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Bulbul Pjeva – Bosnian Soul Echoes from the Old Gramophone

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Bulbul Pjeva – Bosnian Soul Echoes from the Old Gramophone Bulbul pjeva – Bosnian Soul echoes from the Old Gramophone Mr. Vesna Aleksandrović National Library of Serbia, Skerlićеva 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - National Library of Serbia’s collection of old gramophone records includes some of Bosnian songs performed by Bosnian and Serbian performers. Precise determination of the date when these clips were made, in most cases is not possible, but there are some facts which indicate that the earliest were recorded in the first dec- ade of the twentieth century. The youngest ones date from the mid-fifties of last century. His Master's Voice, Odeon, Jumbola, Edison Bell Record, Homocord, Jugoton and Gramophone Concert Record, are some of the most famous publishing houses of the first half of the twentieth century whom published pearls of Bosnian Sev- dah. Launching the project Digitization of old gramophone records on 78 rpm five years ago, National Library of Serbia preserved and made accessible beautiful sounds of the old Bosnia. Some of them are already available on the website of the National Digital Library of Serbia, at http://digital.nb.rs/scc/muzikalije.php. We donate these recordings to Bosnian public and National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Keywords - Digitization, Gramophone records, Sound Recordings, Sevdalinka Song 1. PROJECT DIGITIZATION OF OLD 78 Croatian musical performances and works. Profes- RPM GRAMOPHONE RECORDS sional and amateur artists, singers, newly founded vocal and instrumental groups, choirs and bands National Library of Serbia started project Digi- recorded music regardless on their origin. At that tization of Old 78 rpm Gramophone Records five time, through open windows of Belgrade, Sarajevo years ago, to save, preserve and present old, fragile or Zagreb apartments, one could hear sevdalinka and damaged gramophone records. Collection com- song, old Serbian town song, opera, popular operet- prises recordings of various music styles and ge- tas, folk dances from Zagorje, foxtrot or jazz. Voic- nres, from classical and folk music to jazz and pop- es of Mijat, Arnost, Nazif, Sofka, Josip, Dajos, An- ular dances from the first half of the XX century, dolija and many others, echoed in every corner of with small number of speech recordings. Collection Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia. In taverns musicians constantly grows and today, there are 1500 gramo- were incessantly learning new songs and dances, phone records. The oldest one dates from 1902. transmitting the major mission of music, which is Complexity of converting analogue sound re- connecting people, souls, and nations with melody, cording to its digital transcript requires numerous rhythm, barely audible tamburitza chords, tenor technical, mechanical and chemical means, differ- vibrato or strong accordion sound. ent kind of skills and practice, appropriate software Desire to connect on such manner is strong to- and time, as well. Our idea was to digitize all day. We shed covers, removed traces of dust, let records regardless to which cultural, social or genre turntable to spin and revealed regions without category they belong. Each of digitized objects is boundaries, landscapes of song, dance, and sounds stored in two digital versions: from the past. original, raw sound recording transfer to digi- tal format, without any kind of sound editing, for the purpose of making a room for some 2. LOVE SONG... SEVDAH future, advanced sound restoration by up- graded software and techniques; Is there anything that is not written or told edited copy, which imply numerous and vari- about sevdalinka, any description of this beautiful ous acts on recording, such as noise, click, song which astonish listener by its melody, and hiss and many other reduction, optimization most of all, by invisible but aloud atmosphere that of sound level scale... This edited recording evokes the past times? Weaves of melody threads has optimized pseudo stereo and totally res- refined by finest melisma, consisted of sensibility, tored sub-version. feelings and descriptions of love as ašik, but also Exploring cultural heritage drives us to histori- love for nature, people, world itself. Next few lines cal, social and cultural connectivity. At the begin- should give a precise and proper description and ning of XX century, major publishing houses sent meaning of sevdah atmosphere, and its social, emo- their recordists to Belgrade, Sarajevo and Zagreb to tional and musical ambience: scout around for recording famous performers. Thus, our collection is enriched with Bosnian and 1 „This world is so much voluptuous and even imagi- and Jumbo plates. Also, there were shops of gra- nation on it is, as well. Beneath the stone of pa- mophone merchandise in Derventa and Mostar. The triarchal taboo, it expressed itself as the purest thing which is really interesting is that a licence for fluid – sung by the ancient word one of the finest public use and selling of gramophones and records and most dramatic love lyrics of the world” was compulsory all over the Austro-Hungarian Skender Kulenović, about sevdalinka song Empire. In Bosnia, it was given by Provincial Gov- ernment of Bosnia and Herzegovina. „Sevdalinka (love song) has a special role in cul- After 1900, Gramophone companies become ture of Bosnian Muslims. It is a folk song in who aware that local music and performers recording have been compendiously in musical-literal-lingual could win marketplace, so they have sent recordists shape, said genuine folk soul of imminent am- to expeditions all over the world. Therefore, bience, emphatic sensuality and universal tragic of Deutsche Grammophon decided to send well- people. known and expert recordist Franz Hampe to Bosnia. …From the literate and historical point of view, On his way to Sarajevo, he visited Budapest and researching on sevdalinka songs, shows that it aris- Zagreb. While he was returning to Berlin, with es, lives, change itself and enriches in Bosnian ma- around 1000 recordings on wax, he made some in halas and cities, that it is expression of life, mean- Belgrade. Equipment, which Hampe unloaded ing and cognition of life and love. Sevdalinka's fo- when he arrived on Sarajevo train station, was cuses are heart of oriental, material and spiritual weighty – rotating plate with bob (for enabling culture in Bosnia, Sarajevo first of all, and then movement steadiness during recording), horn and other, smaller casabas all over the Bosnian land” large number of wax matrix. Dževad A. Jahić: Bosnian Muslims Language, Sarajevo 1991. „Sevdalinka is an urban Bosnian love song, with the word “Bosnian” defining the geographical ori- gin of sevdalinka, the word “urban” depicting its urban nature, and the word “love” denoting its content related theme.” Omer Pobrić 3. THE BEGINNING OF SOUND RECORDING IN BOSNIA One decade passed from the invention of pho- nograph (Edison) and first successful recording of human voice on wax cylinder, until the first gramo- Fig. 1. Recording studio, Edison Bell phone and turntable (1878–1889). At the end of XIX century, an American, Emil Berliner broadens After he got special license for recording, he his industrial activity to Europe, by opening in Ber- started search for musicians. Hampe asked gramo- lin Deutsche Grammophon (1898) and The Gramo- phone accessory sellers, listened to live perfor- phone Company in London. The earliest records mances in restaurants and hotels (Europe, Central) were acoustically recorded, which means that the and other places, revealed musicians and signed vibrations from the sound source were dispatched contracts for recording. Somewhere in Čemaluša directly on the needle which transformed them into Street (today Titova St.) Hampe had a chance to and mechanical made groove on matrix. Electrical hear performance of Vasa Stanović - Andolija from recording starts not until 1920. Šabac, and his band. Truly overjoyed, he made 28 Primary representation of sound recordings recording of talented, self-taught Andolija. At some player happened in Bosnia in July of 1890, when city party he met Jewish tamburitza consort La Glo- Mr. Castle, an agent of Edison Phonograph Com- ria and afterwards made 12 unique recordings. La pany (established in 1887) presented a phonograph Gloria orchestra was established in 1906, and che- in Sarajevo. Until 1902, citizens of Sarajevo had a rished tradition of Spanish and Bosnian Sefards. chance to see and meet many similar machines. Withal, these recordings belong to the earliest re- Gramophone machines could be bought via mail cordings of tamburitza orchestras, which were ra- commission and local agents. Records came from ther popular in XIX century in Bosnia, Croatia, Vienna, Budapest and Prague. The earliest known Serbia and Vojvodina. sellers were Stjepan P. Zelenika (first official Gra- The Gramophone Company, as it was men- mophone Company agent since 1907) and Mu- tioned before, started market widening and so, the hamed Tosunović. Family Prcić, from Donja Tuzla, repertoire of published records has been adjusted had a store engaged in selling Zonophone, Odeon for that purpose. Along with popular folk songs, 2 Hampe recorded also 10 records with epic songs logues – Odeon, Jumbo, Jumbola, Lyraphon and performed by Rizvan Kardović, which are the old- Metafon. Two decades later, first gramophone ma- est recordings of this kind of music. Along with nufactory in Yugoslavia – Jugoton, published Bos- mentioned performances, during this expedition, nian music and songs sung by new singers who recordings of zurna were also made, playing the fascinated some new auditory. instrumental versions of sevdalinka. Franz Hampe did in Sarajevo 150 matrix plates and sent them to Berlin for pressing in Deutsche 3. BOSNIAN 78 RPM RECORDS IN Grammophone Manufactory. Later on, cheap edi- NATIONAL LIBRARY OF SERBIA tion of Gramophone Company, Zonophone, pub- lished them for Bosnian market. These records were Two of the earliest pearls of Bosnian folk included in Gramophone Company catalogue of songs records which National Library of Serbia gramophone records, for season 1908/1909.
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