46362-002: Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project

Updated Initial Environmental Examination

November 2018

Philippines: Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project

Prepared by the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in July 2014 available on https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/angat-water-transmission-improvement-project-iee.

Document history

Initial Environmental Examination

Angat Water Transmission Improvement

ADB/MWSS

This document has been issued and amended as follows:

Version Date Description Created by Verified by Approved by

1 Draft Rustica Romero Maynard Delfin Marissa De Guzman

2 2 Feb 2014 Draft Final Rustica Romero / Marissa De Marissa De Delfa Uy Guzman Guzman

3 14 Feb 2014 Final Rustica Romero Delfa Uy Marissa De Guzman

4 1 Mar 2014 Revised Final Rustica Romero Delfa Uy Marissa De Guzman

5 28 Feb 2018 Revised Draft MWSS

Disclaimer: This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Contents

I. Introduction 1 1.1. Project Location 1 1.2. IEE Report 3 1.3. IEE Approach and Methodology 3 1.3.1. IEE Scope 3 1.3.2. Rapid Environmental Appraisal and Categorization 3 1.3.3. Identification of Study Area 4 1.3.4. Baseline Data Collection 4 1.3.5. Impact Assessment and Mitigation 4 1.3.6. Environmental Management Plan 4 1.3.7. Public Consultation 4

II. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 6 2.1. National Policy and Regulatory Framework 6 2.2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements 9

III. Project Description 11 3.1. Project Rationale 11 3.1.1. Water Supply and Demand 11 3.1.2. Existing Transmission System Needs and Rehabilitation 14 3.1.3. Transmission System Rehabilitation 17 3.2. Project Alternatives 19 3.2.1. Project fixed parameters 19 3.3. Construction Alternatives 20 3.3.1. Tunnel Construction Methods 20 3.3.2. Table 9:Assessment of tunnel construction methods 21 3.3.3. Cofferdam Options 23 3.4. Project Development Plan and Project Components 24 3.4.1. Tunnel 25 3.4.2. Intake Structure 27 3.4.3. Outlet Structure 27 3.4.4. Channel 27 3.4.5. Construction Support Facilities 30 3.5. Project Duration and Schedule 31

IV. Description of the Environment 32 4.1. The Land 32 4.1.1. Topography and Soils 32 4.1.2. Geology 34 4.1.3. Ecological Resources 35

4.2. The Air 40 4.2.1. Air Quality 40 4.2.2. Noise Level 43 4.3. Water 46 4.3.1. Climate 46 4.3.2. Seismology 47 4.3.3. Hydrology and Surface Water Resources 47 4.3.4. Groundwater 53 4.3.5. Freshwater Ecology 53 4.4. People 56 4.4.1. Population and Communities 56 4.4.2. Health Facilities 58 4.4.3. Education Facilities 58 4.4.4. Socio-economic Conditions 58 4.4.5. Physical Cultural Resources 59 4.4.6. Historical Background and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) 59 4.4.7. Indigenous People 60 4.5. Summary Description of the Project Segments 61

V. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 64 5.1. The Land 64 5.2. Air 67 5.3. Water 69 5.4. People 73

VI. Environmental Management Plan 76 6.1. Introduction 76 6.2. Environmental Mitigation Plan 76 6.3. Institutional Arrangement 91 6.3.1 Existing Arrangement 91 6.3.2. Proposed Arrangements for Environmental Management 92 6.3.3. Implementation Schedule 96 6.4. Environmental Monitoring Plan 98 6.4.1.` Monitoring Mechanism 99 6.4.5. Reporting 107

VII. Public Consultation, Information Disclosure and Grievance Redress Mechanism 108 7.1. Public Consultation 108 7.2. Information Disclosure 119 7.3. Additional Public Consultation and Information Campaign 119 7.4. Grievance Redressal Mechanism 120 7.4.1. Informal Approach 120

7.4.2. Formal Approach 120 VIII. Conclusions and Recommendations 123 References 151

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Location Map ...... 1

Figure 2: Segments of Tunnel 4 Project Component ...... 5

Figure 3: Manila water demand with and without 15% buffer ...... 12

Figure 4: Ipo-La Mesa Transmission System Schematic Diagram ...... 16

Figure 5: Proposed Transmission System ...... 18

Figure 6: Tunnel 4 and the MWSS ROW ...... 20

Figure 7: Tunnel Profile ...... 26

Figure 8: Inlet Structure ...... 28

Figure 9:Outlet Structure ...... 29

Figure 10: Temporary Spoil Disposal Area ...... 30

Figure 11: Projected Tunnel Geology and Ground Elevation ...... 33

Figure 12: Geology in the Study Area ...... 35

Figure 13: Surface Water Quality and River Ecology Sampling Stations at Ipo Watershed ...... 47

Figure 14: Average Turbidity Level at Ipo Dam ...... 48

Figure 15: Surface Water and Groundwater Sampling Stations along Tunnel Segments...... 52

Figure 16. Guerrilla site map and project site ...... 60

Figure 17: Project Segments ...... 62

Figure 18: Location of the Inlet and Associated Works ...... 63

Figure 19: Location of the Outlet Structure ...... 64

Figure 20: MWSS Corporate Office Organizational Structure ...... 91

Figure 21 PMO-AWTIP with Consulting Firm ...... 92

Figure 22: Grievance Redress Mechanism Diagram ...... 122

List of Tables

Table 1: Other Relevant Laws, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 7

Table 2: MWSS Water Permits ...... 11

Table 3: MWSS Water allocation...... 11

Table 4: Water Available to MWSS from Angat Reservoir ...... 11

Table 5: Treatment plant capacities and average volumes (Nov 2012-Jan 2013) ...... 13

Table 6: Calculated capacities of conveyances ...... 14

Table 7: Priority for potential rehabilitation to conveyance structures ...... 17

Table 8: Projected flows after rehabilitation...... 19

Table 9: Assessment of tunnel construction methods ...... 21

Table 10: Assessment of cofferdam options ...... 24

Table 11: Indicative Construction Program ...... 31

Table 12: Borehole Sediment Quality ...... 32

Table 13: Ambient Air Quality Results ...... 42

Table 14: Noise Level Monitoring Results at MWSS Property Brgy. Bigte (Wet Season) ...... 43

Table 15: Noise Level Monitoring Results at MWSS Property Brgy. Bigte (Dry Season) ...... 44

Table 16: Noise Level Monitoring Results at Brgy. Hall San Mateo (Wet Season) ...... 45

Table 17: Noise Level Monitoring Results at Brgy. Hall San Mateo (Dry Season) ...... 45

Table 18: Projected Temperature and Rainfall Change in Bulacan Province (Seasonal increase in temperature and rainfall) ...... 46

Table 19: Projected Temperature and Rainfall Change in Bulacan Province (Frequency on Extreme Events) ...... 46

Table 20: Surface Water Quality in Angat River (Upstream and Downstream of Ipo Dam) ...... 48

Table 21: Surface Water Quality in Bigte River and Sta. Maria River ...... 50

Table 22: 2013 Borehole and Water Table ...... 53

Table 25: River Ecology Sampling Stations ...... 54

Table 26: Municipal Profile of Norzagaray, Bulacan ...... 57

Table 27: Population/Growth Rate of Norzagaray, Bulacan ...... 57

Table 29: Sectoral Distribution of Employment CY 2000, Bulacan and Norzagaray ...... 58

Table 30: Extent and Average Yields of Agriculture Land Use: Norzagaray...... 59

Table 31: Potential Impacts on Land ...... 64

Table 32: Potential Impacts on Air ...... 67

Table 33: Potential Impacts on Water ...... 70

Table 34: Potential Impacts on People ...... 73

Table 35: EMP prior to Construction Phase ...... 77

Table 36: EMP for the Construction Phase ...... 79

Table 37: EMP for the Operations Phase ...... 90

Table 38: Institutional Responsibilities ...... 94

Table 39: Environmental Management Implementation Schedule ...... 96

Table 38: Composition of the Multipartite Monitoring Team ...... 100

Table 39: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 102

Table 40: Summary of Public Consultation 2013 July and 2014 July ...... 108

Table 41: Summary of Public Consultation – 2016 August ...... 109

List of Abbreviations

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AS Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ADB Asian Development Bank ADSDPP Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines AQ Aqueduct AP Affected Person D&B Design and Build Contractor Brgy Barangay BH Borehole BOD5 Biological Oxygen Demand (5 Days) CADT Certificate of Ancestral Land Domain Title CBFM Community-based Forest Management CEMMP Contractor’s Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan CITES Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CNC Certificate of Non-coverage COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CPDO City Planning and Development Office CPF Common Purpose Facility CWA Contractor’s Work Area DAO Department Administrative Order D&B Design and Build DBH Diameter at Breast Height DED Detailed Engineering Design DENR CO DENR Central Office DENR MO DENR Memorandum Order DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways DOST Department of Science and Technology DS Downstream DQP Design Quality Plan ECA Environmental Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmental Critical Project EMB DENR Environmental Management Bureau EMP Environmental Management Plan EO Executive Order EU Environmental Unit FED Fire and Explosives Division FGD Focus Group Discussion FIDIC Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils (International Federation Of Consulting Engineers)

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FVR Friendship Village Resources GOP Government of the Philippines HH Household IEC Information, Education and Communication IEE Initial Environmental Examination IP Indigenous People (Dumagat) IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IRA Internal Revenue Alignment IV Importance Value LGU Local Government Unit LWUA Local Water Utilities Administration Mbg Meters Below Ground MENRO Municipal Environmental and Natural Resources Office MMT Multipartite Monitoring Team MOA Memorandum of Agreement MWCI Manila Water Company Inc. MWSI Maynilad Water Services Inc. MWSS Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NCSO National Census and Statistics Office NGA National Government Agencies NIPAS National Integrated Protected Area System NPC National Power Corporation NVH North Village Housing NWRB National Water Resources Board O&M Operation and Maintenance PMO-AWTIP Project Management Office for Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project PA Protected Area PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAMB Protected Area Management Board PAWB Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau PCR Physical Cultural Resources PD Presidential Decree PGA Peak Ground Acceleration PNP Philippine National Police PO People’s Organization

PPTA Project Preparation Technical Assistance QMP Quality Management Plan RA Republic Act RCE Riparian Channel Evaluation REA Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW Right of Way SAPA Special Use Agreement in the Protected Areas SPS 2009 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, June 2009 SPSC Scoping/Procedural Screening Checklist TA Technical Assistance US Upstream WHO World Health Organization WVF West Valley Fault DQP Design Quality Plan QMP Quality Management Plan

Executive Summary The Angat Water Supply Transmission Improvement Project (AWTIP) seeks to improve the reliability and security of the raw water transmission system through partial transmission system rehabilitation from Ipo to La Mesa and the implementation of water safety, risk and asset management plans. As part of the project, it is proposed to build a new tunnel to augment the water conveyance capacity provided by the three existing tunnels. Once completed, it is possible to drain and inspect each of the tunnels and assess the need for further works. The Project has been categorized by ADB as environment category B and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009 (ADB SPS). The original IEE was prepared and approved in 2014. The approved IEE is further updated for the changed in tunnel methodology from Drill and Blast to Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). The used of TBM technology during excavation is to avoid blasting and to minimize dust. The proposed Tunnel 4 will be 6.4km in length and 4.2 m in clear internal diameter and 4.94m external diameter and lying adjacent to the existing tunnel 1. The tunnel will be located at about 100m to 150m below ground surface with maximum depth of 200m. The depth at the inlet and outlet is about 10m and 8m, respectively. It will use a mechanized excavation method with a double shield Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). In the first stretch, just downstream of intake, the alignment is characterized by two curves with a radius of 350m and a length of 780m to allow the TBM excavation, the two curves are followed by a straight stretch with a length of roughly 5,660m, thus attaining a total length of 6,440m. The mechanical excavation will proceed from the outlet portal at Bigte towards the intake at Ipo Reservoir, where the TBM will be dismantled. Construction of access road for TBM assembly at the Outlet Portal will be done by stabilizing the existing slope and deep excavation up to the invert level of the new tunnel and the construction of TBM launching chamber. Permanent access roads will be constructed also along the Inlet Portal Area with a total length of 865 meters inside Ipo Dam area; this road will also be used as Construction Working Area (CWA) going to Tunnel Intake. Slope stabilization will be assured with the following works, mortar injection with cement mortars, micropile wall with anchors will be used as reinforcement to establish the vertical cut of the slope and to be reinforced by soil nails secure with wire mesh and shotcrete. The intake will be located between the new and old Ipo dams. The intake structure will comprise a rectangular basin, with a trash rack to control debris entering the tunnel and stop logs for closure and control of sluice gates to regulate the flow of water in the tunnel. Traffic and Transportation Management Plan shall be prepared for the site access roads including IPO roads to ensure that no hazards would result from the increased truck traffic and that traffic flow would not be adversely impacted. The few impacts of high magnitude (without mitigation) during construction will not be distinct. Tunnel 4 will be the fourth tunnel to be constructed in the MWSS ROW. These impacts will not be sufficient to threaten the surrounding resources. During operation, low to moderate impacts will come from maintenance and repair. An environmental management plan (EMP) was developed to provide specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impacts, guide the environmentally-sound execution of the proposed project, and ensure efficient lines of communication between the implementing agency, project management unit, consultants, and contractors. The EMP also provides a proactive, feasible, and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring performance on-site. Two types of monitoring are required: environmental and compliance. Environmental monitoring evaluates the residual impacts of construction and operation activities in the environment and as necessary modifies the mitigation measures to ensure its effectiveness. Compliance monitoring ensures that all parties comply with the environmental requirements as set under Philippine legislation and policies, and the requirements described in this updated IEE and Contractor’s

CEMP. The hierarchy of compliance monitoring includes monitoring activities conducted by the Contractor, CPF internal monitoring and MWSS, MMT external monitoring, DENR, ADB and an independent monitoring team. The proposed Environmental Monitoring Plan covers water quality, air quality, noise, and vegetation clearance. It also includes key parameters, sampling methodology and testing. The monitoring plan is focused on the construction period as no significant impact was identified during the operation phase. The Environmental Monitoring Plan will be updated as needed. Series of Public consultations were held within the communities of Brgys. San Mateo and Bigte including Dumagats in Ipo Watershed. The consultations aim to provide information on the updates of the proposed projects particularly the change in methodology (DBM to TBM). Stakeholders such NHCP, NIA, NWRB, PAGASA, MWSS, DENR, NPC, NCIP, the EIA RevCom, LGUs and POs. The program’s grievance redressal mechanism provides the citizens with a platform for redressal of their grievances and describes the informal and formal channels, time frame, and mechanisms for resolving complaints about environmental performance. The project implementation will require a Project Management Office (PMO). For this project, a consulting firm will oversee the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan, including the mitigation measures and environmental monitoring program identified in the EMP and the compliance of the Contractor with its CEMMP. The updated IEE concludes that most of the environmental impacts associated with the Tunnel 4 are expected to arise during construction. Potential impacts will be localized and site-specific. Most of the identified impacts are low and temporary and if assessed adversely, it can be mitigated to an acceptable level without difficulty through standard site, engineering and construction practices. No significant adverse impacts have been identified during operation phase.

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I. Introduction This report presents the updated Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of the Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (AWTIP) which aims to improve reliability of water supply in Metro Manila. The project is located in Bulacan Province (Luzon Island), about 35km northeast of Manila (Figure 1). Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), the project proponent, is seeking a loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). This updated IEE has been prepared to comply with ADB environmental safeguard requirements. 1.1. Project Location The project is located in Brgys. San Mateo and Bigte in the Municipality of Norzagaray, Province of Bulacan, which is about 35km northeast of Manila. The project will involve the construction of about 6.4km long, 4m in diameter tunnel that will be used to transmit raw water from Ipo reservoir to MWSS Bigte Portal. The underground tunnel will be about 50mbg to 200mbg and its alignment will be within the existing MWSS Tunnel ROW. The tunnel alignment will traverse about 6km length in Brgy San Mateo and only about 400m is within Brgy Bigte. The alignment will traverse boundaries of two watersheds in Brgy San Mateo- the Ipo Watershed, which is managed by DENR and MWSS; and Angat Watershed, a declared protected area and bird area, which is managed by NPC. The intake will be at the IPO Dam compound in Brgy. San Mateo, Municipality of Norzagaray at 14° 52’ 25.30” N, 121° 8’ 56.01” E. This location is between the old and new Ipo dam structures. The intake is at relative elevation of 95.7m, nearly 5m below the normal and operating reservoir. The tunnel alignment will be from 14° 52’ 22.97” N, 121° 8’ 53.34” E in Ipo Dam Compound traversing straight to MWSS Bigte portal at 14° 51’ 31.71” N, 121°5’ 29.35” E. This alignment is within the MWSS existing 60m width tunnel ROW. The outlet will be at the MWSS in Brgy. Bigte at approximately 92.3m relative elevation. The inlet and outlet sites can be accessed through the Ipo Road from Quirino Highway. The area is generally characterized to have rolling terrain and has rural setting. The topography is relatively flat only at Bigte Portal.

Angat Dam

Ipo Dam

MWSS Bigte Portal

Figure 1: Location Map

Inlet CWA

Photo 1: Location of Tunnel 4 Inlet, CWA and temporary spoil disposal

During construction phase, the Contractor’s work areas and temporary spoil disposal site at Brgy. Bigte will be within the MWSS compound in Brgy.Bigte (Photo 2 and 3).

Photo 2: Location of temporary spoil disposal in Brgy Bigte

Photo 3: Location of CWA near the oulet

1.2. IEE Report This updated IEE Report covers the details of the initial environmental assessment of the new Tunnel 4 utilizing TBM tunnel methodology from Ipo to Bigte in Norzagaray, Bulacan and associated intake and outlet works. The proposed tunnel construction is considered a priority scheme for the transmission system based on the assessment report. Once constructed, it will facilitate the subsequent rehabilitation of the whole transmission system identified in the assessment report.

1.3. IEE Approach and Methodology 1.3.1. IEE Scope The IEE is focused on identifying environmental issues in the study area, potential environmental impacts and risks associated with the construction and operation of the proposed project, facilitating mitigation measures, and setting out an outline of the environmental management plan (EMP) to minimize adverse environmental impacts. The IEE study includes an environmental assessment of the tunnel alignment and related project components such as the Contractor’s work areas, most of which are within the MWSS infrastructure compound; and temporary spoil disposal area. The study was carried out following the ADB SPS 2009 and in reference to the national policy and regulatory framework discussed in Section 2.

1.3.2. Rapid Environmental Appraisal and Categorization ADB‘s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) form was used initially to identify potential impacts. The project has been classified as Category B based on the type of environmental assessment required following ADB safeguard policies, indicating that there are potentially some adverse environmental impacts, but not sufficient to warrant a full environmental impact assessment (EIA).

1.3.3. Identification of Study Area The optimum location of the tunnel alignment from the inlet through the entire alignment to the outlet has been selected to mitigate the potential impacts of tunnel construction and operation works on air, water, flora and fauna, and within the communities. The study area extends along the full length of the new tunnel alignment, including the project related sites for the construction on the inlet and outlet works, and the temporary spoil disposal sites. The tunnel alignment was subdivided into 1km lengths resulting in seven segments for the entire project. The characteristics of the study area and the potential for environmental and social impacts were then assessed in each segment. Segments 1 and 7 at either end of the project include inlet and outlet works, tunnel portal, Contractor’s work areas, and temporary spoil disposal sites. Most of the construction-related impacts are associated with these segments. Segments 2 to 6 lie along the alignment of the tunnel, where there would be limited effects from tunnelling.

1.3.4. Baseline Data Collection Environmental surveys for surface water quality, ambient air quality, noise, terrestrial (flora and fauna) ecology, and river ecology, were undertaken in the study area. Surveys and interview to the potential affected people were also conducted. Where appropriate, the environmental quality data were compared with the Philippine environmental quality standards, and where national standards were not available, with international criteria. Detailed terrestrial vegetation and fauna surveys were undertaken in Segments 1 and 7, with less detailed surveys along Segments 2 to 6. The data are presented in Chapter IV on the baseline together with secondary data gathered from various government agencies and other related literature. A GIS mapping exercise was undertaken with the various inputs from surveys and existing maps such as topographic maps and hazard maps to characterize the project site.

1.3.5. Impact Assessment and Mitigation This updated IEE identified the potential adverse environmental impacts along each segment of the tunnel alignment during the construction and operation. These impacts were described qualitatively and proposals for appropriate mitigation put forward.

1.3.6. Environmental Management Plan The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was developed further based on the finalized detailed engineering design.

1.3.7. Public Consultation Public consultation meetings were held with the communities in Brgys. Bigte and San Mateo including Dumagats in Ipo Watershed to solicit their recommendations/suggestions about the project. Information dissemination on the changes on other project components including project status were also presented for transparency and updating among the local residents and all the stakeholders.

Inlet Structure

6 7

Segment 1

Segment 2 Segment 3

Outlet Segment 4 Structure Segment 5

Segment 6

Segment 7

Figure 2: Segments of Tunnel 4 Project Component

II. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 2.1. National Policy and Regulatory Framework The following laws/policies cover the framework for environmental assessment in the Philippines: a) The 1987 Philippine Constitution, Section 16, Article II and Section 15, sets the basic framework for the country’s Policy on Environment, stating: “The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. The State is mandated to protect and promote the people’s right to health.” b) Presidential Decrees (PD) 1586, 1978 established the Philippine EIS system, an assessment process through which all projects categorized as environmentally critical or situated within environmentally critical areas are required to undertake. c) Presidential Decree 1151, 1979 represents the Philippine Environmental Policy, requiring all proponents of projects that significantly affect the quality of the environment to prepare a detail statement on: (i) environmental impacts of the proposed project; (ii) any unavoidable adverse environmental effect of the project when implemented; (iii) alternative to the proposed action; (iv) determination that the short-term uses of the resources of the environment are consistent with the maintenance and enhancement of the long-term productivity of the same; and (v) finding to be made that such use and commitment are warranted, in case a proposed project will involve the use of non- renewable resources. d) Proclamation 2146, 1981 declared certain types of project and areas as environmentally critical and within the scope of the EIS System. Proclamation No. 803, 1996 added one type of project as environmentally critical. e) DENR Administrative Order 30 in 2003 (DAO 03-30) sets out the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Philippine EIS System. f) Revised Procedural Manual for DAO 03-30, 2008 prescribes the procedures for the processing of applications for Environmental Compliance Certificates (ECCs) and Certificates of Non-Coverage (CNCs). g) DENR Memorandum Circular No. 2007-08, 2007 segregates the practice of requiring permits, clearances, licenses, endorsements, resolutions and other government approvals under the jurisdictions other National Government Agencies (NGAs) and Local Government Units (LGUs) so as not to pre-empt the EIA evaluation process. As such, the EIA findings and recommendations are transmitted through the ECC for consideration by the NGAs and LGUs in the processing or prior to the issuance of their respective permits/clearances. It stipulates that the issuance of ECC or CNC for a project does not exempt the proponent from securing other government permits and clearances as required by other laws. h) DENR Administrative Order No. 2016-08, Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016, provides guidelines for the classification of water bodies in the country; determination of time trends and the evaluation of stages of deterioration/enhancement in water quality; evaluation of the need for taking actions in preventing, controlling, or abating water pollution; and designation of water quality

management areas (WQMA). In addition, this Order is issued to set the General Effluent Standards (GES). i) DENR Administrative Order No.2017-15, Guidelines on Public Participation under the Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System, improve and rationalize Public Participation under Philippine EIS System and to achieve meaningful public participation. Other legal environmental issuances most relevant to the Project are presented in Table 1. Table 1: Other Relevant Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

Law / Regulation / Guideline Year Relevant provisions Remarks

Protected area management

Republic Act No. 7586 1992 Proposals for activities that are Although the Project is within a PA classified outside the scope of the as initial component, the NIPAS may not be The National Integrated Protected management plan for protected applicable because the Ipo watershed does Areas System (NIPAS) Act areas (PAs) shall be subject to an not have an organized Protected Area EIA before they are adopted, and Management Board (PAMB) for the watershed the results thereof shall be taken PA. into consideration in the decision- making process. An ECC is The MWSS ROW is included in the required prior to the actual management plan of the Angat Watershed implementation of such activities. Reserve and Forest Range (Pilot), a protected When allowed to undertake area. Nevertheless, the Project will secure an activities, the proponent shall plan ECC in compliance to the Philippine EIS and institute measures to System. minimize any adverse effects and take preventive and remedial action when appropriate.

DENR Administrative Order No. 17 2007 A Special Use Agreement in the Issuance of SAPA is currently suspended. Protected Areas (SAPA) may be DENR Region 3 has advised that a Rules and Regulations Governing issued within PAs except in strict Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) is Special Uses within Protected Areas nature reserves and shall be applicable for the Project. An initial draft MOA confined only to the management between the National Power Corporation zones of the PA appropriate for (NPC), MWSS and DENR has been drafted the purpose. by DENR and the Consultant on 7 November 2013. Copy has been forwarded to MWSS for its review. It is aimed to secure this MOA promptly.

DENR Administrative Order No. 26 2008 Prohibited acts within protected Project will be implemented within the MWSS areas includes: ROW. Appropriate measures are Revised Implementing Rules and recommended I the EMP to ensure such Regulations of the NIPAS Act - (1) destroying and disturbing prohibited acts are prevented during plants or animals; (2) dumping of construction and operation. wastes; (3) destroying objects of natural beauty or of interest to cultural communities; (4) damaging roads and trails; (5) squatting or occupying any land within; (6) constructing structure without permit; (7) leaving the PA in unsanitary conditions with refuse, debris or depositions in water bodies; and (8) removing or destroying boundary marks or signs.

Law / Regulation / Guideline Year Relevant provisions Remarks

Technical Bulletin No. 2013-01: 2013 Lists the Angat Watershed and This has been considered in the feasibility Forest Range (Pilot) among the study. List of Protected Areas Under NIPAS PAs under the NIPAS. System

Tree-cutting

Executive Order No. 277, Amending 1987 - Watershed reserves are included Tree-cutting permit is not necessary when Section 68 of the PD No. 705 (Revised under forest lands in the Revised cutting trees of common species. Forestry Code) Forestry Code. Cutting of trees in forest lands without license is a criminal offense.

DENR Administrative Order No. 21 2000 Tree-cutting permit is required for Some trees need to be cleared to give way to cutting premium hardwood. the construction activities. Some of the Revised Guidelines on the Issuance of Same permit is not required for affected trees at the outlet area would qualify Private Land Timber Permit/Special trees of common species. for a permit. As such, a tree-cutting permit is Private Land Timber Permit necessary.

Executive Order (EO) 23 dated 1 Feb 2011 The DENR is prohibited from Exemptions may be considered if project is a 2011 issuing tree-cutting permits in all priority by Government of the Philippines natural and residual forests (GOP). Moratorium on cutting of timber in nationwide, except for clearing of natural and residual forests ROW by DPWH, site preparation for tree plantations, silvicultural treatment and similar activities, provided that logs derived from the cutting permits shall be turned over to DENR for proper disposal.

Health and Safety

DOLE Department Order No. 13 1998 Provisions on safety rules, This is considered in the EMP. including rules in working at Guidelines governing occupational hazardous workplace. safety and health in the construction industry

DOLE: Occupational Safety and 2013 Provision on duties of employers, This is considered in the EMP. Health Standards (as amended, 1989 May workers and other persons, safety rules, including rules in working at hazardous workplace.

IRR of RA 8294 dated 06 June 1997 Permit for the use of explosives. This is considered in the EMP.

Environment-related clearances/agreements/permits/licenses have emerged as requisite documents to be secured prior to Project implementation, i.e., prior to the issuance of Notice of Award or Notice to Proceed. These are: a) ECC, which will require the submission of an EIS that is prepared and submitted for approval to the DENR Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) Central Office. An ECC will be required prior to Notice of Award. An ECC or proof of submission of the Project EIS to the EMB Central Office for processing is a requisite document for ICC clearance/NEDA Board approval for the Project loan. Proof of submission of EIS to the EMB Central Office for processing is a requisite document for the application of a tree-cutting permit.

b) Tree-cutting permit, which will be secured from DENR RO3 by MWSS as the authorized land user of MWSS ROW. This will be applied for only when the EIS has been submitted to the EMB Central Office for processing; but should have been secured prior to Notice of Award. According to DAO 2000-21, the following documents will be required: (i) letter application; (ii) sketch map of area applied for; (iii) development plan, if application covers 10ha or larger with at least 50% of the area covered with forest trees; (iv) endorsement from any of the following LGU officials, namely: concerned Barangay Chairman, Municipal/City Mayor, or Provincial Governor; and (v) inventory fee based on existing regulations. DENR RO3 advised that the MOA among MWSS, NPC and DENR will be attached to the application as supporting document. In addition to the application requirements, a 100% timber inventory needs to be undertaken by registered forester/s of Region 3 in accordance with the guidelines set in Section 6 of DAO 2000-21.

A proof of submission of the Project EIS to the EMB Central Office for processing will be used as basis for permit issuance.

The key environmental quality standards applied in this IEE include: (i) National Ambient Air Quality Criteria for Pollutants, 1998; (ii) Noise Control Regulations, 1980; and (iii) Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016(DAO 2016-08). International standards referred to include the WHO Air Quality Guidelines, Global Update 2005; WHO Guideline for Community Noise, 1999; WB Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, 1998; IFC Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines; and Assessing Vibration: Technical Guide, 2006 in the absence of a national vibration guideline.

The Philippines became part of the following three international environmental agreements most relevant to the Project: (i) UNESCO World Heritage Convention in 1985, committing to ensure the protection and conservation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on territory of, and primarily belonging to, the State; and (ii) Convention of Biodiversity in 1993, committing to require environmental assessment of projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity with a view of avoiding or minimizing such effects; and (iii) Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), in 1994, committing to conserve and wisely use wetlands (i.e., maintaining ecological character) as a contribution toward achieving sustainable development locally and worldwide.

2.2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a rapid environmental assessment (REA) screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the four environmental categories (A, B, C, or FI) as follows:  Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.  Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site- specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

 Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed.  Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts.

According to Philippines environmental guidelines, the Project can be considered as either under Group II or III while ADB has categorized the Project as environment category B. Hence, this IEE has been prepared to meet the requirements of both the ADB SPS 2009 and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of the final IEE from MWSS, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website.

III. Project Description 3.1. Project Rationale 3.1.1. Water Supply and Demand 3.1.1.1. Supply

39. The 14 million population of Metro Manila currently depends on the Umiray-Angat-Ipo multipurpose scheme for over 95% of its water supply. There are plans to develop another significant water source through the New Centennial Project currently being studied by MWSS. However, this will only be operational after 2020. The supply of sufficient and wholesome water from the Umiray-Angat-Ipo system is critical to the well-being of the Manila population.

40. MWSS has been granted water permits with a total volume of 54.57 cms.

Table 2: MWSS Water Permits

Water Water Permit Volume Granted (water right) Source Angat River No water permit issued; Board 22 m³/s Resolution No 02-0389 Angat River 11462 15 m³/s (from NIA’s Unutilized water) Umiray River 7359 14 m³/s Umiray River 14202 3.57 m³/s TOTAL 54.57 m³/s

41. The MWSS obtained the following water allocation pursuant to NWRB Board Resolution No 016- 0806, subject to availability of water, summarized in Table below.

Table 3: MWSS Water allocation Water Source Water Volume allocation Angat Reservoir 20.1 m³/s Unutilized water from irrigation 15 m³/s Umiray-Angat Transbasin 10.9 m³/s Project TOTAL 46 m

42. The reliable flow available to MWSS from the Angat reservoir is shown in Table, which is based on monthly mean flows from January 2001 to December 2010.

Table 4: Water Available to MWSS from Angat Reservoir Water Source Water Volume allocation Angat Reservoir 20.1 m³/s Unutilized water from irrigation 15 m³/s Umiray-Angat Transbasin Project 10.9 m³/s TOTAL 46 cm

43. In addition to Angat releases, the available flows to MWSS at Ipo are augmented by runoff from the Ipo catchment between Angat and Ipo dams. This contributes an additional average flow of about 2m³/s at Ipo. Clearly, the water made available to MWSS is often below 46m³/s granted water allocation. MWSS plans to develop projects in the coming years so that a flow of 46m³/s can be relied on from the Angat system. At the end of June 2013, MWSS informed that water allocation would be increased by 4m³/s in consideration of the actual flows from Umiray, which are higher than the allocated 9m³/s. However, this additional allocation will be supplied to Bulacan Province from the transmission system. With the unreliability of the current water allocation, it is not clear how this additional allocation will be a secure resource. The 2010 Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) on the Angat Water Protocol provides the allocation of water for irrigation and municipal use to be determined by National Water Resources Board (NWRB) in accordance with the Philippine Water Code. The Angat-Umiray-Ipo supply is augmented by flow from the La Mesa- Alat catchment estimated at an average of 1.4m³/s. Water is also abstracted from Laguna Lake at the Putatan Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant. This has a capacity of 1.15m³/s, which is expected to double in the coming years.

47. Existing water resources could therefore provide up to 51.7 m³/s , if the flow of 46m³/s from Angat was secure and the relevant treatment plant and distribution infrastructure were constructed. 3.1.1.2. Demand

48. Several demand scenarios are available for the future water requirements in Metro Manila. MWSS and its concessionaires have used these studies, with some adjustments, to agree the demand forecast shown Figure 3. The indicated growth and the 15% buffer are higher than what the World Bank and JICA studies suggest but have been adopted by MWSS and its concessionaires in the on-going rate rebasing.

Figure 3: Manila water demand with and without 15% buffer 49. In addition to the demands of Metro Manila, the transmission system supplies approximately 0.5m³/s of raw water to San Jose del Monte treatment plant and other private customers. There are also many illegal users estimated to consume 0.1m³/s raw water for domestic use with similar quantity for agricultural purposes. At the end of June, we were informed that the Bulacan bulk water supply project currently under study within MWSS is likely to require up to 5.5m³/s from a take-off on the aqueducts at Pleasant Hills, approximately 10.2km from Bigte.

50. These forecasts are relevant to water resource planning, but do not directly affect the transmission system under study, which is limited by the granted water allocation of 46m³/s. There are suggestions that this may be increased by 4m³/s, as the Umiray scheme produces this in addition to the 9m³/s already granted to MWSS. However, given the unreliability of flow releases from Angat, the high risk of continuing to rely on the Angat single source, and the plan to develop the New Centennial Project, this increased flow is not a significant factor in this current design.

51. The current available supplies to meet the demand are approximately 49.4m³/s from Angat, Ipo, La Mesa and Alat catchments, and up to 2.3m³/s from the Putatan RO plant once its capacity is doubled. The New Centennial Water Source Project is set to meet the demands above these and planned to come on stream at about the same time as the ‘demand with buffer’ exceeds the available supply in 2020.

3.1.1.3. Treatment Plant Demand

52. For the Umiray-Angat-Ipo-La Mesa-Alat water sources, Table 5 shows the treatment plant design capacities, average raw water demand and treated water production over three months from November 2012 to January 2013. Currently, raw water demand is approximately 40m³/s while the capacity is approximately 48m³/s. These volumes, along with direct usage from the transmission system, can be made available from the current sources provided the reliability of the Angat system is improved.

Table 5: Treatment plant capacities and average volumes (Nov 2012-Jan 2013)

Demand Demand Capacity Capacity

m³/s Raw Water Treated MLD Raw Water Treated m³/s m³/s MLD MLD

MWSI

La Mesa 1 17.4 15.3 14.1 1,500 1,326 1,214 La Mesa 2 10.4 8.6 8.1 900 742 700 Sub Total 27.8 23.9 22.2 2,400 2,068 1,914

MWCI

Balara 1 5.4 3.6 3.6 470 312 307 Balara 2 13.1 11.6 11.3 1,130 1,001 979 Rodriguez (East La 1.4 0.5 0.5 120 42 40 Mesa) Sub total 19.9 15.7 15.3 1,720 1,355 1,326 Total 47.7 39.6 37.5 4,120 3,423 3,240

3.1.2. Existing Transmission System Needs and Rehabilitation

3.1.2.1. Water Transmission System Assessment

53. Water from the Angat River is transmitted from Ipo Dam to Bigte through the three existing tunnels. From Bigte, water is conveyed along six aqueducts (pipelines), with Aqueducts 1 and 2 carrying water to La Mesa reservoir and the remaining four aqueducts carrying water to La Mesa water treatment plant. The existing transmission system has been assessed in three main areas: (1) condition, (2) hydraulic performance, and (3) seismic resilience.

54. Based on the condition assessment, the main pipelines appear in reasonable condition, although the older Aqueducts 1 and 2, 3 and 4 show leakage reaching nearly 10%. This level of leakage will become unacceptable as demand increases with limited water availability. Rehabilitation is likely to involve local repair and/or replacement of longer pipe lengths. The tunnels continue to convey significant volumes of raw water, which indicate that they are intact with no major collapse. To check the actual conditions and extent of remediation needed by existing tunnels, internal access is required. It is anticipated that the unlined tunnel 1 need remediation. A completed Tunnel 4 internal access will be possible without disrupting water supply to Metro Manila and other areas served by the system.

55. The capacity of the various tunnels and aqueducts of the transmission system have been assessed and used to develop an estimate of the hydraulic characteristics of the system. The capacities of the various conveyances using these characteristics are indicated in Table 6.

Table 6: Calculated capacities of conveyances

Water levels Capacity (m³/s) Effective flow (m³/s)

Ipo Bigte Portal

TUN1 100.3 88.0 6.6 6.6

TUN2 100.3 89.5 17.4 17.4

TUN3 100.3 95.5 19.0 19.0

TUN Total 43.0 43.0

AQ1+2 88.0 80.0 3.1 3.1

AQ3 88.0 80.0 6.8 6.8

AQ4 89.5 80.0 13.3 13.3

AQ5 95.5 80.0 19.0 19.0

Water levels Capacity (m³/s) Effective flow (m³/s)

Ipo Bigte Portal

AQ6 95.5 80.0 17.2 -

AQ Total 59.4 42.2

56. Estimated capacities highlight two important issues for the transmission system:

57. The capacity of the tunnels is below the anticipated maximum flow of 48m³/s (MWSS water allocation of 46m³/s+ 2m³/s from Ipo catchment below Angat) and needs to be increased in the next few years to meet future demands.

58. The aqueduct capacity is apparently more than the water allocation, but unfortunately only one of Aqueducts 5 and 6 can be supplied to its full capacity by Tunnel 3, reducing the effective capacity to approximately 42.2m³/s. As a result, there is no flexibility in the system to allow closure of a conveyance for maintenance/ rehabilitation.

59. Hence, hydraulically, the first requirement is to construct a new Tunnel 4 to: (i) augment supply to Aqueducts 5 and 6 to their full capacities. After this, it will then be possible to sequentially close and fully inspect the older Tunnels 1, 2, 3 and Aqueducts 1-2, 3, and 4. This will also allow some of the assumptions made in the hydraulic and structural/seismic analyses to be reassessed.

60. The assessment of structural resilience of aqueducts indicates that there are no major issues which need to be urgently addressed. The main concern is damage that will occur at hard/stiff points along the pipeline. It is considered that this risk is best dealt with post-earthquake repair, rather than installation of flexible joints. Such joints would be expensive given the large number of hard/stiff points and large diameter of the pipelines. Maintaining a stock of materials to enable rapid repair is considered to be of better value. Some structural reinforcement of several basins is also suggested.

Figure 4: Ipo-La Mesa Transmission System Schematic Diagram 61. The construction of Tunnel No. 4 is mainly aimed at providing operational flexibility and will not affect the determination of water allocation for MWSS (for domestic and municipal) and for the National Irrigation Administration (for irrigation) and for any purpose thereof, as confirmed by NWRB.

62. Once operational will give MWSS the opportunity to thoroughly conduct investigation and rehabilitation of the old existing tunnels. At the moment, the capacity of Tunnels 1-3 is 43 m3/s which is below the anticipated maximum flow of 48m³/s (MWSS water allocation of 46m³/s+ 2m³/s from Ipo catchment below Angat). The repair of the aqueducts, without the construction of Tunnel 4, will result to closing of any of the tunnels that is in series with respective aqueduct. This approach will result to water interruption and shortage of water supply to Metro Manila. Tunnel

4 will be constructed to convey raw water while any of the existing tunnels are undergoing inspection and rehabilitation works.

3.1.3. Transmission System Rehabilitation

63. Assessment of the system identifies the need for:  New tunnel to increase capacity and provide operational flexibility  Internal inspection of conveyances and subsequent rehabilitation as necessary  Rehabilitation/renewal of older structures and appurtenances

64. Suggested priority for these works is indicated in Table 7.

Table 7: Priority for potential rehabilitation to conveyance structures Potential rehabilitation methods Priority Conveyance Issues Detail study needed after inspection Critical to increase flow and facilitate 1 New Tunnel 4 subsequent inspection and Described in this feasibility study rehabilitation Critical tunnel, no permanent concrete Permanent concrete lining - locally or 2 Tunnel 3 lining, rock bolts, built in 1992(~ 23- total length, use corrosion resistant year-old) rock bolts + additional shotcrete Important tunnel, built in 1983 (~ 32- 3= Tunnel 2 Optioneered repairs to concrete lining year-old) Optioneered solution from local joint Important aqueduct, leakage at 9%, 3= Aqueduct 4 repair to full replacement of pipes, precast pipes potential seismic risk replace all fittings Additional lining, lining repair to 4 Tunnel 1 Built in 1939 (~76-year-old tunnel) maintain integrity Built in 1969 (~46-year-old), leakage at Repairs to concrete, replace essential 5 Aqueduct 3 10% fittings for emergency operation Built in 1939 (~76-year-old), leakage at 6 Aqueduct 1-2 Decommission 6%, fittings generally not serviceable

65. A schematic diagram of this rehabilitated transmission system is indicated in Figure 5.

Tunnel 1 capacity: 6.6 m³/s

Tunnel 2 capacity: 17.4 m³/s

Tunnel 3capacity: 17.6 m³/s

Tunnel 4 capacity: 19.0 m³/s

66.

Figure 5: Proposed Transmission System 67. The capacities of the existing conveyances after rehabilitation will be the calculated values shown in Error! Reference source not found.TABLE 6 with the probable exception of Tunnel 3 (where a concrete lining could reduce capacity to about 17.6m³/s); Aqueduct 4 (where a smooth lining or steel pipe could increase capacity to about 15.4m³/s); and Aqueducts 1-2 once

decommissioned. Tunnel 4 will feed AQ5 and need a matching capacity of 19.0 m³/s. Proposed flows after rehabilitation are indicated in Table 8.

68. The potential 5.5m³/s supply to Bulacan Province from the transmission system, of which we were advised at the end of June, could in theory be accommodated in this rehabilitated system, although overall flexibility would be reduced. It will also be necessary for MWSS to agree with the concessionaires how this supply will be managed.

Table 8: Projected flows after rehabilitation

Tunnel Capacity (m³/s) Aqueduct Capacity (m³/s) Normal operation

Tun 1 6.6 AQ 3 6.8 Tun 2 17.4 AQ 4 15.4 15.4 Tun 4 19.0 AQ 5 19.0 19.0 Tun 3 17.6 AQ 6 17.2 17.2 Tunnel Total 60.6 AQ Total 51.6

3.2. Project Alternatives

69. Fixed parameters/constraints which define the Tunnel 4 project: a) The disruption to operations of transmission system during construction should be minimal. b) Tunnel 4 must be within the existing MWSS ROW. This is a 60m wide corridor approximately centered on Tunnel 1 c) Tunnel should not pass over or under existing working tunnels as the risk of collapse and disruption is unacceptable. This means Tunnel 4 is restricted to the corridor between Tunnel 1 and the southern boundary of the MWSS ROW. d) The scheme must convey 19m3/s design criteria for: i) Elevation of Ipo reservoir water level at 100.3m ii) Elevation of Basin 3 (AQ5 start) water level at 95.5m (iii)Hydraulic roughness of concrete to be taken as 4mm. This is the likely long-term roughness after degradation of the concrete surface e) Intake to be located between the old and the new Ipo Dams to reduce risks of silt built up in front of intake. Silt levels upstream of the old Ipo Dam are at an approximate elevation of 91m and are increasing by approximately 0.3m a year. In comparison, levels downstream of the old dam are approximately 83m.

Such constraints fix the basic layout of the scheme. 70. No alternative, other than tunnel construction, was considered with the given constraints on project siting. Above ground conveyance system is not applicable due to the rugged terrain of Brgy San Mateo.

Figure 6: Tunnel 4 and the MWSS ROW 3.3. Construction Alternatives

3.3.1. Tunnel Construction Methods

71. Potential tunnel construction methodologies have been assessed in Table 9, however, the Tunnel Boring Machine was considered the Contractor.

Table 9: Assessment of tunnel construction methods

Method Advantages Disadvantages  Low capital cost of equipment is likely to make it most cost effective  Shorter mobilization than tunnel Drill and Blast  Use of explosives during 1 boring machine (TBM) (D&B) construction (safety hazard)  Known technology  Longer construction program  Could work from both faces, giving flexibility and better programme certainty  Durability of rock bolts will be a Drill and Blast problem, hence long-term reliability. (D&B) one pass  Shorter construction programme Note that double corrosion protection 1.1 (i.e. no than 1.2 (DCP) rock bolts could be used, but secondary lining) handling is an issue during the excavation support phase.  High hydraulic roughness Drill and Blast (D&B) two pass  Better durability than 1.1 or 1.3  Longer construction programme than 1.2 with cast in-situ  Low hydraulic roughness 1.1 or 1.3 concrete lining  Higher capital cost than 1.1 or 1.3.

Drill and Blast (D&B) two pass,  Better construction programme than 1.3  High hydraulic roughness with DCP rock 1.2  Poorer durability than 1.2 bolts  Better reliability of durability than 1.1

Method Advantages Disadvantages  High capital cost for machinery  Long mobilization (potentially will need to build a new one, or refurbish and existing machine)  High power requirements  If TBM stops, all advance stops  Note: that a Contractor might have appropriate TBM available, in which case programme and cost TBM boring will cause less disturbance disadvantages could be negated. to the nearby Tunnel 1 than in case of the drill and blast excavation method.  installation of primary support is not immediate but only after the TBM Double shield TBM, as proposed by the passage (approx. 8 m from the face Contractor, is less subject to slowing of the tunnel); the advance rate when crossing lower  impossibility to inspect the front quality rock. Therefore, less probability during excavation; that construction period and project  certain reduction in possible cost being affected by poorer positions and geometry for soil geological conditions than estimated in treatment. Tunnel boring the FS. 2 machine (TBM) The following are the main types of  excavation speed (shorter action to mitigate risks within the tunnel construction program); and to ensure the normal progress of  work under complete safety the excavation process: conditions;  versatility of usage in different types  The TBM shall be provided with of materials; facility for probing ahead of the  possibility to perform consolidations tunnel face; of the rock in maximum security  The TBM shall have facility to allow  reaction time in case of high water for the stabilization of the exposed inflow and collapse tunnel surfaces and for controlling  ability to overtake faults and the inflow of ground water and thus fractured zones. to minimize water drawdown;  Ability to install steel sets and panels in faulted areas or in zones where rocks conditions are poor. This additional safety measure is a further step on risk’s mitigation as it protects the working areas and provide necessary support to the tunnel in cases where the geological condition becomes adverse.

Method Advantages Disadvantages TBM one pass 2.1 with full segment  Low hydraulic roughness  Will require segment casting yard – ring  Higher construction advance rate increasing land take and capital cost

 Weak ground requiring ribs will TBM one pass, reduce tunnel diameter, and rock with bolts and 2.2  No segment casting yard required bolt heads will be exposed, resulting sprayed in reduced hydraulic efficiency concrete  Durability of rock bolts will be a problem, hence long-term reliability TBM two pass,  Not worth the increased time and with full segment cost to be viable – the segmental 2.3 lining followed by lining is likely to have a much better cast in-situ flow performance (even with the bolt concrete lining pockets) than sprayed concrete anyway TBM two pass, with bolts and sprayed  Overcomes problem of varying 2.4 concrete diameter with ground conditions  Extends construction programme followed by cast  Overcomes need for segment in-situ concrete casting yard lining

TBM two pass, with bolts and sprayed concrete  As for 2.2, except durability issue 2.5  Slightly longer construction temporary addressed programme support, followed by DCP permanent bolts

Roadheader 3 construction  Advantages as for 1  Rock too hard to be viable

3.3.2. Cofferdam Options

72. Various cofferdam or construction options for tunnel portal have been reviewed (Table 10). The purpose of the structural analysis is to determine the tubular sheet pile requirement required for the cofferdam to resist the ground and water pressures during construction. These cofferdam option may be reviewed and considered by the Contractor.

Table 10: Assessment of cofferdam options

Cofferdam type Advantages Disadvantages

 Lack of structural stability subject to earth pressure in  Simple in handling and cantilever section Traditional sheet sourcing  Waling and strut may be pile (Z type or U  Low risk in installation required and the working type sheet pile)  Relatively water tight space will be comprised structure  Won’t take impact loads from waterborne craft – additional protection would be needed  Stable foundation is required for cofferdam to provide overall stability  Significant dredging would be required prior to placing the  Utilises local material wall, with resultant turbidity  Relatively cost-effective when Gabion wall issues compared to sheet pile in  Height and width of the small scale of project Gabion wall in this case will be significantly cost ineffective  Water leakage could cause adverse effects  Simple in handling and sourcing  Low risk in installation  The pile need to be sourced  Can be installed in rock layer from overseas by coring method or pre-drill  Special machines are method required for the coring or pre  Relatively watertight structure drill “press in” installation method Tubular sheet pile  Good in structure capacity for earth pressure without water  Relatively expensive when or strut for cantilever section compared to traditional sheet  Quiet installation if “press in” pile or Gabion wall machines are used  Won’t take impact loads from  Can take vertical load, and so waterborne craft – additional could be used to support protection would be needed. construction plant or a platform  The tunnel is under flood condition Tunnel piercing  No cofferdam is required  Lack of space for intake structures

3.4. Project Development Plan and Project Components

73. The proposed scheme will involve the construction of a fourth tunnel (Tunnel 4) and its associated structures, namely: intake structure; outlet structure, and channel connecting Tunnel 4 outlet portal to existing Aqueduct 5.

3.4.1. Tunnel

74. The proposed Tunnel 4 will be 6.4km long and 4.2m in diameter (finished internal diameter), lying within the MWSS ROW and adjacent to Tunnel 1, and running from Ipo reservoir (14° 52’ 22.97” N, 121° 8’ 53.34” E) to Bigte (at 14° 51’ 31.71” N, 121°5’ 29.35” E). Much of the tunnel will be located at depths from 100m to 150m below the ground surface, with a maximum depth of approximately 200m (Figure 7). The tunnel will have a precast concrete lining with steel reinforcement to ensure structural integrity and raw water flows in the long term.

Figure 7: Tunnel Profile

75. Significant consideration has been given to the siting of the new tunnel and portal. The existing MWSS ROW is on average 60m wide and centered on Tunnel 1. MWSS requires that the new tunnel should be within this ROW. The optimum tunnel site would also minimize disruption to the existing operations. Notwithstanding the above, the new tunnel intake should be located in the same general area as the existing intakes. Taking all the constraints into account, the most favourable location for Tunnel 4 intake lies upstream of the existing intakes and in an area where reservoir silting is minimal.

3.4.2. Intake Structure

76. The intake structure provides a conduit between the reservoir and the tunnel inlet portal located between the new and old Ipo Dams (14° 52’ 25.30” N, 121° 8’ 56.01” E). Such structure comprises a rectangular box with nominal dimensions of 10m wide and 18m long. A transition structure, approximately 10m long and 4m wide, allows for transition from the rectangular section to the circular profile at the tunnel. The intake structure invert is set at a relative elevation of 95.7m, nearly 5m below the normal reservoir operating level. The top deck is set at relative elevation of 103.5m. The intake structure includes a trash rack to control debris entering the tunnel, stop logs for closure and control or sluice gates to regulate the flow to the tunnel. The inlet works will be located at the depths of approximately 10m.

3.4.3. Outlet Structure

77. The outlet structure is located at the Bigte end of Tunnel 4 (14° 51’ 31.71” N, 121° 5’ 29.35”E) and provides a transition between the tunnel cross section and the channel that carries water to Aqueduct 5. The outlet structure comprises an uncovered rectangular basin 4m wide and 7m long, with an outlet invert elevation at about 92.3m.‐ There is also an observation deck for maintenance and operation. The outlet works will be located at the depths of approximately 8m.

3.4.4. Channel

78. The channel connects (or carries water from) Tunnel 4 outlet portal to the existing Aqueduct 5. Its alignment will generally follow the contour of the hill behind the existing Bigte basins. It is rectangular in section of 4m wide and 4.5m deep

Figure 8: Inlet Structure

Figure 9:Outlet Structure

3.5. Construction Support Facilities

79. Construction support facilities include CWAs and temporary spoil disposal area at the inlet and outlet

3.5.1. Contractor’s Work Area (CWA)

80. CWA is a piece of land that is not contiguous to the project footprint but is necessary to secure project offices, emergency first-response station, construction materials storage, explosive storage, equipment parking, and some necessary pre-fabrication and maintenance works. Outside the Project Offices, sanitation facilities, water supply systems, lighting and internal accesses will be provided for the other activities and works. The explosive storage area should be located and constructed in accordance with Rule 19 of the IRR of RA 8294. Preliminary CWA sites have been identified: i) In Segment 1, one CWA site near the intake structure. Access to the CWA will be on the landside through an existing narrow dirt road and on the waterside by using a barge. The existing dirt road will be widened under the project to facilitate mobility of workers and materials during construction. ii) In Segment 7, two CWA sites near the outlet. Access will be through an existing concrete road.

3.5.2. Temporary Spoil Disposal Area

81. Temporary spoil disposal area is a staging area for debris, spoils and residual soils from construction works. The temporary disposal area is at the MAPOL Quarry Site. The area has an approximate land area of 4 hectares, located at about 2km southeast from the MWSS Bigte Compound where outlet is located and source of the spoil. A river was found 300m southeast from the site. There is a community within 50m radius of the temporary disposal site.

Figure 10: Temporary Spoil Disposal Area

3.5.3. Ipo Road

82. The Ipo road is a two-lane concrete road from Bigte to Ipo dam Compound. It has sections that are winding; hence additional road signs along the road are needed as precautionary and safety measures. From site visit, the road is in good condition.

3.6. Project Duration and Schedule

83. Tunnel 4 is about 52-months, including 3.5 years for tunnel construction and 12-month defects notification period.

Table 11: Indicative Construction Program

IV. Description of the Environment 4.1. The Land

4.1.1. Topography and Soils

83. Brgy. San Mateo of the Municipality of Norzagaray, where the greater part of the alignment is located, is characterized by hilly to mountainous terrain whose elevation varies from 85masl to 250masl. Brgy. Bigte is characterized by a combination of flat to gently sloping areas and hilly lands with highest elevation of about 95masl. 84. The projected tunnel depth in Brgy. San Mateo is about 200m to 600mbelow ground (mbg) while in Bigte, the tunnel is at 50mbg. 85. Borehole samples were tested for heavy metals to determine if the excavated material which will be disposed in temporary spoil disposal sites may be above sediment quality standard. Adopted criteria used are based on the Thai Environmental Regulation for Habitat and Agriculture as there is no standard established in the Philippines. The results show the rock samples are within standards for heavy metals in soil.

Table 12: Borehole Sediment Quality

Adopted Sample code Unit BH 3 BH4 BH5 criteria Sampling date 20 July 2013 20 July 2013 20 July 2013 Depth (m) 15.5-17 31-32.5 27.5-29 Segment Segment 1 Segment 4 Segment 7 location Cadmium mg/kg 37 ND ND 0.3 Chromium mg/kg 300 5.7 9.7 11 Copper mg/kg 1,560 196 106 Iron mg/kg 84,400 30,900 2,140 Lead mg/kg 400 12 19 10 Manganese mg/kg 1800 371 576 48 Nickel mg/kg 1600 9 15 12 Zinc mg/kg 63 63 8.5

Figure 11: Projected Tunnel Geology and Ground Elevation

4.1.2. Geology

4.1.2.1. Ipo Dam

86. The dam site is underlain by the eocene-oligocene Bayabas Formation, an extensive bedded sequence of highly indurated sandstone, shale, chert and pyroclastics mainly agglomerate and welded tuff, and volcanic flows predominantly amygdaloidal basalt with associated minor andesite pillows sometimes framed by chert materials. Surface geology comprises agglomerates and basalts which are hard enough to form abutments for a concrete gravity dam though may require some grouting. 4.1.2.2. Ipo Inlet

87. The area around the Ipo inlet is underlain by the Bayabas Formation or specifically by the massive agglomerate and basalt which was observed to be hard to very hard when fresh. In situ weathering is slight to moderate with residual soil approximated to be no more than a meter deep, except when overlain by talus materials. Various fracture orientations with utmost two joint sets plus random could be present. Except for localized faults/shears, the tunnel will be in good ground with rock mass rating more than 50%. 4.1.2.3. Proposed Tunnel 4 Alignment

88. Tunnel 4 alignment passes through the Buenacop limestone upper member of the Madlum Formation, hence traverses for the most stretch of the tunnel in the middle part of same formation labeled as Alagao volcanics before going into the equally hard Bayabas Formation composed of agglomerate and basalts. 89. The area is underlain by the Bayabas Formation or specifically by the massive agglomerate and basalt which was observed to be hard to very hard when fresh. Joint set spacings could be from 1m to 2m. In situ weathering is slight to moderate with residual soil approximated to be no more than a meter deep, except when overlain by talus materials. Various fracture orientations with utmost two joint sets plus random could be present. 90. Except for localized faults/shears, the tunnel will be in good ground with rock mass rating more than 60%. Estimated rock quality categorized into good, moderate and bad rock could be 50%, 25% and 25%, respectively. No major problems are envisaged during tunnelling, this being the fourth tunnel to be constructed along this corridor. Expected groundwater flow can be relatively dry to moderate inflow.

Figure 12: Geology in the Study Area

4.1.2.4. Tunnel 4 Outlet at Bigte

91. The tunnel outlet at Bigte will be hard and massive limestone with fracture spacings more than 2m. Rock mass rating will be more than 60%, which means the rock material is a very good quality rock. 4.1.2.5. Bigte Interconnecting Basins

92. Like Tunnel 4 outlet, the lithology is limestone with minimal soil cover of no more than 2m. The soil profile is characterized by gravelly/bouldery silt with some clay and sand transported soil if not moderately weathered limestone. Groundwater levels are quite deep of more than 5m. 4.1.3. Ecological Resources

93. Flora and fauna surveys, including river ecology survey, have been carried out to characterize the project location in terms of ecological resources for each of the segments discussed in Section 1 of this report. Segments 1-7 are initially delineated as the direct impact areas. 4.1.3.1. Protected Areas

94. The MWSS tunnel ROW at the Ipo dam segment lies within the indicative boundaries of the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve and the Angat Watershed and Forest Range (Pilot) in the Ipo watershed. The Angat Watershed Forest Reserve, which covers about 55,707ha, is managed by National Power Corporation while the Angat Watershed and Forest Range and the Ipo watershed are managed by MWSS. The Angat Watershed Forest Reserve and the Angat Watershed and Forest Range are considered protected areas under Republic Act (RA) 7586, which is the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Act.

4.1.3.2. Terrestrial Ecology

4.1.3.3. Flora

95. Habitats in Segments 1 to 7 are a combination of brushland and agro-ecosystems, dominated by common fruit trees such as mango, santol, caimito and banana, interspersed by residential houses and other built-up areas such as community infrastructure sites. Segment 1, where the intake structure and temporary CWA will be located, is within the boundaries of the Angat Watershed and Forest Reserve, which is a protected area and the site where inlet structure will be located. Hence, a more detailed survey was carried out. 96. In Segment 1, a total of 75 species were recorded, of which 38 were classified as trees, 16 shrub species, 20 herbaceous species and 1 bamboo species. From the total, 18 are agricultural crops and the rest are brushland species with two to three species forest/timber species. Of the tree species, 12 are agricultural crops and the rest of the trees are pioneer species common in brushland and other secondary vegetation. 97. The vegetation in Segment 1 is co-dominated by bamboo known as buho alongside with agricultural crops like mango, coconut, banana and caimito and some other tree pioneers associated with secondary vegetation such as binunga and alagasi. Some forest trees like Taluto (Pterocymbium tinctorium), a medium diameter tree, were also recorded but only a few were found. 98. In Segments 2 to 7, a total of 69 species were recorded, of which 44 were classified as trees, four shrub species, 18 herbaceous species and three bamboo species. From the total, 20 species were either agricultural crops (17 species) or tree plantation crop (three species). 99. As the area is an agro-ecosystem type, the vegetation is expectedly dominated by agricultural crops like mango, coconut, banana and caimito. The areas under fallow and currently non- cultivated areas are dominated by brush and weed species such as alim, binunga, hagonoy and dita, among others.

Photo 4: Raintree and Mahogany-Dominated Vegetation in Bigte Proposed as Contractor’s Work Area

Photo 5: Tree-Dominated Vegetation (Raintree and Balete) in Bigte Tunnel Outlet

Photo 6: Brushland Vegetation in Segment 2

Photo 7: Residential Subdivision and Cultivated Area cum Brushland in Segment 3

Photo 8: Brushland Vegetation in Segment 7 above the Tunnel Outlet in Bigte

Photo 9: Open-type Vegetation in Bigte Proposed for Contractor’s Work Area

100. One threatened species was recorded such as narra (Pterocarpus indicus) classified as vulnerable by the IUCN. Three individuals with diameters of 80cm, 221cm and 248cm were found in the MWSS Bigte Portal. 4.1.3.4. Fauna

101. Birds. A total of 470 individuals representing 60 species of birds were recorded during transects across the five sampling sites. At least 33 species are non-endemic resident breeders, whereas 21 species are endemic to the Philippines. Also, at least four species are considered as restricted to Luzon Island, namely: the Luzon Tarictic (Penelopides manillae), scale-feathered Malcoha (Phaenicophaeus cumingi), red-crested Malcoha (Phaenicophaeus supercillosus), and the gray- backed tailorbird (Orthothomus derbianus). Most endemic species recorded are strongly associated (with highest abundance) with forest habitats, especially at Segment 1 (CWA, Site 1), Isla Puting Bato where vegetation is dominated by early to mature second-growth forest; these sites have 13 and 12 endemic species, respectively. The proposed spoil disposal area (Site 2) and Isla Puting Bato (Site 3) have isolated aggregates of early second growth forest (mostly dominated by pioneer plant species) and expectedly would harbor a substantial number of endemics as well (nine and seven species, respectively). Segments 5-6 (Site 4) has only two species of endemics and the rest of its avian diversity are strongly associated with open habitats.

102. Mammals. From mist-netting, trapping, ocular evidences, and interviews with local guides, a total of 12 species of mammals were recorded in all five sampling sites (see Appendix 5). This total comprised of four species of bats, four species of rodents, one macaque, and one civet. Two mammal’s species are considered as endemics, the Musky fruit bat (Ptenochirus jagori), and an unidentified shrew rat of the genus Chrotomys (captured by hand at Ipo CWA). Five species are considered as residents, including the three species of bats (Cynopterus, Rousettus, and Tylonycteris), and the macaque Macaca fascicularis (known to occur at Ipo CWA, Isla Puting Bato and MWSS Bigte Portal), and the Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) whose presence was based on fecal matter seen at Sites 1 and 5. The three invasive pest species recorded were all rodents, and are known to inflict damage to crops, reside in houses and adjacent vegetation, and carry infectious diseases such as Leptospirosis. Virtually all of these invasive, pest rodents occur at all the five sampling sites. 103. Amphibians and Reptiles. A total of five species of amphibians and seven species of reptiles were recorded within the four sampling sites. No survey was done along Segments 5 to 6 as effort was concentrated on bird survey. The lone endemic frog, Platymantis minulus, is a Luzon endemic and usually restricted to forest habitats; this species was recorded only at Ipo CWA. Two resident frog species, Fejervarya cancrivora and Polypedates leucomystax, are common inhabitants of open areas and early secondary growth forest. Two invasive species, Rhinella marina and Kaloula pulchra, are strongly associated with human habitation and open areas. These two invasive species were present in Sites 1 and 5; it is highly likely that they are also present in other sites. 104. Anthropods. Above-ground sweeping and soil-litter sampling of arthropods within the project site resulted in a total of 642 individual arthropods representing 14 orders and 69 families recorded (Appendix 5.8). The most represented order (in terms of number of member families) were Coleoptera (beetles) and Diptera (flies) with 15 families each, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and Orthoptera (grasshoppers) with six families, and Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps) with five families. Much of the total abundance was attributed to only three orders, which accounted for more than 70% of the total number of recorded individuals. These were Hymenoptera with 218 individuals, Diptera with 180 individuals, and Lepidoptera with 73 individuals. Among the most dominant families were Formicidae (ants - O.Hymenoptera) with 211 individuals, Psychodidae (moth flies - O. Diptera) with 72 individuals, Sciaridae (fungus gnats - O. Diptera) with 69 individuals, and Nymphalidae (butterflies - O.Lepidoptera) with 35 individuals. 105. Species Conservation Significance. At least nine species present in the project area were chosen as noteworthy based on several characteristics: (1) restricted to Greater Luzon Biogeographic Region, (2) listed as globally threatened by IUCN, and (3) heavily exploited for food or taken as household pets. Five species of birds are noteworthy of which four are endemic to Luzon (already mentioned) whereas two species are classified as threatened species. The Luzon Tarictic and the Philippine Eagle Owl (Bubo philippensis) are classified as near-threatened and vulnerable, respectively. All of these noteworthy avian species were recorded at Ipo CWA and Isla Puting Bato. 106. Two species of mammals, the shrew rat Chrotomys sp. and the long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) deserve special mention as the former is probably confined within Luzon (as most of its congeners are), and that the latter is heavily hunted either as food or as pets. The long- tailed Macaque is also listed in the CITES.

107. Platymantis mimulus is known only from a very few localities on Luzon Island. It is a poorly known species, with information on ecology, reproduction, and population severely lacking. The monitor lizard Varanus marmoratus is heavily hunted across its known distribution.

4.2. The Air

4.2.1. Air Quality

108. Air quality and ambient noise levels in the study area were monitored from 30 July to 2 August 2013 (wet season) and 2-5 June 2014 (dry season). 109. There are no major sources of air pollution in the study area, which is largely given over to rural land uses. The ambient air quality sampled at Ipo dam site, San Mateo Barangay Hall and Bigte portal are within the DENR ambient air quality standards. The results are presented in Table 13.

Table 13: Ambient Air Quality Results

AT- A AT- A Sa AT- A AT- A Near AT A AT A Mateo Near MWSS Sa Mateo MWSS Ipo Da Ipo Da Baragay Bigte Baragay Test DENR Reportig Bigte site site Paraeter Saplig ethod Uits Hall property Hall ethod stadards liits property - Aug - Jue Jul- - Jue - Jue - Aug Jul Wet seaso Dry seaso Filtatio ethod y TSP Flae AAS . µg/N . . . . . . high-volue saple Asoptio i liuids fo gaseous pollutats - SO Flae AAS . µg/N . . . . . . Kioto Bad saple Asoptio i liuids fo gaseous pollutats - NO Flae AAS . µg/N . . . . . . Kioto Bad saple Filtatio ethod y PM Flae AAS µg/N . . . . . high-volue saple Filtatio ethod y P Flae AAS N/A . µg/N ND ND ND ND ND ND high-volue saple Diet ead out CO Flae AAS N/A . µg/N . . ND ND ND ND aalyze

4.2.2. Noise Level

110. Main sources of noise in the study area arise from people, animals/insects (i.e. birds, dogs, crickets), vehicles, and wind. Noise level at the project site was measured using a digital sound level meter (precision type). Noise levels in Brgy. San Mateo and the Ipo dam site are all within the DENR limits and are typical of day-time noise levels in rural areas. There is a slight noise level exceedance observed in Bigte during the night-time (1900-2100). Results are presented in Tables 14 to 17.

Table 14: Noise Level Monitoring Results at MWSS Property Brgy. Bigte (Wet Season)

DENR standard maximum Sampling time / Date Class C (dB) allowable noise level Remarks Class C, dB 1057-1257 / 30 July 2013 61.6 70 Passed 1257-1257 / 30 July 2013 61.1 70 Passed 1457-1657 / 30 July 2013 59.5 65 Passed 1657-1857 / 30 July 2013 55.3 65 Passed 1857-2057 / 30 July 2013 66.5 60 Exceeded 2057-2257 / 30 July 2013 52.5 60 Passed 2257- 0057 / 30-31 July 2013 52.3 60 Passed 0057-0257 / 31 July 2013 43.6 60 Passed 0257-0457 / 31 July 2013 42.5 65 Passed 0457-0657 / 31 July 2013 64.0 65 Passed 0657-0857 / 31 July 2013 62.6 70 Passed 0857-1057 / 31 July 2013 68.2 70 Passed ***Category “C”: A section primarily zoned or used as a light industrial area 0900H – 1800 H 70 dB (Daytime)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 1800H – 2200 H 60 dB (Evening)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 2200H – 0500 H 65 dB (Nigh time)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 0500H – 0900 H 60 dB (Morning)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] Note: Monitoring was conducted on a 2-hour interval. In practice, the start of sampling time is used as the basis for noise divisions.

Table 15: Noise Level Monitoring Results at MWSS Property Brgy. Bigte (Dry Season)

Near MWSS 100 m from 200 m from 500 m from Bigte the MWSS DENR standard maximum MWSS Bigte MWSS Bigte Property Bigte Sampling Sampling allowable noise level Near Date Time MWSS Bigte Salonga Brgy Bigte Minuyan and Portal Property Proper Bigte Creek Class C (dB) Class A (dB) Class C (dB) Class A (dB) Class A (dB) Class A (dB) 2- Jun – 14 10:00 – 12:00 70.00 55.00 62.50 63.30 66.00 65.80 2- Jun – 14 12:00 – 14:00 70.00 55.00 62.00 60.30 62.40 63.10 2- Jun – 14 14:00 – 16:00 70.00 55.00 57.90 52.50 61.60 64.20 2- Jun – 14 16:00 – 18:00 70.00 55.00 65.20 64.80 63.20 65.70 Average 61.90 60.23 63.30 64.70 (daytime) 2- Jun – 14 18:00 – 20:00 65.00 50.00 55.90 54.60 56.60 63.30 2- Jun – 14 20:00 – 22:00 65.00 50.00 57.50 54.60 54.00 62.30 Average 56.70 54.60 54.00 62.30 (evening) 2- Jun – 14 22:00 – 24:00 60.00 45.00 51.80 51.70 51.20 52.80 3- Jun – 14 00:00 – 02:00 60.00 45.00 43.00 46.60 42.60 57.20 3- Jun – 14 02:00 – 04:00 60.00 45.00 43.70 46.60 44.00 58.70 3- Jun – 14 04:00 – 06:00 60.00 45.00 46.30 43.00 46.80 57.98 Average 46.20 46.98 46.15 57.98 (night) 3- Jun – 14 06:00 – 08:00 65.00 50.00 48.90 56.90 59.10 63.70 3- Jun – 14 08:00 – 10:00 65.00 50.00 56.00 58.20 60.50 64.60 Average 52.45 57.55 59.80 64.15 (morning) ***Category “A”: A section which is primarily a residential area 0900H – 1800 H 65 dB (Daytime)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 1800H – 2200 H 60 dB (Evening)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 2200H – 0500 H 55 dB (nighttime)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 0500H – 0900 H 60 dB (Morning)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] Note: Monitoring was conducted on a 2-hour interval. In practice, the start of sampling time is used as the basis for noise divisions.

***Category “C”: A section primarily zoned or used as a light industrial area 0900H – 1800 H 70 dB (Daytime)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 1800H – 2200 H 60 dB (Evening)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 2200H – 0500 H 65 dB (nighttime)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 0500H – 0900 H 60 dB (Morning)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] Note: Monitoring was conducted on a 2-hour interval. In practice, the start of sampling time is used as the basis for noise divisions.

Table 16: Noise Level Monitoring Results at Brgy. Hall San Mateo (Wet Season)

DENR Standard maximum Sampling Time / Date Class C (dB) Remarks allowable noise level

1250-1450 / 31 July 2013 66.8 70 Passed 1450-1650 / 31 July 2013 60.9 70 Passed 1650-1850 / 31 July 2013 64.2 65 Passed 1850-2050 / 31 July 2013 59.4 65 Passed 2050-2250 / 31 July 2013 61.4 60 Passed 2250-0050/ 31 July-1 Aug 2013 54.2 60 Passed 0050-0250 / 1 Aug 2013 47.5 60 Passed 0250-0450 / 1 Aug 2013 43.9 60 Passed 0450-0650 / 1 Aug 2013 51.6 65 Passed 0650-085 / 1 Aug 2013 64.0 65 Passed 0850-1050 / 1 Aug 2013 63.6 70 Passed 1050-1250 / 1 Aug 2013 62.2 70 Passed ***Category “C”: A section primarily zoned or used as a light industrial area 0900H – 1800 H 70 dB (Daytime)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 1800H – 2200 H 60 dB (Evening)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 2200H – 0500 H 65 dB (nighttime)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 0500H – 0900 H 60 dB (Morning)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] Note: Monitoring was conducted on a 2-hour interval. In practice, the start of sampling time is used as the basis for noise divisions.

Table 17: Noise Level Monitoring Results at Brgy. Hall San Mateo (Dry Season)

DENR standard San Mateo Barangay maximum allowable Sampling Date Sampling Time Hall Remarks noise level Class C (dB) Class C (dB) 4- Jun – 14 15:30 – 17:30 70.00 63.00 Passed 4- Jun – 14 17:30 – 19:30 70.00 61.70 Passed 4- Jun – 14 19:30 – 21:30 65.00 62.40 Passed 4- Jun – 14 21:30 – 23:30 65.00 60.00 Passed 4- 5 Jun – 14 23:30 – 01:30 60.00 55.90 Passed 5- Jun – 14 01:30 – 03:30 60.00 46.20 Passed 5- Jun – 14 03:30 – 05:30 60.00 42.60 Passed 5- Jun – 14 05:30 – 07:30 65.00 56.50 Passed 5- Jun – 14 07:30 – 09:30 65.00 61.30 Passed 5- Jun – 14 09:30 – 11:30 70.00 64.70 Passed 5- Jun – 14 11:30 – 13:30 70.00 61.70 Passed 5- Jun – 14 13:30 – 15:30 70.00 61.80 Passed ***Category “C”: A section primarily zoned or used as a light industrial area 0900H – 1800 H 70 dB (Daytime)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 1800H – 2200 H 60 dB (Evening)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 2200H – 0500 H 65 dB (nighttime)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 0500H – 0900 H 60 dB (Morning)[Maximum allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] Note: Monitoring was conducted on a 2-hour interval. In practice, the start of sampling time is used as the basis for noise divisions.

4.3. Water

4.3.1. Climate

111. The project area climate falls under Type I climate of the modified coronas classification characterized as having two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. Typhoons have greatly affected the climate and weather conditions in the area. An annual average of nine typhoons (1948-2004) made landfall or crossed the country, the majority of which hit Luzon Island where the project is located. 112. Climate trends were analysed by DOST PAGASA using available observed data from 1951 to 2009 with the average for 1971 as the reference value. Table 18 and 19 summarizes seasonal temperature and rainfall for the recent baseline (1971 to 2000) with future projections for Bulacan Province to 2065. At present, the temperature is equitable all-year round, with slightly higher temperatures in the dry season from March to May and prior to the main summer rains. The mean annual rainfall is about 2,385mm, with the maximum rainfall falling from June to August and least amount of rain observed from December to May. Future trends indicate an increase in mean monthly temperature of about 2°C by 2065, and an increase in annual rainfall to about 2,470mm with a seasonal shift to a more peaked rainfall distribution in the three summer months from June to August.

Table 18: Projected Temperature and Rainfall Change in Bulacan Province (Seasonal increase in temperature and rainfall)

Observed baseline Change in 2020 Change in 2050

Year 1971-2000 2006-2035 2036-2065 Months DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON Seasonal increase 25.60 27.90 27.10 26.70 26.50 29.00 28.00 27.70 27.50 30.00 28.80 28.60 in temperature Seasonal rainfall 212.40 288.90 1041.40 842.10 221.32 288.24 1042.73 841.86 184.36 183.74 1287.17 814.31 change

Table 19: Projected Temperature and Rainfall Change in Bulacan Province (Frequency on Extreme Events)

Provinces Stations No of Days w/ Tmax > 35°C No. of dry days No. of days with rainfall >200mm OBS 2020 2050 OBS 2020 2050 OBS 2020 2050 (1971- (1971- (1971- 2000) 2000) 2000) Frequency Manila Science 1095 1984 3126 7476 6302 6220 9 13 17 of extreme garden event Source: Climate Change in the Philippines, February 2011, DOST-PAGASA

113. The study by DOST-PAGASA (Table 6b) predicted that the number of days with a maximum temperature greater than 35°C would almost double in the period 2006-2035 and triple in the period 2036-2065, compared with the baseline (1971-2000). The study also predicted that the number of dry days would decrease over the coming 50 years compared with the baseline with 7,476 days, falling to 6,302 between 2006 and 2035, and decreasing to 6,220 dry days in the period 2036-2065. There is also forecast to be a slight increase in the number of days with

rainfall greater than 200mm from nine days for the baseline, to 13 days in 2006-2035, and 17 days in 2036-2065. 4.3.2. Seismology

114. Very little seismic data are available for the project area. The West Valley Fault (WVF) trace has been mapped fairly well and one study has been undertaken to establish seismic design parameters for the La Mesa dam, intake structures and spillway. However, only general results such as earthquake magnitude and peak ground acceleration (PGA) are available. In addition, available data suggest that the WVF trace runs roughly parallel to an average of 10km from the Angat Water Transmission Improvement System. It has been estimated that the WVF cangenerate a magnitude 7.2 to 7.4 event with a corresponding peak ground acceleration of approximately 0.67g.

Figure 13: Surface Water Quality and River Ecology Sampling Stations at Ipo Watershed

4.3.3. Hydrology and Surface Water Resources

115. The extensive area of the watershed results in a large volume run-off that is temporarily retained upstream of Angat dam although there are times when the water level rises to critical levels necessitating the release of extra run-off into the Angat river system. Releases from Angat dam, together with inflows from several small tributaries, flow into Ipo reservoir. 116. The low-lying embankment west of Brgy. Poblacion of Municipality of Norzagaray within the vicinity of Matictic Bridge is usually submerged under water if Angat dam releases water. During high volume rainfall, the areas on the western side of the river further downstream are also submerged from the run-off drained by Bayabas River that feeds into Angat River. These two areas are expected to be regularly inundated, and increasingly so in the future with the more intense rainfall events due to climate change. The rolling topography of the rest of the municipality with pockets of flat lands contributes to the concentration of extensive and regular flooding in these two areas.

4.3.3.1. Surface Water Quality of the Angat Upper Reach

117. The Angat Upper Reach between Angat dam and Ipo dam is classified as Class B fresh surface water. This means that the river water quality is suitable for primary contact recreation such as bathing, swimming, and skin diving, particularly those designated for tourism purposes.

Figure 14: Average Turbidity Level at Ipo Dam 118. Water quality sampling and rapid site assessment were undertaken on 22 May 2013. Water samples were collected by grab sampling technique from eight sampling points from 5km upstream of Ipo dam to0.8km downstream. A suit of samples was collected from Angat River in the Municipality of Angat. The sampling points are shown in Table 20. 119. The in situ and laboratory results confirmed that the water quality is within the Class B standards for fresh surface water. Elevated fecal and total coliform are reported at the Ipo dam site and downstream of Ipo dam. These elevated measures can be attributed to settlements found near the dam site and downstream which is due to poor sanitation practices of the community. 120. Based on a one-year turbidity measurement made by CPF, it can be observed that the turbidity levels are high during the wet season. Table 20: Surface Water Quality in Angat River (Upstream and Downstream of Ipo Dam)

Angat River Parameter, Adopte Downstrea IPO IPO IPO IPO mg/L (unless d Reference IPO4 IPO3 IPO2 IPO1 m US2 stated) Criteria US1 DS1 DS2 (Municipalit y of Angat)

22 22 May 22 May 22 May 22 May 22 May 22 May 22 May Sampling date/ May 25 Aug 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 15:35 time 14:48 15:24 15:34 15:47 15:57 16:46 16:30 15:07 Physical Characteristics

Stabilizing Temp (°C) parameter 28.88 29.73 30.20 28.60 29.90 29.48 31.95 31.63 25.80

Angat River Parameter, Adopte Downstrea IPO IPO IPO IPO mg/L (unless d Reference IPO4 IPO3 IPO2 IPO1 m US2 stated) Criteria US1 DS1 DS2 (Municipalit y of Angat)

22 22 May 22 May 22 May 22 May 22 May 22 May 22 May Sampling date/ May 25 Aug 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 2013/ 15:35 time 14:48 15:24 15:34 15:47 15:57 16:46 16:30 15:07

Parameter not Salinity (%) included in 4.55 10.44 9.98 9.47 9.82 9.83 9.78 9.76 14.10 DAO90-34

Electric Cond. stabilizing 7.00 6.00 4.00 9.00 11.00 8.00 8.00 5.00 220.30 (µS/cm) parameter

Turbidity (NTU) 5 DAO 90-34 71.08 163.13 155.90 147.90 153.45 153.60 152.80 152.55 63.70

TDS 500 DAO 90-34 3.41 2.67 59.11 11.45 12.54 25.84 7.67 5.21 174.80

Inorganic and Non-metallic Constituents

pH 6.5 - 8.5 DAO 90-34 7.88 7.88 8.23 7.69 8.16 8.04 8.30 8.35 7.60

ORP (mV) 10 stabilizing 188.25 227.25 174.63 200.50 200.25 213.50 98.38 211.00 211.00 parameter

Parameter not - Nitrogen (as NO3 ) included in <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.02 <0.02 DAO90-34 Phosphorus (as 3- 0.4 DAO 90-34 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 PO4 ) Organic and Biological Constituents

BOD5 10 DAO 90-34 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Dissolved Oxygen 6.5 – 8.5 DAO 90-34 8.90 8.15 8.89 8.52 8.43 8.69 8.75 6.25 Fecal Coliform 200 DAO 90-34 22 36 181.50 66.00 245 150 81.50 210 3,500 (MPN/100mL) Total Coliform 1000 DAO 90-34 325.00 191.50 1,774.50 8,120.00 2,450.00 2,2210.00 1,260.00 4,870.00 5,400 (MPN/100mL)

Oil and Grease 2 DAO 90-34 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.40 0.60 0.70 0.60 0.50 Heavy Metals Antimony (Sb) 0.005 DAO 90-34 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Arsenic (As) 0.01 DAO 90-34 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Cadmium (Cd) 0.003 DAO 90-34 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 Copper (Cu) 1 DAO 90-34 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Lead (Pb) 0.01 DAO 90-34 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04

Mercury (Hg) 0.001 DAO 90-34 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001

Nickel (Ni) 0.075 WHO <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Vanadium (V) 0.075 WHO <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

Zinc (Zn) 5 DAO 90-34 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Bromide 4.1 2 2.6 1.6 2.5 6.7 2.5 1.6 not measured

4.3.3.2. Surface Water Quality at Bigte and Sta. Maria River

121. Surface water samples were collected from Bigte Creek during rainy season (August 2013). Samples were collected employing grab sampling technique from Bigte River, the creek near the MWSS property, and Sta. Maria River. Based on Class B surface water criteria, elevated measures were reported for turbidity, color, and total coliforms at all sites. Phosphorus and BOD are seen to have slightly elevated measures in Sta. Maria River.

Table 21: Surface Water Quality in Bigte River and Sta. Maria River

Parameter, mg/L SW2 SW03 SW Sta. Maria (Unless Stated) Adopted Criteria At Bigte, Bigte river, sampling (Class B, ) with the Sta. Maria Description site is near the Salonga River bridge Property Physical Characteristics laundry, laundry, Water use swimming, swimming, domestic domestic Temp (°C) 26-30 26.85 27.00 27.30 Salinity (%) 65 27.69 14.06 15.74 TSS 86 10.00 657.00 Electric Cond. (mS/cm) 432.7 219.70 246.00 Turbidity (NTU) 5 62.00 12.60 51.40 Colour (Apparent, PCU) 5 100 20.00 500.00 TDS 500 285.95 141.10 158.00 Inorganic and Nonmetallic Constituents pH 6.5 - 8.5 7.65 8.33 8.20 ORP (mV) 201 211.00 187.00 Nitrogen (as NO ¯) 7 0.4 0.2 0.1

Phosphorus (as PO ³¯) 0.5 0.2 0.08 0.7 Organic and Biological Constituents Dissolved Oxygen 5 13.40 22.5 not measured BOD5 5 3 2 14 COD 9.9 9.8 49

Faecal Coliform 100 24,000 9,200 920,000 (MPN/100mL) Total Coliform 1000 240,000 92,000 920,000 (MPN/100mL) Oil and Grease 1 0.3 0.3 <0.3 Heavy Metals Antimony (Sb) 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Parameter, mg/L SW2 SW03 SW Sta. Maria (Unless Stated) Adopted Criteria At Bigte, Bigte river, sampling (Class B, ) with the Sta. Maria Description site is near the Salonga River bridge Property Arsenic (As) 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Cadmium (Cd) 0.003 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 Chromium (hexavalent, 0.01 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 Cr(VI)) Copper (Cu) 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 Lead (Pb) 0.01 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 Manganese (Mn) 0.2 0.07 0.07 0.4 Mercury (Hg) 0.001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 Nickel (Ni) 0.04 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Vanadium (V) 0.075 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Zinc (Zn) 2 <0.02 <0.02 0.1

Figure 15: Surface Water and Groundwater Sampling Stations along Tunnel Segments

4.3.4. Groundwater

122. Based on the Groundwater Availability Map of the Philippines, the project area is underlain by impermeable rocks with limited potential for groundwater resource. The geology varies from rocks without any known significant groundwater obtained through drilled wells to rock with limited potential to moderate permeability. Shallow water yields of less than 0.01L/s to 0.03L/s. Groundwater quality is soft to moderately hard. 123. The information on groundwater use in the project area is very limited. Communities are getting their drinking water supply from the local water district (LWUA, Local Water Utilities Administration) and distributed by water trucks or shallow wells. 124. Groundwater wells registered at the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) include two Norzagaray water district wells in Brgys. Partida and Matictic in the Municipality of Norzagaray, Province of Bulacan with 31.95m and 8.11m pumping water level, respectively. 125. Data on groundwater levels were also obtained from 10 boreholes drilled within the project area. The 2013 borehole report shows that the water table is found in Segment 4 at about 4.5mbg; Segment 6 at about 15.5mbg and Segment 7 at 9.5mbg. Table 22: 2013 Borehole and Water Table

Borehole Elevation Depth as drilled Depth to water Location Remarks no. (masl) meters table River hole. Bedrock not reached River hole; no BH-1 82.469 16 - (Segment 1) measurement of water River hole. Bedrock reached River hole; no BH-1A 25.5 - (Segment 1) measurement of water BH-2 Intake Area (Tunnel) (Segment 1) 98.969 Not drilled Not drilled - BH-3 Tunnel (Segment 1) 142.015 25 15.10 - BH-4 Tunnel (Segment 4) 248.156 45 4.5 - BH-4A Tunnel (Segment 6) 40 15.5 - Upstream, Tunnel Outlet Portal BH-5 122.746 30 - Hole dry (Segment 7) BH-6 Tunnel Outlet Portal (Segment 7) 97.189 20 8.45 -

BH-7 Connecting Channel (Segment 7) 96.139 16.5 - Hole dry

BH-8 Connecting Channel (Segment 7) 97.849 12 9.5 *Chromium (total) maximum value. No value on hexavalent chromium

4.3.5. Freshwater Ecology

126. Sampling sites of the freshwater ecology cover two general areas that are perceived to be the ‘impact’ areas of the proposed project: (a) within the vicinity of Ipo dam where the intake channel would be located and (b) within the vicinity of Bigte river where the exit tunnel construction would be located. In each of these sites a 50m stream length was designated as the sampling area. These sampling sites are presented in Table 25.

Table 23: River Ecology Sampling Stations

August May 2014 2013 General Remarks Sampling Sampling Site 1 1po Lake Site 1. Ipo IPO US2 upstream (1L-US) Dam upstream 8/23/2013; 1050h; sampling after storm Maring; cloudy; with few hours of sunlight in the morning but with light to heavy rains in the late afternoon and evening. Sampling about 100m from the Angat spillway; depth about 3m; molluscan fauna are lesser in number; stone and rocks with few insects; 50m downstream with stony muddy substrate; reported by fishermen - tilapia, carp, kanduli, biya, halfbeaks, gourami.

5/22/2014; sampling about 100m from the Angat spillway; depth about 3m; predominantly stony/rocky lake banks and 50meters downstream with stony muddy substrate. Site 2 Ipo Lake Site 2. 1po IPO US1 midstream (IL-MS) Dam midstream 8/23/2013; banks with generally good vegetation cover but with one area observed to be recently eroded; with human habitation in relatively flat areas.

5/22/2014; banks with generally good vegetation cover but with one eroded area seen in August 2013 still is eroded; with human habitation in relatively flat areas. Site 3 Ipo Lake IPO 4 SapangMunti (IL- SM) 5/22/2014; relatively shallow, some areas with submerged grass vegetation; sandy muddy substrate. Site 4 Ipo Lake Site 3. Ipo IPO 1,2,3 Dam Site(IL-D) Dam site 8/23/2013; banks with infrastructure generally with good vegetation cover; proposed tunnel inlet site,

5/22/2014; banks with infrastructure generally with good vegetation cover; proposed tunnel inlet site

August May 2014 2013 General Remarks Sampling Sampling Site 5 Angat river Site 4. IPO DS1 below Ipo Dam Angat below Site (AR-D) Ipo Dam 8/23/2013; substratum stony-rocky with boulders; water murky; with about 50m.

5/22/2014; substratum stony-rocky with boulders; water greenish; with about 50m; human habitation with a number of domestic animals; fish sampling was done in 5/23/2014. Site 6 Angat 1km IPO DS2 down-stream of Site 4 (AR-DS) 5/22/2014; substratum stony-rocky with boulders; water murky; with about 50m; fish sampling was done in 5/23/2014 Site 7 Angat River IPO DS5 at Bitbit Bridge (AR-BB) 5/23/2014;substratum stony-rocky with boulders; water clear; shallow; within a river resort establishment Site 8 Angat at Sta Site 7. Angat Cruz, Angat (AR- Angat River A) at Angat 8/23/2013;main channel of Angat River in Angat town

5/23/2014; main channel of Angat River in Sta. Cruz, Angat town; urban area in one bank and agricultural land in the other; multi-purpose domestic use observed. Site 9 Bigte Site 5. Bigte SW BIGTE 1 tributary along River Manila Water Bldg tributary 8/23/2013;Small stream in the old seedling site of MWSS; (BR-MW) stream joins Bigte River about 15m downstream; gravel- sand-mud substrate; proposed tunnel outlet site.

5/23/2014; small stream in the old seedling site of MWSS; stream joins Bigte River about 15m downstream; gravel- sand-mud substrate; proposed tunnel outlet site. Site 10 Bigte River AT4 SW2 under Bigte Bridge (BR-BB) 5/23/2014; perceptively influenced by domestic and commercial waste; water dark and smelly; substratum of cement slabs for most part. Site 11 Sta Maria Site 6. San STA MARIA under San Jose Jose River bridge (SM-S1) bridge 8/23/2013; Sta. Maria River underneath the bridge in San Jose del Monte in Bulacan; Bigte River is a tributary of this channel. 5/23/2014; San Jose River underneath the Sta. Maria Bridge in Bigte; just after Bigte River joins it. Site 12 Sta Maria TOWNVILLE Townsville (SM- TV) 5/23/2014; San Jose River in Townsville; about 1km upstream of Site 11.

104. In all sites, the phytoplankton is predominant to the zooplankton. There were 21 phytoplankton genera collected and identified compared to five zooplankton taxa. Plankton thrive best in relatively still waters; thus, the lake sites have relatively higher indices. 105. No insect larva was collected in the suitable environments. Macrobenthic insects usually prefer a hard substratum. The conditions in the dam sites do not generally satisfy this requirement. With the large quantity and the turbidity of water, this becomes a stressful environment for aquatic macro-benthic insects. In the river sites, the increase flow and volume of water can easily displace these organisms from their habitat. 106. Collected molluscs are typical and comparable to those found all over the Philippines. Of the molluscan species collected, Brotia asperata and Corbicula manilensis are also collected for table consumption by the locals. 107. The shrimp and crab fauna are still relatively species poor with only four genera present, Macrobrachium, Atyopsis, Caridina, and Varuna. Almost all taxa were present in the sites where fish sampling was also done. The catch is small, just about 100g. 108. Seventeen species of fishes were collected from the sites. More species were collected in the lake waters, with the predominance of tilapia and ayungin in the catch. Because of the unfavourable weather conditions, a less than systematic sampling could only be done.

4.4. People

4.4.1. Population and Communities

109. The Municipality of Norzagaray, where the water transmission line (Tunnel 4) will be constructed, is in the southeast of Bulacan bordering the Municipality of Montalban, Rizal Province. It is bound on the north by the Municipality of Doña Remedios Trinidad, by the Municipalities of Angat and Sta. Maria in the west and by the City of San Jose del Monte in the southwest. It is part of the third congressional District of Bulacan together with Angat, San Rafael, San Ildefonso and San Miguel, all on the eastern side of Bulacan. 110. More than one-third of the municipality ‘s land area is within Angat watershed that was delineated through Proclamation 71 dated 10 March 1927 covering a total area of some 62,310ha of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range in the Province of Bulacan and Nueva Ecija. The Angat and Ipo dams are located in the watershed boundary. The dams are notable for being a major water and power supply for Metro Manila. 111. Norzagaray belongs to the third district of Bulacan and is classified as 1st class municipality. It has a total land area of about 288.52km² (Table 24).

Table 24: Municipal Profile of Norzagaray, Bulacan

Founded 1857

Total of barangays 13

Total area 288.52km²

Population 2010 103,095

Density 360 km²

District 3rd District

Income class 1st Class

Regional classification Region 3

112. At present, Norzagaray is divided into 13 barangays with an estimated total land area of some 30,819ha, excluding some 1,607ha contested with Doña Remedios Trinidad and San Jose del Monte. Brgy. San Mateo is the second largest in terms of land area representing 24.13% while Bigte is the 9th largest representing 1.89% of the total municipal land area.

Table 25: Population/Growth Rate of Norzagaray, Bulacan

Year Population ±% p.a - 1995 51,015 8.58 2000 76,978 4.60 2007 105,470 -0.76 2010 103,095

113. Between 1995 and 2007, the municipal population was more than double. This was the result of the relocation programs of the national government, the populations of Brgys. Tigbe and Bitungol increased rapidly between 1995 and2000 primarily due to migration toward the resettlement sites of North Village Housing (NVH) and Friendship Village Resources (FVR). On average, 2,226 persons annually relocated into Norzagaray between 2000 and 2007. This caused undue burden for the local government unit (LGU) to provide for the increase demand for social services and facilities. 114. Norzagaray is a net in-migration area from 2000 to 2007 (NCSO/Municipal Civil Registrar Office). In 2010, however, population slightly decreased due to out-migration. There are significant number of laborers and unskilled workers among the employed persons, followed by trade and related workers, plant and machine operators and assemblers, farmers, forestry workers and fishermen. With the increase of the construction activities in the area due to Tunnel 4 construction, including the increased requirement of the cement factories and their respective quarry sites, the inadequacy of livelihood and employment opportunities were given a boost and this included the resettled families in the area. Skills training, capability building and financial assistance were provided to the new settlers and several women were trained in rag-making

which grew into a livelihood opportunity for the residents. 115. Norzagaray, being a first class municipality, generates more than half of its revenue from local business locators, quarrying and cement manufacturing, including hydropower plant and other industries. Less than 40% come from Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) from the national government. 4.4.2. Health Facilities

116. Primary health services are provided to Norzagaray residents through a network of a municipal hospital and two rural health units. This is complemented by six privately operated health facilities. The Norzagaray Municipal Hospital is located in Brgy. Poblacion and is being operated by the municipal government and also caters for the primary health care needs of neighbouring municipalities. In terms of water access, only 66.45% have access to safe water in Bigte and 28.45 % in San Mateo. The Bulacan Bulk Water project is currently being planned by the MWSS and Manila Water to supply the needs of the municipalities of the Province of Bulacan.

4.4.3. Education Facilities

117. The municipality provides the basic primary high school and a municipal college for its constituents. Pre-school and day-care and kindergarten are operated in each barangay of the municipality.

4.4.4. Socio-economic Conditions

118. The local economy is dominated by the service sector, followed by industry, and then the agriculture, fishery and forestry sector. Table 26 shows the distribution of employment by sector.

Table 26: Sectoral Distribution of Employment CY 2000, Bulacan and Norzagaray Norzagaray Sector Bulacan Municipality (%) Prov Sector (%) Agricultural, Fishery, 12.40 12.43 3.27 and Forestry Industry 27.26 29.21 3.50 Services 60.34 58.36 3.16 Total 100.00 100.00 3.27

Source: CLUP Norzagaray/National Statistics Office (NSO) 119. The contribution of the mining sub-sector in the industry is significant and slightly higher in Norzagaray than the province. However, it may be seen that the total employment share of Norzagaray is a mere 3.27% of the province. The high location quotient is due to the accessibility of the quarry areas and establishments of the three large cement manufacturing plants (Republic cement, Holcim and La Farge) contribute to this comparative advantage. In addition, it has also exhibited and continues to exhibit an advantage compared to the other municipalities of Bulacan in electricity, gas and water, construction and wholesale and retail trade. This is due to the continuing operation of NPC’s Angat Dam Hydro Electric Power Plant, the Trans Asia Power Generation Corporation and the MWSS Ipo Dam. 120. Data from the Municipal Agricultural Office show that as of December 2007, the municipality has an estimated 9,250ha of agricultural lands but more than half of the of this is not used for crop

production and remains covered with grass. Of the municipality’s agricultural lands, only around 44% are used for production activities. Almost a third (3,278ha) is used for crop production while some 780ha are used for livestock and fishery production. Rice, mango, banana, and root crops are the mostly extensively grown crops. But only 14% of the rice lands are irrigated. In some areas, rice lands have remained untilled or abandoned as prospective expansion areas of the existing quarry operations. Table 27: Extent and Average Yields of Agriculture Land Use: Norzagaray

Ave. yield / mt / Crops/Livestock Area (Has) (%) No. of Farmers ha / year Crops 3,287.43 35.51 4,379 Rice - Rainfed 1,152 12.44 1,o56 4.17 - Irrigated 162 1.75 268 3.77 Mango 665.71 7.19 885 5.37 Banana 429.82 4.64 575 4.19 Coconut 142.04 1.53 630 11.34 Coffee 21.15 0.23 55 0.16 Root Crops 228.71 2.47 322 9.27 Other crops 486 5.25 853 4.6 Livestock 780.52 8.43 2,900 Swine 20.9 0.23 602 7.05 Large Cattle 303.1 3.27 1,366 7.05 Native 0.87 0.01 605 4.32 Chicken Broiler 4.37 0.05 167 4.32 Fishery 450.92 4.87 160 0.59 Grassland 5,190.05 56.06 0 Total 9,258.00 100 7,279

Source: CLUP Norzagaray/ 2007 Municipal Agricultural Profile 121. In addition to cement production, Norzagaray hosts companies that manufacture feeds (Subjin), roofing materials (Vasquez), agrochemicals (Oria), fireworks (Nomilyn and DSP), and corrugated carton (Jennson), among others. 4.4.5. Physical Cultural Resources

122. The only physical cultural resource (PCR) near the MWSS tunnel ROW is Pinagrealan Cave. The Pinagrealan Cave near the Bigte segment and is about 450m away from the tunnel ROW. It is a declared historical landmark by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. The local government of Norzagaray also recognizes its historical and tourism importance. The application of the cave as protected area under NIPAS is ongoing. 4.4.6. Historical Background and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)

123. The project site has been a guerrilla site during the Japanese – American war in 1942-45. The following figure shows the guerrilla sites in Luzon.

AWTIP Project Site

Figure 16. Guerrilla site map and project site

124. The site has a probability of UXO being present on site. Identification and disposal of UXO of critical importance prior to commencement of any construction work to ensure safe working environment is provided. 4.4.7. Indigenous People

125. Indigenous peoples (IP), known as Dumagats, reside in the mountains of Norzagaray, particularly in San Mateo and San Lorenzo. About 367 IPs live in San Mateo while 8 IPs live in Bigte. 126. Currently, CADT application of the Dumagats of Brgy. Kabayunan, Municipality of Dona Remedios Trinidad Bulacan, Brgys. San Lorenzo, San Mateo and San Isidro, all in the municipality of Norzagaray Bulacan is being processed by the NCIP regional office. Social preparation activities were already undertaken as of November 2013 and delineation of the claimed ancestral domain is being prepared. A total of 593 families are claiming CADT ownership. About 209 families from Sitio Ipo, 13 families from Sitio Paco , 48 families from Sitio Anginan/Santol and 53 families from Sapang Munti, all from Brgy. San Mateo, Norzagaray Bulacan are included as CADT claimants. 127. The Karahume Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) was completed in December 2008 and endorsed by the Sangguniang Bayan of Norzagaray on 20 July 2009. The ADSDPP of Karahume envisions, “to have a peaceful, progressive, environment friendly and self-sustaining Dumagat community wherein human rights is respected by the state and the rights for better education, good health, better livelihood programs are guaranteed by government.” 128. The ADSDPP implementation, covering about 1,145ha targeted as mix land use, faces crucial challenges due to multiplicity of land tenure instruments over portions of the CADT, of which portions of the CADT fall within the proclaimed forest reserves of the MWSS and NPC (Presidential Proclamation Nos. 391 and 599 and a CBFM issued by DENR).The mixed land use

includes (i) agricultural (351ha), (ii) cemetery (2ha), (iii) communal forest (303ha), (iv) eco- tourism (7ha), (v) pasture land (59ha), (vi) reforestation (782ha), (vii) residential (81ha), and (viii) sanctuary (232ha). The other issues include the intrusion of the non-IPs upland farmers and trading of land rights over portions of CADT. 129. At present, in addition to the Karahume CADT, the Dumagats have applied CADT for the entire Angat Watershed and Forest Reserve, including the portion of the project site – Segment 1.

4.5. Summary Description of the Project Segments

130. Segment 1 (Ipo dam site) is a forest zone. It is also in a build-up zone of the Ipo watershed- controlled zone. It is a part of a protected area, the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve (55,000ha managed by NPC), Angat Watershed and Forest Range (Pilot)/Ipo Watershed managed by DENR and MWSS. There are no physical cultural resources found in this segment. About 49 structures were found at 60m ROW. The depth of the tunnel is about 100m to 200m in the basalt rock formation at this segment. The segment is covered with tree-dominated vegetation, mostly domestic trees but has low diversity. No endemic vegetation species was found. There is a moderate diversity in wildlife. Groundwater quality must be within DENR standards. Results in surface water have shown that coliform counts were reported at the confluence of Sapang Munti and Ipo and downstream of the dam past the community site. The air quality should also be within DENR standards. The CWA for the construction of the inlet structure will be located at Segment 1 which is about 1ha. The CWA includes material storage, workers’ cam. An existing dirt road down the hill and finally to the intake structure site can be used during the construction phase. 131. Segment 2 (San Mateo Rolling Terrain) is located in a residential zone, forest zone and forest buffer zone. It is found within the indicative boundary of Angat Watershed Forest Reserve. A total of 18 infrastructures were found within the 60m ROW. The tunnel will traverse basalt and sediment rock formation at about 125mbg to 200mbg. Segment 2 vegetation was dominated by brushland. No endemic vegetation species was found. This segment has low to very low vegetation diversity and low wildlife diversity. No endemic wildlife species was found. The groundwater and surface water qualities must be within the DENR standards and air quality. 132. Segment 3 (AFP housing) is located in a forest buffer zone. It was not a part of protected area and no physical cultural resources were found on this segment. A total of 201 infrastructures, mostly housing units of the AFP subdivision, were identified within the 60m ROW. The tunnel traverse’s sediment and volcanic rock formation at about 100mbg to 125 mbg. This segment is covered by residential, subdivisions, cultivated area and brushland. It has low to very low vegetation diversity and low wildlife diversity. No endemic wildlife species were found. Groundwater and surface water qualities must be within the DENR standards and air quality. 133. Segment 4 (Grassland) is located in a forest and residential buffer zones. The barangay cemetery is located 300m away from the tunnel ROW. A total ofeight infrastructures were found within the 60m ROW. The tunnel traverses Alagao volcanic rock formation at a depth of about 100m to 125 m. The vegetation in this segment comprises of grassland and brushland. This segment has low to very low vegetation diversity and low wildlife diversity. No endemic wildlife species was found. Groundwater and surface water qualities must be within DENR standards and air quality.

Figure 17: Project Segments

TEMPORARY SPOIL DISPOSAL AREA

CONTRACTOR’S WORKERS’ AREA

Figure 18: Location of the Inlet and Associated Works

134. Segment 5 (Road ROW) is located in residential and agricultural zones. It is not a part of a protected area. No physical cultural resources were found near this segment. A total of 13 infrastructures were found within the 60m ROW. The tunnel depth is about 100m to 125m and traverses Alagao volcanic rock formation. Segment 5 vegetation comprises of grassland and brushland. This segment has low to very low vegetation diversity and low wildlife diversity. Groundwater and surface water qualities must be within DENR standards and air quality. 135. Segment 6 (Grassland) is located in a residential and agricultural zone. It is not a part of a protected area. No physical cultural resources identified near this segment. A total of12 infrastructures are within the 60m ROW. The tunnel depth is about 50m to 100 m and traverses Alagao volcanic rock formation. This segment is dominated with grassland and brushland. This segment has low to very low vegetation diversity and low wildlife diversity. No endemic wildlife species were found. Groundwater and surface water qualities must be within DENR standards. The elevated noise level is observed at 19:00 to 21:01. 136. Segment 7 (Brgy. Bigte) is located in residential, agricultural zone and quarry zone. Pinagrealan Cave is about 450m away from tunnel ROW. It is considered tourist attraction and historical landmark in Norzagaray. There are about 23 infrastructure found within the 60m ROW. The tunnel depth is about 20mbg to 50 mbg and traverses volcanic and limestone rock formation. This is the outlet location and the area is dominated by rain tree and mahogany while the proposed disposal area is dominated by open-type vegetation. This segment has low to very low vegetation diversity. Endemic species found is narra (Pterocarpus indicus). There is moderate wildlife diversity in this segment. Groundwater quality must be within DENR standards, while results in surface water have shown a high coliform measure. Elevated noise level is observed at night-time between 19:00 to 21:00.

TEMPORARY SPOIL DISPOSAL AREA

CONTRACTORS’ WORK AREA

Figure 19: Location of the Outlet Structure

V. Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

137. The key potential impacts caused by the construction of Tunnel 4 using TBM tunnelling method is presented below.

5.1. The Land

138. Potential impacts on land during the construction phase includes soil and erosion; loss of vegetation; disturbance to wildlife; generation of spoil, solid waste and hazardous waste.

Table 28: Potential Impacts on Land Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement CONSTRUCTION PHASE Soil and Erosion due to: Location: Inlet structure and relevant work sites (a) soil disturbance (a) Confine soil disturbance and/or vegetation clearing (b) vegetation clearing to pre-defined and planned area that includes project footprint and needed easements

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement (b) Stabilize exposed soils with temporary seeding, mulches, mats, non-chemical-based soil binders. (c) Protect slopes with any one or combination of bonded fiber matrices, erosion control blankets, silt fence, fiber rolls, and keeping stormwater off the slopes through diversion channels and/or berms. (d) Re-vegetate disturbed soils/slopes as soon as possible after completion of the construction works. (e) Replacing vegetation that died during the defects liability period. At the active work sites, Provide temporary drainage with sedimentation tank or filters such as block and gravel, prior to discharge to watercourses

Loss of vegetation due to: (a) Institute measures to avoid impacting on habitats and wildlife, such as: (a) vegetation clearing and (i) minimize vegetation clearance at the intake and potential trampling of outlet trucks/equipment beyond (ii) fence off vegetation to be retained project footprints (iii) provide environmental training for workforce (iv) enforce site rules and sanctions to discourage workforce from hunting, fishing and poaching. (b) Confine all construction activities to previously disturbed areas, to the extent practicable, e.g., workers’ quarters/camps. (c) Use existing roads for project activities. Minimize new road construction. (d) To avoid unnecessary clearing, mark/delineate areas to be cleared of vegetation, e.g. by fencing. (e) Re-vegetate construction sites using local, indigenous species. (f) Limit any collection of wood for charcoal to exotic i.e. non-native species. Performance Indicator

Minimal number of trees applied for tree cutting permit from DENR (a) Implement measures to mitigate noise, vibration Disturbance to wildlife due to and dust. (a) Construction noise, vibration, (b) Strategically place nets at the tunnel portals to dust, lighting, prevent flying debris. presence/movement of people, (c) Water to minimize dust accumulation and etc. spreading. Performance Indicator

Record of number of poaching and illegal trading of wildlife by workers

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement Generation of spoil and spoil disposal. (a) Prepare and implement a plan for the preparation of

3 the spoil disposal areas. More than 150,000m is expected to (b) Minimize the volume of spoil to be disposed of by be generated due to tunnelling works, 3 re-use in backfilling of roads, and by offering as free which is about 190,000 m loose filling materials to government projects needing volume. backfill materials. (c) Disposal area must be confined to solid ground, of low ecological and agricultural value. (d) Disposal area must not occupy drainage lines and streams and create an obstacle to streams or induced flooding. (e) Spoil heaps must be designed and shaped with stable side slopes and suitable drainage. (f) Spoils heaps must be compacted during the earthworks. (g) On complete, the spoil heaps must be covered with the original top soil from the site and re-vegetated

Solid waste (a) Implement an eco-friendly solid waste management at work sites and workers’ camp/s, which minimizes, re-uses, segregates and promptly disposes of generated solid waste.

Hazardous waste (a) Locate stationary ground storage for hazardous waste at least 100 m away from water bodies, raised to min 1 ft above high flood level. Or, use mobile storage but should not be parked near water bodies. (b) Secure storage areas appropriately. Storage facilities must be able to contain spillage. (c) Dispose of waste promptly and appropriately. (d) The contractor shall be required to implement an appropriate hazardous waste management program. (e) Storage of oil and grease, other chemical and additives used for the maintenance and operation of heavy equipment shall be properly built and maintained, to include bunded storage for the capacity of the containers plus 10%, and oil traps on drainage outfalls. (f) Chemicals such as injection resin, micro fine cement, ready mix shotcrete and admixture will be used in the construction of Tunnel 4. The cured products are harmless. However, if cured prior to application and hardened, it will become an inert material just like the excavated materials. Such materials should be transported and disposed of the same as the spoil.

5.2. Air 139. Potential impacts on air during the construction phase includes Deterioration of ambient air quality; and high level of noise. Table 29: Potential Impacts on Air

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement CONSTRUCTION PHASE a) Deterioration of ambient air quality At the project area, locate emission sources away from especially in areas located near sensitive receptors, e.g., concrete batching and rock the tunnel outlet due to dust, crushing plants at least 500m upwind of sensitive concrete dust and gas emissions receptors. from: In active work sites: (i) Earthworks and other (a) Apply dust suppression techniques, e.g., watering construction processes; with bowsers, sheeting particularly at Bigte area tunnelling (TBM); (b) Water dry unpaved/exposed surfaces, stockpiles (ii) stockpiling of aggregates and of sand and excavated materials, at least twice spoils, and conveyance of spoils daily, or as necessary. to disposal areas; (c) Protect aggregate stockpiles with sheeting to (iii) increased transport activities in restrict the movement of dust. the construction areas and along (d) Require trucks, particularly those hauling Ipo Road; aggregates, to have secure covers. (iv) burning of vegetation and wastes; (e) Limit engine idling to 5 minutes. and (v) operation of mechanical equipment Prohibit open burning of vegetation and other waste in (vi) spillage of uncured cement the project area additives Ipo Road, main access road, other roads in the Project area, Limit speed of all construction vehicles to maximum of 40 kph on the access road to, and max. 30 kph in, the site. Performance Indicator Maintain air quality within national air quality standards, or if these are not available, internationally accepted air quality standards, such as WHO Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement Parameter Averaging Period Guide µg/m3 SO2 24 hrs 20 NO2 1 year 40 1 hour 200 PM10 1 year 20 24 hrs 50 PM2.5 1 year 10 24 hrs 25

Noise and vibration in the project area (a) Use only equipment that emit least noise and where TBM tunnelling will commence, vibration and are well maintained. vehicle and equipment operations (b) Use facility layout to minimize noise propagation e.g. using topography / existing buildings as barriers, where possible locate noisy activities away from local communities. (c) Control noise at source, e.g. low noise plant, muffling, acoustic screening, switch off campaigns. (d) Restrict use of noisy and highly vibrating equipment from 8AM-5PM. Necessary overtime work should: a) not go beyond 9:00PM; b) observe regulated noise and vibration levels; c) not use noisy and highly vibrating equipment; and d) should be coordinated with the barangay and affected households. (e) Manage the ins and outs of hauling trucks. Spread out the schedule of material, waste and spoil transport in the day (off-peak hours). (f) Enforce the rule of no blowing of horns. (g) Strictly enforce upon workers the compliance with wearing of ear mufflers, especially those who are operating equipment.

Performance Indicator

Adopt national standards for construction sites and residential areas if available.

***Category “A”: A section which is primarily a residential area

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement Time Sound level limit, dB 0900H – 1800 (Daytime)[Maximum allowable 65 H limit based on division of 24- hour sampling] 1800 H – 2200 H (Evening)[Maximum allowable 60 limit based on division of 24- hour sampling] 2200 H – (NIghtime)[Maximum 55 0500 H allowable limit based on division of 24-hour sampling] 0500H – 0900 (Morning)[Maximum allowable 60 H limit based on division of 24- hour sampling] Note: Monitoring was conducted on a 2-hour interval. In practice, the start of sampling time is used as the basis for noise divisions.

***Category “C”: A section primarily zoned or used as a light industrial area

Time Sound level limit, dB 0900H – 1800 (Daytime)[Maximum allowable 70 H limit based on division of 24- hour sampling] 1800 H – 2200 H (Evening)[Maximum allowable 60 limit based on division of 24- hour sampling] 2200 H – (NIghtime)[Maximum allowable 65 0500 H limit based on division of 24- hour sampling] 0500H – 0900 H (Morning)[Maximum allowable 60 limit based on division of 24- hour sampling] Note: Monitoring was conducted on a 2-hour interval. In practice, the start of sampling time is used as the basis for noise divisions.

Alternatively use internationally accepted standards such as WHO. Reference / Ambient standard jurisdiction Guidelines for Receptor: Residential; Community institutional; educational Noise, WHO, Daytime (07:00-22:00): 1999 55dBA International Nighttime (22:00-07:00): 45dBA Receptor: Industrial; commercial 70dBA throughout the day

5.3. Water

140. Preliminary construction works such as clearing can generate lose ground materials that in a heavy rain are mobilized potentially including uncured fine cement, admix causing siltation to Bigte Creek and Angat River. This may result in the reduction of light penetration limiting growth of organism in water bodies; and high turbidity level of water transmitted to Maynilad Treatment

Plants in Quezon City. 141. During the actual construction of tunnel and other associated structures/ facilities, more areas will be cleared in the increasing the volume of easily erodible loose earth materials. This may result to loading of organic materials in the Bigte Creek and Angat River and may subsequently result to eutrophication which is detrimental to water bodies. 142. The project is expected to discharge effluents in water bodies. There will be quarterly monitoring of water quality and semi-annual monitoring of freshwater ecology primarily during the construction phase which will provide meaningful ecological information to analyse the impacts of tunnel construction and operation on the river ecology of Angat River and Bigte Creek and public health of population living in the vicinity of these water bodies. Table 30: Potential Impacts on Water Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement CONSTRUCTION PHASE Impact on surface water quality due to/ At the active work sites from: Mitigating contaminants (a) Contaminants from materials used and construction activities and (a) Provide adequate water supply, sanitation processes facilities at work sites and workers’ camp. A (b) Siltation from soil erosion, spoil water treatment facility will be installed in Bigte disposal area, dewatering work site. Enforce observance of good excavations, water discharge from sanitation practices by workers. water treatment plant etc (b) Chemicals such as injection resin, micro fine cement, ready mix shotcrete and admixture will be used during construction. The cured products are harmless. Uncured products should be prevented from entering the water bodies. Spillage must be collected using absorbent materials such as sawdust and sand and dispose of in accordance with local regulations. (c) Implement solid waste management that minimizes, re-uses, properly segregates and promptly and properly disposes of generated solid wastes. (d) A coffer dam during the construction of inlet and outlet and/ or drainage system should be properly constructed in the inlet and outlet areas to minimize siltation especially during heavy rain. If possible and necessary, it should be supplemented with commercially available, silt curtains, geotextiles or coconets/cocologs. Silts that accumulate should be removed regularly and disposed of properly or buried and overlain with vegetation to minimize further mobilization. (e) Implement hazardous waste management that minimizes, properly segregates and promptly and properly disposes of generated hazardous wastes.

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement (f) Store hazardous construction materials in appropriately contained and elevated area and at least100 m away from surface water bodies. (g) Have equipment clearly leaking oil repaired off- site immediately. No vehicle/equipment maintenance, repair and refuelling to be allowed at the sites. (h) Treat construction water before discharge. Install water treatment plant for water generated during tunnel excavation. Allow water through grease trap or oil/collector and/or filters such as rock filled bags, block and gravel. (i) Implement corrective action, when trigger thresholds of water quality are reached. (j) During construction, the contractor shall take corrective action to reduce concentration to below the standard. (k) Mitigating sedimentation (l) Use any combination of perimeter controls at spoil disposal areas or stockpiles of aggregate materials, e.g., silt fences, sediment basins, sandbags, earth bern/bund. Minimize / control dewatering or extraction of tunnel water by storing and re-using pumped-out water from the tunnel. Performance Standard

Water Column. Parameters to characterize the physico- chemical and biological status of the water column to include but not limited to: temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and bacteriological parameters.

Refer to DAO 2016-08 for water quality standards Extraction of water from Basin 1 (near Relevant permits to be secured. the outlet) to be used as coolant during Performance standard construction If significant amount of water is to be used, a permit from the National Water Resources Board may be necessary. DAO 2016-08 for water quality standards Impact on groundwater: In all active work sites (a) deteriorating shallow groundwater Site temporary stockpile of excavated soils in flat areas, quality due to: away from main surface drainage routes, limit to  Silt/sediments maximum of 2 m high.

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement  Solid waste Provide silt fences, silt traps, or sand bags, at Hazardous materials and waste stockpiles of aggregate materials. Dispose of residual soil/spoil as soon as possible, to the disposal areas, or as free backfilling materials for LGU/barangay roads. Avoid stockpiling more aggregates than necessary.

Performance Standard

DAO 1994- 26A for Philippine drinking water quality standards (b) lowering of water level of wells in Monitor for potential groundwater depletion in existing nearby communities due to wells in the vicinity. Provide interim measures to avoid tunnelling, pumping/extracting of disrupting water supply to affected households. tunnel drainage water Investigate for proper corrective action.

OPERATION PHASE Potential impact in an El Nino event. El Nino related plans are in place and a Task Force Decrease of water for irrigation and was organized which includes MWSS. domestic use.

El Nino Preparedness Plan drafted by NWRB is in place and was coordinated to concerned agencies including MWSS and its concessionaires (MWCI and MWSI). The Action Plans on Water Resources in Provinces to be Affected by El Nino (2015-2016) includes the following: (a) Creation of El Nino Domestic Supply Management Task Force – composed of NWRB, MWSS, NIA, Maynilad, Manila Water was organized. The Task Force prepared as early as 2015 the guidelines for the allocation of water to ensure enough supply for everyone in Luzon (and also for Visayas and Mindanao). (b) Reduced allocation for Metro Manila Water Supply from 41 to 38 cms and allocation of 10 cms for Irrigation (as of November 2, 2015) (c) Consider granting temporary permits for the re- opening of closed and sealed deepwells in coordination with MWSS and DOH (d) Draft Administrative Order for all Government Institutions to implement water conservation measures (e) Conduct aggressive campaign on water conservation and coordination with Metro Manila

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement LGUs to mitigate the impacts (conducted meeting with LGUs last September 10, 2015)

Action Plans on Water Resources in Provinces to be Affected by El Nino For Irrigation, grant temporary permits for the operation of shallow tube wells and small water impounding facilities. For Water Utilities/Service Providers (CPC Grantees), prepare water conservation measures and submit the program to NWRB. (a) Conduct advocacy campaign on water conservation (b) Repair of leaks in the system and reduce non- revenue water (c) Moratorium on increase in tariffs/water fees

5.4. People Table 31: Potential Impacts on People

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Relocation of Families Consultations were conducted to discuss the relocation of these families and corresponding compensation of structures. These During the conduct of consultations, three consultations resulted to the payment of Php 30,000.00 (3) families were identified residing within compensation (computed based on the prevailing minimum wage the MWSS portion of land that will be used as payment for the lost days as stipulated on the Urban affected by the construction of the access Development and Housing, or Act RA7279), to each family. Also, road at the Ipo area. The head of the an additional Php 10,000.00 for each family was given. The family used to be employed by MWSS as determination of said amount has no legal basis; it was given as a security guard and later as Bantay extra money for transportation for relocation expenses and is Gubat, which eventually gave him the treated as “assistance.” privilege to settle temporarily within the

MWSS facilities. Moreover, one of the female spouses belongs to Dumagat One of the family heads was successfully referred for employment tribe, as identified by the local NCIP with a local contractor. The affected families filed their application Office in Angat. for three (3) housing units at the National Housing Authority. The two (2) families, Gregorio Delos Santos and Realiza DS. Paray, were temporarily relocated at Ipo Road, San Mateo, Norzagaray, Bulacan, where they are renting a house. Ruel Delos Santos built a nipa hut just beside the compound of Angat Hydro Electric Power Plant, Norzagaray, Bulacan. Their National Housing Authority application for permanent relocation is now on process.

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement

Affect the Indigenous People in the area (a) An alternative boat landing has already been identified (a) Transport of students and upstream at the mouth of Sapang Munti River, half-a- residents as well as goods and services may be disturbed kilometer away from the construction site to facilitate temporarily during construction transport of people, students, goods, and services to due to temporary closure of boat ensure that the transport of residents undertaking landing on the other side of the Ipo socio-economic activities will be continuous even Dam. during construction. (b) May affect social activities, such (b) Ensure the access of IPs to river for bathing and as bathing and clothes washing clothes washing activities. among IPs downstream of the Ipo (c) An alternative route has been identified by the IPs and Dam spillway during construction it will be improved by contractor to enhance safety of due to possible water turbidity due students and other residents using it. to diggings. (d) Formulation of IP Plan

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Employment and Business Opportunities (a) The TBM tunnelling method will have higher advance rate. For mechanized tunnel methodology such as TBM, the employment requirement is less compared to the drill and blast tunnelling method.

(a) Provision of alternative routes/ roads in Bigte area, fish Movement and accessibility. landing sites in Ipo dam sites to allow continued movement (a) Increase road traffic due to and interaction. inadequate capacity of Ipo Road (b) Consultation with residents of Brgy Bigte and Brgy San (access road) and expected Mateo on possible temporary closure of current access increase of truck volume roads, potential active sites during construction and (b) Restricted access in active sites alternative routes (c) Potential damage of existing (c) Establish alternate boat landing at the mouth of Sapang roads used as access roads due Munti River to movement of heavy equipment (d) Institute prior coordination with the Barangay and and vehicles Municipality for the formulation of a traffic management and safety plan and for clearing of structures encroaching into access road ROW. (e) Prior to construction, clear easement of encroaching structures especially in along Ipo Road approaching the Ipo Dam Compound, mostly are being temporary. (f) Strategically post billboards informing the public about the expected increase in volume of traffic in the influence area due to Project implementation. Post at least two weeks prior to mobilization. (g) Coordinate with the Barangay for assistance in traffic management. (h) Strategically post traffic flagmen along Ipo Road, equipped with two-way radio. (i) Post sufficiently legible (reflectorized) traffic safety notice and signage at strategic locations along the entire stretch of the access road. (j) Limit speed to 40 kph along Ipo Road, 20 kph at highly populated sections of Ipo Road, and 30 kph at construction sites and unpaved haulage roads. (k) Coordinate with DPWH regarding the use of Ipo Road.

Potential Impact Options for prevention or mitigation or enhancement (l) Restore access roads to the pre-construction condition or better. Performance Indicator Zero road accident and related incidents

Community health and safety hazards (a) Inform local residents of the timing of delivery of segmental potential health risks for persons with lining, transport of oversized heavy equipment at the outlet chronic disease such as asthma, and and prohibit entry of local residents into the construction other respiratory diseases due dust area. pollution within the vicinity of the (b) Secure project area, including associated facilities, from construction site and along road side unauthorized entry. (c) Implement measures to mitigate impacts on air and water quality, noise, traffic. (d) Provide mechanism to reduce dust /other pollutants (i.e. water spraying on the road, transport of heavy equipment, segmental lining and spoil/excavated materials during day time, etc.) (e) People with impaired health/risks wear masks and other protective device (f) Ensure all systems for air, water, noise and land pollution are properly implemented

Workers’ health and safety hazard (a) Improved safety. There is no use of explosives for the TBM tunnelling method. (b) Provision of adequate housing, amenities, sanitary facilities and sufficiently equipped emergency first- response and health care team linked to an ultimate response team.

OPERATIONAL PHASE

Public safety related to future MWSS must secure the ROW. Existing above ground development and activities along the infrastructure along ROW should be limited. The public must not ROW be allowed to encroach onto the ROW by constructing any buildings or farming the land.

Security of tunnel 4 (a) Conduct IEC on how to ensure security of tunnel 4 (b) Continuous monitoring of the ROW alignment for potential Potential encroachment of informal encroachers settlers along the 8 ROW, 6.4 Km (c) Fencing of the 60m ROW (a property of MWSS with land alignment title where as a titled property, trespassing is not allowed) where tunnel 4 is located. The fencing activity will be done after Tunnel 4 is constructed. No fencing will be done without the approval of NPC in the Tunnel 4 alignment that traversed Angat Watershed. Fencing of ROW might restrict access of farmers to the Ipo Road with fields southwest of the MWSS ROW. At present, due to rolling terrain of the area, only few areas are grown with agricultural products such as rice, corn and few fruit trees. Details of fencing is not yet available at this time. The design which will be done after the project should consider access of residents/ farmers. (d) Incentives /imposition of penalty for encroachers

VI. Environmental Management Plan

6.1. Introduction

142. The environmental management plan (EMP) will serve as the framework for the Project’s environmental management, commencing before the procurement process for CMC di Ravenna up to the operation. The EMPs will be mainly implemented by the Consulting Firm of AWTIP and the PMO, CMC di Ravenna and the Concessionaires. The EMP features the Environmental Mitigation Plan, Environmental Monitoring Plan, Implementation Arrangements and Performance Indicators.

6.2. Environmental Mitigation Plan

143. The recommended mitigation measures consist of actions, activities, plans and documents that need to be undertaken, observed, obtained, prepare to prevent and/or mitigate the Project’s adverse environmental impacts. The broad measures are outlined below while the specific measures are presented in the Environmental Mitigation Plan. a) Ensure adequate considerations and conditions relative to climate change and other natural hazards to sustain the structural integrity and effective operations of completed works during project implementation. b) Ensure engagement of an environment-responsible contractor, CMC di Ravenna, by incorporating the SPS-compliant EMP for this Project (hereinafter referred to as the EMP) into the bidding documents, as basis in the preparation of the Contractor’s EMP (CEMMP) by CMC di Ravenna, addressing as minimum the requirements of EMP. CEMMP to be quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated against the EMP by PMO-AWTIP and cleared by ADB prior to the commencement of any work onsite. The contract for civil works to explicitly stipulate the obligation to institute the mitigation measures properly and carry out environmental monitoring according to the CEMMP. The Contract to stipulate some tie-up of progress payment and collection of performance bond with the performance in CEMMP implementation. c) A CEMMP that ensures good and environment-friendly engineering practices that avoid first, and (if unavoidable) mitigate, adverse impacts; and commitment from CMC di Ravenna to fully implement the CEMMP. d) Quality construction supervision and environmental monitoring by the PMO- AWTIP. e) Conduct of engineering investigations of built structures after every seismic, extreme weather and other natural hazard events during construction and operation and full disclosure of investigation reports. Prompt action to correct damages. f) Sufficient funds for sustained quality of operation and maintenance. g) Observance of the grievance redress mechanism and prompt action/ resolution of lodged grievances.

Table 32: EMP prior to Construction Phase

Potential Possible approach/ Mitigating Measures Cost of Mitigation/ Responsible Performance Standard Guarantee Impact Enhancement

Required Obtain the following prior to Notice of Award: Permits/clearances Employer’s requirement permits/ obtained prior to Notice document clearances a) ECC a) MWSS of Award b) MOA between DENR RO 3, NPC and b) MWSS MWSS a) PhP 500,000.00 c) CMC di c) Permit to cut tree b) none Ravenna d) Permit to use explosives for construction c) part of construction cost d) part of construction cost

Preparing Conduct intensive social and environmental Included in PMO-AWTIP’s PMO-AWTIP relevant awareness program at least one month prior to budget communities Notice of Award, covering (i) communicable/ Affected transmittable diseases that may be brought with barangays the entry of workers; (ii) potential social conflicts between communities and workers; (iii) other health and safety hazards and impacts during construction and during maintenance and repair of completed works; and (iv) the grievance redress mechanism.

Ensuring Include an SPS-compliant EMP in the bidding Not applicable PMO-AWTIP SPS-compliant EMP environmentally documents. included in eth bidding responsible documents procurement

Append EMP to the Contract for basis in the PMO-AWTIP EMP appended in preparation of the CEMMP. Contract

In Contract, require CMC di Ravenna to submit PMO-AWTIP Requirement stated in monthly and semi-annual environmental Contract monitoring report.

Stipulate in Contract the tie up of progress PMO-AWTIP Stipulation in Contract payment and collection of performance bond with the performance in CEMMP implementation.

Prepare CEMMP that addresses as minimum the CMC di Ravenna Presence of a CEMMP requirements of the EMP. based on EMP

Evaluate the CEMMP quantitatively and PMO-AWTIP Evaluation undertaken qualitatively against the EMP. quantitatively and qualitatively

Clear the CEMMP before the start of any ADB CEMMP cleared prior to activity/work on site or establishment of any start of any mobilization construction-related facility on site by CMC di activity on site by CMC di Ravenna. Ravenna

Table 33: EMP for the Construction Phase

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor

THE LAND

Soil and Erosion due to: Location: Inlet structure and relevant work sites Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- CEMP development cost AWTIP  soil disturbance Confine soil disturbance and/or vegetation  vegetation clearing clearing to pre-defined and planned area that includes project footprint and needed easements

Stabilize exposed soils with temporary seeding, mulches, mats, non-chemical-based soil binders. Protect slopes with any one or combination of bonded fiber matrices, erosion control blankets, silt fence, fiber rolls, and keeping storm water off the slopes through diversion channels and/or berms. Re-vegetate disturbed soils/slopes as soon as possible after completion of the construction works. Replacing vegetation that died during the defects liability period.

At the active work sites, Provide temporary drainage with sedimentation tank or filters such as block and gravel, prior to discharge to watercourses

Loss of vegetation due Institute measures to avoid impacting on habitats Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- Minimal number of trees Tree cutting to: and wildlife, such as: (construction) cost AWTIP applied for tree cutting permit permit from DENR  vegetation clearing  minimize vegetation clearance at Bigte and and potential especially at the intake trampling of  fence off vegetation to be retained trucks/equipment  provide environmental training for workforce

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor beyond project  enforce site rules and sanctions to discourage footprints workforce from hunting, fishing and poaching. Confine all construction activities to previously disturbed areas, to the extent practicable, e.g., workers’ quarters/camps. Use existing roads for project activities. Minimize new road construction. To avoid unnecessary clearing, mark/delineate areas to be cleared of vegetation, e.g. by fencing. Rehabilitate cleared areas to their pre-project conditions, unless otherwise agreed with the landowner. Re-vegetate construction sites using local, indigenous species. Re-vegetate watershed target sites especially in areas identified by the Watershed Management Plan. Limit any collection of wood for charcoal to exotic i.e. non-native species.

Disturbance to wildlife Implement measures to mitigate noise, vibration Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO Record of number of N/A due to and dust. (construction) cost poaching and illegal trading of wildlife by Construction noise, Strategically place nets at the tunnel portals to workers vibration, dust, lighting, prevent flying debris. presence/movement of people, etc. Water to minimize dust accumulation and spreading. THE WATER

Impact on surface water At the active work sites Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- Water Column. quality due to/ from: (construction) cost AWTIP Parameters to Mitigating contaminants characterize the physico- chemical and biological

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor  Provide adequate sanitation facilities and status of the water  Contaminants from water supply at work sites and workers’ column to include but not materials used and camp. Enforce observance of good sanitation limited to: temperature, construction practices by workers. salinity, total suspended activities and solids, turbidity, dissolved processes  Implement solid waste management that oxygen and  Siltation from soil minimizes, re-uses, properly segregates and bacteriological erosion, spoil promptly and properly disposes of generated parameters. disposal area, solid wastes.

mechanical excavation,  Implement hazardous waste management Refer to DENR dewatering that minimizes, properly segregates and Administrative Order No. excavations, etc promptly and properly disposes of generated 2016-08, Water Quality hazardous wastes. Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of  Store hazardous construction materials in 2016 appropriately contained and elevated area and at least100 m away from surface water bodies.

 Have equipment clearly leaking oil repaired off-site immediately. No vehicle/equipment maintenance, repair and refuelling to be allowed at the sites.

 Treat construction water before discharge. Install settling pond for water generated during mechanical excavation. Allow water through grease trap or oil/collector and/or filters such as rock filled bags, block and gravel.  Implement corrective action, when trigger thresholds of water quality are reached.  During construction, the contractor shall take corrective action to reduce concentration to below the standard.  Mitigating sedimentation

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor Build cofferdams when constructing inlet structure  Use any combination of perimeter controls at spoil disposal areas or stockpiles of aggregate materials, e.g., silt fences, sediment basins, sandbags, earth bern/bund.  Minimize / control dewatering or extraction of tunnel water by storing and re-using pumped- out water from the tunnel.

Extraction of water from Use efficient tunnelling technology that recycles Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- If significant amount of the dam site (inlet) and tunnel drainage water to minimize extraction of (construction) cost AWTIP water is to be used, a creek (near the outlet) water. permit from the National to be used as coolant Water Resources Board during construction may be necessary. DENR Administrative Order No. 2016-08, Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016

Impact on groundwater: In all active work sites Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- DAO 1994- 26A for (construction) cost AWTIP Philippine drinking water a) deteriorating water Site temporary stockpile of excavated soils in flat quality standards quality due to: areas, away from main surface drainage routes,  Silt/sediments limit to maximum of 4 m high.  Solid waste Provide silt fences, silt traps, or sand bags, at  Hazardous stockpiles of aggregate materials. materials and waste Dispose of residual soil/spoil as soon as possible, to the disposal areas, or as free backfilling materials for LGU/barangay roads. Avoid stockpiling more aggregates than necessary.

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor

b) lowering of water Monitor for potential groundwater depletion in Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- level of wells in existing wells in the vicinity. Provide interim (construction) cost AWTIP nearby communities measures to avoid disrupting water supply to due to tunnelling, affected households. Investigate for proper pumping/extracting corrective action. of tunnel drainage water

THE AIR

b) Deterioration of At the project area, locate emission sources away Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- Maintain air quality within CMC di ambient air quality from sensitive receptors, e.g., concrete batching (construction) cost AWTIP national air quality Ravenna due to dust and gas and rock crushing plants at least 500m upwind of standards (NPCC 1980), Scope of emissions from: sensitive receptors. or if these are not Work available, internationally CMC di  Earthworks and accepted air quality standards, such as WHO Ravenna’s other CEMMP construction Air Quality Guidelines processes; In active work sites: Global Update, 2005 Averaging Guide mechanical Parameter tunnelling; Apply dust suppression techniques, e.g., watering Period µg/m3 with bowsers, sheeting particularly at Bigte area  stockpiling of SO2 24 hrs 20 aggregates and Water dry unpaved/exposed surfaces, stockpiles spoils, and of sand and excavated materials, at least twice NO2 1 year 40 conveyance of daily, or as necessary. 1 hour 200 spoils to PM 1 year 20 disposal areas; Protect aggregate stockpiles with sheeting to 10 24 hrs 50  increased restrict the movement of dust. transport Require trucks, particularly those hauling PM2.5 1 year 10 activities in the aggregates, to have secure covers. 24 hrs 25 construction areas and along Limit engine idling to 5 minutes. Ipo Road; Prohibit open burning of vegetation and other waste in the project area

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor  burning of Ipo Road, main access road, other roads in the vegetation and Project area, wastes; and  operation of Limit speed of all construction vehicles to max. of mechanical 40 kph on the access road to, and max. 30 kph equipment in, the site.

Noise and vibration in Use only equipment that emit least noise and Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- Adopt national standards CMC di the project area from vibration and are well maintained. (construction) cost AWTIP for construction sites and Ravenna drilling and general residential areas (NPCC, Scope of construction activities, Use facility layout to minimize noise propagation 1980). Alternatively use Work vehicle and equipment e.g. using topography / existing buildings as internationally accepted operations barriers, where possible locate noisy activities standards such as WHO. away from local communities. CMC di Control noise at source, e.g. low noise plant, Ravenna’s muffling, acoustic screening, switch off Reference / Ambient CEM Jurisdiction Standard campaigns. MP Guidelines for Receptor: Restrict use of noisy and highly vibrating Community Residential; equipment from 8AM-5PM. Necessary overtime Noise, WHO, institutional; work should: a) not go beyond 9:00PM; b) 1999 educational observe regulated noise and vibration levels; c) International Daytime not use noisy and highly vibrating equipment; and (07:00- d) should be coordinated with the barangay and 22:00): affected households. 55dBA Manage the ins and outs of hauling trucks. Nighttime (22:00- Spread out the schedule of material, waste and 07:00): spoil transport in the day (off-peak hours). 45dBA Enforce the rule of no blowing of horns. Receptor: Industrial; Strictly enforce upon workers the compliance with commercial wearing of ear mufflers, especially those who are 70dBA operating equipment. throughout the day

THE PEOPLE

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor

Involuntary Formulation of Involuntary Resettlement Plan Appropriate Resettlement Part of the Project MWSS compensation and social Compensation of the Project Affected Families Cost assistance

Provision of livelihood activities for IP and Non IP affected families Part of Contract Cost MWSS / CMC di Ravenna

Traffic due to: Institute prior coordination with the Barangay and Zero road accident and CMC di Municipality for the formulation of a traffic Part of project CMC di Ravenna/ related incidents Ravenna  inadequate capacity management and safety plan and for clearing of (construction) cost MWSS Scope of of Ipo Road (access structures encroaching into access road ROW. Work road)  expected volume of Prior to construction, clear easement of CMC di truck movement encroaching structures, most of them being Ravenna’s temporary. CEMMP

Strategically post billboards informing the public about the expected increase in volume of traffic in the influence area due to Project implementation. Post at least two weeks prior to mobilization. Coordinate with the Barangay for assistance in traffic management. Strategically post traffic flagmen along Ipo Road, equipped with two-way radio. Post sufficiently legible (reflectorized) traffic safety notice and signage at strategic locations along the entire stretch of the access road. Limit speed to 40 kph along Ipo Road, and 30 kph at construction sites and unpaved haulage roads.

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor

Potential damage of Coordinate with DPWH regarding the use of Ipo Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- CMC di existing roads used as Road. (construction) cost AWTIP Ravenna access roads due to Scope of movement of heavy Restore access roads within the MWSS Work equipment and vehicles compound to the pre-construction condition or better. CMC di Ravenna’s CEMP

Restricted access to the Inform affected communities living in Ipo Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- CMC di existing fish landing Watershed on the impact of construction works (construction) cost AWTIP Ravenna sites in Sitio Consultant on transportation and consult them for the best Scope of (identified area as the alternative route. Have alternative route and fish Work Contractor’s Work Area) and boat landing sites ready for use prior to and boat landing at Sitio commencement of construction activities. CMC di Ipo Ravenna’s CEMP

Community health and Prohibit entry of local residents into the Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- CMC di safety hazards construction area. (construction) cost AWTIP Ravenna Scope of Secure project area, including associated Work facilities particularly the storage for explosives, from unauthorized entry. CMC di Ravenna’s Implement measures to mitigate impacts on air CEMP and water quality, noise, traffic.

Workers’ health and Set up a sufficiently equipped emergency first- CMC di Ravenna PMO- safety hazard response and health care team, linked to an AWTIP ultimate response team. Provide safe housing with adequate basic services. Enforce use of protective wears when at work.

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor

Conduct pre-mobilization orientation workshop on health and safety and emergency response and evacuation procedures.

Generation of spoil and Prepare and implement a plan for the Part of project PMO- Detailed spoil disposal. preparation of the spoil disposal areas. development cost CMC di Ravenna AWTIP Engineering More than 150,000m3 is Design expected to be Minimise the volume of spoil to be disposed of by (DED) generated due to re-use in backfilling of roads, and by offering as Scope of tunnelling works, which free filling materials to government projects Work is about 190,000 m3 needing backfill materials. loose volume. Detailed Disposal area must be confined to solid ground, Engineering of low ecological and agricultural value. and Design Disposal area must not occupy drainage lines Plans and streams, and create an obstacle to streams or induced flooding.

Spoil heaps must be designed and shaped with stable side slopes and suitable drainage.

Spoils heaps must be compacted during the earthworks.

On complete, the spoil heaps must be covered with the original top soil from the site and re- vegetated

Solid waste Implement an eco-friendly solid waste Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- CMC di management at work sites and workers’ camp/s, (construction) cost AWTIP Ravenna which minimizes, re-uses, segregates and Scope of promptly disposes of generated solid waste. Work CMC di Ravenna’s CEMMP

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor Hazardous waste Locate stationary ground storage for hazardous Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- Construction waste at least 100 m away from water bodies, (construction) cost AWTIP CMC di raised to min 1 ft above high flood level. Or, use Ravenna mobile storage but should not be parked near Scope of water bodies. Work CMC di Ravenna’s Secure storage areas appropriately. Storage CEMMP facilities must be able to contain spillage.

Dispose of waste promptly and appropriately.

The contractor shall be required to implement an appropriate hazardous waste management program.

Storage of oil and grease used for the maintenance and operation of heavy equipment shall be properly built and maintained, to include bunded storage for the capacity of the containers plus 10%, and oil traps on drainage outfalls.

Public safety as related MWSS must secure the ROW. Existing above Part of project MWSS/ CPF Construction to future development ground infrastructure along ROW should be (construction) cost CMC di and activities along the limited. The public must not be allowed to Ravenna ROW encroach onto the ROW by constructing any Scope of buildings or farming the land. Work CMC di Ravenna’s CEMMP Chance finds of PCRs A suitably qualified organization or demining Part of project CMC di Ravenna PMO- Zero injury or fatality of and UXOs company should be required to survey and clear (construction) cost AWTIP personnel carrying out the construction area prior to any survey and disposal commencement of construction works. All works recovered UXOs shall be turned over to AFP or PNP EOD (Explosives and Ordnance Disposal) Zero injury or property Division. damage to nearby populations Zero injury to construction workers

Responsible Cost of Mitigation/ Potential Impact Possible Approach/ Mitigating Measures Performance Standard Guarantee Enhancement Implement Monitor Implementation of a UXO awareness program should be done to reduce the safety risks to the surrounding community.

Any recovered PCR chance finds shall be reported and turned over to National Historical Commission or National Museum.

Table 34: EMP for the Operations Phase

Potential Possible approach/ Mitigating Measures Cost of Mitigation/ Responsible Performance Standard Guarantee Impact enhancement

THE PEOPLE

Public safety as MWSS must secure the ROW. Existing above Part of project maintenance MWSS Concession agreement related to future ground infrastructure along ROW should be cost development and limited. The public must not be allowed to CPF (represented activities along encroach onto the ROW by constructing any by 2 water the ROW buildings or farming the land. concessionaires - MWCI and MWSI)

THE WATER

Changes in During the operation phase, flows shall be MWSS hydrology along monitored downstream of Ipo dam. Angat River CPF (represented during dry season As practice in the Philippines, Ipo dam should by 2 water maintain 10% riparian flow downstream of Ipo concessionaires - dam. This flow aims to allow migration of fish MWCI and species and to maintain natural characteristics of MWSI) the river downstream of Ipo dam.

6.3. Institutional Arrangement 6.3.1. Existing Arrangement The MWSS organization includes a Project Management Office (PMO) that looks after the implementation of its projects. The PMO falls under the Office of the Deputy Administrator for Engineering and Technical Operations Group. This project will be managed by the Project Management Office - Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (see Figure 15). The PMO-AWTIP includes the project manager and his administrative support staff, a construction group as technical staff, the contractor, and the construction supervision consultant. The Resettlement Group is within the Engineering and Project Management Department - Support Services (EPMD-Support Services). Manila Water Company, Inc. (MWCI) and Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (MWSI) have their own resettlement and monitoring team to assist MWSS as embodied in the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). MWSS has five consultants overseeing the implementation of the Watershed Management Plan for Ipo watershed. The Consultants were previously employed by Bantay Kalisan, a non- government organization of ABS-CBN Foundation, which was contracted by MWSS to manage the Ipo watershed and draft the community-based Watershed Management Plan. The implementation of the Ipo Watershed Management Plan includes tree planting, patrolling and organizing the People’s Organization in the watershed. The People’s Organization is predominantly composed of the Dumagats, the indigenous group in Ipo watershed. The People’s Organization is funded by both Concessionaires through MWSS. The two concessionaires, Manila Water Company Inc. (MWCI) and Maynilad Water Services Inc. (MWSI), both have their own Environmental Department within their respective organizations. These departments generally oversee environmental concerns of the operation of their respective companies, including corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. The Common Purpose Facility (CPF) is composed of staff from MWCI and MWSI. The CPF manages all infrastructures from Ipo dam, tunnels from Ipo to Bigte, Bigte portal Basins and aqueducts from Bigte to La Mesa dam. The concessionaires’ staffs, assigned in the CPF, take turns in being the head of the CPF.

Figure 20: MWSS Corporate Office Organizational Structure

6.3.2. Proposed Arrangements for Environmental Management For a more-focused management of social and environmental safeguard concerns of the project, it is proposed that a Safeguards Group (SG) be set up within the AWTIP PMO through its Consulting Firm. The SG will have its own social safeguard officer and Environmental Officer (EO) which the MWSS envisioned to provide for this project. The EO will handle the project’s environmental safeguard concerns/ environmental management. Qualified representations from the two concessionaires in the SG will be required at least 3 months prior to operation.

AWTIP Project Implementation Officer

Project Manager

Contract Supervision

Construction Safeguard Consultants Specialists

Environmental Social Safeguard Specialist Specialist

Construction Safeguard Group Specialists

Environmental Social Safeguard Specialist Specialist

Figure 21 PMO-AWTIP with Consulting Firm

The following institutions are the key players for the environmental management of the Project a) The MWSS, as the Executing Agency (EA) and the Implementing Agency (IA), for the project will be responsible for setting up of PMO; engaging an environmental officer for the PMO; facilitation the Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) as required by DAO 2017- 15; and ensuring an environment responsible procurement of a CMC di Ravenna. b) The Project Management Office together with the Consulting Firm for AWTIP (PMO- AWTIP), specifically the EO of its SG, will be responsible for overseeing the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and conditions

prescribed in the Environmental Compliance Certificate. c) Environment Safeguard Specialist for project implementation support will provide technical assistance and guidance to the AWTIP PMO, particularly its EO, in the implementation of the EMP and ECC conditions. d) Social Safeguard Specialist for project implementation support will provide technical assistance and guidance to the AWTIPPMO, particularly its EO, in the implementation of the SDMP, IPP, SMRs and other social safeguards issues. e) ADB will clear and approve any necessary revisions of the IEE and its EMP. ADB will clear/concur with any necessary IEE revision and/or EMP updating. Consequently, it will review environmental monitoring reports and undertake missions to review the environmental performance of the Project. f) CMC di Ravenna incorporates the EMP prescribed environmental considerations in design and implements the EMP during detailed engineering design and during construction. g) Concessionaires (MWCI and MWSI), as operators, will provide qualified environmental officers to work closely with the AWTIP PMO, commencing at least 3 months prior to construction, and implement the EMP and ECC conditions. h) DENR/EMB Central Office will review and approve, respectively, the Project’s EIS and conduct review of the monitoring reports from the AWTIP PMO and MMT. i) MMT will conduct the periodic monitoring prescribed in DAO 2017-15. j) Local Government Units, namely the Municipality of Norzagaray (through its Municipal Planning and Development Office and Municipal Environmental and Natural Resources Office) and Barangays Bigte and San Mateo will provide representations in the MMT.

Table 35: Institutional Responsibilities

Table 36: Prior to construction During construction10 During operation Institutional Responsibilities  Decide on  Decide on environmental MWSS  Set up the PMO-AWTIP. environmental management matters Engage an Environmental Officer for management requiring senior the PMO-AWTIP. matters requiring management  Organize the Multipartite Monitoring senior intervention/action/ Team (MMT) management resolution.  Sign MOA with DENR and NPC on intervention/action/ Angat Watershed and Forest Range resolution. Protected Area  Ensure an environmentally responsible procurement of a CMC di Ravenna.  Ensure an environmentally responsible maintenance policy  Review and endorse the CEMMP and the spoil management plan to ADB for approval.  Conduct  Conduct PMO-AWTIP  Update IEE and EMP, as inspections and inspections and necessary. spot checks to spot checks to (Assisted by the  Coordinate with CMC di Ravenna to monitor the monitor the Consulting Firm) ensure the incorporation of updated performance of Performance of findings and mitigation the CMC di the Operator in  Measures in design and bidding Ravenna in implementing the documents. implementing the EMP.  Ensure EMP is part of the bidding CEMMP/EMP  Review Monthly and documents, EMP clauses are  Review Monthly and Annual EMRs of incorporated in bidding documents, semi-annual EMRs of Operator. contracts. CMC di Ravenna.  Prepare the Project’s  Ensure DENR’s approval of EIS is  Submit the Semi-Annual Annual EMR for granted prior to Notice of Award of EMRs prepared by CMC submission to ADB, D&B Contract. to ADB until loan closure or as  Review CMC di Ravenna’s EMP agreed. (CEMMP) against EMP and the spoil management plan.  Endorse the CEMMP and spoil management plan to MWSS Management Team for ADB approval.  Conduct IEC, together with the Social Safeguard Officer in the PMO- AWTIP, for social preparation.  Ensure CMC di Ravenna has obtained permits for tree-cutting and use of explosive for construction not later than 3 days after receipt of Notice of Award.

 Provide technical  Environmental  Provide technical assistance advice/assistance Safeguard Specialist and guidance to PMO-AWTIP e.g., preparation of in the: Semi-annual EMR for (a member of - Update of IEE and EMP, as ADB, review of results Construction necessary of environmental Supervision Team) - Review of bidding documents * effects monitoring. - Incorporation of environmental criteria and weights in the evaluation of bids * - Review of environmental aspects of bid documents *  Review of CEMMP against the SPS- compliant EMP

Institution Prior to construction During construction During operation

Social  Provide technical assistance and  Provide Safeguards guidance to PMO-AWTIP in the: assistance and Specialist Preparation of plans and programs (i.e. guidance in the SDMP, IP Plan) for social safeguards monitoring of (a member of Public Consultation and IEC Program for social Construction the project safeguards Supervision implementation Team) and compliance

ADB  Review Semi-  Review Annual EMR.  Review and clear updated IEE/EMP, if annual EMR. applicable  Approval of the Spoil Management Plan and the CEMMP Design and  Implement Build  Incorporate mitigation measures in mitigation (D&B) design and bidding documents. measures and Contractor –  Incorporate EMP as part of bidding conduct internal CMC di documents, EMP clauses in bidding EMP Ravenna documents, contracts. implementation  Prepare a Contractor’s EMP that monitoring. addresses as minimum the requirements  Conduct of the EMP. environmental  Obtain Tree-Cutting Permit and Permit quality monitoring to Use as prescribed in SPS-compliant EMP. (If an independent Licensed Laboratory will not be engaged)  Prepare Monthly and Semi-annual EMRs.

Operators  Perform  Implement mitigation (MWSI and  Ensure an environmentally responsible maintenance measures and conduct MWCI) maintenance policy in congruence to works in internal EMP MWSS maintenance policy accordance with implementation monitoring. the maintenance  Prepare Monthly and policy Annual EMRs.

DENR  Review MMT  Review and approve Project EIS. reports.

MMT  Conduct environmental monitoring in compliance With DAO 2017-15.

Municipality  Participate in the  Participate in the monitoring and Barangay  Facilitate social preparation. monitoring of the of the performance of  Participate in the MMT activities. performance of Operator in EMP CMC di Ravenna implementation. in EMP  Facilitate (and participate implementation. in) public consultation/s and  Facilitate (and  information disclosure participate in)  Review EMRs. public  Assist in ensuring the consultation/s and observance of the GRM. information disclosure  Review EMRs.  Assist in ensuring the observance of the GRM.

6.3.3. Implementation Schedule Environmental management will be implemented from the detailed design phase through to construction and operation. Table 37 presents the indicative time frame of key EMP activities in relation to Project implementation schedule.

Table 37: Environmental Management Implementation Schedule

Activity Indicative Time Frame

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION CMC di Ravenna’s Mobilization Q1 Y1 Surveys and Investigations Q1 Y1 Detailed Design Q1 Y1 – Q2 Y1 Design Review and Approvals Q1 Y1 – Q3 Y1 Construction Q2 Y1 – Q2 Y5 Maintenance Period Q2 Y5 – Q2 Y6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Overall Y0 (in place at least 2 months prior to bidding 1. Engagement of Environmental Specialist for process for D&B starts) project implementation support

2. PMO-AWTIP's submission of Environmental Monitoring Report (EMR)

8th day after effective month - Monthly EMR for Project's Monthly Progress Report

8th day after effective 6-mo. period - Semi-Annual EMR during D&B for submission to ADB

8th day after effective year - Annual EMR for submission to ADB

8th day after effective 6-mo. period - Self-monitoring report (DAO2017-15)

Prior to Notice of Award (NOA)/Notice to Proceed (NTP) Y0 - prior to EIS submission 3. Secure MOA (in place of SAPA)

Y0 - prior to ICC application 4. Submit EIS for EMB CO review & secure approval from DENR CO

BETWEEN NTP & PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION MOBILIZATION Q4 Y0 (prior to Notice of Award) 5. Inclusion of the EMP in the bid documents; obtaining ECC

required prior to 6. Finalization of EMP, (if applicable) revision of IEE Q1 Y1 (ADB’s concurrence revision) Q1 Y1 7. ADB review and approval of revised IEE and EMP.

Activity Indicative Time Frame

Q1 Y1 8. Community preparation (IEC, including disclosure of Final IEE and its EMP)

Q1 Y1, before start of works on site or 9. Preparation of CEMMP by selected CMC establishment of construction- related facilities. di Ravenna, review of CEMMP against SPS-compliant EMP, clearance from ADB

Construction Period (Mobilization to Demobilization) Q2 Y1 Q2 Y5 10. Implementation of mitigation measures – and conduct of environmental effects monitoring following the CEMMP.

Q3 Y2 Q2 Y3 11. Submission of Environmental Monitoring – Report (EMR)

5th day of the month following the effective - Monthly, by CMC di Ravenna month

5th day of the month following the effective 6- - Semi-annually, by CMC di Ravenna month period

8th day after effective 6-month period - Self-monitoring Report (DAO 2017-15 compliance), by PMO AWTIP

Week 2 after the effective 6-month period - Monitoring Report (DAO 2017-15 compliance) by MMT

Operation Period (potentially could start even before Maintenance Period is over) Starting Q2 Y6 12. Implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring activities as specified in the EMP

Starting Q2 Y6 13. Submission of EMR

5th day of the month following the effective - Monthly, by Concessionaires month

5th day after effective year - Yearly, by Concessionaires

6.4. Environmental Monitoring Plan

152. Two types of monitoring are required -- environmental and compliance/ performance monitoring. Environmental effects monitoring will cover: (1) ambient air quality; (2) noise levels; (3) surface water quality; (4) terrestrial (flora and fauna) ecology; (5) river ecology; (6) community health and safety prior to construction and during construction and operation; and (7) workers’ health and safety during construction and operation (maintenance and repair). Compliance monitoring will monitor and evaluate the performance of the CMC di Ravenna, Concessionaire, and PMO-

AWTIP in complying with, or adhering to, the CEMMP/EMP.

6.5.1. Monitoring Mechanism

153. A hierarchy of monitoring teams is presented below. a) The base layer of monitoring will be done by the CMC di Ravenna to ensure that construction impacts on environment and its personnel are within the acceptable limits set in the CMC di Ravenna Environmental Management Plan (CEMP). b) The second layer is the internal monitoring of CPF and MWSS. The monitoring is intended to provide information useful in promoting consistency and compliance with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and compliance with the ECC conditions and continued update of the EMP for sustained responsiveness to project construction, operations and impacts. c) The third layer is an external monitoring by the multipartite monitoring team, which is composed of representatives of MWSS, CPF, Brgy San Mateo LGU, Brgy Bigte LGU, EMB CO, relevant government agencies. The Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) shall be organized to encourage public participation, to promote greater stakeholder vigilance and to provide the appropriate check and balance mechanisms in the monitoring of project implementation. d) The fourth layer is an external monitoring by DENR. The monitoring is intended to check compliance to the ECC conditions and effectiveness of environmental measures e) The fifth layer monitoring will be undertaken by ADB. This layer of monitoring is intended to ensure that construction and operation activities comply with ADB policies and safeguards. f) Independent Monitoring Team is an external independent team to undertake independent audit and evaluate effectiveness of the environmental measures implemented by the contractor and the project’s operators (the concessionaires – MWCI and MWSI) to mitigate the environmental Project Impacts referred to in this IEE. The independent monitoring of the environmental measures shall be undertaken during construction phase and for the first five years of operation.

Table 38: Composition of the Multipartite Monitoring Team MMT Member Proposed Role Scope of Responsibility MENRO MMT chairman overall responsible in the monitoring activities and reports of MMT MMT Co- assumes the responsibility of chairmanship in chairman meetings and monitoring activities in the absence of the Chairman (a) Brgy Captain MMT members for (a) To conduct water quality monitoring in quarterly of San Mateo, water quality basis and monitor the proponent and contractor’s Federico Cruz water sampling activities; compliance to ECC and (b) NWRB, Sevillo D EMP David Jr (b) Prepare report on water quality results and findings (c) Bigte Tanod and submit to MMT Chair for review and comments Chief, Dioscoro Madrid

(a) Barangay MMT members for air (c) To conduct air quality monitoring in quarterly/ semi- Captain of Bigte, quality annual basis (wet and dry season) and monitor the Jovina Lamadrid proponent and contractor’s air sampling activities. (b) Brgy Bigte TODA (d) Prepare report on air quality results and findings

President, and submit to MMT Chair for review and comments

(d) NPC Senior MMT members for (e) To conduct biodiversity monitoring (flora and fauna) Engineer, Randy biodiversity in semi-annual basis (wet and dry season) and David Monsanto monitor the proponent and contractor’s biodiversity (e) Dumagat monitoring activities. (f) Chieftain, Ochie Prepare report on biodiversity survey results and Aquino findings and submit to MMT Chair for review and comments

(f) Municipal Health MMT members for (g) To conduct social monitoring every year and Officer, Dr. social monitor the proponent and contractor’s social George Peppard monitoring activities. Paitim (h) Prepare report on grievance case, socio economic (g) NCIP Area survey, health and safety, public health results and Manager, Regina findings and submit to MMT Chair for review and

comments Panlillio (h) NGO, (TBA)

154. Table 39 summarizes the proposed environmental monitoring plan, which identifies the main environmental aspects, the potential impact arising, the key parameters to be monitored, and the sampling and management plan. The monitoring plan focuses on the construction period

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as no significant environmental impacts were identified for the operations phase. Currently, MWSS carries out daily observations of the raw water quality at the inlet structure. Hence, it would not be necessary to have the same during the operation of Tunnel 4. 155. Existing conditions have been measured during the conduct of the first draft of IEE, 2014 July. The results may be adopted as the baseline conditions against which results of environmental effects monitoring during construction will be evaluated. The environmental monitoring plan covers water quality, air quality, construction noise, and vegetation monitoring. 156. The monitoring plan should be updated to reflect the DENR recommendation specified in the ECC. The bid documents for the procurement of CMC di Ravenna should include implementation of environmental measures and drafting of the CEMMP. This shall be submitted to MWSS for review and approval

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Table 39: Environmental Monitoring Plan Potential Impacts Parameter to be Sampling and Measurement Plan Lead Person Annual per Environmental Monitored Estimated Cost Sector Method Frequency Location Indicate coordinates/description of location PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The People Social and IEC Note: These activities were Stakeholders/ residents near MWSS environmental Consultation done prior to project construction areas and tunnel awareness FGD construction and shall be ROW continued during construction and operation CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The Land Vegetation cover Visual inspection pre-construction survey of construction areas where Environment specialist of vegetation at construction vegetation clearance is done the project Loss and damage to sites an stake out / fence off terrestrial vegetation vegetation to be retained

Over-clearance and weekly monitoring of damage to vegetation cove around vegetation around construction sites, the construction sites Monitoring of revegetation of temporary construction sites in accordance with the C- EMP requirements for the restoration of temporary construction sites.

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The Water Temperature Refer to DAO 2016-08 Monthly water quality Angat River Upper Reach Project Environment P 100/ sample*2 bottle/ sampling to include wet specialist station/ quarter*4

Water quality Grab sampling; RA 9275 lab and dry seasons. Upstream Ipo Dam quarters/ yr. = P800 analysis method Deterioration of pH P60/ sample*2 bottle/ water quality in Ipo Refer to DAO 2016-08 After every accidental (N14 53’ 41.6’’; E121 10’ 10.8’’) Darn and Bigte spillage event. station/ quarter*4

River during Daily observations of Ipo Dam Site (in the vicinity of quarters/ yr. = P 480

construction water quality. construction area, near the intake P230/ sample*2 bottle/

Conductivity of Tunnel 1,2 and 3) (N14 52’ station/ quarter*4

2 per month water quality 23.5’’; E121 10’ 0.08’’) quarters/ yr. = P1840 sampling to include wet and dry seasons. Downstream Ipo Dam (N14 52’ P500/ sample*2 bottle/ Total Suspended Solids 36.8’’; E121 10’ 42.3’’) station/ month*12 After every accidental mos./yr. = P12,000 spillage event. Bigte DO P345/ sample*2 bottle/ Upstream Bigte Tributary station/ quarter*4

quarters/ yr. = P2760 Sitio settling ( N14 51.538 E121 BOD5 P800/ sample*1 05.543) sample/ month*12 mos./ yr. = P9,600 Bigte river (N14 50.431 E121 Oil and Grease 05.453) P700/ sample* 1 sample/ month* 12 Sta. Maria River (N14 50.066 E121 mos./ yr. = P8,400 Total Coliform 04.563) P990/ sample* 1 sample/ month* 12 Faecal Coliform 750 MPN/ 100 mL P500/ sample* 1 sample/ month* 12 mos./ yr. = P6,000

Extraction of water Volume of water Flow meter to be installed at the daily Ipo Dam Intake MWSS Included in the from Angat River extracted from Angat intake in Ipo dam operation cost above the allowable River (Ipo Dam) volume (water rights) Please note that the current allowable water rights (from Angat reservoir = 46 m3/s; from flows from Umiray = 4 m3/s; Ipo catchment between the Angat and Ipo dams = 2 m3/s.

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The Air Dust deposition (Total See recommended methods for a) Pre-construction Ipo Dam Site Project environment P65,000/ 3 sampling The air deterioration Suspended Particulates) sampling in testing of ambient monthly dust deposition specialist sites for ambient air of ambient air quality air parameters stated in DAO monitoring Brgy Hall of San Mateo quality and noise* 12 during construction 2000-81 mos./ yr. = P780,000 Where haulage b) Monthly monitoring MWSS Bigte Portal exceeds 200 heavy during construction goods vehicle (HGV) And/or any haul routes on unpaved per day roads near communities.

NOx See recommended methods for Monthly analysis while At a sample of villages along haul sampling in testing of ambient construction traffic roads caring more than 200 HGVs/ air parameters stated in DAO exceeds 200 HGVs / day day 2000-81

Oxygen and Carbon BS6164 Construction: 2011 Throughout the Direct monitoring of carbon dioxide Air quality in the monoxide tunnelling construction within tunnel. tunnel Continuous monitoring of oxygen with equipment conforming to BS EN 50104 Construction Noise Average ambient noise Direct read out Minimum of 15 minute Ipo Dam site (Construction site/ levels LAeq measurements at CWA) Increase noise different times of the levels due to (a) Maximum noise levels working day and at night Brgy Hall of San Mateo blasting, (b) general LAeqmax in the event of night-time construction working. MWSS Bigte Portal (Construction activities, and (c) Site/ CWA) haulage traffic (a)Pre-construction /CWA) baseline at all the construction sites an main haul roads and a selection of potential receptors nearby

(b) Monthly monitoring at all the construction sites, Including camps, spoil disposal areas, and along the main haulage roads and a selection of potential receptors nearby. (c) Following complaints from local communities at the complainant's property and on the nearby construction sites.

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The people Public health and safety FGD annual Sitio Ipo, Sitio Copra, Sitio Anginan P450,000 of Barangay San Mateo Socio-economic Interviews indicators (identification Sitio Upper, Sitio Spar Settling and and assessment of the Use of secondary data from Sitio Poblacion of Barangay Bigte socio-economic impacts Brgy health centres of the construction activities of the tunnel to Brgys Bigte and San Mateo)

Socio economic indicators: populations; land and house ownership; household income; resettlement; livelihood; LGU income; electric power; social facilities and infrastructure; employment; and education. Assessment of potential health hazards and human health risks to Brgys Bigte and San Mateo to include the following: health impacts; morbidity; mortality; health facilities; environmental sanitation; health profile of Brgy Bigte and San Mateo; Vital health indices; malnutrition; and environmental quality and health

OPERATIONAL PHASE

The Water Temperature Refer to DAO 2016-08 Monthly water quality Angat River Upper Reach Project Environment P 100/ sample*2 bottle/ Water quality sampling to include wet specialist station/ quarter*4 Deterioration of water Grab sampling; RA 9275 lab and dry seasons. Upstream Ipo Dam quarters/ yr. = P800 quality in Ipo Darn pH analysis method and Bigte River After every accidental   P60/ sample*2 bottle/ during construction (N14 53’ 41.6’’; E121 10’ 10.8’’) spillage event. station/ quarter*4 conductivity Ipo Dam Site (in the vicinity of quarters/ yr. = P 480

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construction area, near the intake P230/ sample*2 of Tunnel 1,2 and 3) (N14 52’ TSS bottle/ station/ 23.5’’; E121 10’ 0.08’’) quarter*4 quarters/  yr. = P1840 Downstream Ipo Dam (N14 52’ DO 36.8’’; E121 10’ 42.3’’) P500/ sample*2

Bigte bottle/ station/ quarter*4 quarters/yr. BOD5 Upstream Bigte Tributary = P4,000

Sitio settling ( N14 51.538 E121 P345/ sample*2 bottle/ station/ Oil and Grease 05.543) quarter*4 quarters/ Bigte river (N14 50.431 E121 yr. = P2760 05.453) Total Coliform P800/ sample*2 Sta. Maria River (N14 50.066 E121 sample/ quarter*4

04.563) quarters/ yr. = P6,400

Faecal Coliform P700/ sample* 2 sample/ quarter* 4 quarters/ yr. = P5,600 P1035/ sample* 2 sample/ quarter* 4 quarters/ yr. = P8,280 P500/ sample* 2 sample/ quarter* 4 quarters/ yr. = P4,000

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6.6. 6.4.5. Reporting

157. Environmental monitoring activities and findings shall be documented for reporting, recording, verification, referral and evaluation of the environmental performance of the Project. The documentation shall also be used as basis in correcting and enhancing further environmental mitigation and monitoring. 158. Environmental Monitoring Reports (EMRs) shall be prepared as follows: a) Monthly, by the CMC di Ravenna during detailed design and construction and by the Concessionaires during operation, to be submitted to the PMO-AWTIP, to include, at least: (1) physical progress of the Subproject; (2) mitigation measures implemented in line with the CEMMP/EMP; (3) grievances received, resolved, closed and those directed to other mechanisms; and (4) if any, engineering investigation and corrective actions after a seismic or extreme weather event. The monthly EMRs will be submitted to the PMO-AWTIP. b) Monthly, by the PMO-AWTIP, incorporating the monthly reports of CMC di Ravenna or Concessionaires into the overall monthly progress report of Project. In addition, to include: (i) feedbacks from informal random interviews with affected communities; (iii) findings from regular inspections and unannounced spot checks; and assessment of the environmental performance of CMC di Ravenna or Concessionaires. c) Semi-annually during detailed design and construction and annually during operation until loan closure or as agreed, by the PMO-AWTIP to be submitted to the ADB to fulfil the environmental agreement in the loan. The Semi-Annual EMRs will not only report on the progress and results of environmental monitoring and compliance of the CEMMP/EMP implementation but also: (1) assess the effectiveness of instituted measures; (2) point out violation/s, if any; (3) assess/recommend corrective actions; and (4) cite any coordination made for corrective actions and, if applicable, certifications for having instituted them effectively. It shall also feature any innovative mitigation measures applied by the CMC di Ravenna or Concessionaires, and other lessons learned in CEMMP/EMP implementation. These will be useful in adjusting the CEMMP/EMP to adapt to real ground situations. (Proposed adjustments/ enhancement of the CEMMP/EMP must have prior ADB clearance.) 159. The monthly EMRs by the CMC di Ravenna may adopt the outline, as applicable, to facilitate the preparation of the Semi-Annual EMRs. In compliance with the Revised Procedural Manual for DAO 2017-15 and addressing the conditions of ECC, the environmental monitoring reports shall be prepared as follows and submitted to EMB CO: a) PMO- AWTIP, through its Consulting Firm shall prepare and submit Self-Monitoring Report to EMB CO quarterly basis following the outline prescribed in the Revised Procedural Manual for DAO 03-30. b) MMT shall prepare Compliance Monitoring and Validation Report as the MMT Report Form on semi-annual basis.

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VII. Public Consultation, Information Disclosure and Grievance Redress Mechanism

7.2. Public Consultation

160. A series of consultation meetings were held with the communities, barangay councils of Brgy. San Mateo and Brgy. Bigte, NCIP, Dumagats, NGOs and Municipality of Norzagaray. The information about the project’s environmental issues and concerns and technical data of the project were discussed in Tagalog, a dialect which the locals and indigenous peoples (IP) can understand. In addition to the public consultation, focus group discussions were held with the IP communities. Flyers about the project was also distributed. 161. The following issues were raised during the first and second public consultations with Brgy. San Mateo, Brgy. Bigte and Dumagat communities.

Table 40: Summary of Public Consultation 2013 July and 2014 July

Issues, Concerns, Interests from Stakeholders MWSS (and consultants, NWRB) Response Lack of domestic water supply in Brgys. Bigte and Another MWSS project is underway and the San Mateo. feasibility of treated water distribution in Bulacan. Identification of affected person (APs), especially MWSS assures to have proper survey of the tunnel the residents along MWSS ROW. Concerns on ROW before project commences. Affected the process of demolition of properties (with land residents will be compensated if relocation is titles and illegal settlers) along MWSS ROW. needed. Impacts on road safety due to increase in traffic The residents are aware that their houses and/ or and transportation of spoil from the construction their house plot fences have encroached in the site to temporary spoil disposal. Identification of ROW. The 1m road easement on both sides of the the roads likely to be affected, especially during road is recognized by the residents. the construction phase. Mitigating measures on the potential impacts caused by the transportation of spoil will be included in the EMP With a possible mitigating measure. Employment opportunities for the local population The community will be prioritized for jobs suitable (Brgys. Bigte and San Mateo). to their acquired skills and capability. Generation and management of spoil. Residents The residents’ request for spoil may be coursed requested whether they could take the spoil for through the barangay council and such their personal use, e.g. as backfill material in their consolidated request will be forwarded to MWSS/ house plots. Spoil can also be used as community Design and Build Contractor. road backfill especially in dirt roads. Commencement of the project construction. The project is expected to start in 2015. For the project to push through, several approvals are needed with the release of ADB loan. The barangays are keen to having another Consultation meetings with affected communities consultation/ discussion on the project will be conducted by MWSS prior to construction. implementation prior to the start of construction. Determination of alternative routes and fish Alternative route and boat landing should be landing at Sitio Ipo. identified prior to commencement of tunnel construction. Potential boat landing site was identified near the mouth of Sapang Munti, a tributary of Angat River near the dam site.

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Table 41: Summary of Public Consultation – 2016 August

Issues, Concerns, Interests from Stakeholders MWSS (and consultants, NWRB) Response

Mr. Frederico ‘Dadeng’ Cruz, Brgy Captain of Brgy San Mateo (in his opening remarks): lack of water supply in Brgy San Mateo; water supply in host barangays

The water being allocated to Metro Manila and nearby areas are coming from their community but the host community do not have water. They also have plans to have the constituents sign a petition and present it to MWSS. The main problem of the barangay is water ~This was noted by MWSS. MWSS considering that IPO Dam is located in the area. He hopes that the MWSS will soon have plans for water expressed that there are plans underway for supply to their community. the community’s water supply.

Mr. Geronimo G Cristobal, Vice Mayor of the Municipality of Norzagaray, Bulacan: water supply project in host barangays

The Vice Mayor encouraged everyone to listen and be aware of the project and even extend help I needed. He stated that the project will not only help the nearby area but also the neighbouring communities like Metro Manila.

He briefly mentioned about a well that they had was tested by the Norzagaray Water District but it is dry and that the land is of volcanic ash composition and there is no opportunity to create a deep well. Also expressed that the community of San Mateo is very lucky as the community will be host to the Tunnel 4 project. However, ~This was noted by MWSS. he is unhappy that the host barangay do not have MWSS discussed very brief Water supply. He also mentioned about a deep well on the land of his kin Cruz’ of San Mateo and asked a Project information about the Manager of the Norzagaray Water District for a pump out test. Initially, it was said that the deep well can supply up Bulacan Bulk Water Supply to 300 households, when they were to install the Project. submersible pump, he was informed that the lower part of the land is skewed that instead of a 3-meter elevation, it is just half. So instead of servicing 300 households, the system can only supply 150 households. He expressed that the local government unit does not have any capacity to fund a water supply project. He informed the audience that they then needed around Php60Million to fund the project and how small it is compared to the current AWTIP project of $3.2billion. He hopes that assistance could be extended to the community water supply project and hopefully after the project, the community will no longer have water issues.

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~Ms. Mildred, Socio-

economic Consultant of

MWSS, advised that as

Part of the ADB’s social safeguards this will be duly compensated. Also another advice to secure a permit was given. That the best thing to do for now is to secure a permit for the well and to transfer it for now. An information that an exemption to secure a permit for well’s is Mr. Gilbert, IPO Dam resident: domestic well near MWSS only for 6 people has also been provided. Asked on advice on a well inside his property which is a few meters away from MWSS’s right of way as this will be ~NWRB asked if such well had been secured impacted most especially that he has livestock at his of a permit from NWRB. NWRB explained that property. The well is currently his source of water for process by which a well is constructed and domestic use. should be secured of a permit from NWRB

~MWSS responded that this will not be affected as the tunnel is below the ground and IPO Dam resident: impact of the project to the creek as the creek is above the ground and the water domestic water source of the community flow on the tunnel will only come from the Raised an issue about a creek on the location of the water stored on the Dam. That the tunnels are project as this is there water source for laundry and sealed and will not get water from any other washing the dishes. source.

Ms. Cora Canlas, resident from Sitio Copra of Brgy San Mateo: other water sources for Brgy San Mateo ~MWSS discussed about the Bulacan project Raised a concern to separate the AWTIP project from the which will have a separate public consultation current issue of the locals as 3 years completion is a long like this and it has already been awarded to wait time for them. She also conducted a study and San Miguel Corporation. So the community wanted to confirm some possible water sources in Sitio will have to wait for the public consultation by Copra such as having reservoir in the area and this may San Miguel for the Bulacan Bulk Project. take 1 year at most.

Mr Vanderleaf Capulungan, EIA Review Committee Chair: EIA information, IEC, Grievance Mechanism, project activity funding. He encouraged everyone to raise their issues and concerns as early as now. He showed the public a copy of EIA main report (Annexes not included) which he and his team are reviewing. He informed everyone who needs to know information about the project and its impact can get a copy from the barangay. The audience was advised that once ECC has been issued and all necessary permits granted, this project will commence. As much as possible issues and concerns must be raised as there is still safeguard for the people which is called grievance mechanism. All concerns must be raised so that funds for such endeavour, activities can be appropriated accordingly.

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Summary of Public Consultation – 2018 June 162. The Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), in coordination with the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Norzagaray, Bulacan, Barangay Officials, CMC di Ravenna (contractor) and ARUP (consultant), conducted a public consultation with the residents of Barangays San Mateo (135 attendees) and Bigte (69 attendees), Norzagaray, Bulacan on 1 June 2018. Another round of public consultation with the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) residing in Sitio Anginan/Pako/Santol, Sitio Sapang Munti, Sitio Ipo, Sitio Dyke, & other IP Communities from the Ipo Dam Area was carried out on 26 June 2018 to meet the following objectives: 1) To inform the public of the current project progress of the Angat Water Transmission Improvement Project (AWTIP) 2) To educate the residents on the safety measures to be undertaken during the transport of heavy equipment along the Ipo Road leading to Ipo Site (Construction of tunnel from Ipo to Bigte)

163. The technical details and progress of the project and the safety measures to be undertaken during the transport of Heavy Equipment along the Ipo Road were presented in a manner that is easily understood by the residents (local language) to encourage active participation in the proceedings, with the aid of a PowerPoint presentation. A video presentation on how the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) works to excavate tunnel with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata was also shown to the residents for them to have a better appreciation of the TBM. Some of the residents were seen taking pictures and videos of the presentation which showed their keen interest on the project.

164. The MWSS team also gave emphasis on the advantages of using TBMs compared to drill and blast (D & B): 1. The TBM has the ability of limiting the disturbance to the surrounding ground/areas and producing a smooth tunnel wall, without open excavations 2. More efficient than drilling and blasting (D & B) which result to shortened completion times. 3. Safety considerations for the workers and the residents

165. The Project Team mentioned that as of 1 June 2018, the TBM has accomplished 1.04185 kms length of tunnel and the longest accomplishment in a day is pegged at 35 meters 166. The results of the Ipo Road inspection conducted on 26 April 2018 were also presented in the vernacular for the residents to have a better understanding of the Safety Measures / Traffic Management Plan.

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Public Consultation at Ipo Watershed, Norzagaray Bulacan

Things to consider in Impact Prospect Solution transporting heavy equipment

(Mga dapat ayusin sa paglilipat (Mga kaukulang hakbang) ng mga Heavy Equipment)

The Arc boundary of Brgy. Bigte Very Low, CMC di Ravenna to coordinate with the and Brgy San Mateo in Manageable officials of the respective barangays. Norzagaray Bulacan which is (Makikipag-ugnayan ang CMC di Ravenna sa made of concrete and steel. The mga opisyal ng nabanggit na barangay) Maximum height level that can pass through the arc is too low for heavy equipments.

(Ang Boundary Arc ng Brgy. Bigte at Brgy. San Mateo, Norzagaray, Bulacan ay masyadong mababa para makadaan ang mga heavy equipment. Ito ay gawa sa bakal at semento)

Cable / Electrical Wires Low, CMC to coordinate with Electrical Power obstructions in the highway in Manageable Supplier (MERALCO) regarding the situation particular locations such as: and to inform them of the particular height/width/length of the heavy equipment  In front of Lot No. 022, Sitio which will be passing in the area for them to Compra. be able to arrange and fix the cable  Nearby Iglesia ni Cristo, obstructions and/or temporary power outage Sitio Compra. in the area to secure the safety during the  Nearby San Mateo Brgy. transport. Hall  Residential Houses before IPO compound gate. (Makikipag-ugnayan ang CMC di Ravenna

sa MERALCO kaugnay sa sukat (Mababang kable ng kuryente sa (laki/haba/lapad) ng mga heavy equipment mga sumusunod na lokasyon: para maiayos ang mga kable ng kuryente sa kahabaan ng Ipo Road at posibleng a. *Tapat ng Bahay na may Bilang pansamantalang pagpapatigil sa daloy ng 022 kuryente habang isinasagawa ang paglilipat b. *Sitio Compra para masiguro ang kaligtasan ng lahat) c. *Iglesia ni Cristo d. *San Mateo Barangay Hall * Kabahayan malapit sa Ipo Compound Gate)

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Temporary Structures built along Low to medium  MWSS will have indications on the the Ipo Road boundary of their Right-of-Way (demarcation line).

 MWSS and CMC di Ravenna to (Mga pansamantalang istruktura coordinate with the Local Government of sa kahabaan ng Ipo Road) Norzagaray, Bulacan for the conduction of consultation and information

dissemination together with the residents along the stretch of Ipo Road.

(Maglalagay ang MWSS ng mga tanda (markers) para matukoy ang hangganan ng Right of Way ng MWSS (demarcation line)

Makikipag-ugnayan ang CMC di Ravenna at MWSS sa Lokal na Pamahalaan ng Norzagaray, Bulacan para sa konsultasyon / pakikipag-usap sa mga naninirahan sa kahabaan ng Ipo Road.)

Illegally parked vehicles along Low to medium  Formulation or establishment of Traffic the Stretch of Ipo Road in Management and Safety Plan of CMC di particular along Hilltop Market in Ravenna in accordance with the rules San Mateo, Norzagaray, and regulations implemented by the Bulacan. traffic management council of Norzagaray, Bulacan

 Deployment of Traffic Personnel from the (Mga sasakyang nakaparada sa Local Government Office / Baranggay kahabaan ng Ipo Road, lalo na sa Office to assist in traffic control during mga matataong lugar gaya ng transport of the heavy equipments. Hilltop Market, San Mateo,  Installation of additional Traffic Signs Norzagaray, Bulacan) especially in critical/prone accidents areas and/or public places.  Implementation of Speed Limit of 40kph along IPO road and 10kph for the public places.

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(Pagbalangkas ng Traffic Management and Safety Plan ng CMC di Ravenna alinsunod sa mga batas-trapiko ng Lokal na Pamahalaan ng Norzagaray, Bulacan

Pagtatalaga ng Lokal na Pamahalaan ng mga Traffic Personnel at Barangay Tanod na mamahala sa daloy ng trapiko habang isinasagawa ang paglilipat ng mga heavy equipment

Paglalagay ng mga karagdagang traffic signs lalo na sa mga kritikal at mataong lugar

Paglimita ng tulin/takbo ng mga sasakyan sa 40 kph sa Ipo Road at 10 kph sa mga mataong lugar )

Specific dates / Schedule of Manageable CMC di Ravenna to inform two weeks prior transport of heavy equipment (to to the schedule of transport the affected and from bigte) and Tunnel Boring offices in particular with the local government Machine (from Ipo to Bigte) offices, barangay and MWSS for them to have an ample time to prepare.

(Nakatakdang araw ng paglilipat ng mga Heavy Equipment at (Bigyan ng abiso ng CMC di Ravenna ang Tunnel Boring Machine Lokal na Pamahalaan ng Norzagaray, papuntang Ipo Dam ) Bulacan at MWSS dalawang linggo bago ang nakatakdang araw ng paglilipat ng mga

heavy equipment at tunnel boring machine (TBM) para maisagawa ang kaukulang paghahanda)

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167. During the open forum at Brgy. San Mateo, the MWSS team was informed that the Barangay leadership is in transition with the election of Barangay Captain-elect Florencio SM. Abiol. Mr. Abiol inquired as to what benefits Barangay San Mateo will get from the on-going project. The team assured the incoming Barangay Captain that 250 households will have access to water supply initially. 168. The team also informed Mr. Abiol that upon his assumption to office on 30 June 2018, he becomes a regular member of the Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) and added that the Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) inspected the Tunnel on 3 May 2018.

169. The representative from the Local Government Unit Mr. Jaycee P. Capili requested the MWSS & CMC di Ravenna to coordinate the Traffic Management and Transportation Plan with the local government unit and other concerned authorities and to send representative to Brgy. Council Sessions to regularly update them on the progress of the project and address issues/concerns promptly.

Public Consultation at Barangay San Mateo, Norzagaray, Bulacan

Issues, Concerns, Interests from Stakeholders MWSS (and consultants, NWRB) Response

First, the representative from CMC di Ravenna informed the public that they will post updates on the project at Brgy. Bigte Hall Bulletin Board.

Second, for concerns of Brgy. Bigte residents regarding AWTIP, the MWSS team requested the Barangay Officials to inform the MWSS/CMC Project Team and the same will be relayed to the Mayor and the contractor.

Third, the residents were informed that Brgy. Bigte will be served through the Bulacan Bulk Water Supply Project (BBWSP) which has 388 MLD solely for Bulacan. The Water Treatment Plant is located in San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan. The MWSS team requested that a survey of the residents be conducted by the Local Government Unit and the Barangay Officials.

Fourth, the Barangay Council of Bigte adopted Brgy. Resolution No. 2017-20 on 21 February The Common Purpose Facility (CPF) pays 2017 requesting MWSS for raw water service for conveyance fee, thus, it is prohibited to connection (“to tap”) for Sitio Settling, Brgy. tap for domestic use; Bigte, Norzagaray, Bulacan for drinking water, According to Rusty Romero of CMC, tests cleaning, laundry, bathing and other domestic conducted in the past indicate that raw use. This was endorsed by the Municipal water from the area is not safe for Mayor of Norzagaray, Bulacan on 31 May 2017 domestic use due to high presence of to MWSS. But the residents are one in saying coliform bacteria (pathogenic organisms of that it is more likely “they will die” from the fecal origin). It is prohibited to ensure that unavailability of water for domestic use than water-borne diseases (drinking water from the presence of coliform bacteria. contamination) and other related health

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concerns will be avoided. If the residents insist, they need to sign a waiver.

MWSS Deputy Administrator Leonor C. Cleofas, CESO IV, Deputy Administrator for Engineering and Operations wrote Hon. Jovina A. LaMadrid, Barangay Chairman, on 13 March 2017 stating therein that MWSS with the assistance of the Common Purpose Facility (CPF) will conduct the field inspection to determine the possibility of granting the request.

Fifth, residents from Sitio Settling complained of muddy roads caused by the dump trucks carrying wet spoils or waste materials from the The drainage project has been awarded to excavation of the tunnel boring machine. the contractor by the DPWH and LGU

Sixth, the residents also complained of the drainage system in the area The drainage project has been awarded to the contractor by the DPWH and LGU

The residents asked MWSS if they could tap at MWSS aqueduct even if this necessitates the installation of water meters and the designation of barangay personnel as collectors for payment of water consumption. The residents are of the impression that the raw water is cleaner than the water sourced from the Balon. One of the residents requested for MWSS for the deployment of mobile water Seventh, the source of water for the residents of treatment facility to address pressing Sitio Settling is Balon (deep well/excavation) issues of drinking water contamination and where they pay Php 300 per month to the owner. sanitation – to prevent water-borne The water source is too small to meet the needs diseases and other related health of the Sitio residents. concerns.

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Picture of Public Consultation at Brgy. San Mateo, Norzagaray, Bulacan

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Picture of Public Consultation at Brgy. Bigte, Norzagaray, Bulacan

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Public Consultation with Indigenous Peoples (IPs) residing in Sitio Anginan/Pako/Santol, Sitio Sapang Munti, Sitio Ipo, Sitio Dyke, & other Ipo Communities from the Ipo Dam Area

170. IP Leaders headed by Mr. Ochie Aquino and Mr. Mario Cruz led the IP communities to the public consultation conducted at the CPF covered parking area on 26 June 2018. The activity was undertaken in coordination with Ms. Regina Panlilio of the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) Bulacan Service Center.

After the Public Consultation with the IP communities, the MWSS team had a meeting with Ms. Regina Panlilio, Chief of the NCIP Bulacan Service Center to facilitate the Free and Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) Process. The 1st Community Assembly is scheduled on 13 July 2018. 7.3. Information Disclosure

171. Results of the surveys undertaken were discussed with Brgy. San Mateo, Brgy. Bigte and IP community at Sitio Ipo in Brgy. San Mateo. Public consultation meetings apart from the meetings held as reported in this IEE shall be conducted with the potentially affected communities in Brgy. Bigte and Brgy. San Mateo in the Municipality of Norzagaray. The meeting shall engage the stakeholders and discuss monitoring activities, implementation of the EMP that may require community collaboration, grievance redress mechanism as described in this IEE. Suitable communication method shall be used. 7.4. Additional Public Consultation and Information Campaign

172. To keep the directly impacted barangays aware of the progress of the project and necessary contribution, additional public consultations should be carried out after the detailed engineering design documents have been submitted by the CMC di Ravenna and approved by MWSS. Stakeholders must be invited and encouraged to participate in community discussions. The PMO-AWTIP, through its Consulting Firm, CMC di Ravenna and Concessionaires will be easily accessible to contact by the public on matters concerning project progress, adverse impacts, mitigation measures, environmental monitoring and grievances. The PMO, in coordination with the concerned Barangays of San Mateo and Bigte, will be responsible for organizing public consultations. Specifically, the conduct of the following: a) At least one month prior to the start of construction mobilization, a joint social and environmental information campaign by the PMO-AWTIP, represented through its Consulting Firm, on the project’s social and environmental impacts with emphasis on health and safety concerns should be carried out to communities in Brgy. San Mateo and Brgy. Bigte; b) During construction, informal interviews by the PMO-AWTIP together with the Consulting Firm to monitor environmental concerns of the same communities to be able to address them; and c) During operation, in the first two years, periodic random interviews by the Concessionaires to continue to monitor the communities’ environmental concerns. 173. During entire project implementation, the final IEE and its EMP, as well as the GoP-approved EIS will be made available in the PMO and MWSS for the reading of the interested parties. Copies

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may be made available upon formal request. 7.5. Grievance Redressal Mechanism

174. Grievances raised on environmental impacts are critical to the health, wellness and safety of affected persons (APs). Hence, the proposed mechanism intends to be easily accessible and promptly responsive to APs’ environmental complaints. The proposed formal grievance redress mechanism (GRM) for the Project is presented below in Figure 22. It shows an integrated social and environmental mechanism. For environmental complaint, an AP may also opt for an informal approach to have his/her grievance addressed. The subsequent sub-section describes the approach for environmental complaint 7.5.1. Informal Approach

175. Informally, APs can lodge complaints directly to the CMC di Ravenna during construction or CPF (Common Purpose Facility) during operation. The CMC di Ravenna/CPF shall document and assess the complaint immediately. If assessment validates the complaint as within the scope of the GRM/eligible, the CMC di Ravenna/CPF shall act on the complaint within three days from receipt of complaint. If assessment invalidates the complaint (i.e., reveals the complaint as ineligible or not associated with the Project’s environmental performance), the CMC di Ravenna/CPF shall direct the AP to the Grievance Committee for confirmation, triggering the formal approach. 176. The Contractor/CPF shall report the following to the PMO-AWTIP within 2 days from receipt of complaint: (i) complaint received, eligible or ineligible, duly referenced; and (ii) actions to be taken/taken including timeline. The PMO-AWTIP shall obtain a written confirmation of satisfaction from the AP, 7 days from completion of resolution by Contractor/CPF. 7.5.2. Formal Approach 177. If complaint lodged informally is eligible but is not acted on within three days from receipt of complaint, or if AP is not satisfied with the resolution undertaken by the Contractor/CPF, he/she can access the formal approach. A Project Grievance Committee (GC) will be set up to consist of the Barangay Council (or IP Chieftain and Council for IP complaints), Contractor, CPF and MWSS as follows: Step 1 Lodging a Complaint (Day 1)  AP lodges complaint with the PMO-AWTIP or the Barangay. Step 2 Documentation and Registration of Complaint (Day 1)  PMO-AWTIP or Barangay registers lodged complaint and makes sure these are duly referenced and provides AP with a copy of referenced complaint.  The Barangay forwards a copy of the referenced complaint to the PMO -AWTIP. Step 3 Screening (Day 1)  PMO-AWTIP or Barangay screens if complaints relate to Tunnel 4.  AP is informed if the grievance relates or does not relate to Tunnel 4.  The Tunnel 4 Grievance Committee (GC) is also informed of the screening result.  If screening ruling is not acceptable to the AP, he/she may re-lodge his/her complaint with the Grievance Committee, which will properly document the complaint. Step 4 Complaint Investigation (Day 1-3)  The GC conducts investigation of the complaint to determine if actions are required or not.

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 The AP is informed of the findings/ruling.  If actions are required, AP is informed of the expected action timelines as set out in the established mechanism. Agreement on actions and measures and time involved are made with the AP. Agreement is properly documented and filed. PMO-AWTIP, Barangay Council (or IP Chieftain and Council), Contractor/CPF and AP are furnished copies.  If actions are not required and GC ruling is not acceptable to the AP, AP may file the case with the Municipal Local Government Unit. Step 5 Implementing the Agreed Action  For minor action required: (Day 4-5)

The Contractor/CPF implements agreed on action within 2 days.

178. If AP is not satisfied with the completed action or if action is not started within 2 days from GC ruling, AP may file case with the Municipal LGU.  For major action required: (Day4/5-Day 8/9) 179. The Contractor/CPF provides agreed interim measure and starts work on the final action within 5 days from the GC ruling. 180. If AP is not satisfied with the completed action or if action is not started within 5 days from GC ruling, AP may file case with the Municipal LGU. Step 6 Acceptance of Resolution (1 week after completion of action)  If, according to the AP, the impact has been resolved satisfactorily, PMO-AWTIP will obtain a written confirmation of satisfaction from the AP. This confirmation will signify closure of grievance and will form part of the grievance documentation. The GC, Barangay Council (or IP Chieftain and Council), Contractor/CPF and AP are furnished copies. Step 7 Monitoring and Evaluation (for 1 week after completion of action)  The PMO-AWTIP shall monitor the effectiveness of the resolution for at least a week after completion of action.  Monitoring and evaluation shall be properly documented and included in the Environmental Monitoring Report (EMR). 181. The mechanism prescribes that the PMO-AWTIP shall inform the ADB of: complaints evaluated as major issues; and any appeal raised by dissatisfied AP. 182. The AP wishing to make a claim must first make an appeal to his respective barangay or to the IP leaders for the case of the Dumagats. The claim must be made in writing and should include brief details including factual background; issues; and AP’s position on the issue/s raised. The barangay must review the case within the context of existing policy, regulations, procedures and valid entitlement of the AP as provided in relevant implementing plans. The barangay council should respond within five days of receipt of the complaint. Should the grievance case cannot be resolved, the AP can file complain to the municipal level.

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Figure 22: Grievance Redress Mechanism Diagram

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VIII. Conclusions and Recommendations 183. The Project will improve and expand the raw water transmission system, increasing the reliability and security of raw water transmission and ensuring sustainable water supply services to Metro Manila. 184. The updated IEE concludes that most of the environmental impacts associated with the construction of Tunnel 4 are expected to arise during construction. Potential impacts will be localized and site-specific. Most of the identified impacts are low and temporary and if assessed carefully, it can be mitigated to an acceptable level without difficulty through good site, engineering and construction practices. No significant adverse impacts have been identified during operation phase. 185. The few impacts of high magnitude (without mitigation) during construction will not be distinct. Tunnel 4 will be the fourth tunnel to be constructed in the MWSS ROW. These impacts will not be sufficient to threaten the surrounding resources. During operation, low to moderate impacts will come from maintenance and repair. 186. The wildlife and river ecology surveys were done during the wet season. There is a need to assess the same parameters during the dry season, which is considered the base flow period to provide a more robust baseline data. The EMP should be updated whenever necessary. 187. More detailed infrastructure survey should be carried out and existing conditions of the infrastructure should be noted. At the preliminary stage of Tunnel 4 project, it was observed that there were poorly constructed housing units of the AFP subdivision. Such defects occurred prior to the tunnel construction and cannot be associated as an impact of the tunnel construction activity. 188. During the detailed design phase, further consultation is required to address the concerns raised during previous consultations to ensure that all public concerns are updated and publicly acknowledged and incorporated into detailed designs and updated EMP. 189. Also, during the detailed design, environmental due diligence should be conducted on the key associated facilities, namely: Ipo dam, Basin 3 and Aqueduct 5. 190. The EMP presented here should be updated during the detail design phase to: . Update the legislation and administrative arrangements, . Incorporate the results of further terrestrial and aquatic surveys, and land use surveys, . Update the impacts and mitigation presented herein, . Expand upon the mitigation and monitoring plans, and Develop capacity building needs. 191. In the event of design deviation, such as shift of alignment resulting in tunnel being located outside the MWSS ROW, change in inlet structure location and/or change in the method of construction, the MWSS through its PMO should immediately: (1) seek the advice of EMB Central Office if such design deviation warrants an ECC amendment; and (2) inform ADB should EMB advise for ECC amendment and finally, (2) seek ADB's clearance/concurrence for an IEE revision and/or EMP updating.

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192. The Contractor, CMC di Ravenna shall be required to prepare, implement and update, if necessary, the Construction Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan based on SPS compliant EMP. The following specific sub-management plans should form part of the CEMMP: chance finds recovery and removal; and include with the excavation sub plan placement of temporary berms and plastic sheeting between excavations and adjacent land, surface waters, and property to prevent erosion, sedimentation, or contamination from excavation work, noise control plan, dust control plan; and workers and staff health and safety plan. 193. Based on the above conclusion and recommendation, no further detailed EIA needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS.

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PUBLIC CONSULTATION ATTENDANCE SHEET

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