworks NSW EPA. Protection of the Environmen t Operations (Waste) Copper** 100 200 Regulation 106 117 121 110 88 196 73 1,560 62 (mg/kg) 2014. Application to land as engineering fill or for use in

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Adopted Criteria Baseline Sample ID Baseline Baseline Parameter BH5 (IEE BH5 (IEE BH3 (IEE CH 6+ Spoil Spoil 2014) 2014) 2014) 202.745 Material Material Material Location: CH 0+ CH 0+ Spoil Location: Location: Sample Sample Sample maximum average absolute Segment 7 317.59 485.212 Material - Segment Reference No. 1 No. 2 CH 3 + concentration for maximum (Bigte TBM TBM TBM CH: 4 (~ 3.5 Segment Chainage Chainage 881.221 characterization concentration Portal) Tunnel Tunnel 0+ 629,38 km from 1 (Ipo CH 0+ CH 0+ Bigte Watershe 031.92 142.36 Date of Portal) d) Sampling July 20, Feb. 2, Feb. 2, Apr. 7, Apr. May 4, July 20, Sept. 19, July 20, Jan. 15, 2013 2018 2018 2018 23,2018 2018 2013 2018 2013 2019 earthworks

Iron (mg/kg) 2,140 17 26,600 24,900 15,900 - 30,900 10,700 84,400 279 NSW EPA. Protection of the Environmen t Operations (Waste) Regulation Lead (mg/kg) 50 100 10 6,610 ND ND ND ND 19 ND 12 2014. Application to land as engineering fill or for use in earthworks Manganese 48 ND 916 345 330 396 576 286 371 791 (mg/kg)

106 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Adopted Criteria Baseline Sample ID Baseline Baseline Parameter BH5 (IEE BH5 (IEE BH3 (IEE CH 6+ Spoil Spoil 2014) 2014) 2014) 202.745 Material Material Material Location: CH 0+ CH 0+ Spoil Location: Location: Sample Sample Sample maximum average absolute Segment 7 317.59 485.212 Material - Segment Reference No. 1 No. 2 CH 3 + concentration for maximum (Bigte TBM TBM TBM CH: 4 (~ 3.5 Segment Chainage Chainage 881.221 characterization concentration Portal) Tunnel Tunnel 0+ 629,38 km from 1 (Ipo CH 0+ CH 0+ Bigte Watershe 031.92 142.36 Date of Portal) d) Sampling July 20, Feb. 2, Feb. 2, Apr. 7, Apr. May 4, July 20, Sept. 19, July 20, Jan. 15, 2013 2018 2018 2018 23,2018 2018 2013 2018 2013 2019 NSW EPA. Protection of the Environmen t Operations (Waste) Nickel Regulation 30 60 12 129 9.4 2.3 2.3 5.9 15 2.5 9 12 (mg/kg) 2014. Application to land as engineering fill or for use in earthworks NSW EPA. Protection of the Environmen Zinc (mg/kg) 150 300 t Operations 8.5 8.1 29 31 47 21 63 20 63 52 (Waste) Regulation 2014. Application

107 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Adopted Criteria Baseline Sample ID Baseline Baseline Parameter BH5 (IEE BH5 (IEE BH3 (IEE CH 6+ Spoil Spoil 2014) 2014) 2014) 202.745 Material Material Material Location: CH 0+ CH 0+ Spoil Location: Location: Sample Sample Sample maximum average absolute Segment 7 317.59 485.212 Material - Segment Reference No. 1 No. 2 CH 3 + concentration for maximum (Bigte TBM TBM TBM CH: 4 (~ 3.5 Segment Chainage Chainage 881.221 characterization concentration Portal) Tunnel Tunnel 0+ 629,38 km from 1 (Ipo CH 0+ CH 0+ Bigte Watershe 031.92 142.36 Date of Portal) d) Sampling July 20, Feb. 2, Feb. 2, Apr. 7, Apr. May 4, July 20, Sept. 19, July 20, Jan. 15, 2013 2018 2018 2018 23,2018 2018 2013 2018 2013 2019 to land as engineering fill or for use in earthworks

108 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Freshwater Monitoring Program

The freshwater ecology surveys conducted in 2018 for both the dry and wet seasons are presented to describe the aquatic condition for the year. The dry season freshwater ecology survey is already presented in the July-December 2018 SEMR but it is reported together with the wet season freshwater ecology survey to have a complete description of the aquatic ecology. In general, the 2018 freshwater ecology surveys show that the project has no environmental impact to the aquatic ecology. Thus, freshwater ecology survey will not be conducted for this year. The next freshwater ecology survey will be conducted in 2020 prior to the project completion and its turn-over to MWSS. Dry Season

Freshwater Ecology Survey for Dry Season was conducted on May 28 - 30, 2018. The survey was led by Dr Roberto Pagulayan. There were 5 Dumagats who served as local assistants during the conduct of the survey.

In situ water quality measurement and preparation of Angat River, dam site various samples

Angat River, downstream Plankton sampling Figure 15. River Ecology Monitoring, 2018 May

The results of fish samples from Angat River, Bigte Creek and Sta. Maria River are presented in Table 45. Results show that cadmium, chromium and lead were below detection limit for all fish samples. Traces of arsenic, mercury and selenium are detected but these are still way below the adopted criteria.

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Table 45. Heavy Metals in Fishes, 2018 dry season Parameter Adopted Reference Sample ID Criteria maximum Bigte Bigte Sta.Maria Ipo permitted (Dalag) (Biya) (Mosquito (Tilapia) concentration Fish)

Date of 29-May-18 29-May-18 29-May-18 29-May-18 sampling Cap 132V food Arsenic 6 Adulteration 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 Regulations, Toxicology Factsheet Series. Food Cadmium 0.05 Safety ND ND ND ND Authority of Ireland, May 2009 Cap 132V food Chromium 1 Adulteration ND ND ND ND (mg/kg) Regulations, CODEX STAN 193- Lead (mg/kg) 0.3 1995. FAO and ND ND ND ND *** WHO. Amended 2015 CODEX STAN 193- Mercury 1 1995. FAO and 0.1 ND 0.1 0.08 (mg/kg) WHO. Amended 2015

Selenium 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.3

The full report of the River Ecology Monitoring is presented in Appendix 8.7. (a) Baseline Comparison Based on comparison with the baseline data from the 2016 EIS Report of the project and the DAO 2016-08 Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards, the following conclusions are forwarded: (i) For the Ipo-Angat waters: As regards primary water quality parameters for Class B water • Temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, total nitrogen, color, DO, and BOD - the data gathered showed values that meet the minimum water quality standard. • Fecal coliform - the data gathered showed values that do not meet the minimum water quality standard, even for Site 4 where the Class B standard is used. In the August 2013 sampling (2016 EIS report), water samples on these sites do not meet the standards of the DAO 2016-08. In the May 2014 sampling, the upstream and midstream waters of Ipo dam met the 1990 standard, the values would not pass though when applied to the 2016 standard. Thus, the Ipo dam waters have already a baseline fecal coliform content that is higher than the minimum standard. (ii) For the Bigte-Sta.Maria waters: As regards to primary water parameters:

110 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

• Nitrogen content - the data gathered showed values in two sites barely meet the minimum water quality standard, but the other two sites do not meet the minimum water quality standard. • Other physic-chemical parameters temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, total nitrogen, color, `DO, BOD, and Nitrogen content – almost all sites meet the standards, exception is SWB3 A with a below minimum DO level. (iii) For the Ipo-Angat waters: As regards to secondary water quality parameters: • Oil & Grease - the data gathered showed values that meet the minimum water quality standard. The values for this parameter in the 2013 & 2014 sampling also met the DAO 2016-08. • Heavy metals - the data gathered showed values that meet the minimum water quality standard. In the 2013 & 2014 sampling a higher than the minimum standard for manganese was observed in all sites. (iv) For the Bigte-Sta. Maria waters: Water samples collected have heavy metals and oil and grease contents but these values met the standard set by DAO 2016-08. (v) There appears to be no difference in the riverbank channel quality (RCE scores) estimated for this May 2018 sampling when compared to the 2013-2014 estimates, indicating that impact of the current construction activity has been kept to the minimum.

(b) Impact of construction activities on biotic diversity (i) Plankton: Comparison of the May 2018 data gathered to that of 2013-14 data showed that there were more plankton taxa gathered in the former. It appears that current tunnel construction activity has little, if any, negative effect on the primary productivity of the waters.

(ii) Fishes: Comparison of the May 2018 data gathered to that of 2013-14 data showed that the species gathered in the May 2018 sampling do not differ much from the 2013-2014 data, even for the Bigte-Sta.Maria River where most of the major activity in the tunnel construction is ongoing. A notable catch though is the phallosthetid Gulaphallus mirabilis that is endemic in the Philippines and where Ipo Creek was listed as the holotype collection sites. Because of its small size, this species must have passed through the bigger mesh size net that was used in the 2013-14 collection. A thriving population of this species is apparently present in Ipo lake and Angat River downstream of the dam. This fish must be monitored from now on, because of its taxonomic status.

(iii) Macro-invertebrates: Comparison of the May 2018 data gathered to that of 2013-14 data showed that the species gathered in the May 2018 sampling do not differ much from the 2013-2014 data. Tunnel construction activity does not appear to have a perceptible impact on macro-invertebrate fauna both for the Ipo-Angat water system and the Bigte-Sta-Maria water system.

(c) Fish ecotoxicological data The 2018 analyses showed that heavy metal contents of the fishes (dalag, biya, mosquito fish, & tilapia) submitted for examination do not exceed the standard set in the Hongkong Food Safety Center allowable limits (Table 45). Tunnel construction activity does not appear to have a perceptible impact on possible heavy-metal intake in fish tissue brought about by release of heavy- metals from tunnel waste and diggings.

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Wet Season

Freshwater Ecology Survey was conducted on September 20, 2018. The survey was led by Dr Roberto Pagulayan. There are 5 Dumagats who served as local assistants during the conduct of the survey.

Sampling at Angat River adjacent to the construction Sampling site at Sta.Maria River site

In situ water quality measurement and preparation of Fish sampling near Sitio Settling, Brgy Bigte various samples Figure 16. River Ecology Monitoring, 2018 September

Table 46. Heavy Metals in Fishes, 2018 wet season Parameter Adopted Criteria Reference Sample ID maximum permitted Bigte (Dalag) Bigte (Biya) concentration

Date of sampling 20 Sept 2019 20 Sept 2019 Cap 132V food Adulteration Arsenic (ppm) 6 ND 0.4 Regulations, Toxicology Factsheet Series. Food Cadmium (mg/kg) 0.05 Safety Authority of Ireland, May 0.5 0.4 2009 Cap 132V food Adulteration Chromium (mg/kg) 1 ND ND Regulations, CODEX STAN 193-1995. FAO Lead (mg/kg) 0.3 1.9 1.8 and WHO. Amended 2015 CODEX STAN 193-1995. FAO Mercury (mg/kg) 1 2.0 1.1 and WHO. Amended 2015

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Parameter Adopted Criteria Reference Sample ID maximum permitted Bigte (Dalag) Bigte (Biya) concentration

Selenium - 0.8 1.0

The full report of the River Ecology Monitoring is presented in Appendix 8.7.

(a) Baseline Comparison Based on comparison with the baseline data from the August 2013/May 2014 sampling data reported in the 2016 EIS Report of the project and the DENR AO 2016-08 Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards, the following conclusions are forwarded: (i) Ipo Dam water

• The Ipo Dam water meet the water quality standards for the following primary parameters for Class B water set by DENR AO 2016-08– temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, color, DO, and BOD. • As for the parameter total nitrogen (Total-N), if the DENR AO 2016-08 limit for nitrate- Nitrogen (NO3-N) at 7 mg/L is adopted, on the dry season, met the nitrogen content standard. However, in the wet season, the nitrogen content in the waters of all three station increased, with the midstream and dam site exceeded the standard by 1 mg/L. • As for fecal coliform content, all sites have values that are above the maximum allowable limits and of additional concern – the values are higher than the 2013 & 2014 – implying that there is possible bacterial contamination.

(ii) Angat river water downstream of Ipo dam

• The water downstream of the dam, using DENR AO 2016-08 for Class C water, meets the water quality standards for these following primary parameters: – temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, color, DO, and BOD. • As for nitrogen content, the recorded nitrogen content value in the dry season exceeded 7 mg/L. The wet season values were lower but close to the maximum limit. • As for fecal coliform content, the water downstream of the dam have values that are above the maximum allowable limits.

(iii) Bigte-Sta Maria River water

• All Bigte-Sta Maria sampling sites met the water quality standards for the following primary parameters in Class C water set by DENR AO 2016-08– temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, color, DO, and BOD. • As for nitrogen content, SWB2A and SWB3 A in both the dry and wet seasonmet the standard for Class C waters. • SWB2 has recorded nitrogen content values, in both the dry and wet season that exceeded the standard for Class C waters.

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• Nitrogen content in the Sta Maria sampling site exceeded the standard for Class C waters.in the dry season. • As for fecal coliform content, all sites have values that are above the maximum allowable limits.

(b) Impact of construction activities on biotic diversity

• RCE : The 2018 Riparian Channel Evaluation scores are similar to that of the August 2013/May 2014 sampling of the EIA report, indicating that the current activities may have none or negligible impact on the quality of the riparian channel. • Plankton: Compared to that of the EIA reports in August 2013 and May 2014, there appears to be a greater number of plankton collected in September 2018 sampling. It appears that current tunnel construction activity have little if any negative effect on the primary productivity of the waters. • Macrobenthos: The mollusk and crustacean taxa for September 2018 are similar to that collected in Aug 2013 / May 2014 in the Project EIA Report. Tunnel construction activity during the period covered by this report does not appear to have a perceptible impact on the macro-invertebrate fauna of the Ipo-Angat water system and the Bigte-Sta. Maria water system. • Fishes: Nineteen.(19) fish species were collected in the May/September 2018 sampling. Although this is two more than the number of species collected in the in August 2013/May 2014 EIA report, the difference is not surprising and implies a negligible impact on the fish community, even for the Bigte-Sta Maria River where the major activity in the tunnel construction was then ongoing. (c) Fish ecotoxicological data

• Fish heavy metal content (ecotoxicology): Mercury, lead and cadmimum were detected for biya and dalag caught at Ipo Creek in September 2018 in amounts above the maximum allowable limits (Table 46). These heavy metals were not detected in the effluent after treatment at the WTP based from the July-December 2018 monitoring and at the current monitoring (Table 20). For the other heavy metals, it is either undetected or the measured values do not exceed the allowable limits using the adopted criteria. Thus, tunnel construction activity do not appear to have a perceptible impact on possible heavy-metal intake in fish tissue brought about by release of heavy-metals from tunnel waste and diggings.

114 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

5 Key Environmental Issues

Key Activities Implemented

The following activities are currently implemented: • Water Quality Monitoring o Water quality monitoring is conducted monthly by CRL Laboratories in Ipo/Angat River and Bigte Creek. CMC also procured portable turbidimeter and Multi-meter to take in-situ measurements on the established sampling points and bodies of water near the construction sites. • Air and Noise Quality Monitoring o Ambient air quality monitoring is conducted quarterly by CRL Laboratories o A sound level meter was procured by CMC to monitor the noise level during construction period as one of the requirements of ADB and DENR. o Tunnel air quality is monitored thru a built-in gas tester of the TBM. • Social and Economic Survey Updated socio-economic profile as component of the IPP updating has been completed. Additional information on housing characteristics, sanitary toilets, sub-tribal and organizational affiliations of residents within the Sitio Ipo of the Kabayunan Ancestral Domain (KAD) has been incorporated into the household survey and translated into Pilipino and will be further translated into the Kailugan and Kabulusan dialects. Further consultations with NCIP Bulacan Service Center and tribal councils have been planned and budgeted for implementation not only in the immediate vicinity of Sitio Ipo intake facility, but also to the rest of the KAD.

• Social and Environmental Awareness Bulletin boards for IEC purpose in the barangay halls of Brgys. Bigte and San Mateo has been installed in June 2017; in Ipo Elementary School has been purchased and installed in July 2017. The bulletin board has project information and announcements.

Figure 17. Bulletin Board at Ipo Elementary School

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Figure 18. Bulletin Board at Barangay Bigte

Public consultation on the updates of the project were held at Brgy. San Mateo Covered Court, Brgy. Bigte Multipurpose Hall on June 1, 2018 and at Ipo Dam Open Parking Area on June 26, 2018. The public consultations were led by Engr. Jojo Dorado of MWSS.

Figure 19. Public Consultations in Brgy San Mateo and Brgy Bigte

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The 1st community assembly was conducted on July 18, 2018 9:00 AM at MWSS Powehouse in Sitio Bitbit, Barangay Lorenzo, Norzagaray, Bulacan. This was headed by NCIP Bulacan Service Center as part of FPIC process for the Certification Pre-Condition (CP) application of AWTIP. The following were discussed to the Indigenous Peoples (Dumagats) during the assembly:(a) results of FBI last August 2017; (b) RA 8371 and FPIC process; (c) overview of the project; (d) work and financial plan for the conduct of FPIC; and, (e) other related matters.. Second community assembly, also led by NCIP, was held on August 29, 2018. MOA Negotiation was led by NCIP.

Figure 20. First Community Assembly with Dumagats led by NCIP

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Figure 21. Second Community Assembly with Dumagats led by NCIP, 29 August 2018

• MOA Negotiation

A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) among the MWSS, NCIP and Dumagats was initially formulated by NCIP. The MWSS completed the review of the draft MOA and provided their comments and recommendations. The MOA is now with the NCIP for their review prior to finalization and signing of the concerned parties.

• MWSS AND CPF

MWSS and the Common Purpose Facility (CPF) consisting of Maynilad and Manila Water that operate the project are having their regular monitoring.

• MMT Monitoring The MMT for this project was convened last July 27, 2017. MENRO Thiongpe Roland Lee is the chairman of the MMT for this project.

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The following activities were done with the members of the MMT:

o Presentation about the project o Site visit in all construction sites (Ipo Dam site and Bigte) o Presentation about MMT and DAO 2017-15 stating that EMB and MWSS, the proponent, will no longer be a member of the MMT.

The MMT met on 23 August 2017 at the MWSS office. The MMT discussed Manual of Operations, Work Financial Plan and other matters concerning monitoring of this project.

The Team had a meeting on 5 Sept 2017 to finalize the Manual of Operation (MOO) and Work Financial Plan (WFP). A letter dated 11 September 2017 to DENR Region 3 has been transmitted on 19 September 2017. The letter includes the MMT MOO and WFP. It also seeks advice from DENR on the next steps regarding the formation of the MMT, review and approval of MOO and WFP; establishment of the EGF and EMF; and the MOA between DENR and MWSS on these concerns.

In the absence of established Environmental Monitoring Fund which is yet to be established, CMC is to support all meetings and activities of MMT. The MMT should make requests relating to the monitoring of this project to MWSS, as the proponent. MWSS to approve and forward the request to CMC for implementation.

While the MOA between DENR and MWSS is in progress, CMC is regularly inviting the members of the MMT for a quarterly meeting. The provisional meeting was to inform MMT on the updates of the projects and its Environmental Management and Monitoring Program.

The Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) for this project initially convened last 27 July 2017 and had conducted site inspection and meeting during the following dates.

o 23 August 2017 o 3 September 2017 o 3 May 2018 o 13 September 2018 o 13 November 2018 o 12 Feb.2019 o 17 May 2019

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Figure 22. MMT Site visit in 13 September 2018

The 2018 4th Quarter MMT meeting was held on November 13, 2018. It was attended by a representative from PENRO, Ms Myrla Castro. The highlights of the 2018 4th Quarter MMT meeting are presented in November 2018 Monthly Progress Report (MPR).

Figure 23. MMT Site visit on November 13, 2018

The 2019 1st Quarter MMT meeting was held last February 12, 2019. It was attended by a representative from PENRO, Ms Myrla Castro; and CENRO representatives, Rolly G Mulato, Joselito N Tira and Eduardo Manlunas.

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Briefing by the MENRO, MMT Chairman

Inside the tunnel

MMT at the Ipo Dam site and at the site of the Intake

Figure 24. MMT Site Visit in 2019 Feb.12

The 2019 2nd Quarter MMT meeting was held on May 17, 2019.

The MMT Minutes of Meetings are presented in Appendix 8.9.

121 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 25. MMT Site visit on May 17, 2019

• Ocular Inspection by DENR Representatives

DENR Representatives attended February 12, 2019 and May 17, 2019 MMT meetings and inspection.

• ADB Mid-term Review Mission

ADB conducted midterm review mission on February 21, 2019. The ADB mission was attended by ADB Team, project staff of MWSS, DOHWA and CMC.

Order of activities o Briefing: project update by Jojo Dorado o Briefing: project monitoring update by Boy Centeno o Site visit: tunnel (about 600m from portal); WTP; Tippler o Working lunch at MWSS/ DOHWA office o Site visit: spoil disposal site; Ipo Road; access road/ slope protection in Ipo; Intake structure; boat ride along Angat River from fish landing at the construction site to the fish landing at the other end of the dam structure. o Debriefing/ wrap up by ADB

Site plans were printed and shared with ADB during the site visit

ADB Remarks

o Generally, no major environmental and safety issue. The specialists are happy to see implementation of environmental and safety program with minor comments on housekeeping -- e.g segregation of wastes, WTP monitoring and make sure that the effluent is within the standards before discharge, PPEs worn at all times, among others o Contact persons at ADB with regards to environmental safeguards and safety concerns/ update are Edwin ([email protected]) and Astra ([email protected]) o Compare the results of monitoring with Baseline values noted in the IEE and EIA.

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o Safety measures to be reported in the MPR e.g. provision of earplugs (check specification of earplugs), gloves, shifts and break time, Annual Physical Examination for workers. What is the general results? Is auditory test included? o Environmental measures implemented at the site have to be reported in the body of the MPR. o ADB Aide Memoire will be forwarded to MWSS for their review prior to publication at ADB website.

Inside the tunnel Tippler area

Spoil disposal site Intake

Ipo Dam

Figure 26. ADB Midterm Review Mission for AWTIP

123 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Key Issues Identified

There is no issue reported for the July to December 2018 SEMR. The succeeding section presents the issues or concerns encountered for this reporting period.

• An incident of miscommunication between the client and the contractor regarding the designated drop zone of contractor in Ipo site occurred on March 11, 2019. The sudden change in the drop zone was due to the ff.: o The area is quite busy because of the target date of TBM breakthrough; o Tower crane is 24 hours operational which means that the crane is lifting from time to time; o For the coming weeks, the road area would be congested of materials from the diaphragm wall that needs to be removed and cleaned; and, o There are many workers in the area because it is the only access to the slope area downstream. Actions Taken: o Set a meeting between the client and the contractor. o During the meeting, both parties agreed that the client must be informed in advance prior to the implementation of any change to the site rules. o Immediate removal of materials from the diaphragm wall and clearing of the area is conducted continuously to prevent congestion in the area. • The Traffic Management Plan (TMP) was revised on March 23, 2019 due to some obstructions encountered for the transport of heavy loads while TBM demobilization is ongoing. The period of hauling was change from nighttime to daytime to facilitate communication with accidental users of the road and to avoid disturbance of the community. Actions Taken: o Set a meeting with the barangay officials to discuss the changes in the hauling procedure. o Barangay officials organized a meeting with the local community to inform them about the daytime transport of heavy loads instead of the previously agreed nighttime. o During transport, the local barangay police escorted and assisted the hauler for the entire period from start of hauling until delivery of heavy load in Brgy. Bigte. • ADB and DOHWA representatives visited Ipo site on July 2, 2019. At around 12:05 P.M., the team went to the riverbank near the Bantay Gubat station. Mr. Leandro Samson, a member of Bantay Gubat, approached the team offensively and complained about erosion at the site and subsequent sedimentation at the boat landing which he attributed to the ongoing construction activities. Actions Taken: o Erosion in the area ➢ The contractor acknowledged that the ongoing construction may have contributed to the erosion in the area. The Grievance Procedure is implemented to formalize the site inspection / investigation to be conducted to address the complaint. ➢ The contractor concreted the waterway and provided piles of sandbags across the waterway to control the rapid flow of water and prevent erosion of the gully ➢ Slope stabilization is being planned by covering the unpaved portions of the gully with coconet and initially planting the area with vetiver. The area could

124 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

be planted later with bamboo to have a more stable ground cover considering that bamboo is flourishing in the area prior to the construction. o Unpleasant behavior of employee ➢ Immediately organized an investigating team that conducted investigation by calling the attention of the involved person to determine the root cause of the incident. ➢ Call the attention of the superior and discussed the incident that happened involving their employee and asked for their corrective action to avoid similar untoward incident in the future. ➢ A completed Grievance form and the Tagalish Sworn Statement is shown in Appendix 8.9 6 Complaint/s/Grievance/s

Details of Complaint/s

Table 47. List of grievances from January to June 2019 Valid Grievance Cases 0

Invalid Grievance Cases 0

Unresolved Grievance Case from previous months 0

Pending Valid Grievance Cases 0

Resolved Grievance Cases to date 0

It could be noted that there is no grievance case reported from January to June 2019. However, there was a compliant on the eroded embankment at the boat landing near the construction site raised by Mr. Leonardo Samson a.k. a Amang, a member of Bantay Gubat assigned in Ipo Watershed during the ADB Mid Term Review Mission on July 2, 2019. The ADB Environmental Safeguard Officer, Mr. Edwin Lara, requested to include the incident that he witnessed in the report. Thus, a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) was implemented to address the concern as discussed below.

Grievance Case dated July 2, 2019

During the site visit of ADB last July 2, 2019, the team had an informal interview with Leonardo Samson a.k.a. Amang, a member of the Bantay Gubat. He reported that loose soil and gravel materials from slope protection works eroded and were deposited in Ipo River. The team noted that the river has lower water level compared to their visit in February 2019. Such report is recommended to go through Grievance Procedure. Grievance form was filled up and explained to Amang. Grievance Team composed of representatives from IP, MWSS, DOHWA and CMC together with Amang and several Bantay Gubat met on July 18, 2019 to discuss the grievance case and do site inspection/ investigation. An investigation report was drafted and the Grievance Committee together with Amang met on July 23, 2019 to discuss the results of the investigation.

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Grievance Case – result of investigation

Due to heavy rains, there has been incident of local erosion in the area. Local erosion is observed due to heavy rain that happened in the last week of June 2019. The eroded materials were reported to have been deposited at the riverbank of Ipo River creating a reclaimed area at the boat landing near the construction site. This was raised by Leonardo Samson a.k.a Amang, a member of Bantay Gubat assigned in Ipo Watershed, to the members of ADB monitoring team during their visit in 2 July 2019. It was reported in their draft Aide Memoire for the Mid Term Review Mission, 21 February to 2 July 2019. “At the boat landing site, a local forest protection deputy reported that loose soil and gravel materials from slope protection works eroded and were deposited in Ipo River. The river has a lower water elevation than during the February visit and the river bed near the riverbanks are exposed. “ CMC staff (HSE team, Pollution Control Officer and the Environment Specialist) conducted initial investigation/ rapid site assessment on July 17, 2019 and another site investigation to support Grievance Procedure was done by Grievance Committee which composed of staff from MWSS, DOHWA, Bantay Gubat and CMC on July 18, 2019. The Grievance Procedure was reviewed with the committee and followed by site visit/ investigation.

17 July 2019 18 July 2019

Water level: 100.8

Water level: 99.4

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17 July 2019 18 July 2019

Exposed riverbed and ‘sand bar’ at Ipo tributary going to Sapang Munti

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17 July 2019 18 July 2019

Riverbank exposed during low water level

The location of the Bantay Gubat Station and mini store is where natural gullies are noted.

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17 July 2019 18 July 2019

CMC noted that Bantay Gubat Station and mini store To mitigate such incident, CMC installed sand bags to was constructed at the gully area which is a natural contain loose soil from potential erosion and will be waterway of rainwater. continuously monitoring the area and implement practicable measures to prevent such incident to happen again. Figure 27. Site Investigation on July 17 to 18, 2019

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The Ipo Watershed including the Ipo Dam Site is characterized as high susceptibility to rain-induced landslide (see map below).

Project Site Figure 28. Hazard Map - Rain Induced Landslide

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Moreover, as stated in the following project documents of Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (AWTIP): 1. Environmental Management Plan in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) submitted to Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR); 2. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) submitted to Asian Development Bank (ADB); and 3. Contractor’s Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (CEMMP) submitted by CMC and was approved by MWSS. Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement Restricted access to the Inform affected communities living in Ipo Watershed on the impact of construction existing fish landing sites works on transportation and consult them for the best alternative route. Have in Sitio Consultant alternative route and fish and boat landing sites ready for use prior to commencement of (identified area as the construction activities. Contractor’s Work Area) Provide alternative access to school for school children and residents and boat landing at Sitio Ipo Establish alternate boat landing at the mouth of Sapang Munti River Install soil entrapment nets and coffer dams to contain soil erosion at dam site Provide clear signage of alternative routes

Grievance Case Summary and Recommendation

Presented below is the summary and recommendations following the investigation of the Grievance Case.

1. The alleged exposure of riverbed with sediment deposits coming from the cut slopes as reported by ADB in the Aide Memoire cannot be solely attributed to the local erosion during the heavy rains. ( Sediment deposition along the rivermouth of Sapang Munti River is also evident. The rivermouth of Sapang Munti River is quite close to the observed exposed riverbed in Ipo reservoir but the fomer is outside the project impact area. Thus, the exposure of the sediments in the riverbed could be partly due to low water level in Ipo reservoir as could be seen in photos taken during the 2-day site investigation (Fig. 27). In addition, it could be presumed that sediment deposition in the waterbody is a natural occurrence based on the observed condition in Sapang Munti River. The cleared area in the project site could have contributed to the sediment deposition due to the exposure of additional sediments that could be easily carried by the surface runoff to Ipo reservoir. To mitigate the potential project impact, the waterway is paved and piles of sandbags across the waterway are provided to control the rapid flow of water and prevent the erosion of the gully. Slope stabilization is also being planned by covering the unpaved portions of the gully with coconet and initially planting the area with vetiver. 2. The location of the Bantay Gubat and mini-store is unsafe due to presence of natural waterways/ gullies. The Bantay Gubat and owner of the mini-store should be made aware of the physical features and its potential adverse impacts to their property especially during heavy rains and the access restrictions as discussed during various IP consultation meetings. Due to community health and safety hazards identified as adverse impacts in this area during construction stage, access restriction is highly recommended. The Bantay Gubat and the IP community have been informed during the pre-project surveys and consultations about the access restriction in the area of Sitio Consultant which is the current area of construction site. As a result of such access restriction, the IP community were allowed to access the other boat landing across the Ipo Dam and were

131 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

given free boat service to the community from early stage of the project construction until the end of construction activities. 3. Various project documents identified community health and safety hazards at the construction site hence, access restriction is noted. 4. The Bantay Gubat should be informed of the results of this investigation. Actions Taken

The Grievance Procedure has been followed to document the complaint reported by Bantay Gubat to ADB. Amang, the IP complainant, together with group of Bantay Gubat were pleased with the investigation and erosion control measures done.

CMC distributed additional copies of the Grievance Forms to Brgys. Bigte and San Mateo; and to the Dumagat in Sitio Ipo. The accomplished Grievance Forms are shown in Appendix 8.10.

132 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

7 Conclusion and Recommendation

Overall Progress of Implementation of Environmental Management Measures10

The overall progress can be assessed as good. In construction activities, potential environmental impacts associated to tunnel construction are observed and proper mitigation measures indicated in EIA, IEE and CEMMP were followed. Different monitoring activities such as monthly water quality monitoring and quarterly ambient air quality and noise level monitoring are carried out by CRL Laboratories. CMC’s initiative to monitor noise and water thru their portable equipment are continuous. However, the ear plug being issued to the workers and personnel is not enough to reduce the noise level within the WHO/IFC- EHS noise guideline values. The TBM has built-in gas tester to monitor the quality of air inside the tunnel. A water treatment plant is now in continuous operation to treat the tunnel’s effluent. The excavation works by TBM is finished. The completion of works, final inspection and subsequent issuance of the Certificate of Completion for the temporary spoil disposal site is in progress. Measures and regular monitoring are being implemented to control local erosion at construction sites. The DOHWA Social Safeguards completed the updating of the socio-economic profile for the project.

10 Overall sector environmental management progress could be described in qualitative terms or be evaluated based on a ranking system, such as the following: 1. Very Good 2. Good 3. Fair 4. Poor 5. Very Poor Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary.

133 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

8 Appendices

Progress Photos 1. as of June 2019

(a) Inlet

Figure 29. Concreting of lay bay at Sta. 0+360

Figure 30. Concreting of curbs and gutter at Ipo access road Sta. 0+700

134 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 31. Resumption of excavation to reach Elev. +94.70m and re-shaping of inlet transition

Figure 32. Completion of the shotcrete and ditch construction at the landslide area

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Figure 33. On-going forms stripping at the retaining wall at Ipo access road Sta. 0+798 to 0+816

Figure 34. Data collection for the piezometer equipment

136 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 35. On-going dredging works (prior to underwater demolition works)

Figure 36. Re-shaping works inside the inlet transition

137 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Outlet

Figure 37. Conveyance channel foundation rebar installation for Segments 2 and 3

2. Previous Site Works (January to May 2019)

Figure 38. Conveyance channel wall forms erection at Segment 3

138 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 39. Conveyance channel top slab forms and rebar installation for Segment 4

Figure 40. Conveyance channel internal walls forms erection for Segment 3

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Figure 41. Conveyance channel walls rebar installation for Segment 2 (left side)

Figure 42. Outlet portal (after the removal of cement silo/ventilation duct)

140 AWTIP Tunnel 4 Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report 5 January to June 2019

Figure 43. Operation and Maintenance of Water Treatment Plant

141

5. Submission of a detailed full year water supply and utilization analysis shall be undertaken within (2) years from receipt of this Certificate to include history of the water releases from Umiray River, Angat Dam, irrigation thru the Angat Tailrace tunnel, Ipo River upstream of Ipo Dam, Angat River downstream of Ipo Dam, and water diverted thru the existing tunnels. This shall address any existing impact on NIA Angat-Maasim River Irrigation System (AMRIS) water supply and potential to increase water allocation to Water Right or optimize the 60.6m3/s MWSS Not Applicable For submission by April 2019. capacity of the four tunnels. The premise is the priority domestic/municipal water supply (advantage side) over irrigation water supply. Scenarios include the normal water flow, excess water flow (La Niña events) and extremely low flows (El Niño). The study shall be coordinated with NWRB, NIA, AMRIS federation of farmers. The goals is to provide the farmers, LGUs and decision-makers awareness of the actual situation and preparedness for extreme condition. General conditions MWSS 6. The project operations shall conform with the CMC provisions of environmental laws regulations and their SMR (compliance to Implementing Rules and Regulations namely: RA 6969 In Progress (Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste National laws, MPR Control Act of 1990), RA 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act of rules and 1999), RA 9003 (Act providing for an Ecological Solid regulations Waste Management Program), and RA 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004) 7. The proponent shall set up the following: The draft MOA a. A readily available and replenishable Environmental was submitted to Guarantee Fund (EGF) to cover the following expenses: MWSS Legal • for further environmental assessments, compensations/ identification for whatever damages to life and property Department and that may be caused by the project; MWSS, to be will be reviewed In Progress • rehabilitation and/or restoration of areas affected by the funded by CMC by the Board of project’s implementation; Directors of • abandonment/decommissioning of the project facilities MWSS. CMC has related to the prevention of possible negative impacts and as a source of fund for contingency and clean-up already allocated activities; funds for the EGF.

b. A Multi-Partite Monitoring Team (MMT) composed of representative(s) from the proponent, EMB Region III, a CMC is funding MMT meetings. local environmental Non-Government Organization MWSS to be (NGO), NIA and the LGUs concerned shall be organized. In Progress Recent MMT assisted by CMC The MMT shall primarily oversee the compliance of the meeting was Nov. proponent with the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) 13, 2018 as well as the condition of its ECC.

The draft MOA c. A replenishable Environmental Monitoring Fund (EMF) was submitted to to cover all costs attendant to the operation of the MMT MWSS Legal such as training, sampling and analysis, the hiring of Department and technical experts, accommodations and transportations. will be reviewed In Progress The amount and mechanics of the EGF, EMF, and the establishments by the Board of of the MMT shall be determined by EMB CO and the proponent in Directors of coordination with EMB Region III through a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) which shall be submitted within sixty (60) days upon receipt of MWSS. CMC has the Certificate already allocated funds for the EMF. 8. Creation of Environmental Unit within sixty (60) days from receipt of this Certificate that shall competently handle the environmental-related aspects of the project. In addition to the monitoring requirements as specified in the Environmental Plan/ Environmental Monitoring Plan, the EU shall have the following responsibilities:

• Monitor actual projects impacts vis-à-vis the predicted impacts and management measures in the EIS • Recommended revisions to the EMP/EMoP, whenever In Progress necessary subject to the approval of EMB CO. Revisions should also consider the result of the validation of air dispersion and thermal plume modeling • Ensure that data gathered during monitoring activities are properly documented, assessed, evaluated and reported to EMB CO and Region III in accordance with the standard formats; and • Ensure that monitoring and submissions of reports to EMB (CO and Region III) are carried out as required.

9. The proponent shall ensure that its contractors and Please see July to subcontractors strictly comply with relevant condition of December 2018 In Progress this certificate as well as the Environmental Management MPRs submitted Plan in the EIS by CMC There is a change in design in the Restrictions intake. Design 10. No other activities shall be undertaken other than drawing on the what were stipulated in the EIS. Any expansion or In Progress intake is to be modification of the Project beyond the project description integrated to the or any change in the activity shall be subject to new EIA design drawing of study the slope stabilization work.

11. Transfer the ownership of this project carries these same conditions and restrictions for which written the project is Not Applicable notification must be made by herein grantee to EMB owned by MWSS within fifteen (15) days from such transfer II. Project Assessment Planning Tool

For the assistance of proponent and government agencies concerned in the management of the project and for the better coordination and mitigating on the project on its surrounding areas and to the environment. By the way of recommendation, the following have been taken notice of by this Office, and are forwarding these recommendations to the parties and authorities concerned for proper actions.

Responsible Relevant Recommedations Compliance Status Remarks Agencies Documents CMc is compliant in all required project document by DOH. Please see relevant documentation 1. Compliance with the following: DOH Compliant from HR a. Sanitation Code of the Philippines Department of CMC. All staff working at the messhall were required of health permit CMC is compliant in all required project document by DOLE. Please b. Labor code of the Philippines including health and DOLE Compliant see relevant safety standards documentation from HR Department of CMC please see C:\Users\Rustica Romero\Documen ts\RR c. National Building Code of the Philippines LGU Compliant PROJECTS\2017 CMC\02 REF\2.2 PERMIT, MOA\Pemits and Licences Service Contract on Hauling and Disposal of 2. Ensure conformance with the Ecological Solid Waste LGU Compliant Garbage 2018 in Management Act place and services are rendered by LGU Bigte to CMC

MENRO of LGU 3. Inform constituents about the proposed project Norzagaray is the especially those that are located downstream of Ipo Dam Cannot Document chairman of MMT. like Barangays Baraca and Pinagtulayan for any potential LGU of Norzagaray Recent meeting Compliance increase in the total suspended solids of Angat River includes discusion during dry season. of monitoring activities of CMC.

4. Maintain records of both print and digital versions on the daily water supply allocation, schedule and actual NIA Compliant water extraction of Bustos Dam, including often affected rice farms during El Niño events Cannot Document MWSS measures water intake to 5. Monitor of water flow downstream of Bustos Dam NIA Compliance all its transmission system tree cutting permits (see C:\Users\Rustica Romero\Documen ts\RR 6. Secure tree cutting permit (if any) DENR-FMB Compliant tree cutting permit secured PROJECTS\2017 CMC\02 REF\2.2 PERMIT, MOA\Tree Cutting Permits) not applicable as the watershed 7. Secure PAMB clearance DENR Compliant has no management board 8. Secure FPIC NCIP Not Applicable

III. Environmental Plainning and Recommendations for the Proponent

Responsible Relevant Recommedations Compliance Status Remarks Agencies Documents employement 1. Give priority employment to qualified local residents. record Adequate public information for jobs available to local Compliant residents in the affected areas needs to be provided. MPR 2. Strictly conduct rigid/periodic monitoring of related Compliant HSE report health/sickness during project’s operation H and S record on 3. The proponent shall provide adequate safety gadgets PPEs to its employees/workers to prevent health and Compliant occupational hazards posed by project implementation MPR H&S section

The proponent shall conduct regular structural monitoring that will detect potential problems and trigger remedial In Progress MPR responses to avoid possible tunnel failure/breakdown.

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FRESHWATER ECOLOGY MONITORING

of

Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (AWTIP) Tunnel No. 4 Construction Project

–

MONITORING REPORT (DRY & WET SEASON 2018)

Roberto C. Pagulayan, PhD

Consultant

Sampling Team Technical Associate: Shiela Cabral, MSc

Sampling Aides/ Local Guides: Philip Aquino Reynaldo Aquino Willihado Hamisola Rodrigo Capa Jordan Celestino

Document history River Ecology Monitoring Report, 2018 Wet and Dry Season Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project

This document has been issued and amended as follows:

Version Date Description Created by Verified by Approved by

1 2019 Draft RCPagulayan Rustica January Romero

2

3

4

Table of Contents List of Tables ...... iv List of Figures ...... iv List of Photos ...... iv 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 6 2. STUDY AREA ...... 7 2.1 Sampling Sites ...... 7 2.2 Water Quality ...... 11 2.3 Riparian Channel Evaluation (RCE. Modified from Petersen 1992) ...... 11 2.4 Freshwater Biota ...... 13 Plankton ...... 14 Macro-invertebrates ...... 14 Fish & Shrimp Fauna ...... 14 2.5 Ecotoxicological Studies ...... 14

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ...... 15 3.1 Primary Water Quality Parameters ...... 15 3.2 Secondary water quality parameters – Metals and Oil & Grease ...... 18 3.3 Riparian Channel Evaluation (RCE) ...... 19 3.3.1 Ipo Lake RCE ...... 19 3.3.2 Riverine sites RCE ...... 20 3.4 Freshwater Biota in the sampling sites ...... 21 3.4.1 Plankton ...... 21 3.4.1.1 Lake Plankton (Sites 1-3, Ipo-Angat river system) May and September plankton composition compared...... 28

3.4.1.2 River Plankton (Sites 4,5, & 5b - Ipo-Angat river system) May and September plankton composition compared ...... 29

3.4.1.3 River Plankton (Sites 6,7,& 8 - Bigte-Sta Maria river system) May and September plankton composition compared ...... 30

3.4.1.4 Plankton Diversity Indices (May and September plankton composition compared) ..... 30

3.4.1.5 Plankton Community May/September 2018 sampling compared to August2013/May 2014 sampling plankton ...... 32

i

3.4.2 Macrobenthos (Mollusk & Crustaceans) ...... 32 3.4.2.1 Macrobenthos (Sites 1-3, Ipo lake) May and September composition compared...... 32

3.4.2.2 Macrobenthos (Sites 4,5, & 5b - Ipo-Angat river system) May and September composition compared ...... 32

3.4.2.3 Macrobenthos (Sites 6,7, & 8 – Bigte-Sta Maria system) May and September composition compared ...... 34

3.4.2.4 Macrobentos Diversity Indices (May and September compared) ...... 34

3.4.2.5. Macrobenthos Community taxonomix notes May/September 2018 sampling compared to August2013/May 2014 sampling plankton ...... 35

3.4.3 Fish Fauna ...... 37 3.4.3.1 Fish Fauna (Sites 1-3, Ipo lake) May and September composition compared...... 42

3.4.3.2 Fish Fauna (Sites 4,5,& 5b), Angat River) May and September composition compared. .. 43

3.4.3.3 Fish Fauna (Sites 6,7,& 8),Bigte-Sta Maria River) May and September composition compared...... 43

3.4.3.4. Fish Fauna diversity indices (May and September compared)...... 43

3.4.3.5. Fish Community May/September 2018 sampling compared to August2013/May 2014 sampling plankton ...... 45

3.5 Ecotoxicological Studies – heavy metal analysis in fish ...... 45 4. Conclusion and Recommendation ...... 47 4.1 Water quality: Baseline Comparison ...... 47 4.1.1 Ipo Dam Lake water: ...... 47 4.1.2 Angat river water downstream of Ipo dam ...... 47 4.1.3 Bigte-Sta Maria river water: ...... 47 4.1.4. DENR AO 2016-08secondary water quality standards ...... 48 4.2 Impact of construction activities on biotic diversity...... 48 4.2.1 RCE ...... 48

5. Recommendations for the 2019 Monitoring Protocol ...... 50 5.1 Sampling Methodology ...... 50 5.2 Public Health Advisories ...... 50

ii

Appendix 1. Lab results (2018 May) ...... 51 Appendix 2. Lab results (2018 Sept) ...... 52

iii

List of Tables

Table 1. 2018 Water Quality and Biota Monitoring Sites...... 7 Table 2. Riparian Channel Evaluation (RCE) ...... 11 Table 3. Primary Water Quality data in relation to DENR AO 2016-08 ...... 15 Table 4. Heavy Metal and Oil/Grease content of water (May / Sept 2018 monitoring) ...... 18 Table 5. Riparian Channel Evaluation (RCE) Ipo Dam lake sites (May / September 2018 as represented in the data) ...... 19 Table 6. Riparian Channel Evaluation (Riverine Sites) (May / September 2018 as represented in the data)...... 20 Table 7. Plankton in Angat Rive, Bigte Creek and Sta Maria River 2018 sampling ...... 21 Table 8. Plankton diversity index May 2018 ...... 30 Table 9. Plankton diversity indices September 2018 ...... 31 Table 10. Macrobenthos (Individuals /sq m) ...... 33 Table 11. Macrobenthos diversity indices May 2018 ...... 34 Table 12. Macrobenthos diversity indices September 2019 ...... 34 Table 13. Fishes collected in May and September 2018 ...... 38 Table 14. Fish diversity indices; May 2018 ...... 43 Table 15. Fish diversity indices; September 2018 ...... 44 Table 16. Heavy metals in fish ...... 45

List of Figures Figure 1. Sampling Site in Angat-Ipo River ...... 9 Figure 2. Sampling Site in Angat-Ipo River. Showing the distance of Site 5b from the other sites in the vicinity of Ipo Dam...... 10 Figure 3. Sampling Site in Bigte Creek and Sta Maria River ...... 10

List of Photos Photo 1. Plankton Chlorophyta ...... 24 Photo 2. Phytoplankton ...... 24 Photo 3. Plankton : Cyanophyta ...... 25 Photo 4. Phytolankton Bacillariophyta ...... 27 Photo 5. Plankton ...... 27 iv

Photo 6. Cyanophyta ...... 29 Photo 7. Pomacea canaliculata ...... 36 Photo 8. Corbicula fluminea ...... 36 Photo 9. Macrobrachium sp ...... 37 Photo 10. Caridina...... 37 Photo 11. Fish Photos ...... 42

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1. INTRODUCTION

Through water transmission system, the water supply coming from water reservoirs in Umiray- Angat-Ipo are provided the bulk of water demands for inhabitant in Metro Manila and some areas of Bulacan. However, other than the needs for its improvement, the current water transmission system fails to provide the allocated 46m3/s granted water allocation. This enacted the moved to open another water transmission system known as the Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (AWTIP) to allow rehabilitation/ improvement of the water transmission system.

AWTIP aims to improve reliability of water supply in Metro Manila. The construction of the Tunnel 4 is mainly aimed at providing operational flexibility and will not affect the determination of water allocation for MWSS. Once constructed and operational, this will give MWSS the opportunity to thoroughly conduct investigation and rehabilitation of the old existing tunnels.

The water transmission tunnel 4 of the Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project being constructed will have an intake constructed at the side of the IPO Dam structure. The Tunnel 4 will traverse Brgy San Mateo and ends at the upper portion of Brgy Bigte in the municipality of Norzagaray, Province of Bulacan. The Right of Way (ROW) of the tunnel will be within the ROW of the existing Tunnel 1, 2, and 3 of MWSS which is about 6.4km long and about 60m wide. It generally follows the ROW of the road system from IPO dam to Bigte. The mid portion traverses the rolling terrain of San Mateo about 600m away from the road ROW.

The construction of AWTIP water transmission tunnel is classified as Category B based on ADB’s environmental safeguard policies. This means that there are some potential adverse environmental impacts, but not sufficient for a full environmental impact assessment (EIA). In this regard, the conduct of river ecology study is held with a proposal to conduct bi-annual biodiversity monitoring study.

The freshwater ecology monitoring activity and report is done in compliance to DENR DAO 03-30 Section 2.3 (monitoring, validation, and evaluation/audit). As indicated in the EIS, the projected major impact of the construction activity on the freshwater environment will be in the beginning and the end of the tunnel.

a) At the Tunnel intake site: freshwater bodies that will be affected are a). Ipo Dam Intake tunnel site and b). Norzagaray/Angat River downstream of Ipo Dam.

b) At the Tunnel end: Creek at Bigte and Santa Maria River

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2. STUDY AREA

2.1 Sampling Sites

The sampling sites in this report covers two general areas that are perceived to be the “impact” areas of the proposed project: a) the proposed intake channel site at the Ipo Dam area, and b) the tunnel end now being constructed in Bigte.

For the sampling sites in the vicinity of the proposed intake channel site (Sites 1-4), both water quality and biota sampling were done in the same proximate vicinity for both the dry season (May 2018) and wet season (September 2018). However, an additional sampling site was covered downstream to Site 5 (indicated as Site 5-b Angat River in the wet season data). The reason for the inclusion of this additional site is the assumed higher impact of the heightened construction activity in the intake channel site at the Ipo dam area due to the anticipated breach of the tunnel and construction of other related facilities in 2019. In the EIA sampling done in 2013, a site downstream to Site 5 was also sampled.

As much as possible, the sampling sites for water quality were placed in closed proximity to the sampling sites for aquatic organisms. This was achieved in most of the sampling sites. However, because water samples need to be brought to the laboratory in Clark Pampanga (about 2-3 hrs drive from the sampling sites) as soon as possible (water samples for DO test usually have a holding time of only 8 hours. Thus, distances between sampling stations for water quality are shorter than that of the aquatic biota sampling stations. The differences in the distances are however, not that large and associations between water quality and aquatic biology data are discussed within the sampling site vicinities.

These sampling sites with their respective map coordinates are presented in Table 1. The map- pinpointed sites are presented in Figures 1, 2 and 3.

Table 1. 2018 Water Quality and Biota Monitoring Sites. Dry Season Wet Season EIA EIA May 2018 September 8/2013 5/2014 2018 I. Ipo-Angat River Channel Sites A. Water Quality Sites SW IPO 1 5/31/2018: 9/20/2018; (Ipo Lake; Sapang Anginan and Angat N 14.890481, N 14.902557, ☑ ☑ River confluence) E 121..166553 E 121.167102 SW IPO 2. 5/31/2018; 9/20/2018; (Ipo Lake; confluence of Sapang Munti N 14.872857; N 14.884653; ☑ ☑ and Angat River) E121.168222 E 121.157232

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SW Ipo 3 5/31/2018 9/20/2018 (Ipo Lake; between the old Ipo Dam N 14.874139; N 14.875763, ☑ ☑ structure and intakes of existing E121. 182361 E121.148303 tunnels) SW Ipo 4 5/31/2018 9/20/2018 (Angat River; 350m downstream from N 14.876889; N 14.875378, ☑ ☑ Ipo Dam structure) E 121.178417 E 121.147048 B. Biota Sampling Sites Site 1 Ipo US 5/28/2018 ; 9/20/2018 (Ipo Lake upstream; 100 meters from N 14.902557, N 14.902557, ☑ ☑ the angat spillway) E 121.167102 E 121.167102

Site 2 Ipo MS 5/28/2018 9/20/2018 (Ipo Lake midstream; vicinity of the N14.884653, N 14.884653; ☑ ☑ Bantay Gubat campsite) E 121.157232 E 121.157232 Site 3 Ipo Dam 5/28/2018 9/20/2018 N (Ipo Lake Dam vicinity) N 14.875763, 14.875763, E ☑ ☑ E 121.148303 121.148303 Site 4 below Dam 5/28/2018 9/20/2018 (Angat River; 200m downstream from N 14.876084 N 14.876084 ☑ ☑ Ipo Dam structure) E 121.146716 E 121.146716 Site 5 Angat-Bitbit 5/29/2018; 9/20/2018 (Angat River; vicinity of Bitbit Bridge) N 14.898107, N14.898107, ☑ E 121.139842 E 121.139842 Site 5b Angat-Pogpog 9/21/2018; (Angat River; at Brgy Pogpog, N 14.914557, ☑ Norzagaray; about 1 km upstream of E. 121.036907 the site in the EIA 8/2013 sampling) II. Bigte-Sta Maria River Channel A. Water Quality Sites Site SWB2 5/31/2018; 9/20/2018 N (Bigte Creek tributary; within the N 14.858767, 14.858767, E ☑ ☑ Salonga Property, near Sitio Settling; E 121.088833 121.088833 downstream of Site 6 Bigte-MWSS biota site) Site SWB2 A. 5/29/2018; 9/20/2018 (Bigte Creek; within Salonga property; N14.856398, N14.856398, ☑ downstream of Site SWB2 & about 20 E 121.086814 E 121.086814 m from Site 7 BigteDS biota sampling) Site SWB3 A 5/31/2018 9/20/2018 (Bigte Creek at back of Salonga N 14.856894 N 14.856894 ☑ ☑ Property near Minuyan Bridge. E 121.086294 E 121.086294 Site SWSM1 5/23/2018 9/20/2018 (Sta Maria River just after San Jose N 14.834665, N14.834665, ☑ ☑ bridge (water and biota) E 121.076055 E 121.076055 B. Biota Sampling Sites

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Site 6. Bigte-MWSS 5/29/2018; 9/21/2018 (Bigte Creek tributary along Manila N14.85903, N14.85903, ☑ ☑ Water compound (biota) E 121.090484 E 121.090484 Site 7. Bigte DS 5/29/2018; 9/21/2018 (Bigte Creek tributary; within Salonga N14.856398, N14.856398, ☑ property; about 20 m from Site SWB2A E 121.086814 E 121.086814 water sampling site) Site 8. Sta Maria 5/23/2018 N 9/21/2018 (Sta Maria River just after San Jose 14.834665, N14.834665, ☑ ☑ bridge (water and biota) E 121.076055 E 121.076055 (Slight differences in the coordinates between the dry and wet season sites in the Ipo Lake sites are due to measurement accuracy issues and slight displacement of the boat in the water; checked boxes indicate the similarity of the sites in the EIA report)

Figure 1. Sampling Site in Angat-Ipo River

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Figure 2. Sampling Site in Angat-Ipo River. Showing the distance of Site 5b from the other sites in the vicinity of Ipo Dam.

Figure 3. Sampling Site in Bigte Creek and Sta Maria River

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2.2 Water Quality

Water physico-chemistry was measured either in-situ or in the laboratory at CRL Lab in Clark. Water collection was done according to standards methods (Standard Methods, 21st edition, APHA, 2005).

2.3 Riparian Channel Evaluation (RCE. Modified from Petersen 1992)

The Riparian, Channel and Environmental (RCE) Inventory has been developed to assess the physical and biological condition of small streams in the lowland, agricultural landscape. It consists of sixteen characteristics which define the structure of the riparian zone, stream channel morphology, and the biological condition in both habitats. The scoreboard is given below for the conditions in the site up to 50 m upstream and downstream of the recorder. The RCE was developed for flowing-water streams. As such, five (5) components below were not applicable to the standing-water environment of Ipo Dam lake and were not included in the evaluation.

Table 2. Riparian Channel Evaluation (RCE) 1. Land-use pattern beyond the immediate riparian zone Undisturbed, consisting of forest, natural wetlands, bog and/or mires 30 ___ Permanent pasture mixed with woodlots and swamps, few row crops 20 ___ Mixed row crops and pasture 10 ___ Mainly row crops 1 ___

2. Width of riparian zone from stream edge to field Marshy or woody riparian zone >30 m wide 30 ___ Marshy or woody riparian zone varying from 5 to 30 m wide 20 ___ Marshy or woody riparian zone 1-5 m 5 ___ Marshy or woody riparian zone absent 1 ___

3. Completeness of riparian zone Riparian zone intact without breaks in vegetation 30___ Breaks occurring at intervals of >50 m 20___ Breaks frequent with some gullies and scars every 50 m 5___ Deeply scarred with gullies all along its length 1___

4. Vegetation of riparian zone within 10 m of channel >90% plant density of non-pioneer trees/shrubs/native marsh plants 25 __ Mixed pioneer species along channel and mature trees behind 15 __ Vegetation of mixed grasses and sparse pioneer tree or shrub species 5 __ Vegetation consisting of grasses, few tree species 1 __

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5. Retention devices Channel with rocks and old logs firmly set in place 15 __ Rocks and logs present by back filled with sediment 10 __ Retention devices loose; moving with floods 5 __ Channel of loose sandy silt; few channel obstructions 1___

6. Channel structure Ample for present and annual peak flows, width/depth <7 15__ Adequate, overbank flows rare, W/D 8 to 15 10 __ Barely contains present peaks, W/D 15 to 25 5 __ Overbank flows common, W/D >25 or stream is channelized 1 __

7. Channel sediments Little or no channel enlargement resulting from sediment accumulation 15 __ Some gravel bars of coarse stones and well-washed debris present, little silt 10 __ Sediment bars of rocks, sands and silt common 5 __ Channel divided into braids or stream is channelized 1__

8. Stream-bank structure Banks stable, of rock and soil held firmly by grasses, shrubs and tree roots 25 __ Banks firm but loosely held by grass and shrubs 15 __ Banks of loose soil held by a sparse layer of grass and shrubs 5 __ Banks unstable, of loose soil or sand easily disturbed 1__

9. Bank undercutting Little or none evident or restricted to areas with tree root support 20__ Cutting only on curves and at constrictions 15__ Cutting frequent, undercutting of banks and roots 5__ Severe cutting along channel, banks falling in 1__

10. Stony substrate; feel and appearance Stones clean, rounded without sharp edges; may have blackened 25__ Stones without sharp edges and with slight sand, silt, gritty feel 15__ Some stones with sharp edges, obvious gritty cover 5__ Stones bright; silt, grit cover and sharp edges common 1__

11. Stream bottom Stony bottom of several sizes packed together, interstices obvious 25__ Stony bottom easily moved, with little silt 15__

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Bottom of silt, gravel and sand, stable in places 5__ Uniform bottom of sand and silt loosely held together, stony substrate abs 1__

12. Riffles and pools, or meanders Distinct, occurring at intervals of 5-7x stream width 25__ Irregularly spaced 20__ Long pools separating short riffles, meanders absent 5__ Meanders and riffles/pools absent or stream channelized 1__

13. Aquatic vegetation When present consists of moss and patches of algae 15 __ Algae dominant in pools, vascular plants along edge 10__ Algal mats present, some vascular plants, few mosses 5__ Algal mats cover bottom, vascular plants dominate channel 1__

14. Detritus Mainly consisting of leaves and wood without sediment 25__ Leaves and wood scarce; fine flocculent organic debris without sediment 10__ No leaves or woody debris; coarse and fine organic matter with sediment 5__ Fine, anaerobic sediment, no coarse debris 1__

Total ______

Evaluation Class Score Evaluation Recommended action

I >80% Excellent Bio-monitoring/protection of existing status II >60% Very good Selected alterations/monitoring for changes III >40% Good Minor alterations needed IV >20% Fair Major alterations needed

V 20%- below Poor Complete structural reorganization

2.4 Freshwater Biota

In all sites, a 50-meter stream length was designated as the collection limits, where bank collection was made and a 10-meter radius was designated where sampling was done in the mid-lake waters.

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Plankton Zooplankton and phytoplankton samples were collected from the water column using a plankton net of 60 µm mesh size. Approximately 500 liters of water were collected, preferably from slow moving portions of the stream. Samples were immediately placed in plastic leak-proof bottles, and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol.

Plankton identification and counts were determined in the laboratory. Each sampled water was tapped with additional water to make 50 ml. From this 50 ml sample, a 1 ml sub-sample was taken after thorough mixing for plankton identification and counts.

Macro-invertebrates Where the substratum is composed of stones, attached organisms were scraped using a plastic brush with very pliable bristles, from a 10 m riverbank transect for an approximate total of 1 sq m of surface area of stones and other suitable substrates (leaf litter, wood, etc).

In sandy or muddy substrates, approximately 1 sq m (cumulative) of substrate (taken 1 inch deep) was passed through a 1 mm sieve.

Fish & Shrimp Fauna Fish fauna were collected using: a. electro-fishing gear (riverine sites) and seine nets Ipo dam lake sites) -one with mesh size 1 cm and 1 with mesh size 1mm. A mosquito net was also used to collect smaller fishes in wadable areas. Samples were immediately preliminarily sorted, identified, and preserved in ice.

2.5 Ecotoxicological Studies For the May 2018 dry season sampling, about 400 grams of tilapia, dalag, biya, and mosquito fishes- were submitted for eco-toxicological analysis to CRL Lab in Clark, Pampanga.

For the September 2018 wet season sampling, about 400 grams of catfish and dalag fishes were submitted for eco-toxicological analysis to CRL Lab in Clark, Pampanga.

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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Primary Water Quality Parameters

The table below presents the primary water quality data in relation to DENR 08-2016 (in red.)

Table 3. Primary Water Quality data in relation to DENR AO 2016-08 (The slash line between values separates the May from September data) TSS Temp mg/L Phosphate P Total-N Color Fecal Coliform DO BOD May / September 2018 pH oC (May mg/L mg/L TCU MPN/100ml mg/L mg/L only) SW Ipo 1 (Ipo lake) 26.4/22.4 6.9/7.5 4/ 0.03/0.01 5.7/6.9 3 / 8 46/45 6 / 9 <1 / 1 SW Ipo 2 (Ipo lake) 28.3/26.6 7.2/7.4 3.3/ <0.006/<0.01 5.3/8.0 8/8 70/170 6/8 1/1

SW Ipo 3 (Ipol lake) 27.7/18.6 7.5/7.5 4/ <0.006/0.02 5.4/8.2 8/8 110/490 6/9 1/2 DENR AO 2016-08 Class B (Ref: Classified Water Bodies in Region 7 3: 26-30 6.5-8.5 65 0.5 50 200 5 5 (NO -N) http://water.emb.gov.ph/?page_i 3 d=757)

SW Ipo 4 (Angat after dam) 28/20.3 7.3/7.3 5/ 0.03/0.01 12/6.8 5/8 280/330 9/10 <1/1

SWB2 (Bigte Creek) 28/25.4 8.1/8 12/ 0.06/0.1 8/7.1 10/10 17000/1700 6/8 2/1

SWB2 A (Bigte Creek) 27/24.3 7.6/8 4/ 0.03/0.05 6.8/5.5 7/10 2400/5,400 6/9 1/2

SWB3 A (Bigte Creek) 29.3/28.1 7.1/7.5 14/ 0.2/0.09 6.8/4.5 15/8 31000/240,000 4/7 3/1

SWSM1 (Sta Maria River) 27.6/25.2 7.3/7.8 18/ 0.4/0.3 8.1/5.2 20/15 22000/54,000 5/8 2/2

DENR AO 08-2016 Class C 25-31 6.5-9 80 0.5 7 75 200 5 7

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Angat River Upper Reach is classified as Class B river as listed in the List of classified rivers (2004). This classification is based on DAO 1990-34 and now superseded by DAO 2018-08. The description of surface water classification is the same in both DAOs. Hence for comparison to standards, the water quality results will be compared to Class B for which Angat River is classified. The water quality in the first three sites (SW Ipo 1-3) is compared to Class B freshwater standard. The other sites (SW Ipo4, SW B2, SWB2A, SWB3, SW SM1) are classified as Class C.

The Primary Water Quality data (DENR 2016-08) collected for the 2018 monitoring above shows the following:

A. SW Ipo 1-3: All these Ipo Dam Lake 1-3 meet the water quality standards for the following primary parameters for Class B water set by DENR AO 2016-08– temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, color, DO, and BOD. As for the parameter total nitrogen (Total-N), DENR AO 2016-08 sets the limit for nitrate-Nitrogen (NO3-N) at 7 mg/L. The nitrogen content shown in the monitoring data above is total nitrogen. Total-N is the sum of total kjeldahl nitrogen (ammonia, organic and reduced nitrogen) and nitrate-nitrite. Total-N can be derived by monitoring for organic nitrogen compounds, free-ammonia, and nitrate-nitrite individually and adding the components together. The most probable reason for using NO3-N in the DENR AO 2016-08 is for monitoring of excess fertilizer inputs to a river. In the case of the Angat-Ipo watershed, it is best to get total-N as the parameter for nitrogen input as there would be little agricultural activity in the protected watershed and a probable major input of nitrogen would be from dissolved-organic-nitrogen (DON) sources. As to the data above, although NO3-N concentration of the water may be lower than the total-N, the NO3-N values are here adopted as the standard for comparison. Thus, all three sites (SW Ipo 1-3), on the dry season, met the nitrogen content standard. In the wet season, the nitrogen content in the waters of all three station increased, although the content in SW Ipo1 is still below the maximum standard criteria. For SW Ipo 2-3, the recorded nitrogen content exceeded the standard in the wet season by 1 mg/L. The most probable increase in total-N content would be from increased dissolved-organic-nitrogen input to the water via surface-water run-off in this rainy season.

B. SW Ipo 4: Although this site is part of the Angat-Ipo river system, it is located downstream from Ipo Dam and the water classification is Class C. SW Ipo4 meets the water quality standards for these following primary parameters for Class C water set by DENR AO 2016-08– temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, color, DO, and BOD.

As for nitrogen content, the recorded nitrogen content value in the dry season exceeded 7 mg/L. However, the wet season values were lower but close to the maximum limit. The elevated nitrogen content recorded in this site during the dry season may be caused by a combination of dissolved-organic-nitrogen sources from animal and human waste from the community on the elevated banks of the river in the vicinity of the sampling site plus

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the possible concentration of nitrogen in a very much reduced water volume just downstream from the dam.

C. SW B2, SW B2A, SW B3A, and SW SM1: All these Bigte-Sta Maria sampling sites meet the water quality standards for the following primary parameters for Class C water set by DENR AO 2016-08– temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, color, DO, and BOD.

As for nitrogen content:

a. SW B2A and SW B23A have recorded nitrogen content values, in both the dry and wet season, that meet the standard for Class C waters.

b. SW B2 have recorded nitrogen content values, in both the dry and wet season, that exceeded the standard for Class C waters.

c. SW SM1 have recorded nitrogen content values in the dry season that exceeded the standard for Class C waters. The wet season value meets the standard for Class C waters.

D. It is notable that in the three standing-water / lake sampling sites, total-N content of the waters are lower in the dry season than that of the wet season. While in the other five flowing water / stream sampling sites, it is the opposite in that the total-N content of the waters are higher in the dry season than that of the wet season.

It is probable that the mechanism for increase in the lake system is via surface run-off in the wet season and that for flowing stream/lotic systems is via concentration through reduced water volume.

E. As for fecal coliform content, in both the dry and wet season, all the eight sites have recorded values that exceeded / do not meet the maximum standard value set for their respective classes. The coliform content in the Angat-Ipo sites are relatively lower than that in the Bigte-Sta Maria sites. In the Angat-Ipo sites, the highest coliform content was recorded in SW Ipo 3, based on average value – downstream SW Ipo4 has similar amount of fecal contamination as that of SW Ipo3.

In the Bigte-Sta Maria sites, the highest coliform content was recorded in SW B3A, the most downstream sampling site that receives all kinds of human and animal waste effluents emanating upstream and along its vicinity.

F. The fecal coliform values for all the sites as above in the EIA report of the project, where sampling done was done in August 2013 and May 2014, also do not meet the minimum values for their respective water class (class A and C) – even considering that the applicable standards then for fecal coliform are more lenient (DENR AO 1990-34).

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It is of concern though that the values recorded in this 2018 monitoring are higher than that recorded in 2013 and 2014. G. High fecal coliform count is usually associated with human and domestic animal waste contamination of the water.

The Ipo Lake Sites showed values that are above the maximum allowable limits and of additional concern – the values are higher than the 2013 & 2014 – implying that bacterial contamination not only continued but became worse. This could be a concern to the people of the community within the watershed contributing to the dam waters that have activities that involved direct exposure to fecal coliform contaminated waters as well as to MWSS in terms of their processes to ensure compliance to bacteriological parameters for drinking water.

For the other sites classified as Class C, direct use of the water for bathing, recreation, washing, open defecation areas, together with the rearing of domesticated animals, including pigs) have been observed and this could be sources of fecal coliform contamination. In the biota collection site (Site 5 Angat-Bitbit) about 1 km downstream of SW Ipo4, residents have created a bathing area below Bitbit Bridge, so popular that people flock there and the place is converted into a mini-resort complete with makeshift picnic huts. As a community service, it is highly recommended that this site be included as a water quality monitoring site for 2019.

In general, it is imperative that the communities concerned in the vicinity of all the sites in this study, be informed of the high fecal coliform content of the waters in these sites so that proper warning and mitigation measure would be locally implemented. In addition, the data should also be shared with MWSS and its concessionaires, to consider the high fecal coliform content of the raw untreated water in their water treatment design and drinking water quality monitoring.

3.2 Secondary water quality parameters – Metals and Oil & Grease

Tables 4a below presents the Heavy Metal and Oil/Grease analyses of the water taken from designated sampling sites. These two parameters are secondary water quality parameters in DENR AO 08-2016. The five heavy metals monitored below are considered non-essential and in certain tissue concentrations, may be toxic. They may however be found in background concentrations in relatively undisturbed environment and may be absorbed by living organisms in the normal course of their biological function. However, when there are disturbances in the soil or rock, it is anticipated that such disturbances increases the possibility of these metals being released in the environment and be absorbed by living organisms.

Table 4. Heavy Metal and Oil/Grease content of water (May / Sept 2018 monitoring) Chromium Oil & Arsenic (As) Cadmium (Cd) Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) Sites (CrIV) Grease (mg/L) mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L Site 1 Ipo Lake US <0.01/<0.008 <0.003/<0.001 <0.05/<0.005 <0.0002/<0.0002 <0.003/ 0.5/0.5 Site 2 Ipo Lake MS <0.01/<0.008 <0.003/<0.001 <0.05/<0.005 <0.0002/<0.0002 <0.003/ 0.7/0.7 Site 3 Ipo Lake Dam site <0.01/<0.008 <0.003/<0.001 <0.05/<0.005 <0.0002/<0.0002 <0.003/ 0.4/0.6 DENR AO 2016-08 Class B 0.01 0.003 0.01 0.001 0.01 1

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Site 4 Angat below Ipo <0.01/<0.008 <0.003/<0.001 <0.05/<0.005 <0.0002/<0.0002 <0.003/ 0.8/0.8 Dam Site SWB2 Bigte Creek <0.01/<0.008 <0.003/<0.001 <0.05/<0.005 <0.0002/<0.0002 <0.003/ 0.4/1.1 within Salonga Property Site SWB2 A Bigte Creek <0.01/<0.008 <0.003/<0.001 <0.05/<0.005 <0.0002/<0.0002 <0.003/ 0.4/0.9 near culvert Site SWB3 A Bigte Creek at <0.01/<0.008 <0.003/<0.001 <0.05/<0.005 <0.0002/<0.0002 <0.003/ 0.5/0.5 back of Salonga Property Site SWSM1 Sta Maria River vicinity of San Jose <0.01/<0.008 <0.003/<0.001 <0.05/<0.005 <0.0002/<0.0002 <0.003/ 0.7/0.4 bridge DENR AO 2016-08 Class C 0.02 0.005 0.05 0.002 0.01 2

Water samples collected have heavy metals and oil and grease contents but these values are below the standard set by DENR AO 08-2016. Chromium (CrIV) content was taken only in May and was found to be less than the instrument-detectable limit of 0.003 mg/L in all the sites. The measured amount in all sites is about 10-fold lower than the maximum permissible limit.

3.3 Riparian Channel Evaluation (RCE)

The tables below for Ipo Lake waters (Sites 1-3) and for riverine waters (Sites 4-9) present the tabulated RCE score of the sites.

3.3.1 Ipo Lake RCE

Overall, the RCE score for the three lake sites, indicate a fairly excellent condition. In the May 2018 data, there were several landslide points seen between Site 1 and Site 3, however they were limited in scale and appears to have been naturally vegetated again as the landslide area were not perceptible anymore during the November sampling. Thus the same scores were given in the November as with the May sampling. Site 3 Ipo Lake dam vicinity, has the lowest score among the three sites as the riparian area here is the most disturbed by human activities. This 2018 RCE score is the same for the sites in the 2013 & 2014 sampling of the EIA report, indicating that the above current activities may not yet impact on the quality of the riparian channel.

Table 5. Riparian Channel Evaluation (RCE) Ipo Dam lake sites (May / September 2018 as represented in the data) Parameter Site 3 Ipo Lake Site 1 Ipo Lake US Site 2 Ipo Lake MS Dam site 1. Land-use pattern beyond the immediate riparian 20/20 30/30 20/20 zone 2. Width of riparian zone from stream edge to field 30/30 30/30 30/30 3. Completeness of riparian zone 20/20 20/20 20/20 4. Vegetation of riparian zone within 10 m of channel 15/15 15/15 15/15 5. Retention devices NA NA NA 6. Channel structure 15/15 15/15 15/15 7. Channel sediments NA NA NA 8. Stream-bank structure 25/25 25/25 25/25 9. Bank undercutting 20/20 20/20 20/20 10. Stony substrate; feel and appearance NA NA NA

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Parameter Site 3 Ipo Lake Site 1 Ipo Lake US Site 2 Ipo Lake MS Dam site 11. Stream bottom NA NA NA 12. Riffles and pools, or meanders NA NA NA 13. Aquatic vegetation 5/5 5/5 5/5 14. Detritus 25/25 25/25 25/25 Cumulative Score 185/215 = 86% 185/215 = 86% 175/215 = 81%

3.3.2 Riverine sites RCE

Table 6 below presents the RCE scores of the riverine sites.

Table 6. Riparian Channel Evaluation (Riverine Sites) (May / September 2018 as represented in the data) Site 6 Bigte Site 4 Angat tributary Site 7 Site 8 Sta Site 5 Angat (RCE) Data (May 2014) below Ipo MWSS Bigte Maria Bitbit Bridge Dam Site seedling River river site 1. Land-use pattern beyond the 20/20 20/20 10/10 10/10 10/10 immediate riparian zone 2. Width of riparian zone from stream 30/30 30/30 5/5 1/1 1/1 edge to field 3. Completeness of riparian zone 20/20 20/20 5/5 1/1 5/5 4. Vegetation of riparian zone within 5/5 5/5 1/1 1/1 1/1 10 m of channel 5. Retention devices 15/15 15/15 5/5 1/1 1/1 6. Channel structure 15/15 15/15 10/10 5/5 10/10 7. Channel sediments 10/10 10/10 1/1 1/1 10/10 8. Stream-bank structure 25/25 25/25 25/25 5/5 15/15 9. Bank undercutting 15/15 15/15 20/20 5/5 15/15 10. Stony substrate; feel and 25/25 15/15 15/15 1/1 1/1 appearance 11. Stream bottom 25/25 25/25 15/15 1/1 1/1 12. Riffles and pools, or meanders 25/25 25/25 20/20 1/1 20/20 13. Aquatic vegetation 10/10 10/10 10/10 1/1 1/1 14. Detritus 25/25 25/25 10/10 1/1 5/5 Cumulative Score 265/320 = 265/320= 152/320 = 35/320 = 101/320 = 83% 83% 47% 11 % 31%

There was no observable drastic change in the riparian channel characteristics between sampling seasons (May compared to November) on each of the sites..

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Angat River Sites: Sites 4-5 are part of the Angat River downstream of Ipo Dam. The RCE scores in these two sites still on the “excellent” quality.

Sites 6-8 comprised the sites in the Sta Maria River system. Site 6 is part of a canal-like branch/tributary of Bigte Creek that flows alongside the MWSS station near the proposed pipe project exit point and is part of the primary impact area of the project. The RCE score currently classifies it as “good”. During the May sampling event, it was observed about 10 m downstream of the MWSS compound wall that about a 5 m section of this tributary was converted as a temporary shallow pool for bathing (by placing a 3-feet tall dam of sacks filled with soil and sand), Overall though, the dam did not hinder the continuous flow of water to the downstream areas. During the November sampling, the temporary dam was not there anymore.

Sites 7-9 are surrounded by human habitation, thus their low score as the riparian channel most probably have been greatly altered by human activity. Site 7 is just a very small canal running parallel to Site 6 and the within the backyard of some houses in the area. It may easily overflow with moderate rainfall. It was included as a sampling site as it empties into the main course of Site 6 downstream and thus may have an influence in the water quality of Bigte Creek (Site 7) and eventually of Sta Maria river (Site 8).

Site 8 is within the urban sprawls of barangay Bigte. The riparian zone is kept to the minimum of what is required for waterways. Beyond that are build-up areas, mainly housing developments.

3.4 Freshwater Biota in the sampling sites

3.4.1 Plankton

The plankton catch in nine (9) sites is presented in the table below. Site 5b, is a new site in the November 2018 sampling.

Table 7. Plankton in Angat Rive, Bigte Creek and Sta Maria River 2018 sampling Angat-Ipo river channel Bigte-Sta Maria river channel Site 1 Ipo Site 2 Ipo Site 3 Ipo Site 4 Site 5 Angat Site 5b Site 6 Bigte Site 7. Site 8. Sta Plankton Genera Lake US Lake MS Lake Dam Angat at Bitbit Angat at tributary Bigte DS Maria (individuals/liter)) down Dam Bridge Pogpog MWSS River May Sep May Sep May Sep May Sep May Sep May Sep May Sep May Sep May Sep Cyanophyta Calothrix 6 17 6 Hapalosiphon 6

Lyngbya 6 3 45 6 44 99 33 11 6 22

Merismopedia 237 6 Microcystis 3960 Oscillatoria 17 11 6 Phormidium 6 11 Euglenophyta Euglena 6 6 94 Phacus 11 6 127 33

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Chlorophyta Actinastrum 17 11 Chlorella 6 Cladophora 11 11 6 17 11 6 6 6 39 Closterium 6 Oedogonium 11 6 6

Palmella 6 Pediastrum 28 18 11 6 11 6 Scenedesmus 6 6 Spirogyra 33 28 6 33 Staurastrum 11 Uronema 6 556 Bacillariophyta Amphipleura 6 Aulacoseira 28 6 17 22 6 11 578 Craticula 6 6 Cyclotella 6 17 6 Cymbella 105 6 6 121 83 143 33 6 Diadesmis 66 28 308 22 550 528 Fragilaria 66 11 6 6 187 11 Gomphonema 22 6 11 6 Gyrosigma 22 6 Melosira 6 17 6 11 6 17 Meridion 11 Navicula 6 39 6 Nitzschia 17 6 6 17 Pinnularia 6 Plerosigma 6 Stephanodiscus 6 33 Synedra 50 6 6 39 110 39 11 66 6 22 33 39 Surirella 17 12 6 6 12 6 44 6 Xanthophycea Bumilleria 6 17 6 6 Tribonema

Characiopsis 44 17 6 Unknown 50 18 61 Phytoplankton

Zooplankton nauplius larva 6

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unknown 6 6 copepod Bosmina 11 Moina 6 Asplanchna 6 6 6 44 Trichocerca

Lepadella 6 17 12 No. of Taxa per 19 7 8 5 4 3 6 13 4 10 8 25 4 4 13 20 7 site

Spyrogyra Cladophora

Pediastrum Scenedesmus

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Closterium Uronema Photo 1. Plankton Chlorophyta

Characiopsis

Tribonema Photo 2. Phytoplankton

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Lyngbya

Merismopedia

Phormidium Oscillatoria

Microscystis Photo 3. Plankton : Cyanophyta

Forty-one (41) phytoplankton genera and five (5) zooplankton genera were collected and identified in this study. In addition there is one (1) group of unidentified phytoplankton and two (2) groups of unidentified zooplankton. Of the phytoplankton, the Bacillariophyta (diatoms) are dominant in kind, while the Euglenophyta (euglenoids) the least in kind. Compared to that of the EIA reports in August 2013 and May 2014, there appears to be a greater number of plankton collected in the May and September 2018 sampling.

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Craticula

Cyclotella

Cymbella

Diadesmis

Fragillaria Gyrosigma

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Nitzschia Navicula

Surirella Photo 4. Phytolankton Bacillariophyta

Euglena

Phacus Photo 5. Plankton

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In general, a lentic/standing water system (Sites 1-3) provides a better environment than a lotic/flowing water system (Sites 4-8). The major variable that gives this difference in plankton composition is the current – a main feature in riverine environments that hinders the physical establishment of plankton in a particular area.

3.4.1.1 Lake Plankton (Sites 1-3, Ipo-Angat river system) May and September plankton composition compared.

 A total of 25 genera + 1 unidentified taxon of phytoplankton and 4 taxa of zooplankton were collected.  4 genera of Cyanophyta were collected and identified in both sampling dates. Of the four, only two -Lyngbya and Phormidium- were collected in the lake in both sampling dates, although there were more individuals collected in May than in September. Oscillatoria was collected in the May sampling, but not in September. Oscillatoria was the dominant blue-green algae collected in May. Calothrix was collected only in September.  There is only one euglenoid genus – Phacus – collected in both sampling period.  Of the chlorophyta, a total of 7 genera were collected and identified in both sampling sites. Of the 7, only the genus Cladophora was collected in the lake in both sampling season. Three genera – Actinastrum, Oedegonium, & Scenedesmus- were collected only in May and 3 genera – Pediatrum, Staurastrum, & Uronema were collected only in September. It is notable that no green algae was collected in Site 3 in both sampling dates.  Of the diatoms, a total of 12 genera were collected – 10 genera in May and 4 genera only in September. Of the twelve, 3 genera – Fragilaria, Nitzchia, & Surirella - were collected in both sampling dates. Except for Meridion that was collected in September, the rest of the 8 genera were collected in May. Diatom diversity was greater in May than in September.  Only one genus of xanthophycea – Tribonema – was collected in May.  One taxon of phytoplankton collected in May elude identification to the genus level.  Zooplankton were few, only the cladoceran genus Moina and an unidentified copepod were collected in May and only the rotifer Asplanchna was collected in September.

Bosmina Moina

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Copepod

Asplanchna

Trichocerca Lepadella Photo 6. Cyanophyta

In summary, the lake plankton is dominated by diatoms and plankton diversity was higher in May than in September 2018.

3.4.1.2 River Plankton (Sites 4,5, & 5b - Ipo-Angat river system) May and September plankton composition compared  A total of 4 genera of Cyanophyta were collected and identified in both sampling dates. Of the four, only two -Lyngbya and Phormidium- were collected in the lake in both sampling dates, although there were more individuals collected in May than in September. Oscillatoria was collected in the May sampling, but not in September. Oscillatoria was the dominant blue-green algae collected in May. Calothrix was collected only in September.  There is only one euglenoid genus – Phacus – collected in both sampling period.  Of the chlorophyta, a total of 7 genera were collected and identified in both sampling sites. Of the 7, only the genus Cladophora was collected in the lake in both sampling season. Three genera – Actinastrum, Oedegonium, & Scenedesmus- were collected

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only in May and 3 genera – Pediatrum, Staurastrum, & Uronema were collected only in September. It is notable that no green algae was collected in Site 3 in both sampling dates.  Of the diatoms, a total of 12 genera were collected – 10 genera in May and 4 genera only in September. Of the twelve, 3 genera – Fragilaria, Nitzchia, & Surirella - were collected in both sampling dates. Except for Meridion that was collected in September, the rest of the 8 genera were collected in May. Diatom diversity was greater in May than in September.  Only one genus of xanthophycea – Tribonema – was collected in May.  One taxon of phytoplankton collected in May elude identification to the genus level.  Zooplankton were few, only the cladoceran genus Moina and an unidentified copepod were collected in May and only the rotifer Asplanchna was collected in September.

3.4.1.3 River Plankton (Sites 6,7,& 8 - Bigte-Sta Maria river system) May and September plankton composition compared  A total of thirty-nine genera (+one unidentified) of plankton were collected and identified in the 2018 sampling. Of the 39 genera, thirty-three were present in the May sample and only seventeen in the September sample.  Of the Cyanophyta (blue-greens), five (5) genera were collected in May and only 3 genera were collected in September. Merismopedia appeared to be dominant in September.  Of the Euglenophyta, none was collected in the sites in September, though they were relatively abundant in May.  Of the nine genera of Chlorophyta collected, eight (8) genera were collected in May and only three (3) in September. Notable in September is that the genus Uronema, not collected in May, was dominant in number in September.  The Bacillariophyta (diatoms) are the most numerous in the plankton samples with seventeen (17) genera collected – fifteen (15) in May and nine (9) in September. Nine genera were collected only in May and two genera were collected only in September. The genera Diadesmis and Aulacoseira were notably dominant in number in September.  All the three (3) genera of Xanthophycea (yellow-green algae) were collected only in May.  Of the four(4) genera of zooplankton collected, three were collected in May and two in September.

3.4.1.4 Plankton Diversity Indices (May and September plankton composition compared)

The tables below present the summary of plankton diversity in each site.

Table 8. Plankton diversity index May 2018 Shannon's method; Log base 10 Index Evenness No. Genera Sites May May 2018 May 2018 2018

1 1.1 1 18

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2 0.8 1 7 3 0.5 1 3 4 0.6 1 6 5 0.3 1 4

6 1 1 24 7 0.5 1 4 8 1.1 1 20 Note: only identified genera are included in this analysis

Table above shows that the upstream site in Ipo dam (Site 1) and two sites in the Bigte-Sta Maria River (Sites 6, & 8) have the highest diversity of plankton. This three sites are also the most genera-rich sites.

As for the September sampling, the diversity indices are presented below.

Table 9. Plankton diversity indices September 2018 Shannon's method; Log base 10 Sites Index Evenness No. of genera 1 0.77 0.92 7 2 0.66 0.95 5 3 0.46 0.96 3 4 0.9 0.83 12 5 0.16 0.16 10 5b 0.59 0.66 8 6 0.1 0.21 3 7 0.51 0.46 13 8 0.51 0.6 7 Note: only identified genera are included in this analysis

Table above shows a difference from the May sampling. The site just below Ipo dam (Site 4) has the highest index and also the second highest in number of genera present. Site 1 is next in and thus its place as a plankton diverse site has not change. Overall, it appears that variation in plankton composition varies even within the year in each site. Plankton appears to be more taxon-rich in the dry season (May 2018) than the September 2018. The possible causes for this are: a. Turbidity is less in May than in September, where surface run-off of water from the adjoining land would contain more suspended materials. Turbidity, restricts sunlight penetration in the water. b. Current flow and discharge is greater during the rainy season, thus limiting the possibility of plankton to stay in a particular site. This explanation may be the most plausible.

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The upstream site in Ipo dam (Site 1) and two sites in the Bigte-Sta Maria River (Sites 6, & 8) have the highest diversity of plankton. This three sites are also the most genera-rich sites.

3.4.1.5 Plankton Community May/September 2018 sampling compared to August2013/May 2014 sampling plankton

As that observed in the 2018 sampling, there were more plankton genera collected durintg the dry season (May 2014) than that of the wet season (August 2013). In the August 2013 sampling plankton collected was almost nil. Only a few nauplius larvae were collected from the midstream portion of the Ipo dam lake. It may be that the intense precipitation from the ongoing typhoon during the time of sampling has diluted much the plankton density in the sampling sites.

There are more genera collected and identified in the 2018 sampling than that of the 2013/2014 sampling. For now, it is hard to infer patterns as there are only two sets of “annual” data available for analysis.

3.4.2 Macrobenthos (Mollusk & Crustaceans)

The mollusc and crustacean catch in nine (9) sites is presented in the Table below. Site 5b, is a new site in the November 2018 sampling. Thirteen (13) taxa were collected in the May sampling and twelve (12) taxa were collected in September. The shrimp Atyopsis was not observed in the samples in November. There are nine (9) molluskan taxa and four (4) crustaceans collected. 3.4.2.1 Macrobenthos (Sites 1-3, Ipo lake) May and September composition compared.  Of the twelve (taxa) collected in these Ipo lake sites in May, eight (8) are mollusks and four are crustaceans. Site 1 (upstream) appears to be the most diverse and Site 2 the least. In contrast, Only ten (10) taxa were collected in September and Site 2 is the most diverse, with an increase in the number of taxa collected. Sites 1 & 3, on the other hand, had a decrease in the number of taxa. .

3.4.2.2 Macrobenthos (Sites 4,5, & 5b - Ipo-Angat river system) May and September composition compared  Of the twelve (taxa) collected in these sites downstream from the Ipo dam structure, nine (9) are mollusks and three (3) are crustaceans. Site 4 (just below the Ipo dam structure) is the most diverse both in May and September – perhaps as the area presents two habitats – a relatively lake-like standing pool just below the dam – and the flowing water just about fifty meters downstream from the dam. There were twelve(12) taxa collected in May while there were ten (10) only collected in September.

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Table 10. Macrobenthos (Individuals /sq m) Site 5b. Site 1 Ipo Site 3 Ipo Site 4 Angat Site 5 Angat Site 6 Bigte Site 7. Bigte Site 8 Sta Site 2 Ipo MS Angat at US Lake Dam below Dam at Bitbit R at MWSS DS Maria Pogpog

May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept PLANORBIDAE Gyraulus 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 chinensis Indoplanorbis 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 exustus THIARIDAE Tarebia granifera 4 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 5 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 Melanoides 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 tuberculata Brotia asperata 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 3 1 NERITIDAE Clithon corona 5 3 1 2 1 CORBICULIDAE Corbicula 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 fluminea AMPULLARIIDAE Pomacea 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 canaliculata LYMNAEIDAE Radix quadrasi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

CRUSTACEA crab 1 1 1 1 1 Macrobrachium 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 shrimp Caridina shrimp 1 4 2 10 Atyopsis shrimp 1 1

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3.4.2.3 Macrobenthos (Sites 6,7, & 8 – Bigte-Sta Maria system) May and September composition compared  There were ten(10) taxa collected in May while there were twelve (12) only collected in September. This is the opposite of the statistics in the Angat-Ipo river system. Not one crustacean was collected in May in all the three sites.  Of the mollusks, although ten (10) taxa were collected in May and September, the snail Brotia was collected only in September and the bivalve Corbicula only in May.

3.4.2.4 Macrobentos Diversity Indices (May and September compared)

The tables below show the Macrobenthos diversity indices each in May and September. The Macrobenthos diversity index for May 2018 is presented in Table 11 below.

Table 11. Macrobenthos diversity indices May 2018

Shannon's method; Log base 10 No. of Site Index Evenness taxa Site 1 Ipo US 0.931 0.931 10 Site 2 Ipo MS 0.555 0.921 4 Site 3 Ipo Lake Dam 0.911 0.955 9 Site 4 Angat below Dam 0.982 0.943 11 Site 5 Angat at Bitbit 0.816 0.903 8 Site 6 Bigte R MWSS 0.753 0.967 6 Site 7. Bigte DS 0 0 1 Site 8 Sta Maria 0.699 1 5

In the table above, except for Site 2, the Ipo-Angat sites appear to be more diverse than the Bigte-Sta Maria sites. Site 2 appears to be least diverse of the Ipo-Angat site as the littoral area in this site is sandy-muddy, a substratum that is usually least preferred by mollusks that feed on algal material that usually grows in hard substrate. Only one species of snail was collected in Site 7, a probable indication of recurring disturbance within the site as the site upstream (Site 6) that is less than 300 m away and practically protected from human intrusion by the MWSS fence, harbors six molluskan taxa.

The diversity indices is now presented in Table 12 below. Table 12. Macrobenthos diversity indices September 2019 Shannon's method; Log base 10 Sample Index Evenness Num.Spec. Site 1 Ipo US 0.797 0.943 7

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Site 2 Ipo MS 0.887 0.983 8 Site 3 Ipo Lake Dam 0.432 0.618 5 Site 4 Angat below Dam 0.903 1 8 Site 5 Angat at Bitbit 0.737 0.947 6 Site 5b. Angat at Pogpog 0.768 0.805 9 Site 6 Bigte R tributary MWSS 0.903 1 8 Site 7. Bigte DS 0.477 1 3 Site 8 Sta Maria 0.759 0.976 6

In contrast to the May 2018 samples, there are two (2) more taxa, collected in September a crab and a shrimp. In the Ipo- Angat river system, Site 4 has the highest diversity index, in September as it was the highest also in May. There were more mollusks collected– in Site 2 in September, however, there was a decrease for both Site 1, 4 & 5. In the absence of a long– term-monitoring data for comparison, we can only speculate for now that somehow, displacement by faster water current during the September rainy season may have occurred. In the Bigte-Sta Maria river system sites, there appears to be more taxa collected also in September. An increase in water current would not be a tenable explanation for the increase. In summary, for now it is difficult to pinpoint a likely factor responsible for the variation in macrobenthic composition and diversity in May and September. We can only enumerate possibilities like : seasonal factor (ie effect of current, etc), sampling regime factor (eg, in the rainy season, the site in May was not exactly the same space sampled in November) and biological factor (ie growth and reproduction).

3.4.2.5. Macrobenthos Community taxonomix notes May/September 2018 sampling compared to August2013/May 2014 sampling plankton

 The genera of mollusc collected in Aug 2013 / May 2014 sampling are similar to that collected in May/Sept 2018, they differ however in quantity. The mollusks collected are typical and comparable to what are found all over the Philippines. Of the native molluskan species collected, Brotia asperata and Corbicula manilensis are also collected for table consumption by the locals.

 Gyraulus chinensis, Indoplanorbis exustus, and Radix quadrasi, are generally periphytic, crawling on vegetation or attached-floating objects. The thiarids on the other hand are benthic organism. Being so, they are usually found in the shallow water portions of a freshwater environment – lakeshore areas, riverbanks, etc. These six species are generally scrapers and ecologically important as detritus feeders in the nutrient cycle, as well as being prey-food for fishes and birds.. They are all native species.

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 Pomacea canaliculata, locally known as golden kuhol, is an introduced species that has invaded a big spread of the country. It is also edible and in Ipo Lake and the upper portions of Angat Dam, may be gathered for table consumption as they may be relatively free of agriculture-associated chemicals like insecticides and pesticides.

 Snails of the genus Corbicula, locally Photo 7. Pomacea canaliculata known as “tulya”, is native to the Philippines. They prefer sandy-muddy substrate and are filter-feeders. In the U.S., where they are introduced, they are regarded as a bane of intake water pipes as they have been observed to reproduce relatively fast and clogged the water pipes. Clogging, caused by these organisms, have not been reported to be a problem in the Photo 8. Corbicula fluminea Philippines or to any country where these organisms are native. The thinking is that their numbers is held in check by local predators or some local equilibrium factors.

 The above molluskan species are relatively organic pollution tolerant species, and can help breakdown waste organic matter. Ecologically, their importance is not much appreciated as only a few have direct beneficial use by humans. They are known as a major food source for birds and other animals in the environment.

 The neritinid, Clithon corona, is a thriving upstream colony found in the Bigte tributary stretch inside the MWSS compound on the vicinity of the AWTIP tunnel outlet. It is also found in the downstream sites of Angat River. This species usually prefer relatively undisturbed, fast-flowing waters, with patches of stony substratum is stony – their preferred environment. This species may be a good indicator of relative disturbance for the purpose of assessing the project impact.

 As for the macro-crustaceans, shrimps and crabs were also collected in the August 2013 and May 2014 EIA samplings, the shrimp and crab fauna collected in all sites remained species poor. None was caught in the Bigte-Sta Maria site.

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 The shrimp Macrobrachium is also widespread, as in most river systems in the Philippines, including Pampanga River to which Angat is a major tributary. This species is also caught for table food by the local in the Ipo Dam-Angat River vicinity. The shrimp Caridina and Atyopsis are relatively smaller and fewer in number, and are generally ignored, as food, by the locals. Ecologically, macro- crustaceans, are detritus feeders and have a role in the nutrient cycle. They may be fed upon by wildlife, or in the case of their larval stages, be fed upon Photo 9. Macrobrachium sp by fishes.

3.4.3 Fish Fauna

A total of nineteen (19) species of fishes were Photo 10. Caridina collected in the various sites. This is three (3) more species than that collected in August 2013 and May 2014. The table below presents the species collected.

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Table 13. Fishes collected in May and September 2018

Density= # per 100

sq m sampling US MS MWSS MWSS

area May 20 18 Pogpog local name Site 6 Site Bigte 6 below below Dam Site 4 Angat Site Angat 4 Site Angat 5 Bitbit Bitbit Bridge Site 5b Angat Angat Site 5b Site 7 Site Bigte 7 DS Site 1 Ipo Lake Site Ipo 1 Lake Site Ipo 2 Site 3. Ipo Dam Dam Site Ipo 3. Site 8 Site Sta8 Maria Family Species May May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept May Sept Phallostethidae

1. Gulaphallus mirabilis 2 4 4 3 5 10 20 9 34

Eleotrididae 2. Eleotris fusca 2 1 1 2 1 biyalag 3. Ophieleotris aporos 1 1 1 5 1 10 1 1 biyalag

Gobiidae 4. Glossogobius aureus 2 2 2 2 2 10 1 2 2 Biya

5. Glossogobius giuris 3 2 1 5 12 1 Biya

Channidae dalag / 6. Channa striata 1 1 1 1 1 1 bulig Belontiidae

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7. Trichogaster pectoralis 1 1

Hemiramphidae 8. Rhynchorhamphus georgii 1 3 3 1 11 Susuwi

9. Zenarchopterus gilli 2 2 2 4 10 1 Susuwi

Clariidae

10.Clarias batrachus 1 1 2 1 1 Hito

Ariidae 11. Arius dispar 1 1 Kanduli Cichlidae 12. Oreochromis niloticus 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 2 2 25 2 Tilapia

Cyprinidae 13. Labeo rohita 1 1 Karpa Teraponidae 14.Leiopotherapon plumbeus 3 2 5 1 12 5 Ayungin

Poecillidae

15.Gambusia affinis 5 2 5 2 5 34 40 12 5 3 2 32 2 16. Poecilia reticulata 2 10

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Anguillidae 17. Anguilla marmorata 1 1 Igat

Synbranchidae 18. Monopterus kansusu 1 1 albus wit Loricariidae 19. Pterygoplychtys janitor 1 pardalis fish

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O. niloticus

A. dispar

Gullaphalus mirabilis Arius dispar & Oreochromis niloticus

Channa striata

Glossogobius aureus & Glossogobius giuris

O. aporos

R. georgii

Gambusia affinis Rhynchoramphus georgii & O.aporos

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T. pectoralis T

E. fusca

Pterygoplicthys pardalis Trichogaster pectoralis & Eleotris fusca Photo 11. Fish Photos

3.4.3.1 Fish Fauna (Sites 1-3, Ipo lake) May and September composition compared.

 Fourteen (14) species of fishes were collected in the lake sites in May while Twelve (12) species were collected in September. The most number of species collected were in Sites 1 & 3 in May but Site 2 has the most number of species collected in September. It is still a speculation if the variation is due to a seasonal change.

 Notable of these fishes is a thriving community of the Philippine endemic phallosthetid Gulaphallus mirabilis Herre – present in all Ipo lake sites. Gullaphalus mirabilis is one of the best known and frequently collected phallostethid species because of its reported abundance in a creek in the University of the Philippines Los Banos campus. It was first described by Herre in Ibo Angat River in 1926. “Ibo” is definitely a typo error and for Ipo Creek where the current Ipo dam is. For the last 9 decades since its discovery by Herre, we now know that it has a thriving population in Ipo dam and Angat River downstream of the dam.

 Another endemic Philippines freshwater fish is Leiopotherapon plumbeus. This fish is also found in Pampanga River and is a vued food fish as it commands a relatively high price.

 The native half-beak Rhynchorhamphus georgii appear to have a restricted habitat only in the lake. So far no specimen was caught in the sites downstream from the dam.

 The four (4) species of native gobies (family Eleotridae and Gobiidae) collected in the sites makes the gobies the dominant taxa in the Lake. This is common in most freshwater river system in the Philippines, though the four species are generally known to live well also in lake environments.

 Of the fourteen species in the lake, six (6) are introduced. Of these six exotic species, the most sought after by local fishermen is the nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.

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3.4.3.2 Fish Fauna (Sites 4,5,& 5b), Angat River) May and September composition compared.

 The number of fish taxa collected was greater in May than in September – this is in contrast with that of the Ipo lake sites. Perhaps the higher level of water and faster current in these sites downstream of the dam, affected the efficiency of fish collection.

 The endemic phallosthetid Gulaphallus mirabilis was present up to Site 5 (more than a kilometer downstream of Site 4, however, no speciemen was collected in Site 5b in Norzagaray. This observation points to a very restricted local population of this species.

 For the first time, an individual of the introduced and considered invasive species – the janitor fish Pterygoplychtys pardalis – was caught in Site 5b.

3.4.3.3 Fish Fauna (Sites 6,7,& 8),Bigte-Sta Maria River) May and September composition compared.

 There were more species collected in May than that in September. The increase in water discharge brought by the rains may have made it difficult for fishes to stay in place. Also, as we experience in Site 8, The higher water level in the banks of Sta Maria, made it difficult to collect fishes.

 The most number of taxa was collected in Site 6 (Bigte tributary within MWSS compound). In the May 2014 / August 2013 EIA report, this site also had the most number of species collected.

 Site 7, as in the 2013/2014 EIA report, had the least number of fish taxa.

3.4.3.4. Fish Fauna diversity indices (May and September compared).

Table 12 below shows the fish diversity indices of each of the site in May.

Table 14. Fish diversity indices; May 2018 Shannon's method; Log base 10 Diversity Species Sites Index Evenness Richness Site 1 Ipo US 0.9 0.9 9 Site 2 Ipo MS 0.7 0.9 7 Site 3. Ipo Dam 0.9 0.9 9 Site 4 Angat below Dam 0.7 0.7 12

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Site 5 Angat Bitbit 0.6 0.8 6 Site 5b Angat Pogpog Site 6 Bigte MWSS 0.8 0.8 9 Site 7 Bigte DS 0.4 0.9 3 Site 8 Sta Maria 0.5 0.6 8

 The Ipo lake sites have the higher diversity index in May 2018, with both Sites 1 & 3 in a tie of having the highest index score. Sites 4 & 5 come next.

 Site 6 has the highest diversity index of the Bigte-Sta Maria river system.

Table 15 below shows the fish diversity indices of each of the site in September 2018.

Table 15. Fish diversity indices; September 2018 Shannon's method; Log base 10 Diversity Species Sites Index Evenness Richness Site 1 Ipo Lake US 0.7 1 6 Site 2 Ipo Lake MS 0.9 0.8 12 Site 3. Ipo Dam 0.6 0.8 6 Site 4 Angat River below Dam 0.3 0.5 3 Site 5 Angat Bitbit Bridge 0 0 1 Site 5b Angat at Pogpog, Norzagaray 0.5 0.6 8 Site 6 Bigte MWSS 0.6 0.8 5 Site 7 Bigte DS 0.6 1 4 Site 8 Sta Maria river 0.5 0.8 4

 The lake sites, still have the higher diversity indices, although among these, Site 2 has the highest score. The lower scores of Sites 1 & 2 is mainly caused by the much lower species caught in this sampling regime.  There was a decrease in the number of fish species caught in the Bigte-Sta Maria river sites resulting to a relatively lower scores.

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3.4.3.5. Fish Community May/September 2018 sampling compared to August2013/May 2014 sampling plankton

 Nineteen (19) fish species were collected in the May/September 2018 sampling. This is two more than the number of species collected in the in August 2013/May 2014 EIA report.

 The other notable difference are the following: a) Two species that were not collected in the 2013 and 2014 sampling were collected in the May and September 2018 sampling – the endemic phallostethid Gullaphalus mirabilis, the native synbranchid Monopterus albus, and the exotic janitor fish Pterigoplichthys pardalis. b) Only 4 species of gobies were collected in May/September 2018 and in fewer number as compared to the 2013 and 2014 sampling.

3.5 Ecotoxicological Studies – heavy metal analysis in fish

The table below presents the heavy metal contents of the fishes taken from the sampling sites.

Table 16. Heavy metals in fish Fish Hongkong Food Safety species C. O. G.affinis O. C. C. Center. striata aporos (mosquito niloticus striata batrachu (common Maximum (dalag) (biya) fish) (tilapia) (dalag) s (hito) allowable name) Unit (https://ww w.cfs.gov.hk/ Bigte / Bigte / Sta Maria Ipo 2 / Ipo 2 / sampling Ipo 2 / english/food May May / May Sept Sept site / date May 2018 _leg/food_le 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 g_mc.html) Arsenic 6 mg/kg 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 ND 0.4 Cadmium 2 mg/kg ND ND ND ND 0.5 0.4 Chromium 1 mg/kg ND ND ND ND ND ND Lead 6 mg/kg ND ND ND ND 1.9 1.8 Mercury 0.5 mg/kg 0.1 ND 0.1 0.08 2.0 1.1 Selenium mg/kg 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.0

 Due to the difference in fish species and fish sizes caught in May and September in the various sites, it may be well that the values here be regarded as the annual average value, in consideration of the serious effect of heavy metal contamination in fishes.

 The Hongkong standards were used here for comparison as the Philippines does not have specific standards for heavy metals in food yet.

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 For the May 2018 samples, cadmium, chromium, and lead were not detected in the four species submitted for heavy metal analyses. Arsenic, mercury, and selenium were detected in amounts below the maximum allowable limits.

 For the September 2018 samples, chromium and arsenic was not detected in Channa striata (dalag) and chromium was not detected in Clarias batrachus (hito). Cadmium, lead, and selenium were detected in amounts below the maximum allowable limits.

 Mercury was detected in amounts above the maximum allowable limits for C. striata and C. batrachus in September 2018.

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4. Conclusion and Recommendation

4.1 Water quality: Baseline Comparison

Based on comparison with the baseline data from the August 2013/May 2014 sampling data reported in the 2016 EIS Report of the project and the DENR AO 2016 Water quality guidelines and general effluent standards, the following conclusions are forwarded:

4.1.1 Ipo Dam Lake water:

 The lake water meet the water quality standards for the following primary parameters for Class A water set by DENR AO 2016-08– temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, color, DO, and BOD.

 As for the parameter total nitrogen (Total-N), if the DENR AO 2016-08limit for nitrate-Nitrogen (NO3-N) at 7 mg/L is adopted, on the dry season, met the nitrogen content standard. However, in the wet season, the nitrogen content in the waters of all three station increased, with the midstream and dam site waters with nitrogen content that exceeded the standard by 1 mg/L.

 As for fecal coliform content, all sites have values that are above the maximum allowable limits and of additional concern – the values are higher than the 2013 & 2014 – implying that bacterial contamination not only continued but became worse.

4.1.2 Angat river water downstream of Ipo dam

 The water downstream of the dam, using DENR AO 2016-08for Class C water, meets the water quality standards for these following primary parameters: – temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, color, DO, and BOD.

 As for nitrogen content, the recorded nitrogen content value in the dry season exceeded 7 mg/L. The wet season values were lower but close to the maximum limit.

 As for fecal coliform content, the water downstream of the dam values that are above the maximum allowable limits.

4.1.3 Bigte-Sta Maria river water:

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 All Bigte-Sta Maria sampling sites meet the water quality standards for the following primary parameters in Class C water set by DENR AO 2016-08– temperature, pH, TSS, phosphate, color, DO, and BOD.

 As for nitrogen content, SWB2A and SWB3 A in both the dry and wet season, that meet the standard for Class C waters.

 SW B2 have recorded nitrogen content values, in both the dry and wet season that exceeded the standard for Class C waters.

 Nitrogen content in the Sta Maria sampling site exceeded the standard for Class C waters.in the dry season.

 As for fecal coliform content, all sites have values that are above the maximum allowable limits

4.1.4. DENR AO 2016-08secondary water quality standards

All eight (8) sites have heavy metals and oil/grease contents have values that are below the maximum allowable limit.

4.2 Impact of construction activities on biotic diversity

4.2.1 RCE

The 2018 Riparian Channel Evaluation scores are similar to that of the August 2013/May 2014 sampling of the EIA report, indicating that the above current activities may none or negligible impact, as yet, on the quality of the riparian channel.

4.2.2 Plankton:

Compared to that of the EIA reports in August 2013 and May 2014, there appears to be a greater number of plankton collected in the May and September 2018 sampling. It appears that current tunnel construction activity have little if any negative effect on the primary productivity of the waters.

4.2.3 Macrobenthos:

The mollusk and crustacean taxa May/September 2018 are similar to that collected in Aug 2013 / May 2014 in the Project EIA Report. Tunnel construction activity during the period covered by this report do not appear to have a perceptible impact on the macro-invertebrate fauna of the Ipo-Angat water system and the Bigte-Sta- Maria water system.

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4.2.4 Fishes: Nineteen.(19) fish species were collected in the May/September 2018 sampling. Although this is two more than the number of species collected in the in August 2013/May 2014 EIA report, the difference is not surprising and implies a negligible impact on the fish community, even for the Bigte-Sta Maria River where the major activity in the tunnel construction was then ongoing,

4.2.5 Fish heavy metal content ( ecotoxicology)

Mercury was detected in amounts above the maximum allowable limits for C. striata and C. batrachus, caught in Ipo Lake, in September 2018. For all other heavy metals analyzed in the above species and all other fishes in the May 2018 samples, measured values do not exceed the allowable limits using Hongkong Food Safety Center standard. Tunnel construction activity do not appear to have a perceptible impact on possible heavy-metal intake in fish tissue brought about by release of heavy-metals from tunnel waste and diggings, as seen in the data for fishes caught in the Bigte-Sta Maria sites in May 2018. .

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5. Recommendations for the 2019 Monitoring Protocol

5.1 Sampling Methodology

In consideration of the projected tunnel “breakthrough” in March or April 2019 and the subsequent construction of other building structures and machineries in the Ipo Lake portion, the following monitoring protocol are highly recommended to closely monitor the projected direct effect on the Ipo lake waters and corresponding riparian zones:

 Sampling sites: The following sites should now be included in the regular monitoring of water quality: Ipo Lake upstream, Angat-Bitbit bridge, and Angat- Pogpog (as that of the biota sampling sites). Rationale: Construction activity will now include that in the Ipo lake (reservoir) sites and there is also a need to assess how far downstream and upstream would the projected effect reach.

 Sampling frequency: For the regular water quality monitoring, it is preferable to conduct monitoring once every two months or quarterly at the least. For the biota sampling, including ecotoxicology, it is recommended that one be conducted thrice annually. Rationale : Construction activity will now include that in the Ipo lke sites and there is also a need to assess how far downstream and upstream would the projected effect reach

 DENR parameters: Total Suspended Solids (TSS) must be part of the regular monitoring parameters. Rationale: Projected higher sediment load that could end up in the lake waters.

5.2 Public Health Advisories

Strengthen public health information dissemination drive to local authorities and MWSS management to the issue on high fecal coliform content on almost all sites, in this sampling and even way back 2013/2014 when the project was still in its proposal stage. At the very least, a warning to avoid direct water contact activities, especially recreational bathing as was observed in Ipo lake, Angat river just below Ipo dam, Bigte Creek just outside the MWSS compound, and Sta Maria River.

On the high mercury content observed in in the benthic fishes in Ipo lake – dalag and hito – an information drive warning residents and local fishermen not to catch these fishes for food consumption should be given as soon as possible.

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2019 Q1 MMT Meeting 12 Feb 2019, Tuesday Norzagaray, Project Site (Brgys Bigte and San Mateo)

The following are highlights of the meeting:

1. Members were shown videos about the project and excavation process by TBM while waiting for other MMT members. 2. Review of the DAO 2017-15 (Guidelines on Public Participation under the PEIS System) and DAO 2018-18 (Establishing a Centralized mechanism at the regional office of DENR, MGB and EMB and designating the DENR Regional Director as the Regional Executive Director providing overall command of Regional Operations). Membership of the MMT: 2 affected Brgys; NGO should be knowledgeable to envi issues and concerns. PENRO, CNERO and MENRO discussed about the membership of MENRO, PENRO and CENRO in the organization of MMT. The MMT membership composition remains as is, with the addition of PENRO and CENRO representatives. 3. CENRO explained that PENRO and CENRO will automatic member of the MMT if the project is within the jurisdiction as per DAO 2018-17. The chairmanship role remains as is as per DAO 2017-15. It could have been best if MGB and EMB were here to guide the team on this matter. 4. PENRO: all critical project within critical area should be applied in the CO. And should be with ECC. 5. CENRO: The membership of the MMT for this project should be clarified from DENR CO. Based on the DAO 2017-15, chairmanship should be LGU (MENRO) and CENRO and PENRO will be automatic members of MMT. 6. MENRO: This is an interim members of MMT. Let us continue our monitoring activities. MMT will monitor compliance based on ECC conditions. 7. PENRO: MMT should accomplish CMVR. Meantime, chairmanship of the MMT should be LGU (MENRO) as indicated by DAO 2017-15. As per DAO 2018-18, PENRO and CENRO will be automatic members. Pollution Adjudication Board or PAB have the authority to issue order for closure in cases of non-compliance/s. PENRO and CENRO shall make recommendation but it is the PAB who will issue the closure order. 8. MENRO: CMVR should be submitted to CO, copy furnish to Regional Office of DENR (Region 3). MMT would like to request technical assistance in drafting needed report; capacity building of its members. 9. CMC to inform MMT of the date of breakthrough (tentative date on March 2019). MMT members are interested to witness. 10. CMC should investigate and make proper action on the stagnant water near the gate of the Industrial Area 11. Positive observations from LGU San Mateo: impressed on the fast pace of the tunnel excavation work; safety programs implemented; dust control; monitoring activities 12. MMT was informed of the air quality sampling 2019 Q1 is on 18 Feb 2019. MMT members are welcome to check the monitoring activities done by CMC. 13. CMC to inform MMT on schedule of monitoring activities e.g. WTP effluent, freshwater quality, 14. Biodiversity and river ecology to be scheduled on week 2 May 2019. 15. CMC to send copy of the SMR 2018 Q4 to PENRO. 16. MMT Meeting Q2 2019 provisional date 14 May 2019. Notice will be sent to all MMT members should there be any postponement. 2019 Q2 MMT Meeting 17 May 2019, Tuesday Norzagaray, Project Site (Brgys Bigte and San Mateo)

Mr Thiongpe Roland Lee, MMT Chairman for AWTIP Tunnel 4, formally started the meeting with a prayer, welcoming the MMT members, introduction of members.

Site visit. The group is divided into 2 – one group went inside the tunnel while the other went to check the conveyance channel and Industrial Area (Contractor’s Work Area or CWA in Bigte). Rusty Romero, Environment Specialist of CMC, presented project status and monitoring results.

The following are highlights of the meeting:

1. Dr Paitim moved and seconded by Mr Romeo San Jose the Minutes of Meeting (MoM) dated 12 Feb 2019. 2. MoM dated 12 Feb 2019 # 6. MWSS will follow up for the approval of MOA with EMB DENR. 3. MoM dated 12 Feb 2019 # 8. Still an outstanding issue 4. MoM dated 12 Feb 2019 # 11. CMC to inform the breakthrough date to MMT 5. MoM dated 12 Feb 2019 # 12. Action taken. To attach picture and submit to MENRO 6. MoM dated 12 Feb 2019 # 14. Action taken 7. MoM dated 12 Feb 2019 # 14. Action taken 8. MoM dated 12 Feb 2019 # 18. Action taken 9. MoM dated 12 Feb 2019 # 19. Action taken 10. DOHWA to follow up MOA, MOO and between MWSS and DENR 11. Generation of dust in Ipo Construction Site. CMC to increase frequency of watering the access road in Ipo. For immediate action by CMC. 12. Temporary Spoil Disposal Site. Slope protection in the stock pile should be in place to control possible erosion. 13. Provide copy of the transport permit of MAPOLCOM to MMT. The permit is issued by BENRO. 14. Housekeeping practices at the Ipo Construction Site should be improved. 15. MMT to be provided with technical assistance for the drafting of report and guidance in monitoring activity. Such provision can be accessed from the monitoring fund of this project. 16. MMT Meeting Q3 2019 provisional date 6 August 2019, Tuesday. Notice will be sent to all MMT members should there be any postponement.

17. Other matters: boom protecting the intake structures is better located across the Angat River to protect not only the intake structure but also the Ipo Dam

Dr Paitim moved to adjourn the meeting and seconded by George Pasakdan.

Meeting ended 4:00 pm