DOCSLIB.ORG

Elisabeth Parr's Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Elisabeth Parr's Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2013, vol. 8 Elisabeth Parr’s Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court Helen Graham-Matheson oan Kelly’s ground-breaking article, “Did Women Have a Renaissance?” Jcenters on four criteria for ascertaining the “relative contraction (or expansion) of the powers of Renaissance women”: women’s economic, political, cultural roles and the ideology about women across the mid- Tudor period. Focusing particularly on cultural and political roles, this essay applies Kelly’s criteria to Elisabeth Parr née Brooke, Marchioness of Northampton (1526–1565) and sister-in-law of Katherine Parr, Henry VIII’s last wife, whose controversial court career evinces women’s lived experience and their contemporary political importance across the mid- Tudor courts of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. By taking each reign in isolation, this essay follows Kelly’s call to question “accepted schemes of periodization” and reassesses whether “events that further the historical development of men, liberating them from natural, social, or ideological constraints, have quite different, even opposite, effects upon women.”1 The key point of departure of my essay from Kelly’s argument is that she states that women’s involvement in the public sphere and politics lessened in the Italian cinquecento, whereas my findings suggest that in England women such as Elisabeth Parr increasingly involved themselves in the public world of court politics. According to Kelly, 1 Joan Kelly, ”Did Women Have a Renaissance?” Feminism and Renaissance Studies, ed. L. Hutson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 21. 289 290 EMWJ 2013, vol. 8 Helen Graham-Matheson [n]oblewomen . were increasingly removed from public con- cerns — economic, political, and cultural — and although they did not disappear into a private realm of family and domestic concerns . their loss of public power made itself felt in new constraints placed upon their personal as well as their social lives.2 My research into Parr’s life suggests that some women of the Tudor court took advantage of the divide between public and private activity to con- struct and utilize unprecedented political agency precisely because of their gender and the fact that they were removed from public power. Parr was politically active under all four monarchs (arguably five, including Queen Jane) during this turbulent mid-Tudor period: from her arrival at the Henrician Court ca. 1540 to her untimely death at the Elizabethan court in 1565. Elisabeth’s career trajectory suggests that particular circumstances across the mid-16th century combined to produce aristocratic and noble women with a humanist education and reformist sympathies. Elisabeth Brooke arrived at the court of Henry VIII ca. 1542, and when suggested as a possible sixth wife for the king, the Spanish ambas- sador Eustace Chapuys described her as a “pretty young thing with wit enough to do as the others [Henry’s previous wives] have done should she consider it worth her while.” By 1562, her position at court had improved notably, to the extent that when she was suffering from a severe case of jaundice, William Cecil proclaimed ”Almighty God comfort hir, and per- mitt us to enioye her for I think none shall be more grevoosly lost of a sub- ject of this Court.”3 Elisabeth’s rise to prominence began in 1543 when she formed a relationship with William Parr, Earl of Essex, later Marquess of Northampton, married brother of the new queen, Katherine Parr. I believe that Elisabeth and William’s relationship — their efforts to secure William a divorce so they could marry and their battle to remain married during 2 Ibid., 45. 3 Eustace Chapuys to Emperor Charles V, 9 Feb 1542, vol. 17, Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, ed. James Gairdner and R. H. Brodie (London: 1894–1910) vols. 14–21; TNA State Papers, 70/40 fol. 239, William Cecil to Nicholas Throckmorton, 29 August 1562. Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court 291 the Somerset Protectorate and the Marian counter-Reformation — con- tributed in a previously unseen way to the shape of domestic politics across the mid-sixteenth century. Although there is no space here to discuss more fully her activity and agency, I hope to show that Elisabeth utilized her position and the circumstances in which she found herself to manifest her political significance. It cannot be overstated that the circumstances that led to Elisabeth’s peculiar career were unprecedented and that she herself was paradigmatic of how a woman might operate, though most did not. Her lived experience enables a recounting of the opportunities available to a woman who was well-positioned, highly regarded, and lucky; not neces- sarily in terms of the circumstances she faced, but in how events unfolded across the reigns of Edward VI and Elizabeth I. Almost as soon as Henry VIII died, William Parr appealed to the young King Edward, his “nephew,” for a commission to legalize his divorce and allow him to marry Elisabeth Brooke. Despite the favorable findings of the commission set up to consider the couple’s right to marry, the Lord Protector Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, ruled against the mar- riage, and in 1548 Elisabeth was sent to live at Chelsea Manor with the Dowager Queen Katherine Parr, Princess Elizabeth Tudor, and Lady Jane Grey. These associations and Somerset’s animosity towards Elisabeth and the Northamptons were the catalysts that shaped her activity and agenda for the remainder of her life. Following the court coup against Somerset in 1549, in which William Parr was second in importance only to John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, and the Somersets’ subsequent reduction in power, there is a marked increase in the activity of noblewomen at the Edwardian court. From the mid 1550s, Elisabeth was recognized at court as Marchioness of Northampton for the first time4 and immediately proved herself comfortable in the upper echelons of court society, stepping into the 4 Their marriage was not formally legalized until the Divorce Act of 1552. I believe Elisabeth’s return to court in 1550 marks the change in attitudes following Somerset’s removal as Lord Protector and Warwick’s rewarding of Northampton for his loyalty in the coup. I believe that Northampton’s support of Warwick over Somerset was partly motivated by his desire to have Elisabeth acknowledged as his wife and to exact revenge on Somerset for his treatment of not only himself and Elisabeth but also for his treatment of Katherine Parr, who had earlier married Somerset’s brother, Thomas Seymour. 292 EMWJ 2013, vol. 8 Helen Graham-Matheson power vacuum created by the absence of a queen consort after the demo- tion of Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset. This was clearly obvious at a banquet hosted by the French Ambassador, the Vidame de Chartres, to celebrate the supposed reunion of the Duke of Somerset and the Earl of Warwick by means of a marriage between Dudley’s son and heir John and Seymour’s eldest daughter Anne. According to Jehan Schefve My Lord the Vidame’s banquet was a brave and rich sight. [The] Marchioness received at table a present from the Vidame, an enamelled chain worth about two hundred crowns. All the other ladies present, and the three daughters of the said Somerset, one of whom was the bride, received a present, each one according to her station. The Vidame did not take par- ticular notice of anyone except of the Duke of Somerset and the Marchioness. He showed himself often in their company, and talked to the said Marchioness through an interpreter, who was mostly my Lord Grey, once captain of Boulogne.5 Elisabeth tried to present herself as a political persona worthy of public and courtly acknowledgment through the strategic commissioning of a secular text — and a decisive Renaissance text at that. Manifold evidence survives to assert that Elisabeth was responsible for commissioning the first English vernacular translation by Sir Thomas Hoby of Baldassare Castiglione’s Il Libro del Cortegiano (1528). Book III of The Courtyer, as Hoby’s translation was known, is the book of the Courtesan, or female courtier, and the first edition bears the heading THE THIRDE BOOKE OF the Courtier of Count Baldessar Casti- lio vnto M Alphonsus Ariosto. Englisshed at the request of the Ladye 5 Jehan Schefve to Emperor Charles V, 17 June 1550, Calendar of State Papers, Spanish, ed. Royall Tyler, et al. (London: 1862–1964), vols. 1550–1552, 110 [original in French and ciphered]. Renaissance at the Mid-Tudor Court 293 Marquesse of Northamp- ton, in anno.1551.6 Other paratextual material also reveals Elisabeth’s involvement; Hoby details his “duetie done in translating the thirde booke (that entreateth of a Gentlewoman of the Courte),”7 and Hoby’s Life and Travails relates that he completed the commission upon his arrival in Paris in 1552, claiming that “the first thing I did was to translate into Englishe the third booke of the ‘Cowrtisan’, which my Ladie Marquess had often willed me to do, and for lacke of time ever differred it.”8 By associating herself with the first vernacular translation of this text, Elisabeth Parr was seemingly attempting to align herself with the text’s central female figures — the hostess Elisabetta Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino, and the idealized female courtier discussed in Book III, based, one assumes, on the Duchess herself. The text of Book III is replete with references to women’s virtues and modes of behavior that would clearly resonate with the Marchioness at this important time of her career. As Lord Julian, Hoby’s rendering of Guiliano de’Medici, highlights, a woman at court ought also to be more circumspect and take better heed that she give no occasion to be yll reported of, and so to beehave her selfe, that she be not onlye not spotted wyth anye fault, but not so much as with suspicion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Law, Counsel, and Commonwealth: Languages of Power in the Early English Reformation
    Law, Counsel, and Commonwealth: Languages of Power in the Early English Reformation Christine M. Knaack Doctor of Philosophy University of York History April 2015 2 Abstract This thesis examines how power was re-articulated in light of the royal supremacy during the early stages of the English Reformation. It argues that key words and concepts, particularly those involving law, counsel, and commonwealth, formed the basis of political participation during this period. These concepts were invoked with the aim of influencing the king or his ministers, of drawing attention to problems the kingdom faced, or of expressing a political ideal. This thesis demonstrates that these languages of power were present in a wide variety of contexts, appearing not only in official documents such as laws and royal proclamations, but also in manuscript texts, printed books, sermons, complaints, and other texts directed at king and counsellors alike. The prose dialogue and the medium of translation were employed in order to express political concerns. This thesis shows that political languages were available to a much wider range of participants than has been previously acknowledged. Part One focuses on the period c. 1528-36, investigating the role of languages of power during the period encompassing the Reformation Parliament. The legislation passed during this Parliament re-articulated notions of the realm’s social order, creating a body politic that encompassed temporal and spiritual members of the realm alike and positioning the king as the head of that body. Writers and theorists examined legal changes by invoking the commonwealth, describing the social hierarchy as an organic body politic, and using the theme of counsel to acknowledge the king’s imperial authority.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Seven Deadly Sins</Em>
    Early Theatre 10.1 (2007) ROBERT HORNBACK The Reasons of Misrule Revisited: Evangelical Appropriations of Carnival in Tudor Revels Undoubtedly the most arresting Tudor likeness in the National Portrait Gallery, London, is William Scrots’s anamorphosis (NPG1299). As if mod- eled after a funhouse mirror reflection, this colorful oil on panel painting depicts within a stretched oblong, framed within a thin horizontal rectangle, the profile of a child with red hair and a head far wider than it is tall; measur- ing 63 inches x 16 ¾ inches, the portrait itself is, the Gallery website reports, its ‘squattest’ (‘nearly 4 times wider than it is high’). Its short-lived sitter’s nose juts out, Pinocchio-like, under a low bump of overhanging brow, as the chin recedes cartoonishly under a marked overbite. The subject thus seems to prefigure the whimsical grotesques of Inigo Jones’s antimasques decades later rather than to depict, as it does, the heir apparent of Henry VIII. Such is underrated Flemish master Scrots’s tour de force portrait of a nine-year-old Prince Edward in 1546, a year before his accession. As the NPG website ex- plains, ‘[Edward] is shown in distorted perspective (anamorphosis) …. When viewed from the right,’ however, ie, from a small cut-out in that side of the frame, he can be ‘seen in correct perspective’.1 I want to suggest that this de- lightful anamorphic image, coupled with the Gallery’s dry commentary, pro- vides an ironic but apt metaphor for the critical tradition addressing Edward’s reign and its theatrical spectacle: only when viewed from a one-sided point of view – in hindsight, from the anachronistic vantage point of an Anglo-Amer- ican tradition inflected by subsequent protestantism – can the boy king, his often riotous court spectacle, and mid-Tudor evangelicals in general be made to resemble a ‘correct’ portrait of the protestant sobriety, indeed the dour puritanism, of later generations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reformation of the Generations: Age, Ancestry and Memory in England 1500-1700
    The Reformation of the Generations: Age, Ancestry and Memory in England 1500-1700 Folger Shakespeare Library Spring Semester Seminar 2016 Alexandra Walsham (University of Cambridge): [email protected] The origins, impact and repercussions of the English Reformation have been the subject of lively debate. Although it is now widely recognised as a protracted process that extended over many decades and generations, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the links between the life cycle and religious change. Did age and ancestry matter during the English Reformation? To what extent did bonds of blood and kinship catalyse and complicate its path? And how did remembrance of these events evolve with the passage of the time and the succession of the generations? This seminar will investigate the connections between the histories of the family, the perception of the past, and England’s plural and fractious Reformations. It invites participants from a range of disciplinary backgrounds to explore how the religious revolutions and movements of the period shaped, and were shaped by, the horizontal relationships that early modern people formed with their sibilings, relatives and peers, as well as the vertical ones that tied them to their dead ancestors and future heirs. It will also consider the role of the Reformation in reconfiguring conceptions of memory, history and time itself. Schedule: The seminar will convene on Fridays 1-4.30pm, for 10 weeks from 5 February to 29 April 2016, excluding 18 March, 1 April and 15 April. In keeping with Folger tradition, there will be a tea break from 3.00 to 3.30pm.
    [Show full text]
  • Advising France Through the Example of England: Visual Narrative in the Livre De La Prinse Et Mort Du Roy Richart (Harl
    Advising France through the Example of England: Visual Narrative in the Livre de la prinse et mort du roy Richart (Harl. MS. 1319) Anne D. Hedeman Duke John of Berry’s inventories of 1411 and 1413 record the gift of an unusual history that described the fall from power of Richard II, king of England: Item, the Livre de la prinse et mort du roy Richart d’Angleterre (Book of the Capture and Death of King Richard II), written in rhyming French in lettre de court and illustrated in several places, the incipit of the second folio qu’il eust, covered with black silk with two round clasps of gilded silver enamelled with the arms of France, which the departed vidame de Laonnois, formerly the grand maistre of the king’s household gave to the duke. [Item, le Livre de la prinse et mort du roy Richart d’Angleterre, escript en françoys rimé, de lettre de court, et historié en pluseurs lieux; et au commancement du second fueillet a escript: qu’il eust, couvert de drap de soye noir, à deux fermouers roons d’argent dorez, esmaillez aux armes de France; que le feu vidame de Laonnois, en son vivant grant maistre d’ostel du Roy, donna à Monseigneur].1 This gift from John of Montaigu, the vidame of Laonnois, to the duke is the earliest surviving copy of an eyewitness account of Richard II’s deposition in 1399 written by Jean Creton in a mixture of verse and prose. Penned some time between November 1401 and March 1402 at the request of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, it is an important early source for historians curious about the events surrounding Richard’s deposition and demise.2 The account has recently been discussed by Ardis Butterfield as an example of the importance of French as one of two ‘mother tongues’ in England and by both Paul Strohm This was first presented at the British Library Conference, ‘Divers Manuscripts both Antient & Curious’: Treasures from the Harley Collection, that took place 29-30 June 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Edward VI. England's Boy King: the Diary of Edward VI, 1547-1553
    Edward VI. England's Boy King: The Diary of Edward VI, 1547-1553. Welwyn Garden City: Ravenhall Books, 2005. 191 pp. $29.95, cloth, ISBN 978-1-905043-04-0. Reviewed by Ronald Fritze Published on H-Albion (October, 2006) Eric Ives staked out the subject of Anne Bo‐ 15 and 16 respectively into "Image" and "Art and leyn as his special expertise with the publication Taste." The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn defi‐ of his magisterial biography Anne Boleyn (1986). nitely supersedes Ives's earlier biography. The one The second wife of Henry VIII was a fgure of in‐ unfortunate difference is that the new edition tense controversy in her day and has remained so uses endnotes while the 1986 book used far more in the partisan polemics associated with the Eng‐ preferable footnotes. It is particularly inconve‐ lish Reformation and among modern historians. nient in a book that includes so many debatable Since 1986, Ives has engaged other scholars, most points that keep the curious reader fipping back notably George Bernard and Retha Warnicke, in and forth between text and endnotes. debate through various articles dealing with dis‐ Anne Boleyn is a perennial subject for biogra‐ puted aspects of Anne Boleyn's life. Now Ives has phers and for good reason. As Ives remarked in tied all of these debates together and other new 1986, "the story of Anne Boleyn remains one of research of his own along with new scholarship to the great romantic tragedies of Europe."[1] But in produce The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn: "The his new book he adds the judgment that Anne Most Happy".
    [Show full text]
  • Ambassadors to and from England
    p.1: Prominent Foreigners. p.25: French hostages in England, 1559-1564. p.26: Other Foreigners in England. p.30: Refugees in England. p.33-85: Ambassadors to and from England. Prominent Foreigners. Principal suitors to the Queen: Archduke Charles of Austria: see ‘Emperors, Holy Roman’. France: King Charles IX; Henri, Duke of Anjou; François, Duke of Alençon. Sweden: King Eric XIV. Notable visitors to England: from Bohemia: Baron Waldstein (1600). from Denmark: Duke of Holstein (1560). from France: Duke of Alençon (1579, 1581-1582); Prince of Condé (1580); Duke of Biron (1601); Duke of Nevers (1602). from Germany: Duke Casimir (1579); Count Mompelgart (1592); Duke of Bavaria (1600); Duke of Stettin (1602). from Italy: Giordano Bruno (1583-1585); Orsino, Duke of Bracciano (1601). from Poland: Count Alasco (1583). from Portugal: Don Antonio, former King (1581, Refugee: 1585-1593). from Sweden: John Duke of Finland (1559-1560); Princess Cecilia (1565-1566). Bohemia; Denmark; Emperors, Holy Roman; France; Germans; Italians; Low Countries; Navarre; Papal State; Poland; Portugal; Russia; Savoy; Spain; Sweden; Transylvania; Turkey. Bohemia. Slavata, Baron Michael: 1576 April 26: in England, Philip Sidney’s friend; May 1: to leave. Slavata, Baron William (1572-1652): 1598 Aug 21: arrived in London with Paul Hentzner; Aug 27: at court; Sept 12: left for France. Waldstein, Baron (1581-1623): 1600 June 20: arrived, in London, sightseeing; June 29: met Queen at Greenwich Palace; June 30: his travels; July 16: in London; July 25: left for France. Also quoted: 1599 Aug 16; Beddington. Denmark. King Christian III (1503-1 Jan 1559): 1559 April 6: Queen Dorothy, widow, exchanged condolences with Elizabeth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eructavit Is Generally Linked with Marie of Champagne. I Should Like
    淡江人文社會學刊【第十期】 The Eructavit is generally linked with Marie of Champagne. I should like to demonstrate, however, that this Old French metrical paraphrase of Psalm XLIV (in the Vulgate edition) is inextricably linked with Marie of Brabant as well. In pursuing this link, I believe I can explain both the occasion and the content of (Paris, BN) Arsenal 3142, the manuscript generally thought to have been composed for Marie of Brabant. Furthermore, in so doing, I should like to establish a possible dating, as well as an occasion, for the Eructavit and for the Arsenal Manuscript 3142. In order to do this, I should like to introduce the setting in which the Eructavit was written, the people surrounding its production, and the familial ties connecting the existing manuscripts of the Eructavit to the Arsenal Manuscript 3142. I should then like to deal with the form of the Arsenal Manuscript in terms of the Eructavit and the 44th Psalm. Marie of France, the eldest daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine and of Louis VII of France, was given in marriage in 1154 to Henry I, called the Liberal, of Champagne.(1) Henry of Champagne was a learned man, a recipient of sermons, commentaries on the Psalms, and liturgical pieces, including ten sequences (Benton, 1961, p. 556). John of Salisbury (who at the time of the Becket case was exiled from England and staying with his friend Pierre de Celle, then abbot of Saint-Remi-de Reims and friend as well of Henry) tells us of the “great pleasure which the Count Henry took in discussing literary subjects with learned men.”(2) Furthermore, Chretien de Troyes, Evrat, Gace Brule, Gautier d’Arras, and Simon Chevre d’Or, all known poets, acknowledge the personal intervention of Henry or Marie in their work.(3) The court of Champagne was well established as a center of learning and patronage.
    [Show full text]
  • Throckmorton of Coughton and Wigmore of Lucton
    John THROCKMORTON Eleanor SPINETO Died: 1445 Treasurer of England Thomas THROCKMORTON Margaret OLNEY John THROCKMORTON Isabel BRUGES Died: 1436 Elizabeth BAYNHAM Robert THROCKMORTON Catherine MARROW John THROCKMORTON Richard THROCKMORTON Edward PEYTO Goditha THROCKMORTON Richard MIDDLEMORE of Mary THROCKMORTON William TRACY Margaret THROCKMORTON Thomas MIDDLEMORE Eleanor THROCKMORTON John THROCKMORTON ancestor of Throckmortons of Claxton ancestor of Throckmortons of Great Edgbaston and Southeltham Stoughton Died: 1499 Thomas GIFFARD of Chillington Ursula THROCKMORTON George THROCKMORTON Katherine VAUX Richard THROCKMORTON Joan BEAUFO Thomas BURDET of Brancot Mary THROCKMORTON Richard MIDDLEMORE of Sir Thomas ENGLEFIELD Elizabeth THROCKMORTON Anthony THROCKMORTON Margaret THROCKMORTON Christopher THROCKMORTON Sheriff of Warks and Leics Died: 1547 Edgbaston Died: 1537 Sheriff of Glocs Muriel BERKELEY Robert THROCKMORTON Elizabeth HUSSEY Clement THROCKMORTON Catherine NEVILLE Nicholas THROCKMORTON Anne CAREW John THROCKMORTON Margaret PUTTENHAM George THROCKMORTON Sir John HUBALD of Ipsley Mary THROCKMORTON John GIFFORD of Ichell Elizabeth THROCKMORTON Gabriel THROCKMORTON Emma LAWRENCE William THROCKMORTON Died: 1570 (app) ancestor of Throckmortons of Haseley Born: 1515 Died: 1580 probable parentage Died: 1553 Died: 1571 Judge in Chester. Ambassador Thomas THROCKMORTON Margaret WHORWOOD Sir John GOODWIN of Elizabeth THROCKMORTON Henry NORWOOD Catherine THROCKMORTON Ralph SHELDON Anne THROCKMORTON Edward ARDEN of Park Hall Mary THROCKMORTON
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT REBECCA BRUYERE Mary Tudor and the Return
    ABSTRACT REBECCA BRUYERE Mary Tudor and the Return of Catholicism (Under the direction of DR. BENJAMIN EHLERS) Ever since John Foxe's labeling of Mary as a bloody tyrant, the label has persisted throughout history even to the present day. Mary, however, was more in touch with her people than Foxe and others would portray her, as a more Catholic form of religion was widely supported. Many people began celebrating the Mass and other Catholic ceremonies even before Mary's ascent to the throne. Upon claiming the throne, Mary relied principally upon the support of the people to help her. She enacted a series of reforms against the more dramatically Protestant elements that her half-brother, King Edward VI, introduced. Most churches met the requirements for the reconstruction of their churches, a feat that was not easy during such difficult economic times. In doing so, the churches relied greatly upon the support of the parishioners, although Mary did try to ease the difficulty of building back Churches by returning various Catholic items. Through pamphlets, Mary and her bishops sought to educate England about Catholicism so that they might understand some of the more fundamental beliefs. Cardinal Pole was instrumental in assisting Mary as well, implementing reforms as well as preaching about Catholicism. However, a good many Protestants were burned as heretics. Despite Mary's intention for prudence, this was one of the low points of Mary's reign from a modern perspective. However, if Mary lived longer and had an heir, England probably would have had a more Catholic religion and would not have noted so strongly the burning of heretics.
    [Show full text]
  • Missions in Chonological Order
    MISSIONS TO AND FROM SCOTLAND IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER Hiram Morgan 1 FROM DENMARK (1473/4) An esquire of the king of Denmark Envoy Lodged at Snowdon herald's house; K of SC entrusted him with buying munitions in DK when departing. HiramTA 1 pp. lv, 68, 69. Morgan 2 FROM ENGLAND (1474) Bishop of Durham; Lord Scrope; & two others +or inc. herald October 1474 Ambassadors Betrothal (Oct 18), Marriage treaty (21 Oct) & renewal of 1465 truce til 1519. HiramTA 1 pp lvii-ix, 27, 52 Morgan 3 . TO GERMANY/EMPIRE (1474) Snowdon herald 11 May 1474 - date of payment before departure £30 in expenses & £15 for gown Parliament had suggested an embassy to make a confederation with HiramEmperor. TA 1 pp.lvi, 50 Morgan 4 TO ENGLAND (1474)-1 Bp of Aberdeen, Sir John Colquhoun of Luss, James Schaw of Sauchy; Lyon herald. Commission 15 June 1474. July in London. Ambassadors Hiram£20 prepayment to Lyon. Embassy suggested by parliament for treaty confirmation, redress & possible marriage alliance between infant prince of Scotland and Cecilia, daughter of Ed IV. TA 1 lv-vi. Morgan 5 TO ENGLAND (1474)-2 Lyon herald Leaves after 3 Nov, signs document in London on 3 Dec 3 Nov 1474 J3 signs articles of peace & Lyon proceeds to London 'for the interchanging of the truces'. 3 Dec LH signs indenture re remission of Cecilia's dowry HiramTA 1 p.lix. Morgan 6 TO ITALY (ROME) (1474) Lombard bankers 1474 The king's appeal against the abp of St Andrews at Rome - the K's interests represented by Lombard bankers.
    [Show full text]
  • Boleyn Festival Draft Programme – January 2012
    Boleyn Festival Draft Programme – January 2012 Thursday 17th May 6pm to 10pm Elizabeth Griffiths - The Boleyns' home at Blickling; Academic historian, Elizabeth Griffiths, present some exciting new evidence about the Tudor house at Blickling where Anne Boleyn was probably born. David Loades - In his recently published book The Boleyn Family, David Loades explored the Boleyn family and their roots in Norfolk. Hear him present his theories about this controversial family. Alison Weir – After her acclaimed about Anne Boleyn’s last days, Alison Weir has turned her attention to the true story of the other Boleyn girl. In Mary Boleyn: "The Great and Infamous Whore" Alison dispels the myths and delves for the facts in the opaque world of Tudor politics. Keynote Address - Eric Ives: The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn Eric Ives is Emeritus Professor of English History at the University of Birmingham. Regarded as the pre-eminent expert on Anne Boleyn this is your chance to hear his authoritative version of the life and death of the woman who chose “the Most Happy” as her personal motto. Ticket price £25 to include a glass of wine Friday 18th May 7pm to 9pm Nicola Shulman – The author of “Graven with Diamonds”, the acclaimed biography of Thomas Wyatt discusses the poet’s relationship with Anne Boleyn and the role of poetry in Henry VIII’s court. George Bernard – In his controversial book “Fatal Attractions” George Bernard, professor of early modern history at the University of Southampton, argues that Anne was guilty of adultery, desperate as she was to provide Henry with a male heir.
    [Show full text]
  • Turcotte History of the Ile D'orleans English Translation
    Salem State University Digital Commons at Salem State University French-Canadian Heritage Collection Archives and Special Collections 2019 History of the Ile d'Orleans L. P. Turcotte Elizabeth Blood Salem State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salemstate.edu/fchc Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Turcotte, L. P. and Blood, Elizabeth, "History of the Ile d'Orleans" (2019). French-Canadian Heritage Collection. 2. https://digitalcommons.salemstate.edu/fchc/2 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Archives and Special Collections at Digital Commons at Salem State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in French-Canadian Heritage Collection by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons at Salem State University. History of the Ile d’Orléans by L.P. Turcotte Originally published in Québec: Atelier Typographique du “Canadien,” 21 rue de la Montagne, Basse-Ville, Québec City 1867 Translated into English by Dr. Elizabeth Blood, Salem State University, Salem, Massachusetts 2019 1 | © 2019 Elizabeth Blood TRANSLATOR’S PREFACE It is estimated that, today, there are about 20 million North American descendants of the relatively small number of French immigrants who braved the voyage across the Atlantic to settle the colony of New France in the 17th and early 18th centuries. In fact, Louis-Philippe Turcotte tells us that there were fewer than 5,000 inhabitants in all of New France in 1667, but that number increased exponentially with new arrivals and with each new generation of French Canadiens. By the mid-19th century, the land could no longer support the population, and the push and pull of political and economic forces led to a massive emigration of French-Canadians into the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
    [Show full text]