DOCSLIB.ORG

Prehistoric Mobile Stone Sculpture of the Lower Columbia River Valley: a Preliminary Study in a Southern Northwest Coast Culture Subarea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prehistoric Mobile Stone Sculpture of the Lower Columbia River Valley: a Preliminary Study in a Southern Northwest Coast Culture Subarea Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-1978 Prehistoric mobile stone sculpture of the lower Columbia River valley: a preliminary study in a southern Northwest Coast culture subarea Marilyn Sargent Peterson Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Peterson, Marilyn Sargent, "Prehistoric mobile stone sculpture of the lower Columbia River valley: a preliminary study in a southern Northwest Coast culture subarea" (1978). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 859. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.859 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. PREHISTORIC MOBILE STONE SCULPTURE OF TIlE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER VALLEY A Preliminary Study in a Southern Northwest Coast Culture Subarea by MARILYN SARGENT PETERSON A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in ANTIIROPOLOGY Portland State University 1978 © Marilyn Sargent Peterson TO THE OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH: The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Marilyn Sargent Peterson presented November 14, 1978. Wayne Sutt~ es, Chairman . Thomas M. Newman Dale Archibald Gorct:on lB. Dodds \ APPROVED: Daniel J. Sche~Chairman, Department of Anthropology St and Research ACKNOWLEDGMEN IS I would like first and foremost to acknowledge the help of my chairman Dr. Wayne Suttles and committee members Dr. Thomas Newman, Mr. Dale Archibald, and Dr,. Gordon Dodds in finalizing various aspects of this study's content. I am particularly grateful for their patience in working through many pages of unpolished il,aterial and for their sharing of insightful comments. I am also indebtec1. to Dr. Daniel Schv... ns and Dr. Whitney Bates for their kindness and cooperation in S>10C... :lii1g out a series of pro­ cedural problems. Their forthright commitment was very much appreciated. To the many library, historical society, and museum personnel who persevered in ferreting out materials, do~)umentation, and the like, I give special thanks. Likewise, to ti1(' _J'J~eration, interest, ana hospitality of collectors, I say thank you. I would like to express my deep appr.I?',:~_ation to the following individuals for their financial support of fie1.dwork and actual thesis production costs: Mr. and Mr. Glenn L. Sargent, Mr. and Mrs. George J. Dykes, Mr. and Mrs. G. Raymond Cyrus, Mr. and Mrs. Ronald T. Iwasaki, Mr. Edl-Jard A. Bourgo, Mr. James J. Curtis. I also gratefully acknowledge the help of several people vUlO gave generously of their time and expertise in bringing this study through its final production, especially Mr. Glenn L. S.:ar~C!nt (photography), Mr. O. Eric Peterson (photography; maps), N3. Donnie Momi Schable (pen and ink illustrations), Ms. Sharon E. Cyrus and Ms. Phyllis E. iv Lancefield-Steeves (museum data recording), Ms. Lillian M. Blanchard and Ms. Dale 1. Haynes (editing; layout; typing). Ms. Margaret L. Lyseng kindly provided a typewriter for my use, and Mr" Scott L. Ballard, technical illustration equipment. And finally I would like to acknowledge the perhaps less tangible but greatly valued intellectual and personal support by various individ­ uals including my extended family and friends. Most especially I am indebted to Dr. Nevin ("Patt") Lamb, Mr. L. Richard Steeves, Ms. Phyllis E. Lancefield-Steeves, an.d Me. Sharon E. Cyrus for their lively interest, stimulating converation, and persistent supportiveness in this undertaking. Above all others, I would likE to thar~1t my husband for his sturdy conviction that it was all possible. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWJ.EDGEMENTS • • . • • • • . • • · . · . · . iii LIST OF FIGURES . · . vii LIST OF MAPS • • . · . x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION • • • • • , . 1 Identification of the Problem · . · . 1 Scope of the Study . · . • • • • D II 2 Survey of the Literature · . 2 Significance of the Research · . 7 II RESEARCH STRATEGY AND METHODS · . 9 Introduction e I • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Basic Research Strategy • · . · . 9 Data Collection Methods and their Limitations • 12 Criteria for Data Inclusion in the Study . 17 Data Analysis Methods • • • . 20 III INTRODUCTION TO THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL, AND ETHNOGRAPHIC CONTEXTS OF THE LO~~R COLUMBIA RIVER . 22 The Setting • . · . 22 Brief History of the Archaeological Research . 24 Archaeological Contexts • • • • • • • . • • · . 31 Historical Sources and their Contexts • . · . · . 33 vi CHAPTER PAGE Ethnographic Context: Operational Area Definition. 35 IV DATA PRESENTATION • • · . 40 Introduction • • • • • c • • • • • 40 Sites . - . · . • • 43 V DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS • • . 191 The Sample: Its Size and Nature • . 192 Distributional Patterns · . 192 Summary of Zoomorphic Carvings • ~ . 194 Summary of Anthropomorphic Carvings . 216 Summary of Undefined Carvings . 224 VI SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMM~~ATIONS FOR FUR THER RESEARCH • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 227 Distributional Patterns · . 227 Contexts and Chronology · . 230 Recommendations for Further Research • . 239 BIBLIOGRAPHY . " 243 INDEX OF SITES (GEOGRAPHIC ORDER, WEST TO EAST) . 256 INDEX OF SITES (ALPHABETIC ORDER) • . 259 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Zoomorphic carving, Palmrose 1 • • • • • • · . · . 45 2. Bowl with zoomorphic face and tail, Ilwaco 1 • · . · . 46 3. Zoomorphic pipe, Altoona 1 • . · . · . · . 50 4. Anthropomorphic form, Sauvie Island 1 · . " 59 5. Anthropomorphic (?) form, Sauvie Island 2 · . • • •• CI 60 6. Zoomorphic form (owl?), Sauvie Isiand 3 • • • • · . 62 7. Zoomorphic (?) form, Sauvie Island 5 · • • · · · · · · 64 8. Additional views of Figure 7 . • • · • · • • · · 65 9. Zoomorphic carving, Sauvie Island 6 · • · • · · · 67 10. Zoomorphic form Sauvie Island 7 69 9 • · • • · · · • · · • • · 11. Bird form with inset mortar; Sauvie Island 8 • • • • • • • 70 12. Additional views of Figure 11 · • • • • · · • · · · · · 71 13. Zoomorphic form, Sauvie Island 16 · · • · · • · · · · · · 75 14. Zoomorphic form (owl?), Sauvie Island 17 • · • • · • • · · 76 15. Anthropomorphic face, Cholick 1 · • · • • · · • • • • · · 82 16. Zoomorphic form (?), Vancouver Lake/Lake River 1 · · · · · 89 17. Anthropomorphic form, H~rzog 1 · . · . · . 94 18. Zoomorphic form, Cape Horn 1 . · . · . · . · . 109 19. Pestle with zoomorphic form atop h::l.T!dle, Mosier 1 •••• 117 20. Anthropomorphic head, Lyle 1 • • · . · . · . 120 21. Double mortar toJ'ith faces, Klindt 1 · . • • • • • • • • • • 123 viii FIGURE PAGE 22. Zoomorphic form (owl?), Klindt 2 • · . · . 125 23. Zoomorphic head, The Dalles 1 . • . · . • · · · • · 127 24. Anthropomorphic head with inset mortar, FJ.ve Mile Rapids 1 133 25. Owl with inset mortar, Five Mile Rapids 8 · · · • · · · • 135 26. Anthropomorphic form with inset mortar, Five Mile Rapids 9 136 27. Bird form with inset mortar, Bead Patch 3 · • · · • · · · 140 28. Bowl with zoomorphic (owl?) faces, Big Eddy 2 • · · · · · 146 29. Pipe with bird head, OhBe 1 . • . · • • · · · · · 149 30. Bowl with zoomorphic form, Below Maybe 1 · · • · · · 151 31- Bead with zoomorphic form, Maybe 1 • • • • · · • · · • · · 153 32. Zoomorphic form, Maybe 5 • • • · . 157 33. Zoomorphic head, Maybe 7 • . 158 34. Maul with zoomorphic form atop handle, Atlatl Valley 1 •• 166 35. Bowl with four pairs of eyes, Atlatl Valley 2 168 36. Mortar with zoomorphic form, Atlatl Valley 3 • · . · . 169 37. Zoomorphic form, Atlatl Valley : • · . 171 38. Small zoomorphic forms, Wakemap 1, 2, 3 · . 175 39. Palette in zoomorphic shape, Wakemap 13 · . 181 40. Mortar with quadruped in relief, l-lakemap 17 · . 183 41. Mortar with zoomorphic form, Leachman 1 · . 186 42. Classification of carvings as zoomorphic or anthropomorphic . 195 43. Types of animals represented by zoomorphic carvings . 199 44. Basic forms of zoomorphic "clubs" ••• • • • • • • • 200 ix FIGURE PAGE 45. Amount of body represented in zoomorphic carvings. • •• 206 46. Dimensional representation of zoomot:phic carvings • 207 47. Types or "uses" of zoomorphic carvings ••••• • • • • 209 48. Distribution of features of zoomorphic carvings . 212 49. Amount of body represented in anthropomorphic carvings 217 50. Dimensional representation of anthropomorphic carvingl; 219 5!. Types or "uses" of anthropomorphic carvings • . 220 52. Distribution of features of anthropomorphic carvings . 222 53. Zoomorphic carvings by type of site and its dating • •• 232 54. Anthropomorphic carvings by type of site and its dating • 235 55. Chronological ordering of lower Columbia River sites with stone carvings • • • . • • 237 LIST OF MAPS MAP PAGE 1. Archaeological sites above The Dalles, Oregon . 129 2. Grouped distribution of ston~ carvings •• • • • • •• 193 3. Distribution of zoomorphic carvings ••• . 196 4. Distribution of anthropomorphic carvings . 197 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION IDENTIFICA TION OF lciE PROnLEM In the last one hundred and fifty years or more, farmers, fisher­ men, road and railroad construction workers, collectors, as well as archaeologists have discovered several hundred stone sculptures along the banks of the Columbia River. One area of note is that of the lower Columbia River, that is, the area of The Dalles, Oregon, downriver to the area around the mouth of the river. Many of these sculptures were shaped into zoomorphic or anthropomorphic forms. Throughout
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Approval of Minutes: Election of Officers: Sarah
    BAKER CITY PUBLIC ARTS COMMISSION APPROVED MINUTES July 9, 2019 ROLL CALL: The meeting was called to order at 5:40 p.m. Present were: Ann Mehaffy, Lynette Perry, Corrine Vetger, Kate Reid, Fred Warner, Jr., Robin Nudd and guest Dean Reganess. APPROVAL OF Lynette moved to approve the June minutes as presented. Corrine MINUTES: seconded the motion. Motion carried. ELECTION OF Ann questioned if she and Corrine could serve as co-chairs. Robin OFFICERS: would check into it and let them know at next meeting. SARAH FRY PROJECT Ann reported that the pieces were being stored in the basement at UPDATE: City Hall. Ann would check with Molly to see if she had heard back on timeline for repairs to brickwork at the Corner Brick building. ART ON LOAN: Corrine stated that she would reach out to Shawn. SHAWN PETERSON PROJECT UPDATE: VINYL WRAP Nothing new to report on the project with ODOT. UPDATE: OTHER BUSINESS: Dean Reganess was present and visited with group regarding his trade: stone masonry. Dean is a third generation stone mason and had recently relocated to Baker City. Dean announced that he wanted to offer his help in the community and discussed creating a large community stone sculpture that could be pinned together. Dean also discussed stone benches with an estimated cost of $1200/each. Dean mentioned that a film crew would be coming from San Antonio and thought the exposure might be good for Baker. Corrine questioned if Dean had ideas to help the Public Arts Commission raise funds for public art. Dean mentioned that he would be willing to create a mold/casting of something that depicted Baker and it could be recreated and sold to raise funds.
    [Show full text]
  • Sculpture Northwest Nov/Dec 2015 Ssociation a Nside: I “Conversations” Why Do You Carve? Barbara Davidson Bill Weissinger Doug Wiltshire Victor Picou Culptors
    Sculpture NorthWest Nov/Dec 2015 ssociation A nside: I “Conversations” Why Do You Carve? Barbara Davidson Bill Weissinger Doug Wiltshire Victor Picou culptors S Stone Carving Videos “Threshold” Public Art by: Brian Goldbloom tone S est W t Brian Goldbloom: orth ‘Threshold’ (Detail, one of four Vine Maple column wraps), 8 feet high and 14 N inches thick, Granite Sculpture NorthWest is published every two months by NWSSA, NorthWest Stone Sculptors Association, a In This Issue Washington State Non-Profit Professional Organization. Letter From The President ... 3 CONTACT P.O. Box 27364 • Seattle, WA 98165-1864 FAX: (206) 523-9280 Letter From The Editors ... 3 Website: www.nwssa.org General e-mail: [email protected] “Conversations”: Why Do We Carve? ... 4 NWSSA BOARD OFFICERS Carl Nelson, President, (425) 252-6812 Ken Barnes, Vice President, (206) 328-5888 Michael Yeaman, Treasurer, (360) 376-7004 Verena Schwippert, Secretary, (360) 435-8849 NWSSA BOARD Pat Barton, (425) 643-0756 Rick Johnson, (360) 379-9498 Ben Mefford, (425) 943-0215 Steve Sandry, (425) 830-1552 Doug Wiltshire, (503) 890-0749 PRODUCTION STAFF Penelope Crittenden, Co-editor, (541) 324-8375 Lane Tompkins, Co-editor, (360) 320-8597 Stone Carving Videos ... 6 DESIGNER AND PRINTER Nannette Davis of QIVU Graphics, (425) 485-5570 WEBMASTER Carl Nelson [email protected] 425-252-6812 Membership...................................................$45/yr. Subscription (only)........................................$30/yr. ‘Threshold’, Public Art by Brian Goldbloom ... 10 Please Note: Only full memberships at $45/yr. include voting privileges and discounted member rates at symposia and workshops. MISSION STATEMENT The purpose of the NWSSA’s Sculpture NorthWest Journal is to promote, educate, and inform about stone sculpture, and to share experiences in the appreciation and execution of stone sculpture.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Scientific Assessment Report Vancouver Watershed Health
    INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT REPORT VANCOUVER WATERSHED HEALTH ASSESSMENT Prepared for City of Vancouver, Washington Prepared by Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc. and Pacific Groundwater Group Note: Some pages in this document have been purposely skipped or blank pages inserted so this document will copy correctly when duplexed. INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC ASSESSMENT REPORT VANCOUVER WATERSHED HEALTH ASSESSMENT Prepared for City of Vancouver Surface Water Management 4500 Southeast Columbia Way Vancouver, Washington 98661 Prepared by Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc. 1001 Southeast Water Avenue, Suite 290 Portland, Oregon 97214 Telephone: 503-228-4301 and Pacific Groundwater Group 2377 Eastlake Avenue East Suite #200 Seattle, Washington 98102 Telephone: 206-329-0141 February 20, 2019 CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Study Area and Vicinity ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge Clark County, Washington: a Preliminary Report
    Portland State University PDXScholar Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations Anthropology 1999 Archaeological Investigations at 45CL1 Cathlapotle (1991-1996) , Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge Clark County, Washington: a Preliminary Report Kenneth M. Ames Portland State University, [email protected] Cameron M. Smith Portland State University William L. Cornett Portland State University Elizabeth A. Sobel Portland State University Stephen C. Hamilton Portland State University SeeFollow next this page and for additional additional works authors at: https:/ /pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/anth_fac Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Ames, K. M., U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service., & Portland State University. (1999). Archaeological investigations at 45CL1 Cathlapotle (1991-1996), Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge, Clark County, Washington: A preliminary report. Portland, Or: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This Technical Report is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Authors Kenneth M. Ames; Cameron M. Smith; William L. Cornett; Elizabeth A. Sobel; Stephen C. Hamilton; John Wolf; Doria Raetz; United States. Department of the Interior; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1; and Portland State University. Department of Anthropology This technical report is available at PDXScholar: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/anth_fac/61 Archaeological Investigations at 45CL1 Cathlapotle (1991-1996) , Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge Clark County, Washington A Preliminary Report by Kenneth M. Ames, Cameron M. Smith, William L.
    [Show full text]
  • Burnt Bridge Creek Watershed
    Burnt Bridge Creek Watershed • The Burnt Bridge Creek Watershed is the area of land in Clark County where all of the water drains into Burnt Bridge Creek. • It is a mostly flat area and it covers about 28 square miles. About two-thirds of this area is in the City of Vancouver. • It starts in large wetland area, then forms ditches and channels. Eventually it flows as a creek on its way into Vancouver Lake. • This watershed is a highly developed area with a lot of paved surfaces. • Only 4% of the watershed is left as a forest. • Coho salmon are only found in the very lowest segments of the creek, west of Interstate 5. • Clark County hopes to improve the health of this creek by making greenspaces along the creek. • All of the trees and vegetation will help absorb stormwater and any non-point source pollution that it has picked up while flowing over the watershed. Cedar Creek Watershed • The Cedar Creek watershed is the area of land in Clark County where all of the water drains into Cedar Creek. • This creek is a major tributary of the North Fork Lewis River which starts on Mount Adams. • Cedar Creek drains about 56 square miles of land and is mostly privately owned. • The watershed contains about 8% developed land and 55% forested land. • The upper watershed is in good to excellent health. • The lower part of the watershedis impacted by forestry and agricultural practices. • Cedar Creek supports populations of coho salmon, Chinook salmon, steelhead trout, Pacific lamprey, and freshwater mussels.
    [Show full text]
  • Sculpture and Inscriptions from the Monumental Entrance to the Palatial Complex at Kerkenes DAĞ, Turkey Oi.Uchicago.Edu Ii
    oi.uchicago.edu i KERKENES SPECIAL STUDIES 1 SCULPTURE AND INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE MONUMENTAL ENTRANCE TO THE PALATIAL COMPLEX AT KERKENES DAĞ, TURKEY oi.uchicago.edu ii Overlooking the Ancient City on the Kerkenes Dağ from the Northwest. The Palatial Complex is Located at the Center of the Horizon Just to the Right of the Kale oi.uchicago.edu iii KERKENES SPECIAL STUDIES 1 SCULPTURE AND INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE MONUMENTAL ENTRANCE TO THE PALATIAL COMPLEX AT KERKENES DAĞ, TURKEY by CatheRiNe M. DRAyCOTT and GeOffRey D. SuMMeRS with contribution by CLAUDE BRIXHE and Turkish summary translated by G. B∫KE YAZICIO˝LU ORieNTAL iNSTiTuTe PuBLiCATiONS • VOLuMe 135 THe ORieNTAL iNSTiTuTe Of THe uNiVeRSiTy Of CHiCAGO oi.uchicago.edu iv Library of Congress Control Number: 2008926243 iSBN-10: 1-885923-57-0 iSBN-13: 978-1-885923-57-8 iSSN: 0069-3367 The Oriental Institute, Chicago ©2008 by The university of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2008. Printed in the united States of America. ORiental iNSTiTuTe PuBLicatiONS, VOLuMe 135 Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas G. urban with the assistance of Katie L. Johnson Series Editors’ Acknowledgments The assistance of Sabahat Adil, Melissa Bilal, and Scott Branting is acknowledged in the production of this volume. Spine Illustration fragment of a Griffin’s Head (Cat. No. 3.6) Printed by Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for information Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSi Z39.48-1984. oi.uchicago.edu v TABLE OF CONTENTS LiST Of ABBReViatiONS ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sculpture Northwest
    Sculpture NorthWestQuarterly January - February - March 2010 ssociation A Inside: Artist Spotlight Michael Gardner Candyce Garrett culptors culptors Jim Heltsley S The German Sculptor Ben Siebenrock Cloudstone tone tone Revealed At Last! S The Lost Trade Of Stone Cutting By Joe Conrad Ben Siebenrock, ‘Hertz’ (Heart), Granite, 6’ high ‘Hertz’ 6’ Granite, (Heart), Siebenrock, Ben est est Summer River W Walks On The Pilchuck Abiquiu Workshops orth N Sculpture NorthWest Quarterly is published every three months by NWSSA, NorthWest Stone In This Issue Sculptors Association, a Washington State Non-Profit Professional Letter From The President ... 3 Organization. Letter From The Editors ... 3 CONTACT P.O. Box 27364 • Seattle, WA 98165-1864 Trivia Question - Answer ... 3, 15 FAX: (206) 523-9280 Website: www.nwssa.org General e-mail: [email protected] NWSSA OFFICERS Gerda Lattey, President, (250) 538-8686 Leon White, Vice President, (206) 390-3145 Petra Brambrink, Treasurer, (503) 975-8690 Lane Tompkins, Secretary, (360) 320-8597 Artist Spotlight: Jim Heltsley, Mike Gardner, Candyce NWSSA BOARD Bill Brayman, (503) 440-0062 Garrett ... 4 Carole Turner, (503) 705-0619 Elaine Mac Kay, (541) 298-1012 PRODUCTION STAFF Penelope Crittenden, Co-editor, (360) 221-2117 Lane Tompkins, Co-editor, (360) 320-8597 DESIGNER Adele Eustis The German Sculptor, Ben Siebenrock ... 6 PUBLISHER Nannette Davis of PrintCore, (425) 485-5570 The Lost Trade Of Stone Cutting ... 8 WEBMASTER Carl Nelson [email protected] 425-252-6812 Cloustone Revealed At Last ... 10 Membership........................................$60/yr. Subscription........................................$30/yr. Please Note: Only full memberships at $60/yr. The Abiquiu Workshops ... 12 include voting privileges and discounted member rates at symposia and workshops.
    [Show full text]
  • Salmon Creek and Lakeshore
    VancouverVancouver LakeLake andand LakeLake RiverRiver WatershedsWatersheds SalmonSalmon CreekCreek andand LakeshoreLakeshore RonRon WierengaWierenga ClarkClark CountyCounty PublicPublic WorksWorks WaterWater ResourcesResources ProgramProgram PresentationPresentation OutlineOutline ¾¾ VancouverVancouver LakeLake andand LakeLake RiverRiver WatershedsWatersheds ¾¾ SalmonSalmon CreekCreek WatershedWatershed andand WaterWater QualityQuality ¾¾ LakeshoreLakeshore WatershedWatershed andand WaterWater QualityQuality ¾¾ DiscussionDiscussion ofof SignificanceSignificance ofof InputsInputs toto VancouverVancouver LakeLake GeneralGeneral DepictionDepiction ofof WaterWater QualityQuality ProblemsProblems Washington Department of Ecology 303d Listed Waterways in Lake River System ¾ Vancouver Lake z Phosphorus, fecal coliform, PCB’s ¾ Lake River z Temperature, fecal coliform ¾ Salmon Creek z Oxygen, pH, temperature, fecal coliform, turbidity ¾ Whipple Creek z Fecal coliform ¾ Burnt Bridge Creek z Oxygen, fecal coliform, temperature Area of 90 square miles Mixed land use Five major tributaries and many smaller streams Extensive storm water infrastructure in lower watershed Impervious surfaces greater than 50% in lower watershed Annual Volume 105,000 acre-ft per year Average flow = 145 cfs Range = 15 to 1,510 cfs SalmonSalmon CreekCreek InputsInputs toto LakeLake RiverRiver Parameter Median Value Range Comment Typically higher 80 bac-t per Fecal Coliform 2 to 500 concentration at low 100mL flow Total 0.034 to Higher concentration 0.055 mg/L Phosphorus
    [Show full text]
  • Tools and Machinery of the Granite Industry Donald D
    ©2013 The Early American Industries Association. May not be reprinted without permission. www.earlyamericanindustries.org The Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association, Inc. Vol. 59, No. 2 June 2006 The Early American Industries Contents Association President: Tools and Machinery of the Granite Industry Donald D. Rosebrook Executive Director: by Paul Wood -------------------------------------------------------------- 37 Elton W. Hall THE PURPOSE of the Associa- Machines for Making Bricks in America, 1800-1850 tion is to encourage the study by Michael Pulice ----------------------------------------------------------- 53 of and better understanding of early American industries in the home, in the shop, on American Bucksaws the farm, and on the sea; also by Graham Stubbs ---------------------------------------------------------- 59 to discover, identify, classify, preserve and exhibit obsolete tools, implements and mechani- Departments cal devices which were used in early America. Stanley Tools by Walter W. Jacob MEMBERSHIP in the EAIA The Advertising Signs of the Stanley Rule & Level Co.— is open to any person or orga- Script Logo Period (1910-1920) ------------------------------------------- 70 nization sharing its interests and purposes. For membership Book Review: Windsor-Chair Making in America, From Craft Shop to Consumer by information, write to Elton W. Hall, Executive Nancy Goyne Evans Director, 167 Bakerville Road, Reviewed by Elton W. Hall ------------------------------------------------- 75 South Dartmouth, MA 02748 or e-mail: [email protected]. Plane Chatter by J. M. Whelan An Unusual Iron Mounting ------------------------------------------------- 76 The Chronicle Editor: Patty MacLeish Editorial Board Katherine Boardman Covers John Carter Front: A bucksaw, patented in 1859 by James Haynes, and a nineteenth century Jay Gaynor Raymond V. Giordano saw-buck. Photograph by Graham Stubbs, who discusses American bucksaws Rabbit Goody in this issue beginning on page 59.
    [Show full text]
  • Stone Sculpture Hand Carved Creations in Stone
    Zimbabwe Stone Sculpture HAND CARVED CREATIONS IN STONE • BRIEF BACKGROUND • THE STONE • MEDIA REVIEWS • FEATURED ARTISTS • THE SCULPTURE Gallery Handbook Zimbabwe Stone Sculpture A BRIEF BACKGROUND Born of an artistic environment free from the constraints of formal artistic ACKGROUND rules & boundaries, the Zimbabwe Sculpture Movement has become B known as the most compelling & evocative form of art to emerge from Africa in the 20th century. First appearing in the late 1950s, the art soon captured the attention of the west and has since been featured in many of the world’s finest museums, galleries & private collections. However, the significance of Zimbabwean stone sculpture lies not in the international recognition it has gained, but in its honest and emotional expression of the unique socio-cultural identity of the Zimbabwean community at large. The Zimbabwe Sculpture Movement reads as a testimony of time & place as the artists sculpt a cultural & spiritual induced depiction of the ever- changing Zimbabwean society. As their community changes, new styles emerge to document both the past, the present, and a vision for what’s to come. Zimbabwe Stone Sculpture A BRIEF BACKGROUND CONTINUED - In 1957, Frank McEwen was appointed as the first curator of the new ACKGROUND National Gallery in Salisbury, Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe). He had B previously been curator at the Musée Rodin, Paris and had links with various artists of the time, including Picasso (who was himself heavily influenced by African art) and Matisse. McEwen was impressed with the talent of some of the artists he met in Zimbabwe, and he encouraged them to paint and later to sculpt.
    [Show full text]
  • Stone Carving - Bhubaneswar, Orissa Art Work on Stone by Prof
    D’source 1 Digital Learning Environment for Design - www.dsource.in Design Resource Stone Carving - Bhubaneswar, Orissa Art work on Stone by Prof. Bibhudutta Baral, Divyadarshan C. S. and Aakash Sharma NID Campus, Bengaluru Source: http://www.dsource.in/resource/stone-carving-bhu- baneswar-orissa 1. Introduction 2. Tools and Raw Materials 3. Making Process 4. Products 5. Video 6. Contact Details D’source 2 Digital Learning Environment for Design - www.dsource.in Design Resource Introduction Stone Carving - Indian history is the most prevalent with its principles of art and craft and mainly concentrating towards stone Bhubaneswar, Orissa carving. The history of India created when man first appeared on the globe. Since then, the people along with Art work on Stone numerous countries on earth existed progressing without interruption in handicraft, physical sciences practical by to manual activities, art work on Marble, Sandstone, Lime stone and Soap stone community’s improvement and Prof. Bibhudutta Baral, Divyadarshan C. S. and religious involvement. At first a stones were haphazardly picked up many determinations, Man initiated produc- Aakash Sharma ing tools for himself from when he began his career on this earth. When mankind first spread against a stone or NID Campus, Bengaluru hit his head against the sagging branch of a forest tree, instead of wasting his impotent time, he started making use of the stones and turned the experience to throw that stone as a missile at an enemy or broke the branches to use it as a weapon, he then began his human living on earth. Source: The earliest tools must have been made by cracking or hammering a piece of stones with another stone to http://www.dsource.in/resource/stone-carving-bhu- improve its shape and extend it for use.
    [Show full text]
  • International Peace Gardens National Register Listing Date: Wednesday, March 26, 2014 2:37:48 PM
    Memorandum Memorandum Planning Division Community & Economic Development Department To: Historic Landmark Commission From: Katia Pace, Principal Planner Date: March 26, 2014 Re: National Register of Historic Places Nomination: International Peace Gardens Attached please find the National Register of Historic Places nomination for the International Peace Gardens located at 1000 South 900 West. National Register The National Register of Historic Places is the official federal listing of cultural resources that are significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, and engineering. The Utah State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) desires input from the Historic Landmark Commission, a Certified Local Government (CLG), regarding National Register nominations within the Salt Lake City’s boundaries. A nomination is reviewed by the State Historic Preservation Review Board prior to being submitted to the National Park Service, the federal organization responsible for the National Register. Listing on the National Register provides recognition and assists in preserving the Nation's heritage. Listing of a property provides recognition of its historic significance and assures protective review of federal projects that might adversely affect the character of the historic property. Listing in the National Register does not place limitations on the property by the federal or state government. Background The gardens comprise 11 acres and are located in Jordan Park along the banks of the Jordan River at 9th West and 10th South in Salt Lake. The garden was completed in 1947. Twenty-eight countries are represented at the gardens. The gardens are maintained by the Salt Lake City Parks Department. Criteria for Nomination The Peace Gardens are significant under the following National Register Criteria : Criteria A - The Gardens are significant in the areas of Ethnic Heritage and Social History in its reflection of a desire to increase cultural understanding prior to and following World War II.
    [Show full text]