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Gjennom Symbolene GJENNOM SYMBOLENE Et jungiansk blikk på skapelse og det feminine i Voluspå Av Aase Wynn Hovedoppgave i norrøn mytologi, Institutt for nordisk språk og litteratur, Universitetet i Tromsø, juni 1999. 2 1.0. VOLUSPÅ I JUNGIANSK PERSPEKTIV .............................................................5 1.1. Problemstilling og sjanger.................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Sammendrag av Voluspå ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3. Forskningsoversikt...............................................................................................................................................10 1.4. Det feminine, kroppen og spiritualiteten........................................................................................................14 1.5. Symbol, myte, kompleks og arketyp................................................................................................................17 1.6. Jungs motsetningsprinsipp.................................................................................................................................21 1.7. Den store mor.........................................................................................................................................................24 1.8. Skapelse er bevissthet..........................................................................................................................................27 1.9. Noen jungianske faguttrykk..............................................................................................................................28 2.0. SKAPELSESMYTE................................................................................................ 32 2.1. Spiren og treet........................................................................................................................................................33 2.2. Da Yme levde .........................................................................................................................................................40 2.3. Jorda skilles fra urhavet.....................................................................................................................................43 2.4. Rom for bevissthet................................................................................................................................................44 2.5. Skapelse nedenfra og opp i drømmer og myter............................................................................................45 2.6. Maskulin tid og feminint rom............................................................................................................................47 2.7. Et feminint "rom" ................................................................................................................................................51 2.8. Tallenes tale............................................................................................................................................................52 2.9. Mytologisk sted, skikkelse og psykologisk funksjon ...................................................................................55 3.0. MØTER..................................................................................................................... 57 3.1. Om fravær av det feminine i skapelsesmyter................................................................................................57 3 3.2. Odin og det feminine............................................................................................................................................ 65 3.3. Tre trollsterke tussemøyer................................................................................................................................. 68 3.4. Dvergene skapes.................................................................................................................................................... 71 3.5. Mennesket, kropp og ånd................................................................................................................................... 75 3.6. Livet, treet og vannet........................................................................................................................................... 78 3.7. Møte med nornene................................................................................................................................................ 81 3.8. Møte med Gullveig og Heid............................................................................................................................... 88 3.9. Herjans møyer....................................................................................................................................................... 93 4.0. KAMPEN OM FEMININ KRAFT ..........................................................................95 4.1. Kampen mellom æser og vaner ........................................................................................................................ 95 4.2 Kampen mellom guder og jotner....................................................................................................................... 99 4.3. Den lysende gudinne ..........................................................................................................................................101 4.4. Tor, jotner og grenser .......................................................................................................................................106 5.0. STORE MOR KREVER BALDER .....................................................................108 5.1. Forskning om Balder.........................................................................................................................................108 5.2. Balder og erkjennelsen av de mørke sidene ................................................................................................111 5.3. Hel krever Balder ...............................................................................................................................................113 5.4. Loke – den kollektive skygge ..........................................................................................................................115 5.5. Hod, den personlig skygge...............................................................................................................................117 5.6. Frigg krever Balder ...........................................................................................................................................118 5.7. Gråtens renselse.................................................................................................................................................119 5.8. Emosjonenes kraft..............................................................................................................................................121 5.9. Transformasjon..................................................................................................................................................124 4 6.0. LOKE OG DEN STORE MOR............................................................................128 6.1. Forskning om Loke............................................................................................................................................128 6.2. Kulturens tabu .....................................................................................................................................................129 6.3. Loke, giften, kvinnene og karet.......................................................................................................................130 6.4. Emosjonens farlige flyt......................................................................................................................................133 6.5. Psykiske landskap...............................................................................................................................................134 6.6. Bevisstheten slokner...........................................................................................................................................140 7.0. NYE VISJONER ...................................................................................................143 7.1. Nytt eller gammelt paradigme? ......................................................................................................................143 5 1.0. Voluspå i jungiansk perspektiv Innledningsvis vil jeg gjøre rede for problemstilling og sjanger. Dernest følger et sammendrag av Voluspå og en kort forskningsoversikt. Så presenteres den historiske bakgrunnen for min problemstilling, en framstilling av noen jungianske begreper og deres funksjon samt en liten jungiansk ordliste i slutten av kapitlet. 1.1. Problemstilling og sjanger Tema for min jungianske analyse av gudediktet Voluspå er sammenhengen mellom skapelse og det feminine. Det feminine i mytologi og religion er gjenstand for stor interesse i vår tid. Forskere og forfattere jakter på den store gudinne i fortidas kulturer der den feminine dimensjonen, som skriker med sitt fravær i de monoteistiske religionene, viser seg i samspillet mellom mannlige og kvinnelige skikkelser. Min analyse er utført ved hjelp av teori som ikke har vært brukt tidligere av Voluspå-forskere og mine
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