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Recommended Parking Ramp Design Guidelines

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Recommended Parking Ramp Design Guidelines Appendix 5 Recommended Parking Ramp Design Guidelines Report Version: 1.0 Prepared for: DMC Transportation & Infrastructure Program City of Rochester, MN Prepared by: Date: 12/20/16 DMC Project No. Rochester J8618-J8622 Parking/TMA Study Recommended Parking Ramp Design Guidelines Table of Contents Parking Structure Design Guidelines ............................................... 2 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 2 2. Project Delivery .................................................................................................... 4 3. Sustainable Design and Accreditation ............................................................... 8 4. Site Requirements ............................................................................................... 10 5. Site Constraints ................................................................................................... 11 6. Concept Design................................................................................................... 12 7. Circulation and Ramping ................................................................................... 14 8. One-Way vs. Two-Way Traffic ......................................................................... 15 9. Other Circulation Systems ................................................................................. 20 10. Access Design ................................................................................................... 22 11. Parking Geometrics .......................................................................................... 23 12. Parking Layout Dimensions ............................................................................ 25 13. Parking Layout Efficiency ............................................................................... 27 14. Pedestrian Requirements ................................................................................. 28 15. Accessible Parking Requirements (ADA) ..................................................... 29 16. Safety and Security ............................................................................................ 31 17. Lighting .............................................................................................................. 32 18. Signage and Wayfinding ................................................................................... 35 19. Drainage ............................................................................................................. 40 20. Open or Enclosed Parking Structure ............................................................. 41 21. Structural Systems ............................................................................................. 43 22. Durability Design .............................................................................................. 47 23. Incorporating Other Land Uses ..................................................................... 48 24. Other Considerations ....................................................................................... 50 25. Sustainable Parking Operations and Management ...................................... 51 26. Sustainable Parking Operation and Management Checklist ....................... 52 Document File Name 1 Recommended Parking Ramp Design Guidelines Parking Structure Design Guidelines 1. Introduction This document was developed for the City of Rochester as a guide for future parking structure design in Downtown Rochester. It contains information to help developers and designers incorporate parking structure components into proposed projects. The concepts presented will help produce functional, well-designed and patron friendly parking structures that will become valued infrastructure elements for the Downtown. The concepts are presented so that common design mistakes can be avoided by being addressed early in the design process. Another important consideration in the development of these design guidelines is an anticipated increase the use of public/private partnerships going forward. Under this scenario, where the City could become a co- owner of a proposed parking development, having well-defined design guidelines up front and lead to better projects and improved development planning. The document should be periodically updated to reflect state-of-the-art parking design practices and principles. To support this point, this document is an update to our original design guidelines document with the specific goal of incorporating recent advances in the area of “sustainable operations and management strategies”. This addition nicely complements the DMC’s plans that puts a greater emphasis on mobility management strategies. It includes the following categories: • Introduction • Project Delivery • Sustainable Design & Accreditation • Site Requirements • Site Constraints 2 Recommended Parking Ramp Design Guidelines • Concept Design • Circulation and Ramping • One-way vs. Two-way Traffic • Other Circulation Systems • Access Design • Parking Layout and Geometrics • Parking Layout Efficiency • Pedestrian Requirements • Accessible Parking Requirements • Safety and Security • Lighting • Signage and Wayfinding • Drainage • Open or Enclosed Parking Structures • Structural Systems • Durability Design • Other Considerations • Incorporating Other Land Uses • Sustainable Operations & Mgmt. • Sustainable Ops & Mgmt. Checklist In any future parking development project, it is highly recommended that a qualified parking structure design specialty firm be engaged in the project due to the unique characteristics and special design expertise required to develop a successful project. In addition to these design guidelines, we are also preparing a companion document that explores some innovative design thinking related to the potential for “future proofing” parking garage design in anticipation of potential parking demand reductions that could occur as the result of emerging shared mobility strategies and the potential impacts of the emergence of autonomous vehicles. In this companion document, we will 3 Recommended Parking Ramp Design Guidelines explore the issues, strategies and alternative design concepts that could allow for the adaptive reuse of 40% – 50% of a traditional garage for other uses such as residential, office or other revenue producing options. Key issues such as structural capacity, floor-to-floor heights, maximizing flat floors, etc. will be addressed. The proposed approach will be illustrated in conceptual prototype designs that will flesh out the potential positive as well as negative issues associated with new approach. 2. Project Delivery There are four primary project delivery methods commonly used to design and construct parking structures. Two design professional’s handbooks titled the Design-Build Project Delivery and the Design/Contract-Build Project Delivery, published by the American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC), are helpful references. Each method is described on the following pages, along with a graphical depiction of the contractual relationships for each: 1. Design-Bid-Build (D-B-B) projects are those where the owner selects and contracts with the lead designer (Parking Consultant or Architect/Engineer). They in turn represent the owner in defining the project and preparing drawings and specifications to meet the owner’s needs for competitive bidding to contractors. Often on public projects, the owner is required to select the lowest “responsive and responsible” bid, with the contractors’ qualifications often not given consideration. The D-B-B method is sometimes referred to as the “traditional” process and is still the most common method. 2. Construction Manager - Design-Bid- Build (CM D-B-B) is where the owner selects and contracts with the architect/engineer (A/E) who represents the owner in defining the project and preparing drawings and specifications to meet the owner’s needs for bidding. However, the owner also retains a construction manager (CM) who works with the A/E during the design phases, sets the project schedule, and performs construction 4 Recommended Parking Ramp Design Guidelines cost estimates. The CM bids the work to subcontractors for the various trades. This is a better method than D-B-B for projects where the owner wants fast track or phased construction. 3. Design-Build (D-B) are cases where the owner retains a D-B contractor who in turn retains the A/E so there is a single entity responsible for both design and construction. Often the owner prepares or retains another A/E to prepare design build criteria documents as described below. The owner can select the D-B team based on qualifications and cost, consistent with the bidding documents. There has been more interest in D-B type projects recently because of owners who perceive benefits regarding cost, schedule, and risk management. *: Optional but recommended; A/E 4. Design-Contract-Build (D-C-B) are prepares design build criteria documents projects where the owner selects and that are basis for contract with contracts with the A/E. The A/E contractor. prepares preliminary documents that are the basis for the owner contracting with the contractor early in the design process, rather than waiting for final design documents to be prepared as for D-B-B. This method combines the advantages of the D-B-B and D-B methods while reducing many disadvantages to allow the owner to have the most qualified A/E and contractor involved in their
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