MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Manual for Planning, Design and Implementation of City Bus Depots
Training Module - Introduction
August, 2020 Why a Manual on depot design & implementation is needed?
Depot performance will depend on key decisions beforehand .
Depots are long term investments meant for efficient services
Very limited guidance exists on Bus Depots for India’s city-buses
Most Depot Managers felt shortfalls exist in depot designs.
PTAs, Operators, Designers & Urban Planners must get involved
A depot must be adaptable to technology changes in its life-cycle Available Bus Depot Guidance was Reviewed
Domestic • Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation. “ Bus Depot Design Guidelines ”, 2017
International • Napa County Transportation and Planning Agency (NCTPA). “ Bus Maintenance Yard and Fuelling Facility ”, 2013
• American Public Transportation Association (APTA). “ Architectural and Engineering Design for a Transit Operating and Maintenance Facility ”, 2011
• U.S. Department of Transportation. “ Transit Garage Planning Guidelines ”, 1987
• UITP. “ Field Study on Bus Depots and Bus Maintenance ”, 2013
• UITP. “ VDV Recommendations on the Design of Bus Depot ”, 2016
• World Bank Urban Bus Toolkit (Depots). “https://ppiaf.org/sites/ppiaf.org/files/documents/toolkits/UrbanBusToolkit/assets/home.html ”
• Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP). “ BRT Planning Guide ”, Chapter 26, 2017
• UWP/SMEC SouthAfrica JV. “North Bus Depot, Basis of Design Report”, 2015 Depot Visits Conducted
Musheerabad-2 Depot, Primary Data and Firsthand TSRTC Feedback obtained by visiting 7 Operating Depots and 3 under construction Depots Shanthi Nagar Depot, BMTC
SRTC Surat Depot, Surat Sitilink Limited Volvo Depot, BMTC
Todi Depot, JCTSL
Colaba Depot, BEST Hubli Depot, HDBRTS
Dharwad Depot, HDBRTS City/SPV
Bagrana Depot, JCTSL
Kanjhawala Depot, Cluster Bus Service Delhi Salient Features of the Manual
• The Manual is a comprehensive guidance on conceptualization, site selection, development, design and construction of depots.
• The Manual plans the depot based on the workflow i.e. movement of bus, material and personnel.
• The Manual discusses different types of depots based on the activities carried out in them.
• What impacts in depots design are to be catered for depending on types of rolling stock and types of fuel.
• The Manual recommends various Green Building, Security and Safety measures to be incorporated while designing the depot.
• What types of technology changes may come about in the depot’s lifecycle and how to adapt. Processes Involved that are covered in the Manual
What type of a Depot is to be planned for which types of buses .
Importance of Site Selection
Essential and desirable facilities in a depot
Conceptual Preliminary Design
Detailed Design
Planning for Construction and Implementation
The manual takes the user through these steps with illustrative designs of every element. Who all may find the Manual useful
Officers of State Government responsible for urban development
Officers of Government/ Urban Local Bodies for urban transport
Engineers at SRTC/ SPV/ MTU/ TD/ Private operators
Planners/ Architects/ Consultants engaged to plan & design city bus depots
Academic & other institutions that engage in this field
Every user of the Manual may have a different requirement. Snapshots, illustrative designs, clearances and project development process have been independently defined (for simplicity of users) Sequence in which the guidance is presented in the Manual
Local Factors Identification • Chapter 1: Introduction to the Manual (Module A)
• Chapter 2: Planning Process for a Bus Depot Planning • Chapter 3: Site Selection for a Bus Depot (Module B) • Chapter 4: Workflow in a Bus Depot
• Chapter 5: Design Considerations for Bus Movement Areas • Chapter 6: Design Considerations for Staff Movement Areas Design • Chapter 7: Design Considerations for Inventory and (Module C) Material Movement Area • Chapter 8: Safety & Security • Chapter 9: Utilities • Chapter 10: Environment
Implementation • Chapter 11: Implementation Process for Bus Depots (Module D)
Adaptation of Existing Design • Chapter 12: Adaptability of Developed Bus Depot (Module E) Designs General Question faced by Depot Designers
What activities should be performed at the Depot?
What size should the depot be to perform these activities?
Where should the depot be located?
How should the activities be arranged in the depot?
How should the activites be performed (equipment, practices)?
How much will the depot cost?
The Manual answers these questions and suggest different design based on the selection. FACTORS IMPACTING DEPOT DESIGN & CHOICES
Fleet strength over Depot’s lifecycle
Bus types (oil, gas, electric,) & dimensions. (length, floor height)
Parking requirement and personnel’s needs
Maintenance philosophy
Environmental, Safety, & Traffic Impacts Types of Buses Section 1.2.3 on Page No. 24 Impact on Depot Design • Low Floor Bus (400mm) – Stepless • Pit Depth entry/exit • Ramp Gradient • Semi Low Floor Bus (650mm) - Floor Height Entry + one step • Inspection, Maintenance, • Standard Bus (900mm) - Entry + Washing two steps • Turning Radii / Swept path • Standard Bus (12m) • Pit Lengths • Midi Bus (9m) Length • Fuelling, Washing, • Mini Bus (6m) Maintenance, Parking, • Articulated Bus (18m and/or 24m) Circulation, Queuing • Diesel Bus , BS 4, BS 6 Areas – Fuelling, Maintenance, Fuel • CNG/ HCNG Bus Parking • Electric/ Hybrid Bus • Height • Single Decker Bus • Fuelling, Washing, Deck • Double Decker Bus Maintenance • Swept Path • Single Rear Axle bus Rear Axle • Fuelling, Washing, • Multi Rear Axle bus Configuration Maintenance, Parking, • Rear Axle Loads Circulation, Queuing • Air-Conditioned Bus Comfort • Height • Non Air-Conditioned Bus • Washing Major Activities in a Bus Depot Section 3.1 on Page No. 19
Entry/ Exit Fuelling Washing Parking
Maintenance Administrative Block • Routine Maintenance • Allocation of duties to staff/ crew • Maintenance in bench work areas/ • Cash handling/revenue accountal machine shop • ETM handling and charging • Wheel and tyre activities • Staff/ Crew amenities • Alignment testing • Administrative work • Brake testing • Training & Development
Inventory/ storage work Storage and disposal of scrap Types of Depots Section 1.2.1 on Page No. 22
• Night Parking Tier 1: Parking • Physical checking and minor on-site repairs Bus Depots • Washing
• Parking Bus Depots + • Fuelling Tier 2: Unitary • Battery Charging Bus Depots • Minor and Scheduled Maintenance • Capacity Building
• Unitary Bus Depots + • Major Maintenance and Accidental repairs Tier 3: Central or • Tyre Retreading Regional Bus Depots • Inventory and Waste Management • Major planning of civil infrastructure required for parking and unitary bus depots
There can be different combinations of aforementioned activities depending on operational requirement & maintenance philosophy of the operator and size of land parcel available for the depot . Maintenance Philosophy Section 1.2.2 on Page No. 23
Minor repairs Preventive maintenance – KM based/ Time based Major maintenance, mid life-refurbishment, accidental repairs
Maintenance Block
• Bench-work and other activities • Tyre Section • Fuel Injecter Section • Brake Testing • Auto Electrical/ Electronic Section • Brake Overhauling Section • Reconditioning of Major Aggregates • Inventory and Material Handling
Users adopt their Maintenance Philosophy based their requirement and not necessarily what OEMs recommend. Principles for Block Layouts Section 3.2 on Page No. 20
Illustrative design of each of the block have been provided which can be used by the designers
Designers must understand the movement of the various element such as bus, material, personnel - drivers and conductors, maintenance staff, admin staff and visitors to design a better depot Process Flow
In-Shedding of buses Check for presence of major items Documentation of faults in bus by driver Sequence of Fuelling, Fuelling Washing, Logging of Km Parking and Maintenance activities are Washing interchangeable Type of Fuel also impact the Parking sequence Maintenance Routine Checking and Preventive Maintenance: Major Maintenance Minor Repairs KM Based/ Time Based
Allocation of Buses
Bus ready for out-shedding
Out-Shedding of buses Visual inspection by driver
Work and Material Flow should lead to design of a bus depot Bus Driver Movement in a Bus Depot
Proceed to bus in Attendance in Duty allocation parking area Entry into bus Admin block depot Easy Access (1) Pedestrian Access Easy Access to to Allocation to bus Parking Area Vehicle Parking Attendance and Dormitory and (2) Marked System parking location
Visual Inspection Bus movement of bus and Basic Completion of Bus out to Exit Gate Checks day’s operation shedding Open bus Movement area movement area around the bus
Logging of bus Logging of km Parking Bus in shedding complaints Fast entry Easy Access Fast entry
There must be a clear and proper barrier, so that bus driver won’t enter the maintenance area. Conductor Movement in a Bus Depot Attendance in Admin block Duty allocation Entry into bus depot (1) Pedestrian access Easy Access to to admin block and (2) Allocation and Vehicle Parking Easy Access to Dormitory Attendance System
Bus boarding at Exit Gate Collect tickets/ Bus out shedding Pedestrian ETM Access to Exit Min queue Gate
Go to Cash and Completion of Bus in shedding ETM Section day’s operation Min queue
There must be a clear and proper barrier, so that bus conductor won’t enter the maintenance and parking area. Maintenance Staff Movement in a Bus Depot
Attendance in Admin block Duty allocation in Entry into bus depot (1) Pedestrian access maintenance block Vehicle Parking to admin block and (2) Easy Access to Easy Access to Allocation Attendance System
Maintenance in maintenance area Access to tools in Spares and other maintenance block aggregate collection Pedestrian Access to (1) Bus Parking Area Efficient design of Pedestrian Access and (2) various maintenance bay and to stores maintenance sections work stations of workshop Material Movement in a Bus Depot
Moves to Storage Entry into bus depot location Inspection and (1) Stores Entry Entry in MIS Proper Access to gate and (2) stores and Easy Access Unloading area handling equipment
Movement from Movement to maintenance block Used for maintenance block to old/ scrap store maintenance and old/ Easy movement Designated scrap scrap generated from stores to bus yard location
Old/ scrap store taken for Scrap Dispose reclamation off as per policy Visitor Movement in a Bus Depot
Attendance in Admin block Entry into bus depot Pedestrian access to admin Vehicle Parking block
There must be a clear and proper barrier, so that visitors won’t enter other areas of depot except administrative area. Adaptability of Depot in its Foreseeable Lifetime
Changes that will occur during the lifetime of a depot
Bus Dimension/ Bus Operations & Type Technology Maintenance (Change in (BS VI buses, (Increase in no. length, rear axle Electric buses, of buses, use of configuration, Autonomous digital fuel, floor height buses etc.) technology etc.) and deck)
These changes are discussed throughout the Manual and a summary is provided in the Module E: Adaptability of Developed Bus Depot Designs Fleet Strength Section 1.3 on Page No. 25
Number of Buses 50 100 150 200 Land Area (in acres) 3.21 4.98 6.89 8.88 Land Area (in sqm) 12,970 20,137 27,875 35,930 Area per bus (in sqm) 260 202 186 180
The depot design changes with change in fleet strength, type of buses, and should be adaptable to accommodate future changes Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on Overall 100 Diesel Bus Depot Layout Page No. 195 Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on 100 Diesel Bus Depot 3D View Page No. 195 Content of the Training Course
Site Selection
Facilities Planning Adaptability
Safety & Utilities Environment Security Planning
Depot Development Process THANK YOU Training Manual for the Planning, Design and Implementation Evaluation Report of Bus Depots for City Bus Operations
Annexure 7: Training Session – Selecting Appropriate Sites
Page | 60 MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Manual for Planning, Design and Implementation of City Bus Depots
Training Module - Site Selection
August, 2020 Section 1.2.1 on Page No. 22 Types of Depots & Maintenance Philosophy Section 1.2.2 on Page No. 23 • Night Parking Tier 1: • Physical checking and minor on- Parking Bus Maintenance Philosophy site repairs Depots • Washing • Parking Bus Depots + Minor repairs • Fuelling Tier 2: • Battery Charging Unitary Bus Depots • Minor and Scheduled Preventive maintenance – KM Maintenance based/ Time based • Capacity Building • Unitary Bus Depots + Major maintenance, mid life- • Major Maintenance and Accidental refurbishment, accidental Tier 3: repairs repairs Central or • Tyre Retreading Regional • Inventory and Waste Management Bus Depots • Major planning of civil infrastructure required for parking and unitary bus depots
The activities to be carried out in a depot must be formulated before undertaking site selection. Area Requirement ..1 Extracts from Guidance
• VDV guidelines and PPIAF document suggests an area of about 5 acres for depot housing 100 buses.
• NCTPA document suggests an area of 9 acres for 100 buses with area per bus of 364 sqm
• APTA document suggests the space requirement for individual facilities/ components should be assessed for evaluating the space requirement for the depot.
VDV guidelines - Area Requirement formula Area ≅ (1 + number of calculated buses/5) x 10 3 m2 Where For standard bus, factor for number of calculated buses is 1; and For articulated bus, factor for number of calculated buses is 1.5 Area Requirement ..2 Extracts from Guidance
No. of buses Area per bus (in sqm) 50 165-200 100 149 150 149 200 149 250 136
Source: Shakti Foundation guidelines Area Requirement ..3 Extracts from Guidance
Number of Area available Name of Depot Remarks Buses per bus (in sqm) One-third buses are used for night Shanthi Nagar 200 81 operations. Depot-2 On street/ terminal parking
Min maintenance activities are VolvoDepot-18 54 131 undertaken in the depot Musheerabad- 2 132 138 Somebusesareparkedoutside. Depot KanjhawalaDepot 147 165 Busmanoeuvringisdifficult. ColabaDepot 104 195 12busesareparkedatbusterminal. TodiDepot 108 232 Designed with the perspective of future SuratDepot 66 276 demand. DharwadDepot 42 212 Not operational with full capacity; BagranaDepot 107 236 Designed with the perspective of future HubliDepot 80 278 capacity need.
Source: Site Visits Annexure 2 of Chapter 11 Size of Land Parcel on Page No. 188
Area 50 Bus Depot 100 Bus Depot 150 Bus Depot 200 Bus Depot Area Area Area Area No No No No (sqm) (sqm) (sqm) (sqm) Fuelling Area 2 200 2 200 3 300 4 400 Washing Area 1 170 2 275 2 275 3 380 Maintenance Bays/ Pits 8 15 23 30 DPR RegenerationArea 4 300 7 500 11 800 14 1,000 Workshop Area including 1,750 2,650 4,000 6,000 stores Bus Parking 50 2,500 100 5,000 150 7,500 200 10,000 Admin Area 750 900 1,350 1,700 Staff Parking 1,000 1,250 1,500 1,750 Scrap Yard 250 350 450 600 Sub Station 250 350 450 600 Green Area 600 950 1,250 1,500 Circulation & Queuing 5,200 7,712 10,000 12,000 Area Total Area 12,970 20,137 27,875 35,930 Land Area (acres) 3.21 4.98 6.89 8.88 Area per bus (sqm) 260 202 186 180
Based on the selected activities, the required size of land parcel will be calculated. Site Selection Section 3.1 on Page No. 41
Site for the bus depot – to be reserved in Master plan of the city
• Comprehensive City Mobility Plan to be used for identification of suitable site for bus depots
• Identified land should be immediately procured to avoid price escalations.
• Number of Depots – Based on city bus operations plan and CMP
According to VDV Guidelines , Bus Depot Design Guidelines and PPIAF document :
• For smaller cities - A single depot at central location should be preferred and
• For larger cities - several depots located near the starting point of a route should be preferred. Site Evaluation
Single Plan the Site Depot
Site 1 Site 2
Site Evaluation
Site 4 Site 3 Site Evaluation – 2 Step Process
Multiple Sites Evaluation of Multiple Sites … 1 Extracts from Guidance
Criteria Sub-Criteria Weightage Strength Distance from the Minimizedeadmileagecost 50% x3 transit centre Fullmovementaccesstosite 20% Appropriatelanduse 20% Accessforamulti-jurisdictionalfacility 10% Site capacity Acreage 40% x2 Site configuration 25% Sitetopographyandenvironmentalfeatures 25% Expandability 10% Real estate issues Availability 50% x1 GeneralPlanConformance 25% Neighbourhoodsensitivityissues 25% Development Cost Land Cost 40% x1 Sitedevelopmentcost 10% Off-siteimprovements 40% Designcovenantsthataddcost 10% Environmental issues Geotechnical issues 25% x1 Seismic issues 25% Wetlandsandstreamsissues 25% Otherimpacts(hazmat,noise,airetc.) 25%
Source: NCTPA document Evaluation of Multiple Sites Section 3.2.1 on Page No. 42
Step 1 - Preliminary Screening
• (1) Minimum size (2) Minimum width/ frontage (3) Ease of procurement (4) Land-use restrictions (5) Access to Approach roads (6) Mitigation measures for environmental issues/ sensitive neighbours (7) Low Lying Area (8) Site preparation costs
Site should be selected if it meets the project proponent requirement on the above parameters even after incorporating suitable mitigation measures. Evaluation of Multiple Sites … 2 Section 3.2.1 on Page No. 42
(1) Minimum size – say for 100 buses, area of 5 acres is required. If this much area is not available, then project proponent should revisit his requirements or go-ahead with site which meets the criteria .
(2) Minimum width/ frontage – 90m. This is the minimum required frontage for developing a depot. In case, we have Step 1 - Preliminary 2 sites with frontage 50m and 100m than site with 100m Screening frontage should be chosen.
(3) Ease of procurement – say one site is meeting all your requirements but the procurement process is very long or unpredictable or involve several stakeholders or legal issues, the project proponent has to trade off for another site which is easy to procure in a time bound manner.
(4) Land use restrictions – say if the site is a forest land, then getting clearance for depot construction is difficult. So such sites should be avoided. Evaluation of Multiple Sites … 3 Section 3.2.1 on Page No. 42
(5) Access to Approach roads –If the site has no proper approach road or the road width is not appropriate for handling the traffic generated from the depot, then that site should not be selected.
(6) Mitigation measures for environmental issues/ sensitive neighbours – While comparing the sites, environmental issues/ sensitive neighbours and corresponding cost of the mitigation measures should be considered. While Step 1 - Preliminary comparing the sites, the site close to schools and hospitals Screening should be avoided. (7) Low Lying Area –Site available in low lying area should be avoided but at the same time this could be as asset to develop a basement parking, provided budget is available.
(8) Site preparation costs – if the most suitable site has preparation cost higher than the budget of the project proponent, then a trade off should be done.
Site should be chosen for step 2 evaluation only if project proponent is satisfied that in Step 1 evaluation, it meets all the criteria. Evaluation of Multiple Sites … 4 Section 3.2.2 on Page No. 42
Step 2 - Evaluation of Site based on Pre-Determined Parameters
Criteria Sub-Criteria Indicative Weightage Distance from Minimize dead mileage cost 20.0% transit centre Access to Full movement access to site with limited traffic disturbance 10.0% Approach Roads during the peak entry and exit periods Site capacity Site acreage 10.0% Minimum width/ frontage 10.0% Shape of site 2.5% Expandability 2.5% Real estate issues Ease of procurement 5.0% Neighbourhood sensitivity issues 10.0% Environmental Geotechnical and Seismic issues 5.0% issues Forest, wildlife, tree cutting, Wetlands, streams etc. issues 5.0% Development Cost Land Cost 10.0% Site development cost 4.0% Change in land use cost 3.0% Mitigationmeasuresforenvironmentalissues 2.0% Specialdesigncovenantsthatincreaseconstructioncost 1.0% Total 100% Hypothetical Case Study Site Evaluation for 100 Bus Depot
Suppose 2 sites are available for depot development
Site 1 – Rectangular Plot • 3 km from nearest revenue trip • Has appropriate access road with limited traffic disturbance • Area of 4 acres with frontage of 100m • Available with project proponent but is available near noise sensitive area • Site is in low lying area
Site 2 – Irregular shape • 5 km from nearest revenue trip • Has appropriate access road but there will be traffic disturbance created by the new depot construction • Area of 7 acres with frontage of 90m • Not available with project proponent and so is difficult to procure • Minimal environmental issues Hypothetical Case Study Site Evaluation for 100 Bus Depot..2
Criteria Sub-Criteria Site 1 Site 2 Distance from transit Minimize dead mileage cost 20.0 12.0 centre Access to Approach Full movement access to site with limited traffic 10.0 5.0 Roads disturbance during the peak entry and exit periods Site capacity Site acreage 6.0 10.0 Minimumwidth/frontage 10.0 10.0 Shape of site 2.5 0.0 Expandability 0.0 2.5 Real estate issues Easeofprocurement 5.0 2.0 Neighbourhoodsensitivityissues 5.0 10.0 Environmental issues GeotechnicalandSeismicissues 5.0 5.0 Forest,wildlife,treecuttingetc.issues 2.5 5.0 Development Cost Land Cost 10.0 5.0 Sitedevelopmentcost 2.0 4.0 Changeinlandusecost 3.0 2.0 Mitigationmeasuresforenvironmentalissues 1.0 2.0 Specialdesigncovenants 1.0 1.0 Total 73 75.5 Marks are indicative and the project proponent should provide the weightage based upon its requirements. Case Study: Bagrana Bus Depot Location
It is in the outer skirt of Jaipur on Jaipur-Agra Highway having an area of app.6.25 acres. Layout
Depot has the capacity of housing 107 buses with a basement bus parking for approximately 28 buses Site Observations
• Site has no proper rectangular shape but is broader on front side.
Even though this is the case, the site is selected for depot construction and placement of facilities was done keeping in view the shape of site.
• Site is on the outskirts of the city i.e. distant from a revenue trip.
Since, there is a need of depot in the city therefore, a trade off has been done to construct depot on the outskirts.
• Site is in low lying area.
The design of depot has exploited this problem by constructing the basement for parking and electric vehicles charging.`
Even though, site has few issues but these were creatively exploited to design a good infrastructure in the city. Case Study: Raipur Kalan Bus Depot Location
It is in Raipur Kalan, Chandigarh near the Punjab border having an area of app.6.448 acres. Layout
Depot has the capacity of housing 167 buses with a basement bus parking for approximately 82 buses Site Observations
• Site has an irregular shape with tail at one end.
Even though this is the case, the site is selected for depot construction and placement of facilities was done keeping in view the shape of site.
• Site is in noise sensitive area.
Since, site is in noise sensitive area, therefore, noise barriers are planned in the design of the depot.
• A 66 KV grid sub station has been planned adjacent to the site.
Due to this, the sub station was located towards west face bordering the 66 KV grid sub station.
• Site area is not appropriate as more buses are required to be housed.
Since, more buses need to be housed, the basement was designed for parking of buses. Even though, site has few issues but these were creatively exploited to design a good infrastructure in the city. Observations
• Ideal site is difficult
Site should be chosen from the options available
• Site constraints
Innovative design or placement of facilities can convert constraints into assets
• Availability of Site
Generally options are limited, if the site meets basic parameters it should be used for bus depot development
• Distance from city centre
If the distance is not much, it should be selected, as in short to medium term as the city grows, the revenue trip may be close to the depot itself. Plus the relative cost is a bonus. Shape of Land Parcel … 1 Extracts from Guidance
• Square or rectangular plot • a square or rectangular plot of land is preferred as land parcel which are too narrow or irregular in shape may be unusable.- VDV Guidelines and NCTPA document
• Entry/ exit • Common entry/ exit for the buses and • separate access for suppliers and pedestrians to segregate service traffic from suppliers and pedestrian traffic Bus Depot Design Guidelines and VDV Guidelines
• Minimum width • Minimum width of 90 m - NCTPA document Shape of Land Parcel … 2 Section 3.3 on Page No. 45
• Level square or rectangular piece of land is particularly suited.
• Minimum frontage should be ensured for smooth depot operations.
SN Activity Approx. Size 1. Entry/ Exit Gate – 2 30 m 2. Staff/ Private Vehicles Entry Gate – 1 10 m 3. Circulation and segregation of vehicles and 50 m operational requirements 90 m Total ~ 90 m of Minimum Frontage/ width is required Q&A & Your Feedback Please Training Manual for the Planning, Design and Implementation Evaluation Report of Bus Depots for City Bus Operations
Annexure 8: Training Session – Guidance on Depot Planning & Designing Urban Bus Depots
Page | 88 MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Manual for Planning, Design and Implementation of Bus Depots for City Bus Operations
Training Module – Depot Planning
August, 2020 Facilities Planning Facilities Planning … 1 Extracts from Guidance
1 Gate and visual inspection area 2, 3, 6 Administrative offices for the concessioned operators 4 Refueling area 5 Vehicle washing and cleaning area 7, 10 Major repairs 8, 9 Minor repairs and maintenance 11 BRT vehicle parking 12 Private vehicle parking Green Operational vehicles Yellow Vehicles requiring minor or routine maintenance Red Vehicles requiring major repairs
Source: BRT Planning Guide, ITDP Facilities Planning … 2 Extracts from Guidance
1. Bus supply 10. Special workshop 2. Bus wash rooms 3. Cleaning of the 11. Rooms for the underbody of the workshop staff bus (perhaps upper floor) 4. Cleaning inside the 12. Stowage space bus 13. Parking facility 5. Brake test, 14. Administrative emissions building inspection, 15. Parking spaces for tachographs company cars and 6. Work on car bodies guests‘ cars and paint work 16. Car park and bicycle 7. Corrective stands for employees maintenance 17. Entry and exit (multifunctional use) 18. Emergency entry/exit 8. Additional filling pump/delivery with blocked section 9. Special workshop areas Source: VDV Guidelines VDV Guidelines state that the placement of facilities should be based on the workflow i.e. sequence of activities of a bus, personnel and material in a depot. Facilities Planning … 3 Extracts from Guidance
Facility Preferred Location Administrative Near entry/exit gate Block Canteen Access to a service lane/road Washing Accessible from maintenance workshop and parking area Fuelling Integrated with bus circulation Maintenance Located centrally within the complex Tire store Located close to the workshop area Spare parts Adjacent to pits storage Oil Tanks storage At the entrance of workshop area Scrap store Enclosed and pilferage protected Battery storage Separate, specialised and protected room Miscellaneous Adjacent to the main store with separate storage access and an interconnecting door
Source: Shakti Foundation Guidelines Major Activities in a Bus Depot Section 4.1 on Page No. 48
Entry/ Exit Fuelling Washing Parking
Maintenance Administrative Block • Routine Maintenance • Attendance of staff/ crew • Maintenance in bench work areas/ • Cash handling machine shop • ETM handling and charging • Wheel and tyre activities • Staff/ Crew amenities • Alignment testing • Administrative work • Brake testing • Training & Development
Inventory/ storage work Storage and disposal of scrap Block Layout Section 3.2 on Page No. 20
The layout of facilities is designed based on
• Work flow
• (1) Minimal movement and (2) conflict free movement of • Bus • Personnel and • Material.
Manual is prepared for enabling depot designs in rectangular plot housing standard 12 Meter bus with indicative fleet strength of 100 bus. Impact of various changes in the bus dimensions have also been discussed. Entry and Exit Entry and Exit … 1 Extracts from Guidance
Bus Depot Design Guidelines and VDV Guidelines recommend a
• common entry/ exit for the buses and
• separate access for suppliers and pedestrians to segregate service traffic from suppliers and pedestrian traffic. Entry and Exit … 2 Section 5.1 on Page No. 53
Traffic impact analysis needs to be undertaken to assess the impact of bus traffic on the main road and intersections need to be designed accordingly. Annexure 2 of Chapter 2 on Page No. 37
Buses • Segregated entry and exit for buses
Staff Vehicles • A single entry and exit for staff/ private vehicles
Inventory/ Supplies • Staff Vehicles Entry/ Exit Gate to be used (stores/ scrap/ fuel/ canteen stores)
Visitors • Staff Vehicles Entry/ Exit Gate to be used
• A pedestrian entry and exit gate integrated with Staff Pedestrians (staff and visitors) Vehicles Entry/ Exit. Bus Movement Bus Movement Section 5 on Page No. 53 Bus Depot Design Guidelines state that the buses should preferably follow a unidirectional movement in a depot for minimal conflict.
Fuelling Entry Gate Area
Maintenance Washing Parking Area Area
• Movement of the bus within the bus depot should be unidirectional.
• Placement of facilities should facilitate unidirectional movement.
Fuelling, Maintenance, Washing and Parking are interchangeable activities Bus Entry and Exit Section 5.1 on Page No. 53
Equipment • Nitrogen Generator Machine - At exit gate • Tyre pressure gauge - At exit gate Illumination • Outdoor illumination levels - 50-150 lux • Security Cabin - 200-300 lux Safety • Provision of table top type speed breakers • Outdoor Day/ Night CCTV cameras • Provision of Boom barriers and steel roller gates Single vs Separate Entry/ Exit
Pros and Cons: Single Entry/ Exit Pros Cons Unidirectional movement of buses in a depot No additional costs towards manned and may be compromised. Buses may have to electronic security. cover longer distances within depot for exit. Risks to security personnel and conductors Minimal planning is required for the especially during duty changeovers (i.e. buses design of merger with the main road (i.e. coming in the depot and departing at the same only one merger needs to be designed) time)
Pros and Cons: Separate Entry and Separate Exit Pros Cons Aids in Unidirectional movement of buses in a Additional costs towards manned and depot electronic security. Has to have favorable conditions for Minimization of risks to security personnel merger with the main road (i.e. design of and conductors especially during duty intersections on the main road should be changeovers (i.e. buses coming in the depot such as to avoid the disruption of traffic and departing at the same time ) flow on the main road) Fuelling Area Fuelling Area Section 5.2 on Page No. 57
• Diesel bus depots 2 fuelling bays with 4 nozzles for 100 The formula for buses. calculating number of nozzles/ fuelling bays is also provided in the • CNG bus depots 2 CNG dispensers for 100 buses. Manual
• HCNG bus depots HCNG reformer plant is required. • Electric buses Charging stations at the parking (Provision of min 2m space for charging station and cable network)
Equipment As specified by Future OMCs Scalability Illumination 300-500 lux Number of Fuel type Buses to be fuelled Safety NBC 2016 (Group J: Hazardous Buildings) recommendations to Fuelling Area be followed.
Layout are generally governed by Oil Marketing Companies requirements Diesel Fuelling Area - Location Section 5.2 on Page No. 57
• Location of CNG fuelling station is based on the site layout (as it is not the first activity) • It can be along the boundary or strategically close to the parking area
• Charging stations for Electric buses are provided in parking area Diesel Fuelling Station CNG Fuelling Station Electric Bus Charging Washing Area Washing Area Section 5.3 on Page No. 62
• 2 washing bays for 100 buses. • 1 washing bay for additional 50 buses.
Equipment An automatic bus washing system based on OEM specifications. o Washing Bay Components o Water Recycling Plant and Effluent Treatment Plant o Grease Trap Illumination 300-500 lux
OEM generally supply complete solution for bus washing systems Washing Area – Illustrative Layout Section 5.3 on Page No. 63 Washing Area View The Heart of the Depot, Maintenance Area Maintenance Area Section 5.4 on Page No. 66
• Space provisioning based on space requirement of equipment to be housed.
informed estimates based on existing good Non-individual space = practice or comparable examples + an additional factor for primary circulation
Sections in the maintenance area • Tyre Section • Machine Shop • Battery Section • Body Shop • Auto Electrical/ • Fuel Injector Electronic Section Section • General Admin & • Reconditioning of Maintenance Section Major Aggregates • Pits/ Bays & General Maintenance Area
Sections to be housed will depend upon the Maintenance Philosophy of the operator and availability of facilities within the city Pits/ Bays Extracts from Guidance
No. of buses No. of workstations No. of buses No. of pits or bays 50 6 50 4 100 11 100 6 150 14 150 8 200 19 200 10 250 22 250 13
Source: VDV Guidelines Source: Bus Depot Design Guidelines
BRT Planning Guide recommends 7 bus bays per 100 buses
Source: BRT Planning Guide, ITDP
In Hong Kong – No. of maintenance bays - 15% of buses
Source: Primary data based on site visit Maintenance Area - Location Section 5.4 on Page No. 66
Maintenance Sections
For a 100 bus depot • 8 Maintenance pits Pits and • 3 Maintenance bays Bays Area • Wheel section – 1 pit and 2 bays • One movable column lift Inventory Area
For every additional 25 buses, the following may be added • 2 Maintenance pits • 1 Maintenance bays • Wheel section – 1 Maintenance Area – Ground Floor & Basement
Ground Floor Basement Pits/ Bays & General Maintenance Area Section 5.4.5 on Page No. 70
Equipment • Greasing machine • Hydro pneumatic jacks • Puller for gear boxes • Pit sump pumps • Electric chain pulley locks • 1 bay fitted with roller brake tester Illumination 500-750 lux Maintenance Pit with Overhead Platform
Rooftop Access
Internal bus Access – at grade Bus accessible Pit- Under from all sides chassis Access Tyre Section Section 5.4.1 on Page No. 68
Tyre Section is recommended for 3 bays/ pits Safety • One pit having Wheel Aligner and the other with • Avoid using Fluorescent lights which causes roller brake tester damage to the tyres. Two Bays with • Avoid storing tyres near battery chargers, • Wheel Balancer welding equipment and electric generators as • Electro-Hydraulic Tyre Changer they produce gases which are harmful to the • Nitrogen generator and inflation machine tyres • Stand alone reciprocating compressor Illumination • Tyre safety stands, spreaders and racks • 500-750 lux Battery Section Section 5.4.2 on Page No. 69
Equipment • Battery chargers for automotive batteries (not batteries of Electric vehicles) • Battery racks • Distilled water Unit Illumination 200-500 lux Safety • Air changes per hour (ACH) - 15-30. • Installation of Fire extinguishers to counter electric fires i.e. Category E fires. • Letting out of exhaust fumes at least at the height of the roof to avoid any risk of inhalation by the depot staff. • The flooring of battery section should be made alkali and acid proof. Auto Electric/ Electronic Section Section 5.4.3 on Page No. 69
Equipment • Head Light Aligner • Alternator testing machine • Auto electric bench • Electronic equipment test/work bench
Illumination 750-1000 lux Machine Shop Section 5.4.6 on Page No. 72
• Bench Grinder • Lathe machine • Buffing Machine • Pedestal drill machine • Brake disc facing/ Brake drum turning lathe • Hand grinder machine • Hydraulic press • Engine lifting/ mounting crane • Brake shoe riveting machine • Gearbox removal and fitment equipment Illumination – 750-1000 lux Body Shop Section 5.4.7 on Page No. 72
• Arc & oxy-acetylene cutting/welding sets • Hydraulic press • Handheld drilling machine Illumination –500-750 lux • Buffing machine • Spray painting machine • Paint booth Fuel Injector Section Section 5.4.8 on Page No. 72
Equipment • Diesel smoke meter (for diesel buses) • Fuel injector pump test bench • Ultrasonic injector cleaner and tester
Illumination 750-1000 lux DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) Section 5.4.9 on Page No. 72 Regeneration for BS-VI Buses SN Criteria Value 1 TimetakenforRegenerationperbus 20-45minutes 2 Heatgeneratedattheexhaust 600 o C 3 FrequencyofRegeneration 24–48Hours 4 Minimumclearanceareafrombusbody 3m
Safety • The exhaust in the area will be at 450 o-600 oC, so personnel involved should be equipped with heat protective gear. Illumination • 500-750 lux
A Regeneration area for 7 buses is provided. Inventory Area Inventory Area Section 7 on Page No. 125
• Space provisioning based on
o Number of buses in the depot o Number of days for which the inventory level is to be maintained as per the operational philosophy of the operator and availability of the spares in the local market o Lead time for the inventory • Entry and exit from Staff Entry Gate.
• Storage gates - minimum width of 3 m
• Aisles – atleast 2 m for smooth movement of forklifts
Illumination 150-200 lux Provision of lockable rolling steel Safety shutters at the gates Inventory Area – Ground Floor
Loading/ Unloading Bay Inventory Area – Basement Bus Parking Area Bus Parking Extracts from Guidance
Source: Transit Garage Planning Guidelines At-grade – Angular parking at 60 degrees is Parking area should have level, paved, advisable (as compared to 90 degrees) as it sealed, ventilated and a well-drained surface allows for the ideal mix of easy pull-in and with proper illumination. pull-out (of buses) and optimised space
Source: VDV guidelines usage.
Source: Shakti Foundation Guidelines Bus Parking … 1 Section 5.6 on Page No. 75
• Parking slots to be designed to ensure • Minimum maneuvering for bus parking • Easy retrieval • Ease of circulation.
• Safety • Marking and signage for identification of bus in a depot. • Safety for pedestrians in the parking area with pedestrian access to each bus.
• Angular parking 60 o is the preferred parking
• Thermosetting resins should be used for marking bus movement corridor.
In case covered parking is planned, then installation of rooftop solar plant should be considered. Bus Parking … 2 Section 5.6 on Page No. 75
• Parking consumes maximum area in the bus depot
• In case bus depot capacity is to be increased, then options should be explored for satellite parking
• Parking at terminals
• Other parking location close to starting point of revenue trip
• Parking depots
• In case satellite parking is available, number of maintenance bays can be increased to cater to the maintenance of higher number of buses. Annexure 7 of Chapter 5 on Bus Parking Configurations Page No. 101
Type of Parking Ease of to and fro movement Area per bus SN Configurations (on a scale of 1-5) (in sqm)
1 Angular – 30 o 5 110-120
2 Angular – 45 o 4 90-100
3 Angular – 60 o 4 85-95
4 Row Parking 3 80-90
5 In line Parking 2 80-110
On the scale of 1-5, 5 having the highest ease of to and fro movement. Multilevel Depot Multilevel Depot Extracts from Guidance
Li Chi Kok Multi-level Bus Depot-Kowloon Motor Bus Company, Hong Kong
Ground floor • Fare collection data download through WI-FI from on- board validators Minimum ramp gradient 1:10 • Fuelling (Diesel) Clear head room 6 metres • Washing Maintenance Pits + Bays 15% of no. • Servicing pits-65 numbers (7.5% of fleet to be of buses maintained) Clearance between 1 metre First Floor buses in parking • Major repairs bays for accidental repairs (7.5% of fleet Drive-ways (involve 12 metres to be maintained) reversing of vehicle) • Paint Shop • Tyres repair and re-treading shop • Advertisement Bus wrapping with advertisement • Parking Roof
• Exclusive for parking of buses
Source: Primary data based on site visit Multi Level Depot Section 5.7 on Page No. 77
Design Philosophy Tenets
Eliminating potential barriers in planning which might discourage conversion to multilevel depot, in future
Seamless integration of Development of the facility on different Minimising Safety and associated floors and turnaround security infrastructure for corresponding bus time per bus aspects circulation ease of entry/exit Dead Mileage Cost Estimation
Assumptions for Cost Estimation • Cost per km – Rs.80 • Bus Operational Days – 300 • Escalation in cost – 2% per annum • Period – 20 years Costs Included Costs Excluded i) Fuel cost, i) Land cost, ii) Consumables cost, ii) Cost related to availability of iii) Manpower cost, manpower or willingness to iv) Repair & Maintenance travel to depot, cost, iii) Cost related to availability or v) Overhead charges, relocation of utilities, vi) Management cost and iv) Cost related to environmental vii) Fare collection cost. mitigation, noise abatement etc. Amount (Rs. in lakhs) Site 1 Cost Per Bus Year 1 5 10 15 20 Cost 1.44 1.56 1.72 1.90 2.10 NPV @ 12% 12.18 Site 2 Cost Per Bus Year 1 5 10 15 20 Cost 2.40 2.60 2.87 0.63 0.70 NPV @ 12% 15.72 Decision for Multi Level Depot Section 5.7 on Page No. 77
SN Parameter Value 1 Cost of procurement of additional land A 2 Deadmileageforallthebusesforthehorizonperiod B
3 Costofconstructionofmultileveldepotatthesamesite C
Whenever, C is less than (A + B), the multilevel depot should be constructed
Decision for constructing Multi Level Depot • Cost of procurement of additional land (A) has already known to the project proponent.
• Dead mileage cost (B) is estimated in the previous slide.
• Cost of construction of multilevel depot (C) can also be calculated using the CPWD Plinth Area Rates.
Therefore, if C < (A+B), then we go for constructing multilevel depot. Staff Movement Safety of Driver and Conductor Section 6.1 on Page No. 105 Admin Area
Staff Entry Car & 2 wheeler Duty To bus parking Bus Driver Gate Parking Allocation
Staff Entry Car & 2 wheeler Duty Allocation Conductor Gate Parking ETM Machine To Exit Gate
Bus Driver Movement Bus Conductor Movement Section 6.2 on Page No. 109 Maintenance and Admin Staff Movement Section 6.3 on Page No. 114
Maintenance Staff Staff Entry Car & 2 wheeler Maintenance Gate Parking Area
Staff Entry Car & 2 wheeler Administrative Staff Admin Area Gate Parking
Maintenance Staff Movement Admin Staff Movement Staff Entry/ Exit Gate Section 6.1.1 on Page No. 107 • This gate to be used by • Depot staff and • Other vehicles like inventory trucks, utility vehicles, visitor vehicles, emergency vehicles and scrap disposal vehicles. • Width of staff entry/ exit gate is 8 m including 1.5 m wide pedestrian gate. Illumination • Outdoor illumination levels - 50-150 lux • Security Cabin - 200-300 lux Safety • Outdoor Day/ Night CCTV cameras with IP 65 protection • Provision of Boom barriers and steel roller gates
Pedestrian walkway
Pedestrian Vehicle Entry Entry Car & Two Wheeler Parking Section 6.1.2 on Page No. 108
• Parking to be designed keeping in mind o Least conflict with the bus flow; o Minimal walking distance from parking to admin block; and o Parking requirement for differently abled people o As per the requirement of local bye-laws. Administrative Block Administrative Block Section 5.3.1 on Page No. 47
Depot Reporting Office Accounts and Duty Allocation Manager’s office for Staff HR section room for drivers
Duty Allocation room for Ticketing & Ticket checker’s Cash section conductors with Waybill section office ETM charging
Server/ MIS Conference/ Control Room Lost and found Room Meeting room
Staff Amenities- Training and (Toilets, Dormitories, Development Canteen, Lockers, section Recreation) Administrative Block Overall Layout – Ground Floor Administrative Block Overall Layout – First Floor Overall Bus Depot Layout Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on Overall 100 Diesel Bus Depot Layout Page No. 195 Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on Overall 100 Diesel Bus Depot Layout Page No. 195 Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on Overall 100 CNG Bus Depot Layout Page No. 200 Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on Overall 100 CNG Bus Depot Page No. 200 Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on Overall 100 Electric Bus Depot Layout Page No. 205 Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on Overall 100 Electric Bus Depot Page No. 205 Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on 50 Bus Parking Depot Layout Page No. 210 Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on 50 Bus Parking Depot Page No. 210 Overall 100 Diesel Bus Depot Layout – Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on Parking at Back Page No. 215 Overall 100 Diesel Bus Depot – Annexure 1 of Chapter 12 on Parking at Back Page No. 215 Q&A & Your Feedback Please Training Manual for the Planning, Design and Implementation Evaluation Report of Bus Depots for City Bus Operations
Annexure 9: Training Session – Utilities Planning, Health, Safety & Environment
Page | 162 MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Manual for Planning, Design and Implementation of Bus Depots for City Bus Operations
Training Module – Utility Planning and HSE
August 2020 Safety & Security Extracts from Guidance • Bus Depot Design Guidelines’ essentials o Security check post near entry and exit gates o Bus maintenance area to be secured and visible from admin block o Restricted entry to maintenance areas o Separate and controlled access for crew and staff members o Boundary wall o CCTV cameras and high mast lights • VDV Guidelines recommend o Site Fencing o Adequate Lighting o Signages o Segregated access for pedestrians and suppliers o Fire protection and prevention • NCTPA document recommends o Design of Maintenance areas to provide suitable sound isolation o Adequate site lighting o Appropriate site signage o Adequate pedestrian circulation areas Safety & Security
Mitigating Health Hazards
Access Control
Mitigating Fire Hazards
Safety Site Lighting Measures Security Signage Measures
Security and Electronic Electrical Safety Surveillance
Unfamiliar Vehicular Conflicts items left on board Safety Measures Section 8.1.1 on Page No. 129 Mitigating Health and Fire Hazards Section 8.1.2 on Page No. 129
Mitigating Health Hazards Mitigating Fire Hazards Annexure 1 of Chapter 8 on Page No. 140 – Anti-skid surfaces – Prevention – Careful grading between levels – Follow the rules – Guards and safety rails at appropriate – Proper storage and upkeep places – Fire Detection – Careful management of waste, black & – Use of fire detectors grey water – Firefighting – Adequate air changes – Use of wet vs dry sprinkler system – Avoidance to prolonged noise and – Fire Escape vibration exposure (Refer CPCB – Provision of alternate fire escapes Guidelines) located on different ends of the building
• Guidelines to be followed for planning and design of firefighting system o National Building Code 2016: Part-IV for fire protection and local Bye-Laws. o Relevant ISI Codes: Specifically IS: 5290 and IS: 5312, IS: 908 and IS: 2190. o NFPA (For reference and guideline) o Recommendations of local Chief Fire Officer Safe Pedestrian Access Section 8.3.1 on Page No. 132
Pedestrian Access
• Design of pedestrian footpath to reduce vehicular pedestrian conflict • Clearly marked and encumbrance free pedestrian movement Signage Section 8.4 on Page No. 138
Information dissemination • Signage Surface o Lit with supplemental external luminaires; or o Trans-illuminated by locating light sources within signage Primary functions
• Signage Design o Alphabet size and Viewing Distance – Alphabet height of 150mm for a viewing distance of 50m
• Signage Border o Have a border of the same colour as the legend, at or just inside the edge o Corners shall be rounded Institute of Urban Transport (IUT)-Code of Practices (Part 4) should be adhered to for proper placement and design of signage. Security Measures Access Control Section 8.3.1 on Page No. 133
Vehicular Access
• Equipping vehicular access points with night/ day and all weather CCTV surveillance equipment • Use of automatic vehicle scanner and under car scanning
Parking Access
• Segregated private vehicle parking which should not have any direct access to bus parking or fuelling station
Other Built Structures
• Design of built structures sharing wall with bus depot operations area so as not to have direct access into the bus depot operations area Site Lighting Section 8.3.2 on Page No. 134
Minimum illumination levels and quality standards for both indoor and outdoor application which should be followed
Provision of external emergency lighting with alternate power source
Controlling site lighting using electric photocell Illumination Levels Section 8.3.2 on Page No. 136
Illumination Level Requirements in a Depot Areas Recommended Minimum Entry/Exits 150 50 Illumination Level Requirements in a Depot Security Cabin 300 200 Areas Recommended Minimum Parking 75 75 Administrative Facility Fuelling 500 300 Office Area 1000 500 Washing 500 300 Corridors, 150 100 Bus Maintenance Facility Passageways, Machine Shop 1000 750 Stairs Technical Admin & 750 500 Toilets & 200 100 Maintenance Section Washrooms Auto Electric Section 1000 750 Lockers 150 100 Fuel Injector Section 1000 750 Dormitory 150 100 Paint Booth 1000 500 Kitchen 750 500 Body Shop 750 500 Canteen 300 200 Pit & General Maintenance 750 500 Section Suspension Section 750 500 Tyre and Wheel Section 750 500 Battery Room 500 200 Inventory Storage Area and 200 150 Loading Bays Recon and Major Aggregate 750 500 Section Security and Electronic Surveillance Section 8.3.3 on Page No. 137
Indoor Power and Cameras Outdoor lighting • Creating a physical Cameras separation of a minimum of 1.5 m height. Site Boundary • Erection of Concertina Panoramic Surveillance Camera with cable loops for Monitors CCTV system auto protection against tracking trespassing and intrusion • Illumination – 30 lux Compatible Network Software Video Server Recorder
Alarm and Public Electronic Address System Surveillance
• Provision of • Burglar and Fire Alarm system • Public Address (PA) System Utilities Planning
Calculation Methodologies and various codes and standards to be used are provided in Manual Utilities
Water Supply: including Treatment and Conservation
Electric Power including Solar Energy
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Utilities
Water Treatment Facilities
Compressed Air Supplies Water Supply System Planning Section 9.1 on Page No. 151
Water source and its reliability;
Adequate storage of raw and treated domestic water; Calculations methodology provided
Reuse of the treated water to reduce or eliminate waste water discharge
Water treatment system should be as per SP:35 (S&T) 1987. Considerations
Collection and usage of run-off rainwater Water Supply System Planning Water Recycling of waste water and reusing for washing of buses, flushing and landscaping. Water Requirement Assessment Section 9.1.1 on Page No. 151
Description Occupancy Water Water Consumption Consumption per (in litres) unit (LPCD) Number of drivers and A 15 A1 = A X 15 Conductors Number of workshop B 45 B1 = B X 45 staff at the bus depot Number of office staff at C 45 C1 = C X 45 the bus depot Dormitories D = Number of beds X 135 D1 = D X 135 Occupancy factor BusWashing E = Number of buses to Per Bus Water E1 = E X Per Bus be washed Requirement Water Requirement HorticultureActivities F = Horticulture area in 1 F1 = F X 1 square meter Workshop G=Numberofbuses 5 G1 = G X 5 Total Water Requirement A1+B1+C1+D1+E1+ F1+G1 Treatment Facilities Assessment Section 9.1.2 on Page No. 152
Flushingrequirement 24%X(TotalWaterRequirement-Bus washing - Horticulture requirement- workshop requirement) STP capacity 90% X Total Water Requirement FlushingWaterTankcapacity FlushingRequirementX2 Freshwaterrequirement Total Water Requirement - Flushing Requirement - Bus washing - Horticulture requirement- workshop requirement WaterTreatmentPlantCapacity Freshwaterrequirement RawWaterTankcapacity FreshwaterrequirementX2X1.1 TreatedWaterTankcapacity FreshwaterrequirementX2 FireTankCapacity AsperNBC2016 Overhead Water Tank capacity – treated water for Flushing requirement X 60% flushing Overhead Water Tank capacity – All other activities Fresh water requirement X 60% except flushing ETP capacity 90% X (Total Water Requirement – F1 – Flushing Requirement) TreatedWaterTankcapacityforETP (Bus washing + Horticulture requirement + workshop requirement) X 2 Rainwater Harvesting Section 9.1.4 on Page No. 154 Bus Depot Design Guidelines recommends rain water harvesting to reduce the strain on the municipal water supply and ground water.
• Rain water drainage system should be provided to transfer rain water from terrace, paved area and horticulture areas to rainwater collection pits through catch basins.
• Capacity of rainwater collection pits should be minimum of 50% of average annual rainfall or the fresh water requirement of the bus depot, whichever is lower Type of Structure/ Catchment Area (in Run off SN Discharge (m3/hr) Surface Hectare) Coefficient
Terrace / 1 A 0.9 A1 =A X 0.9 X I Hard Paved Area
2 PavedSurface(Road) B 0.8 B1 =B X 0.8 X I
3 HorticultureArea C 0.2 C1 =C X 0.2 X I
Rainwater collected A1 + B1 + C1 Note: I is intensity of rainfall in the region in mm per hour Rainwater collected is more than the collection pits, it should have a provision for overflow Electrical System Design Section 9.2 on Page No. 154 A bus depot has 24/7 operations. Infrastructures of such key significance, demand a robust and reliable power supply to support their operations. Electric system planning should be based on
Reliability of the power supply: preferably, power from two different discoms or else DG could be used.
Transformer with appropriate adjustments towards Power factor and loading should be installed.
Space for Substation to have provision for electric buses Considerations Electrical System Design System Electrical
Generation and usage of solar energy to enhance sustainability Power Load Demand and Solar Power Section 9.2 on Page No. 155 Bus Depot Design Guidelines recommends the use of solar energy on the built up areas of the depot. Power requirement in a bus depot is typically towards lighting (Internal and Outdoor), HVAC and operations of plant and equipment.
Area (in SQM) X Basis of Lighting Load (in W/SQM) Lighting Load of an Area X Demand Factor
Area (in SQM) X Basis of Power Load (in W/SQM) X Power Load of an Area Demand Factor
Assessment Lighting and Power Load of an area Lighting Load + Power Load
The Demand Factor calculation for the individual connected loads should be as per ECBC Power LoadPower Demand 2017.
• Orientation of roof in relation to the movement of the sun. • Shape of the roof. • Generation Capacity of the solar panels. • 14 sqm space required for 1KW SPP. HVAC Section 9.3 on Page No. 156
Recommended indoor temperature, Air quality relative humidity, air velocity, mean and radiant temperature movement
Dry-bulb Outside design conditions Fire safety temperature , Construction material and orientation HVAC of exposures of building components; Objective
Fenestration area, thermal properties Energy Relative and shading factors efficiency humidity, HVAC Design Considerations Design HVAC Noise and Internal load of equipment, vibration, computer/server and lighting Ventilation Section 9.3.2 on Page No. 159
Toilets • 6-10 Air Change Per Hour
• Minimum of 45-50 air change per hour • Both filtered fresh air supply and exhaust air system to be provided Kitchens • Filtered fresh air should be 85% of exhaust air. • Exhaust air shall be passed through scrubbers before releasing to the atmosphere. • Grease removal system to be provided
• Minimum 12 air changes per hour with the help of mechanical ventilation. Basements • In large basements, each compartment to be independently ventilated at this rate
Workshop Area • 8-10 Air Change Per Hour
High Fume Area (Welding Room, • 15-30 Air Changes Per Hour Battery Room etc.) Compressed Air Section 9.4 on Page No. 160
Spray Painting
Compressed Air Requirement
Pneumatic Tyre Inflation Tools
For a bus depot for 100 buses, a reciprocating compressor of 15 HP and a screw type rotary compressor of 20 HP with centralized piping would suffice the compressed air requirement. Environment Environmental Considerations
Noise Abatement Measures
Air pollution control Indoor air quality, Dust, Fumes and Exhaust
Wastewater and Effluent Management
Waste Oil Disposal
Environmental Environmental Considerations Solid Waste Disposal Noise Abatement Measures Section 10.1 on Page No. 163
Machinery Sound Enclosures Maximum Noise Noise Absorbent Curtailment Materials Acoustical Wall panels
Noise Barriers
Noise Noise Ceiling Baffles Abatement Deflectors Noise Control Curtains
Portable Noise Partitions
Noise in the CPCB Abatement range of Guidelines 70-75 db for Noise Reverberation Control
Construction Barriers Category of Day time Leq Night time Leq Area/ Zone dB(A) dB(A) Equipment Screens IndustrialArea 75 70 for Noise Equipment Practices/ Industrial Commercial 65 55 Area Blower Enclosures Residential Area 55 45 SilenceZone 50 40 Wastewater and Effluent Management Section 10.3 on Page No. 168 VDV guidelines and Environmental Guidelines on Bus Depot of less than 50 buses recommends reuse of waste water.
Create a roofed concrete wash area that draining to the sewer via a silt trap and triple interceptor/oil water separator
Trigger Action Nozzles
Use a high pressure low volume wash machine
Recycle wastewater by removing contaminants from water of of Waterbodies
Collect and use rainwater for vehicle washing
No soapy water to enter storm water drains Minimise Water Usage/ Prohibit Prohibit Pollution Usage/ Water Minimise Effluent Treatment System Section 10.3 on Page No. 168
The Effluent treatment system must be capable of producing high quality water with highest possible bacterial reduction without adding chemicals.
Provision of manual cleanable screen to collect effluent from main line through gravity pipes into a screen chamber.
The waste water pass through oil and grease trap.
Screened and degreased water then pass into equalization tank to homogenize the waste water quality.
The raw effluent is fed to Aeration Tank. The treated effluent from this tank passes thru pressure filters, activated carbon filters to make it clean and odourless. ETP System Description ETP Usage of this water for flushing/horticulture. Waste Oil Disposal Section 10.4 on Page No. 168 VDV guidelines and Environmental Guidelines on Bus Depot of less than 50 buses recommends to take proper mitigation measures for used oil, hydrocarbon and oil spills from buses.
All used oils including engine oil, machine oil, hydraulic oil, coolant oils and quenching oils, are classified as Prescribed Industrial Waste and are required to be managed in an environmentally responsible way
Collect all waste oils in secure, clearly labelled drums or tanks that are stored in an undercover and bounded area. Waste oil Appoint registered recyclers to offtake waste oil for recycling. Keep records detailing the amount of waste oil disposed. Separate the oil filters according to type and size. Oil Filters Arrange pick-up for recycling.
Solvents are usually volatile and pose a fire hazard Solvents No solvent must enter the storm water or sewerage system. Appoint registered recyclers to remove and dispose of used solvents Presence of heavy metals, must not be allowed in the waterbodies Coolants Must be disposed off to registered recyclers. Solid Waste Disposal Section 10.5 on Page No. 169
VDV guidelines and Environmental Guidelines on Bus Depot of less than 50 buses recommends adherence to local laws related to proper disposal of hazardous waste.
Municipal Municipal Waste Corporation
Paper, Recycle Non Cardboards Hazardous General Wastes Plastics Recycle
Scrap Metal Metals Waste Dealer Segregation
Scrap Metal Oil Filters Cleaning Dealer
Battery Hazardous Batteries OEMs/License Depot Waste d Dismantlers
Scrap Dealers, Used Tyres OEMs Q&A & Your Feedback Please Training Manual for the Planning, Design and Implementation Evaluation Report of Bus Depots for City Bus Operations
Annexure 10: Training Session – Depot Development Process
Page | 194 MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Manual for Planning, Design and Implementation of Bus Depots for City Bus Operations
Training Module – Depot Development Process
August 2020 Need of Project Development Process
Delivery of the specified Requirement
Stakeholders management Cost Control
Project Management
Economical Timely utilisation of completion resources Depot Development Process
1. Internal Deliberations 1. Initiation 4. Execution 3. Sanction Stage and Approvals Discussions
Depot Development 2. Project Process Feasibility/ 4. Construction Pre-Sanction and Stage 2. Planning 3. Design Completion Approvals Stage Approvals
Stakeholders Engagement Broad list of Activities Involved
Land Selection of site Procurement Procurement of site Demarcation of site Transfer of land in the name of project proponent in land records Design Documenting owner requirements and maintenance philosophy development Appointment of design consultant Coordination with design consultant Internal approval of the design Finalisation of procurement strategy Resource Internal approval of resources for the project allocation Approaching third parties such as banks/ multilateral institutions for funding assistance Procurement Finalisation of Bidding structure and bid documents Process Bid process Management Selection of contractor Negotiations and execution of agreement with contractor Approval Application to various agencies for approval and clearances required Coordination with various approvals granting agencies Construction Phasing of the project based on budget or management priority activities Engagement of independent engineer or internal officials for project supervision Assistance in release of funds to contractor based on agreed milestones. Collection of as-built drawings and Oversee commissioning of plant and machinery Issuance of completion certificate Generally, the activities mentioned in bold have long lead time. Depot Development Schedule … 1 Section 11.4 on Page No. 182 Depot Development Schedule … 2 Section 11.4 on Page No. 182 Depot Development Process
Need Initiation Assessment
Setting up Project Demand Forecast Site Selection Management Unit Planning
Secondary Data Conceptual Planning Analysis
Design Bus Depot Bid Process Design Management
Construction & Execution Implementation
Stakeholders Engagement is necessary in every step of Depot Development Process. Stakeholders Section 2.1 on Page No. 29
• Optimal land utilisation Project • Financially feasible Proponent • Efficient Operations • Minimal objections from stakeholders and statutory agencies
• Minimal dead mileage • Convenient access City Bus • Availability of maintenance facilities Operators • Fuelling and washing facility • Availability of spares
• Convenient access to supplies Fuel Suppliers • Storage of fuel • Provisions for prevention of fire hazards
Equipment and • Convenient access to depot Spares • Provision of unloading platform Suppliers • Easy movement of vehicles
Sensitive • Minimal noise and air pollution Neighbours • Minimal disturbance to private traffic Initiation Section 2.2 on Page No. 30
Initiation Facilities Planning
• Need of Depot • Number and types of buses • Stakeholders identification and their • Horizon period involvement during various stages • Estimation of Infrastructure capacity • Criteria for Site Selection • In-house vs Outsourced activities • Bus Operator
Implementation Structure
• Funding Source • Contracting terms Planning – Demand Forecast Section 2.2.2 on Page No. 31
Demand Forecast
Setting up PMU
Site Selection
Secondary Data Analysis 1. Determine Number and Types of Buses Conceptual Planning (Iterative Process) 2. Horizon Period 3. Estimation of Infrastructure capacity 4. Assessment of environmental impacts Planning – Setting up PMU Section 2.3 on Page No. 33
Demand Forecast
Setting up PMU
Site Selection
Secondary Data Analysis Conceptual Planning 1. Finalization of facilities to be developed (Iterative Process) 2. Assistance throughout the project development process Role of PMU during various Stages Section 2.3 on Page No. 33 • Site Selection • Coordination & Procurement Land Procurement • Demarcation • Transfer of land in the name of project proponent in land records
• Documenting owner requirements and maintenance philosophy Design • Coordination with design consultant Development • Internal approval of the design • Stakeholder engagement
Resource • Internal approval of resources for the project Allocation • Funding assistance
Bid Process • Finalisation of Bidding structure and bid documents • Selection of contractor Management • Negotiations and execution of agreement with contractor
Approvals & • Application & Coordination Clearances
• Phasing of the project based on budget or management priority • Engagement of independent engineer or internal officials for project supervision Construction • Assistance in release of funds to contractor based on agreed milestones. activities • Collection of as-built drawings • Oversee commissioning of plant and machinery • Issuance of completion certificate Planning – Site Selection Section 2.4 on Page No. 34
Demand Forecast
Setting up PMU
Site Selection
Secondary Data Analysis Conceptual Planning 1. A major constraint in Indian urban city bus (Iterative Process) operations 2. Should be procured by undertaking technical analysis Site Selection
Single Plan the Depot Site
2 step Site Evaluation Multiple process as discussed in Sites Site Selection session Planning – Secondary Data Analysis Section 2.5 on Page No. 34
Demand Forecast
Setting up PMU
Site Selection
Secondary Data Analysis Conceptual Planning (Iterative Process) 1. Requirements of statutory compliances 2. Review of Development control norms Planning – Conceptual Planning Section 2.6 on Page No. 34
Demand Forecast
Setting up PMU
Site Selection
Secondary Data Analysis Conceptual Planning (Iterative Process) 1. Requirements of statutory compliances 2. Review of Development control norms Planning Section 2 on Page No. 29
Demand Forecast
Setting up PMU Determine Number and Types of Site Selection Buses Finalization of Horizon Period facilities to be Secondary Data Analysis Estimation of developed A major constraint Infrastructure Assistance in Indian urban city Conceptual Planning capacity throughout the bus operations Requirements of (Iterative Process) Assessment of project Should be statutory environmental development procured by compliances process Analysis of Project impacts undertaking Review of opportunities and technical analysis Development constraints, access to control norms site, policy scenario, market dynamism and legal framework Evaluation based on Land Use Planning, Implementation Feasibility etc. Preparation of Concept Plan Planning Schedule Section 11.4 on Page No. 182 Bus Depot Design Section 11 on Page No. 173
Bus Depot Design 1. Detailing out the internal functional layout of the following facilities • Fuelling, • Washing, • Bus Parking, • Maintenance Area (Maintenance Sections and Maintenance Pits/ Bays), • Inventory etc. 2. Preparation of Estimates of Financial and Other Resources Bid Process Management Section 11.1 on Page No. 173
Bid Process Management 1. Finalization of bidding method from various options like • Unit Rate Contract • Design, Build or EPC Contract • PPP 2. Development of Bidding documents 3. Evaluation of Bids 4. Selection of contractor 5. Negotiations and execution of agreement Typical BOT Concession – Deal Structure
Financial EquityProviders
Authority Grant/Soft Funding Investors
Concession Agreement Revenue Streams Operator
Bus Maintenance Shareholders Shareholders Agreement Project SPV Financial Providers
Loan Agreement Lenders Co-operation Agreement Construction Contract/s E & M Contract
Implementing Operator agencies
Civil Civil
E&M E&M
Equipment supplier Equipment AMC Execution Section 11.2 on Page No. 174
Construction & Implementation 1. Approvals & Clearances 2. Construction Planning 3. Deployment of Project Management Team 4. Construction Supervision 5. Quality Control & Assurance Use of PEB structures should be explored PEB Structures Section 11.2 on Page No. 176
• Pre Engineered Buildings (PEB) are engineered at a factory and assembled at site. • Usually PEBs are steel structures. • Built-up sections are fabricated at the factory to exact size, transported to site and assembled at site with bolted connections.
Quality Control Advantages As all the structural member are engineered beforehand, standards of different codes also taken into consideration & these components are made in factory under the supervision of Quality Control Engineer.
Lower Cost
Due to the saving in design, manufacturing and on site erection cost.
Minimizing time of construction
Due to the use of software for designing the structural components.
Low Maintenance
Due to use of standard quality of paints over steel members, which increases the ability to withstand & durability this lowering the maintenance cost significantly as compared to conventional steel building.
Warranty on PEB
Mostly warranty period of 20 years is given by manufactures for PEB. Annexure 1 of Chapter 2 on The Team Page No. 36 Stages Core Personnel Support Personnel • Urban Designer • Business Analyst/ Business • Architect Process Re-engineering Specialist • Bus Expert • Procurement Expert • Utilities Expert/ Mechanical • Legal Expert Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) • Infrastructure Expert Project Planning & Expert • Transport Planner Design Stage • Civil/Structural Engineer • Renewable Energy Expert • Infrastructure Finance Expert • Environment Expert • Health & Safety Expert • Social Expert • Transaction Advisor • Mechanical Engineer • IT & Network Specialist • Construction Manager/ Project • Mechanical Engineer Manager • MEP Expert • Project Performance and • Urban Planner Project Implementation Management Specialist (PPMS) • Information and Communication Stage • Accountant Technology (ICT) Expert • Landscape Expert • Legal Expert • Social Expert
Team members requirement • Short term • Intermittent • Permanent Approvals & Clearances Project Feasibility / Pre-sanction Stage Section 11.3 on Page No. 178
Land use plan-The land use plan for land area is to be notified and approved. Approval for change in land use – Required when land use shown in master plan is different from bus depot use Relaxation in respect of density/ ground coverage/ FAR/ setbacks (if required) Approval from L&DO - required from L&DO, when the land is lease-hold. NOC from Coastal Zone Management- when the land is near the coast as construction is not allowed up to 500 meters from the high tide line. Sanction Stage…1 Section 11.3 on Page No. 178
Local Body Approvals - required from the local authority and Local body under the provisions of Local Building Byelaws, Master plan and Local Body Acts. NOC from National Monument Authority - required from the National Monument Authority (NMA) / Archeological Survey of India (ASI), when the entire project site or part/s of it is within 300-meter radius from the declared boundary of any monument protected under Ancient Monument Act and is under the control of ASI. Approval from Tree Authority Committee - required from the Tree Authority Committee of Municipal Corporation when there is a proposal for tree cutting. NOC from Airport Authority Approval from Chief Controller of Explosives - required from the Chief Controller of Explosives (municipal) for storing of hazardous materials in the building Approval from The Chief Inspector Of Factories Environment Clearance from Ministry Of Environment And Forests (MEF): for all building / construction projects having built up area more than 20000 square meters/ and area development projects/ townships covering an area more than 50 hectare or built up area more than 1, 50,000 square meters. Approval from State Pollution Control Board - Approval for Consent to Establish (CoE) Sanction Stage … 2 Section 11.3 on Page No. 178
Approval from Chief Fire Officer - Approval /Fire Safety Certificate is required from Chief Fire Officer (CFO) (municipal) for the proposals at layout plan stage. Approval from Road Owning Agency- required from the Road Owning Agency (PWD, NHAI,) when cutting of footpath or road or service lane or Right of way (ROW). Approval from Metro Rail Corporation - required from the Metro Rail Corporation when the project site is along or on the metro alignment or lies within 20 meters on either side of the metro alignment. Approval from Railway Authority/ Port Trust/ Defence - required when the project site is along the railway corridor / within the jurisdiction of Port Trust respectively. Approval from Traffic & Coordination Dept. (Municipal) - required when the proposal involves disruption of general traffic movement/ circulation pattern. Approval is required from the power distributing / supply agency Approval / NOC /Assurance is required from the water supply agency Approval/ NOC is required from the storm water & drain department/ sewerage department Construction Stage Section 11.3 on Page No. 179
Permission from The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) Intimation to the Local Authority - intimation to the local Authority in writing before 7 days of starting of construction work at site Plinth Level Notice - Information of completion of work up to plinth level Completion Cum Occupancy Certificate Section 11.3 on Page No. 179
Completion certificate from local authority Approval from the Lift Inspector- Required for installing lift in the building Consent to operate from State Pollution Control Board NOC from Weight and measurement Department as per Legal Metrology Laws Explosive department Industry Department Labour Department Q&A & Your Feedback Please Training Manual for the Planning, Design and Implementation Evaluation Report of Bus Depots for City Bus Operations
Annexure 11: Trainers’ Profile
SN Name of Trainer Session Delivered Brief Profile 1 D.K. Sharma Introductory He has over 44 years of experience in Session and Design/ PMC/ construction management Utilities Planning, for infrastructure projects. A post graduate Health, Safety & in construction management and a Masters Environment in civil engineering & construction management, has experience in comprehensive bus depot and terminal planning and design, preparation of technical specifications, project management experience (more than 15 bus depots/ terminals). 2 Neeraj Aggarwal About the Depot He holds a B.Tech degree with MBA and Design Manual and has an experience of over 20 years in Depot Development managing large infrastructure projects Process across various sectors with focus on urban transportation. He has a vast experience in Bus terminals/ depots especially in PPP projects. 3 Sandeep Raizada Selecting He has over 30 years of experience in bus Appropriate Sites fleet/ depot maintenance and management experience. He has bachelor degree in mechanical engineering and vast experience in STUs w.r.t. operations, maintenance and inventory management, bus technology, bus fleet acquisition, fuel and oil conservation, tyres and re-treading processes, performance assessment, monitoring and control; requirement planning, acquisition, storage, disposal of stores, spares and materials etc. 4 Satish Ruhil Selecting He holds a B.Sc. (Engg.) degree in Appropriate Sites, Mechanical Engineering and PGDBM in Utilities Planning, Finance. He has over 30 years of Health, Safety & experience in maintenance of buses in Environment and single time department system, bus body Depot Development fabrication and police vehicles. He was the Process technical head in Haryana State transport department and has dealt with modernization of depot workshop, their construction and managing various types of services. 5 Ajay Srivastava Guidance on Depot He is a B.E. in Mechanical Engineering and Planning & has over 28 years of experience in Designing Urban operationalization/ service planning of bus Bus Depots routes, design of bus routes, design and analysis of different kind of surveys related with public transport, compilation of revenue statistics for each routes/depots, planning of operational parameter for each
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SN Name of Trainer Session Delivered Brief Profile route in cluster, scheduling and planning of Bus Operation in Cluster Scheme. 6 Rakesh Sood Guidance on Depot He has bachelor’s degree in architecture Planning & with over 25 years of experience in Designing Urban planning, design and development of public Bus Depots transport infrastructure including bus terminals, bus depots and workshops. Deep understanding of bus parking design, bus fleet maintenance infrastructure design, depot and terminal layout and circulations planning; regulatory, legal standards related aspects; utilities planning and development. He has a thorough understanding of the civil structures, planning norms and processes of public transport authorities/ institutions in the Indian context.
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Annexure 12: Feedback Form
Training Workshop Feedback Form
Please note that the on the scale of 1-5, 5 is the highest score and 1 is the lowest score *1. Training and topics covered were relevant to me 5 4 3 2 1
*2. The style and pace of the training was conducive for learning Extremely valuable Very valuable Somewhat valuable Not so valuable Not at all valuable
*3. Trainers were knowledgeable and effective in communication 5 4 3 2 1
*4. The alphabetical index provided at the back in the Manual is relevant Agree Disagree Can't Comment
*5. The structure of the Manual is good and provides a complete overview for depot planning, design and implementation Approve Neither approve nor disapprove Disapprove
*6. The Manual is adaptable to foreseen future technology advancements Likely Neither likely nor unlikely Unlikely
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*7. How long do you think this manual will be useful? 2 - 5 years 5 - 10 years 10 - 15 years 15 - 20 years 20+ years
*8. The course content was well structured and useful 5 4 3 2 1
9. Comments on the improvement of Training Course content
10. Comments on the improvement of Manual
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