Bio-Ecologie De Triaenops Furculus (Hipposideridae
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African Bat Conservation News
Volume 35 African Bat Conservation News August 2014 ISSN 1812-1268 © ECJ Seamark, 2009 (AfricanBats) Above: A male Cape Serotine Bat (Neoromicia capensis) caught in the Chitabi area, Okavango Delta, Botswana. Inside this issue: Research and Conservation Activities Presence of paramyxo and coronaviruses in Limpopo caves, South Africa 2 Observations, Discussions and Updates Recent changes in African Bat Taxonomy (2013-2014). Part II 3 Voucher specimen details for Bakwo Fils et al. (2014) 4 African Chiroptera Report 2014 4 Scientific contributions Documented record of Triaenops menamena (Family Hipposideridae) in the Central Highlands of 6 Madagascar Download and subscribe to African Bat Conservation News published by AfricanBats at: www.africanbats.org The views and opinions expressed in articles are no necessarily those of the editor or publisher. Articles and news items appearing in African Bat Conservation News may be reprinted, provided the author’s and newsletter refer- ence are given. African Bat Conservation News August 2014 vol. 35 2 ISSN 1812-1268 Inside this issue Continued: Recent Literature Conferences 7 Published Books / Reports 7 Papers 7 Notice Board Conferences 13 Call for Contributions 13 Research and Conservation Activities Presence of paramyxo- and coronaviruses in Limpopo caves, South Africa By Carmen Fensham Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa. Correspondence: Prof. Wanda Markotter: [email protected] Carmen Fensham is a honours excrement are excised and used to isolate any viral RNA that student in the research group of may be present. The identity of the RNA is then determined Prof. -
České Vernakulární Jmenosloví Netopýrů. I. Návrh Úplného Jmenosloví
Vespertilio 13–14: 263–308, 2010 ISSN 1213-6123 České vernakulární jmenosloví netopýrů. I. Návrh úplného jmenosloví Petr Benda zoologické oddělení PM, Národní museum, Václavské nám. 68, CZ–115 79 Praha 1, Česko; katedra zoologie, PřF University Karlovy, Viničná 7, CZ–128 44 Praha 2, Česko; [email protected] Czech vernacular nomenclature of bats. I. Proposal of complete nomenclature. The first and also the last complete Czech vernacular nomenclature of bats was proposed by Presl (1834), who created names for three suborders (families), 31 genera and 110 species of bats (along with names for all other then known mammals). However, his nomenclature is almost forgotten and is not in common use any more. Although more or less representative Czech nomenclatures of bats were later proposed several times, they were never complete. The most comprehensive nomenclature was proposed by Anděra (1999), who gave names for all supra-generic taxa (mostly homonymial) and for 284 species within the order Chiroptera (ca. 31% of species names compiled by Koopman 1993). A new proposal of a complete Czech nomenclature of bats is given in the Appendix. The review of bat taxonomy by Simmons (2005) was adopted and complemented by several new taxa proposed in the last years (altogether ca. 1200 names). For all taxa, a Czech name (in binomial structure for species following the scientific zoological nomenclature) was adopted from previous vernacular nomenclatures or created as a new name, with an idea to give distinct original Czech generic names to representatives of all families, in cases of species- -rich families also of subfamilies or tribes. -
The Evolution of Echolocation in Bats: a Comparative Approach
The evolution of echolocation in bats: a comparative approach Alanna Collen A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London. November 2012 Declaration Declaration I, Alanna Collen (née Maltby), confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, this is indicated in the thesis, and below: Chapter 1 This chapter is published in the Handbook of Mammalian Vocalisations (Maltby, Jones, & Jones) as a first authored book chapter with Gareth Jones and Kate Jones. Gareth Jones provided the research for the genetics section, and both Kate Jones and Gareth Jones providing comments and edits. Chapter 2 The raw echolocation call recordings in EchoBank were largely made and contributed by members of the ‘Echolocation Call Consortium’ (see full list in Chapter 2). The R code for the diversity maps was provided by Kamran Safi. Custom adjustments were made to the computer program SonoBat by developer Joe Szewczak, Humboldt State University, in order to select echolocation calls for measurement. Chapter 3 The supertree construction process was carried out using Perl scripts developed and provided by Olaf Bininda-Emonds, University of Oldenburg, and the supertree was run and dated by Olaf Bininda-Emonds. The source trees for the Pteropodidae were collected by Imperial College London MSc student Christina Ravinet. Chapter 4 Rob Freckleton, University of Sheffield, and Luke Harmon, University of Idaho, helped with R code implementation. 2 Declaration Chapter 5 Luke Harmon, University of Idaho, helped with R code implementation. Chapter 6 Joseph W. -
Dissertation Bats As Reservoir Hosts
DISSERTATION BATS AS RESERVOIR HOSTS: EXPLORING NOVEL VIRUSES IN NEW WORLD BATS Submitted by Ashley Malmlov Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Spring 2018 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Tony Schountz Richard Bowen Page Dinsmore Kristy Pabilonia Copyright by Ashley Malmlov 2018 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT BATS AS RESERVOIR HOSTS: EXPLORING NOVEL VIRUSES IN NEW WORLD BATS Order Chiroptera is oft incriminated for their capacity to serve as reservoirs for many high profile human pathogens, including Ebola virus, Marburg virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Nipah virus and Hendra virus. Additionally, bats are postulated to be the original hosts for such virus families and subfamilies as Paramyxoviridae and Coronavirinae. Given the perceived risk bats may impart upon public health, numerous explorations have been done to delineate if in fact bats do host more viruses than other animal species, such as rodents, and to ascertain what is unique about bats to allow them to maintain commensal relationships with zoonotic pathogens and allow for spillover. Of particular interest is data that demonstrate type I interferons (IFN), a first line defense to invading viruses, may be constitutively expressed in bats. The constant expression of type I IFNs would hamper viral infection as soon as viral invasion occurred, thereby limiting viral spread and disease. Another immunophysiological trait that may facilitate the ability to harbor viruses is a lack of somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation, which would decrease antibody affinity and neutralizing antibody titers, possibly facilitating viral persistence. -
Appendix 3: Synonyms
African Chiroptera Report 2009 1479 Appendix 3: Synonyms Appendix 3a: Synonyms by Name This appendix contains all of the synonyms found in the literature (excluding new name combinations and lapsi calami). For each of these synonyms the current name is included to be able to link the name to the information in the main text and the other appendices. The "Taxasyns-id" and "Taxis_id" fields contain the numbers used in the TAXIS African Chiroptera database and are used for internal purposes only. Original Name Taxasyns Current Name Taxis_id _id ? anjouanensis Dorst, 1960 2112 Myotis anjouanensis (Dorst, 1960) 450 [Nyctinomus (Nyctinomus) pumilus] Var. Major 1826 Chaerephon major (Trouessart, 1897) 211 Trouessart, 1897 [Pipistrellus] latastei Laurent, 1937 2935 Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, 1817) 63 [Rhinolophus hipposideros] escaleræ K. 2662 Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800) 439 Andersen, 1918 [Triaenops] furinea Tate, 1941 3472 Triaenops pauliani Goodman and Ranivo, 2008 568 [Vesperugo (Vesperus) serotinus] Var. 2073 Eptesicus serotinus (Schreber, 1774) 369 Gabonensis Trouessart, 1897 [Xantharpia (]Myonycteris[)] Matschie, 1899 595 Myonycteris Matschie, 1899 201 acrotis G.M. Allen, 1914 669 Rhinolophus fumigatus Rüppell, 1842 112 Adelonycteris H. Allen, 1892 1108 Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820 30 Aëorestes Fitzinger, 1870 714 Myotis Kaup, 1829 74 Afropipistrellus Thorn, Kock and Cuisin, 2007 3317 Pipistrellus Kaup, 1829 33 Afropterus Lavocat, 1961 3296 Megaderma E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1810 549 Afropterus gigas Lavocat, 1961 3290 Megaderma -
Diversity and Diversification Across the Global Radiation of Extant Bats
Diversity and Diversification Across the Global Radiation of Extant Bats by Jeff J. Shi A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) in the University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Professor Catherine Badgley, co-chair Assistant Professor and Assistant Curator Daniel Rabosky, co-chair Associate Professor Geoffrey Gerstner Associate Research Scientist Miriam Zelditch Kalong (Malay, traditional) Pteropus vampyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) Illustration by Gustav Mützel (Brehms Tierleben), 19271 1 Reproduced as a work in the public domain of the United States of America; accessible via the Wikimedia Commons repository. EPIGRAPHS “...one had to know the initial and final states to meet that goal; one needed knowledge of the effects before the causes could be initiated.” Ted Chiang; Story of Your Life (1998) “Dr. Eleven: What was it like for you, at the end? Captain Lonagan: It was exactly like waking up from a dream.” Emily St. John Mandel; Station Eleven (2014) Bill Watterson; Calvin & Hobbes (October 27, 1989)2 2 Reproduced according to the educational usage policies of, and direct correspondence with Andrews McMeel Syndication. © Jeff J. Shi 2018 [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-8529-7100 DEDICATION To the memory and life of Samantha Jade Wang. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All of the research presented here was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship, an Edwin H. Edwards Scholarship in Biology, and awards from the University of Michigan’s Rackham Graduate School and the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology (EEB). A significant amount of computational work was funded by a Michigan Institute for Computational Discovery and Engineering fellowship; specimen scanning, loans, and research assistants were funded by the Museum of Zoology’s Hinsdale & Walker fund and an NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant. -
Overview of Bat and Wildlife Coronavirus Surveillance in Africa: a Framework for Global Investigations
viruses Review Overview of Bat and Wildlife Coronavirus Surveillance in Africa: A Framework for Global Investigations Marike Geldenhuys 1 , Marinda Mortlock 1 , Jonathan H. Epstein 1,2 , Janusz T. Paw˛eska 1,3 , Jacqueline Weyer 1,3,4 and Wanda Markotter 1,* 1 Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (J.H.E.); [email protected] (J.T.P.); [email protected] (J.W.) 2 EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001, USA 3 Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa 4 Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating health and socio-economic impacts. Human activities, especially at the wildlife interphase, are at the core of forces driving the emergence of new viral agents. Global surveillance activities have identified bats as the natural hosts of diverse coronaviruses, with other domestic and wildlife animal species possibly acting as intermediate or spillover hosts. The African continent is confronted by several factors that challenge prevention and response to novel disease emergences, such as high species diversity, inadequate health systems, and drastic social and ecosystem changes. We reviewed published animal coronavirus surveillance studies conducted in Africa, specifically summarizing surveillance approaches, species numbers tested, and findings. Far more surveillance has been Citation: Geldenhuys, M.; Mortlock, initiated among bat populations than other wildlife and domestic animals, with nearly 26,000 bat M.; Epstein, J.H.; Paw˛eska,J.T.; Weyer, J.; Markotter, W. -
Novel Paramyxoviruses in Bats from Sub-Saharan Africa, 2007–2012
DISPATCHES Novel Paramyxoviruses in Bats from Sub-Saharan Africa, 2007–2012 Marinda Mortlock, Ivan V. Kuzmin, role as potential paramyxovirus reservoirs (3,4). To con- Jacqueline Weyer, Amy T. Gilbert, tribute toward the knowledge of bat-associated paramyxo- Bernard Agwanda, Charles E. Rupprecht, virus diversity and distribution, we sampled multiple bat Louis H. Nel, Teresa Kearney, species from several sub-Saharan African countries. Jean M. Malekani, Wanda Markotter The Study As part of a larger survey for detection of pathogens among During 2007–2012, we sampled 1,220 bats representing at wildlife in sub-Saharan Africa conducted during 2007–2012, least 48 species from multiple locations in selected coun- multiple diverse paramyxovirus sequences were detected tries in Africa (Table 1). Bats were anesthetized with the in renal tissues of bats. Phylogenetic analysis supports the presence of at least 2 major viral lineages and suggests use of ketamine (0.05–0.1 mg/g body mass) and exsan- that paramyxoviruses are strongly associated with several guinated by cardiac puncture. Voucher specimens were bat genera. identified through morphologic characterization (7) or, alternatively, through genetic barcoding. Approximately 30–100 mg of renal tissue was used for RNA extraction. A embers of the Paramyxoviridae family are enveloped heminested primer set targeting the conserved polymerase Mnegative-sense RNA viruses, further classified into (large) gene of Respirovirus, Morbillivirus, and Henipavi- either the Pneumovirinae or Paramyxovirinae subfamily rus was used for sample screening through reverse tran- (1).The Paramyxovirinae subfamily has increasingly been scription PCR (8). A total of 103 samples (8.4%) tested associated with bat species across the globe. -
Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with Description of a New Species from Southern Arabia and Definitions of a New Genus and Tribe
Folia Zoologica, Vol. 58, Monograph 1 Petr BENDA and Peter VALLO Taxonomic revision of The genus Triaenops (chiropTera: hipposideridae) wiTh descripTion of a new species from souThern arabia and definiTions of a new genus and Tribe Institute of Vertebrate Biology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. Brno 2009 Petr Benda1,2 and Peter Vallo3,4 1 Department of Zoology, National Museum (Natural History), Václavské nám. 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Vertebrate Zoology, AS CR, v.v.i., Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 4 Institute of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 27 Brno, Czech Republic BENDA P. & VALLO P. 2009: Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zool. 58 (Monograph 1): 1–45. Abstract The genus Triaenops has been considered monospecific in its African and Middle Eastern range (T. persicus), while three other species have been recognised as endemic to Madagascar (T. menamena, T. furculus, and T. auritus), and another to the western Seychelles (T. pauliani). We analysed representative samples of T. persicus from East Africa and the Middle East using both morphological and molecular genetics approaches and compared them with most of the available type material of species of this genus. Morphological comparisons revealed four distinct morphotypes in the set of examined specimens; one in Africa, the others in the Middle East. -
Bats of the Beanka Forest, a Limestone Karstic Zone Near Maintirano, Central Western Madagascar
Bats of the Beanka Forest, a limestone karstic zone near Maintirano, central western Madagascar Beza Ramasindrazana1, 2 & Steven M. Goodman2, 3 les données obtenues et de vérifier que la majorité 1Département de Biologie Animale, Université des espèces de la région ont été convenablement d’Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, échantillonnées. Madagascar La forêt de Beanka (centrée à 17º55,26’S, E-mail: [email protected] 44º59,81’E) est située dans la Province de Mahajanga, 2 Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Région Melaky, à environ 75 km à l’Est de Maintirano. Madagascar L’altitude des sites échantillonnés varie de 135 à 3Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake 305 m au dessus de la mer. La forêt de Beanka est Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA gérée par ‘’Biodiversity Conservation Madagascar’’ E-mail: [email protected], sgoodman@ (BCM), représenté par son bureau de liaison à vahatra.mg Ambinda, qui s’occupe non seulement de la gestion de la forêt mais aussi des réalités socio-économiques de la population riveraine en vue de faciliter la Abstract conservation de la biodiversité de la région. Grâce à Fieldwork was undertaken between October and ces formations karstiques du Mésozoïque, la forêt de November 2009 in the Beanka Forest, a limestone Beanka possède de nombreuses grottes qui peuvent karstic zone in central western Madagascar servir de gîtes diurnes pour beaucoup d’espèces de characterized by dry forest, to document the local bat chauves-souris. Pendant cette étude, les chauves- fauna. Animals were captured using mist nets and harp souris ont été capturées à l’aide des filets de 6 et 12 traps, or were removed directly from cave roosts with m et des pièges harpes (1 x 1 m and 2 x 1.9 m). -
The Bats of Madagascar: a Conservation Challenge
Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners The Bats of Madagascar: a Conservation Challenge Author(s): Scott G. Cardiff and Richard K. B. Jenkins Source: Lessons in Conservation, Vol. 6, pp. 80-108 Published by: Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Stable URL: ncep.amnh.org/linc/ This article is featured in Lessons in Conservation, the official journal of the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP). NCEP is a collaborative project of the American Museum of Natural History’s Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) and a number of institutions and individuals around the world. Lessons in Conservation is designed to introduce NCEP teaching and learning resources (or “modules”) to a broad audience. NCEP modules are designed for undergraduate and professional level education. These modules—and many more on a variety of conservation topics—are available for free download at our website, ncep.amnh.org. To learn more about NCEP, visit our website: ncep.amnh.org. All reproduction or distribution must provide full citation of the original work and provide a copyright notice as follows: “Copyright 2016, by the authors of the material and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History. All rights reserved.” Illustrations obtained from the American Museum of Natural History’s library: images.library.amnh.org/digital/ 80 SYNTHESIS The Bats of Madagascar: A Conservation Challenge Scott G. Cardiff1 and Richard K. B. Jenkins2 1Columbia University, New York, USA; 2University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK ABSTRACT Madagascar has more than 40 recognized species of bats, distributed among seven families, over half of which are endemic to the island, including the family Myzopodidae. -
Malagasy Bats Shelter a Considerable Genetic Diversity of Pathogenic
Malagasy bats shelter a considerable genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira suggesting notable host-specificity patterns. Yann Gomard1,2, Muriel Dietrich1,3, Nicolas Wieseke4, Beza Ramasindrazana1,2,5, Erwan Lagadec1,2, Steven M. Goodman5,6, Koussay Dellagi1,2,7, and Pablo Tortosa1,2,* 1 Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l’Océan Indien (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La 2 Réunion, France, Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", INSERM U 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249. Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France, 3 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, 4 Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Parallel Computing and Complex Systems Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer 5 Science, University of Leipzig, Augustusplatz 10, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany, Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 6 101, Madagascar, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, United States of America, 7Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France. *Corresponding author: CRVOI, UMR PIMIT, Université de La Réunion, INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Ste Clotilde, La Réunion, France. Tel: +262 262 938 820 Fax: +262 262 938 801. E-mail: [email protected] Running title: Leptospira host-specificity in Malagasy Chiroptera One sentence summary: This study highlights the high genetic diversity of Leptospira in Madagascar bats and demonstrates that this genetic diversity is structured by a notable host-specifity pattern.