The Philosophical Significance of Binary Categories in Habermas's
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Religion, Ethics, and Poetics in a Tamil Literary Tradition
Tacit Tirukku#a#: Religion, Ethics, and Poetics in a Tamil Literary Tradition The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Smith, Jason William. 2020. Tacit Tirukku#a#: Religion, Ethics, and Poetics in a Tamil Literary Tradition. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard Divinity School. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37364524 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use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
Beyond the Principles of Bioethics: Facing the Consequences of Fundamental Moral Disagreement
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2012v11n1p13 BEYOND THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOETHICS: FACING THE CONSEQUENCES OF FUNDAMENTAL MORAL DISAGREEMENT H. TRISTRAM ENGELHARDT (Rice Universtiy / USA) ABSTRACT Given intractable secular moral pluralism, the force and significance of the four principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice) of Tom Beauchamp and James Childress must be critically re-considered. This essay examines the history of the articulation of these four principles of bioethics, showing why initially there was an illusion of a common morality that led many to hold that the principles could give guidance across cultures. But there is no one sense of the content or the theoretical justification of these principles. In addition, a wide range of secular moral and bioethical choices has been demoralized into lifestyle choices; the force of the secular moral point of view has also been deflated, thus compounding moral pluralism. It is the political generation of the principles that provides a common morality in the sense of an established morality. The principles are best understood as embedded not in a common morality, sensu stricto, but in that morality that is established at law and public policy in a particular polity. Although moral pluralism is substantive and intractable at the level of moral content, in a particular polity a particular morality and a particular bioethics can be established, regarding which health care ethics consultants can be experts. Public morality and bioethics are at their roots a political reality. Keywords: Bioethics. Pluralism. Moral disagreement. Ethical particularism. RESUMO Dado o pluralismo moral secular intratável, a força e o significado dos quatro princípios (autonomia, beneficência, não maleficência e justiça) de Tom Beauchamp e James Childress precisam ser reconsiderados criticamente. -
A Critical Theory of Dialogue: a Review and Critique of Habermas' Theory of Universal Pragmatics and Implications for Theories of Decision Making and Negotiation
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 261 417 CS 504 986 AUTHOR Savage, Grant T. TITLE A Critical Theory of Dialogue: A Review and Critique of Habermas' Theory of Universal Pragmatics and Implications for Theories of Decision Making and Negotiation. PUB DATE May 85 NOTE 27p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association (35th, Honolulu, HI, May 23-27, 1985). PUB TYPE Viewpoints (120) -- Speeches/Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Communication (Thought Transfer); *Communication Research; Conflict Resolution; *Decision Making; Group Dynamics; *Interpersonal Communication; Interpersonal Competence; *Models; Speech Communication; Theory Practice Relationship IDENTIFIERS Communication Behavior; *Habermas (Jurgen); Theory Development ABSTRACT Intended for researchers and teachers of the small group process, decision making, andnegotiation, this paper offers a review and critique of J. Habermas's theory of universal pragmatics. The firs* section of this paper retraces Habermas's theory,which seeks to free social action from false consciousness(that is, political ideologies) that systematically distort communication.The paper then articulates the eidetic andinterpretive structure of dialogue and indicates a set of methodological criteria for critiquing communication. The final secion of the paper: (1) contrasts B. A. Fisher's and L. C. Hawes' interact systemmodel of communication with a critical theory of dialogue, (2) differentiates between a critical theory of dialogue and current models ofdecision making and negotiation, (3) indicates how a critical theory of dialogue provides new directions for researching decisionmaking and negotiation, and (4) provides several directives for facilitating consensual decision making. (HOD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -
The Books That Habermas Hasn't Written
Review essay International Sociology Review of Books The books that Habermas 26(5) 597–603 © The Author(s) 2011 hasn’t written Reprints and permission: sagepub. co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0268580911411514 iss.sagepub.com Frédéric Vandenberghe State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Abstract The article provides an overview of Jürgen Habermas’s intellectual work of the last five decades. Through an analysis of the recent republication of the philosophical essays in a boxed set of five volumes, it shows the relevance of the ‘linguistic turn’ in philosophy for the discursive foundation of the human sciences. Following the development of his thought from social theory, epistemology, ethics, political and legal theory to postmetaphysical philosophy and theology, it offers a handy introduction to the most sociological of the great philosophers of the 20th century. Keywords communicative action, Jürgen Habermas, linguistic turn Professional sociologists may not have read much of Jürgen Habermas’s oeuvre, but they certainly have heard of him. For 50 years, the leading figure of the second generation of the Frankfurt School has set the intellectual agenda not just in philosophy, but also in sociology and cognate disciplines. His debates with Karl Popper, Hans Georg Gadamer, Niklas Luhmann or John Rawls are part of the curriculum. His many scholarly articles on major figures in philosophy and social theory, such as Marx, Weber or Parsons, Lukács, Adorno or Foucault, are important contributions in their own right. Each of his hefty books is already a classic in the field and has spawned a small cottage industry of commentary and critique. -
Ethics: a Study of Dietrich BonhoeEr's Ethics in Relation to Virtue Ethics
Durham E-Theses The virtue of Bonhoeer's ethics: a study of Dietrich Bonhoeer's Ethics in relation to virtue ethics MOBERLY, JENNIFER,LYNNE How to cite: MOBERLY, JENNIFER,LYNNE (2009) The virtue of Bonhoeer's ethics: a study of Dietrich Bonhoeer's Ethics in relation to virtue ethics, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/89/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 The Virtue of Bonhoeffer’s Ethics A Study of Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Ethics in Relation to Virtue Ethics Jennifer Moberly Thesis submitted for PhD Durham University December 2009 Abstract Jennifer Moberly, „The Virtue of Bonhoeffer‟s Ethics: A Study of Dietrich Bonhoeffer‟s Ethics in Relation to Virtue Ethics‟ (thesis submitted for PhD, December 2009) This study first explores prima facie reasons for rejecting the possibility of seeing a close relationship between Bonhoeffer‟s Ethics and virtue ethics. -
Ethics Content
Ethics Content I Introduction to Ethics Unit-1 Nature and Scope of Ethics Unit-2 Importance and Challenges of Ethics Unit-3 Ethics in the History of Indian Philosophy Unit-4 Ethics in the History of Western Philosophy II Ethical Foundations Unit-1 Human Values Unit-2 Human Virtues Unit-3 Human Rights Unit-4 Human Duties III Applied Ethics Unit-1 International Ethics Unit-2 Bioethics Unit-3 Environmental Ethics Unit-4 Media Ethics IV Current Ethical Debates Unit-1 Natural Moral Law Unit-2 Deontology and Moral Responsibility Unit-3 Discourse Ethics Unit-4 Social Institutions UNIT 1 NATURE AND SCOPE OF ETHICS Nature and Scope of Ethics Contents 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Moral Intuitionism 1.3 Human Person in Search of Himself/Herself 1.4 Love and the Moral Precepts 1.5 The Dynamics of Morality 1.6 The Constant and the Variable in Morality 1.7 Let Us Sum Up 1.8 Key Words 1.9 Further Readings and References 1.0 OBJECTIVES This unit aims at introducing the students to the philosophical need for Ethics starting from a brief discussion of Moral law and how the human person in his or her process of growth intuits the ethical principles. Discussions pertaining to the dynamics of morality is undertaken to show how on the one hand new situations call for new responses from moral point of view and on the other hand certain fundamentals of ethics remain the same in so far as there is something of a common human nature adequately understood. -
Elements of a Radical Theory of Public Life: from Tonnies to Habermas and Beyond*
Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory/Revue canadienne de theorie sociale et politique, Vol. 6, No. 3, (Fall/Automne, 1982). ELEMENTS OF A RADICAL THEORY OF PUBLIC LIFE: FROM TONNIES TO HABERMAS AND BEYOND* John Keane Public opinion . deserves to be as much respected as despised Hegel Since the Bolshevik Revolution, all emancipatory political thinking has been concerned with the subject of public life. Initiated by Rosa Luxemburg's critique of the earliest phase of that revolution,' this tradition of autonomous political thinking is of considerable relevance to any deepened understanding of the growth of public spheres under late capitalist conditions. At least, this is the argument of the following essay, which can also be read as a tentative and by no means exhaustive survey of this tradition's achievements and failures . It should be emphasised that the starting point of this survey is immanent. It seeks to avoid "mere moralizing" (as Hegel called it) by thinking with and against several important twentieth-century contributors to a theory of auton- omous public life. The argument begins with 'Ponnies' path-breaking critique of public opinion . The narrative then broadens into an examination of Dewey's attempt to retrieve and radicalise the old liberal bourgeois principle of publicity. Dewey's defence of the principle of "free and systematic communication" is seen to be especially important, inasmuch as it foregrounds themes of vital import- ance to more recent critiques of late capitalism-especially to those of Jurgen Habermas. During the past several decades, it is argued, Habermas has made the most interesting and ambitious contributions to a radical theory of public life . -
Nicholas Southwood This Brief, Bold Monograph Addresses 'The Central
Book Reviews 117 Nicholas Southwood Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 208 pp. isbn 978-0-19-953965-9 (hbk). £40.00. This brief, bold monograph addresses ‘the central problem of moral philoso- phy: … identifying the … ultimate [constitutive] grounds of morality’ (pp. vii, 4, 9). Southwood espouses ‘the contractualist idea that the rightness and wrongness of our conduct is to be explained by reference to some … actual or hypothetical agreement … [This] offer[s] the best hope of vindicating a robust notion of moral truth while also acknowledging that morality is in some sense a human construction, that moral truths are somehow dependent on actual human capacities’ (p. vii). To show this, Southwood develops a novel ‘deliberative model’ of contractualism, distinct to Gauthier’s ‘Hobbesian’ and to Scanlon’s ‘Kantian’ contractualist models; its affinities to Habermas’ discourse ethics are omitted (pp. 3, 87n2). The ‘morality’ Southwood seeks to ground is a ‘complete set … of deontic facts … about what is permissible, impermissible, and obligatory,’ as a common code by which we are to live (p. 102n32), in contrast to what is ‘good, worth- while, [or] virtuous’ (p. 7) for us to do (p. 8). Adequately grounding morality requires vindicating ‘various platitudes that define morality’s intensional char- acter’ and ‘substantive judgments concerning morality’s extensional character’ (p. 11). Morality’s intensional character is specified by platitudes about its nor- mativity and its objectivity (p. 13). Morality’s normativity consists in agents having sufficient justifying reasons to act (or to refrain) as morality requires (p. 14); ‘moral requirements are necessarily categorical and binding’ and ‘dis- tinctively other-regarding’ (p. -
Commanded Love and Moral Autonomy the Kierkegaard-Habermas Debate
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Commanded Love and Moral Autonomy The Kierkegaard-Habermas Debate Merold Westphal — Fordham University One way to read Kierkegaard’s Works of Love is to speculative knowledge). But his ethics is theo- as an all out assault on the Enlightenment ideal of nomous, and thus heteronomous, and he will moral autonomy from a religious point of view. vigorously reject the second and third constraints Kant is the locus classicus of this ideal, just as on the ethics of divine command he develops in Descartes and Locke are, respectively, for the Works of Love. correlative ideals of epistemic and political auton- The second constraint involves an elitism he is omy. Since these three components belong to the eager to repudiate. Kant recognizes that one central core of what we have come to think of as might need “the idea of another Being over him” the modern understanding of the subject, Kierke- in order to recognize one’s duty or be motivated gaard’s critique has a distinctively postmodern to do it, but “it is man’s own fault if he is subject flavour. But, as we shall see, it is postmodern to such a need ...”4 The idea seems to be this. If precisely by the way it is biblically premodern. we are sufficiently enlightened or intellectually The first thing Kant says about the relation of mature, we will have a morality that “does not religion to morality in his ‘Fourth Critique’ is need religion at all,” but if we are intellectually that “morality does not need religion at all.” inferior or immature, we will need to get our Because morality presupposes “man as a free morality by way of religion and the notion of agent who, just because he is free, binds himself divine commands. -
The Universal Pragmatics of Jürgen Habermas and the Ethics Of
Jürgen Habermas' Concept of Universal Pragmatics: A Practical Approach to Ethics and Innovation by Howard A. Doughty “The essence of an independent mind lies not in what it thinks, but in how it thinks.” - Christopher Hitchens1 “The task of universal pragmatics is to identify and reconstruct universal conditions of possible understanding.” - Jürgen Habermas2 INTRODUCTION: The World in a State of “Chassis” No matter how fast we run in our Air Jordans to whatever gated community, we are namelessly and oddly bereft. We are insecure and negligent in our parenting and citizenship, caught between a public sphere (corporations, officialdom) that feels hollow, and a private sphere (family) that feels besieged. We aren’t safe on the tribal streets. We are equally weightless, in orbit and cyberspace; balloonlike, in exile or migration; tiddlywinks on the credit grid; fled abroad like jobs and capital; disappeared like Latin American journalists; missing, like the children whose mugshots show up on milk cartons; bugged, tapped, videotaped, downsized, hijacked, organ-donored, gene-spliced, lite-beered, vacuum- sealed, overdrawn, nonrefundable, void where prohibited, and stealthed. “All that is solid melts into air,” wrote Karl Marx. And Stephen King agrees.3 I have been drawn, in recent years, into discussions of public service innovation with an ever widening circle of people who have occasionally displayed a sense of urgency that would have bordered on zealotry, if only there were agreement about the shape and direction that innovation should take. Academic analysts and practical public servants alike appear to hold sincere convictions about the rate of social and technological change, new economic and political realities, and the inexorable global dynamics that seem to have us in their maw. -
Jurgen Habermas: Discourse Ethics and the Development of a Contemporary Christian Ethic
JUrgen Habermas: Discourse Ethics and the Development of a Contemporary Christian Ethic A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF MCMASTER DIVINITY COLLEGE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF DIVINITY MCMASTER UNIVERSITY HAMIL TON, ONTARIO BY MICHAEL JOHN FORD APRIL 2003 MASTER OF DIVINITY MCMASTER UNIVERSITY Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Jiirgen Habermas: 'Discourse Ethics and the Development of a Contemporary Christian Ethic AUTHOR: Michael John Ford SUPERVISOR: Dr. Kurt A. Richardson NUMBER OF PAGES: 107 McMASTER DIVINITY COLLEGE Upon the recommendation of an oral examination committee and vote of the faculty, this thesis-project by MICHAEL JOHN FORD is hereby accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF DIVINITY External Reader Dean Date: April2l, 2003 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the reader to the person and work of social philosopher and social theorist JUrgen Habermas. It introduces pertinent aspects of Habermas's biography, and surveys a portion of his library of writings. It then explains Habermas's communication theory, specifically his theory of communicative action. Then, Habermas's theory of discourse ethics is introduced and explicated. This thesis culminates with an examination of the appropriateness and applicability of Habermas's theory of discourse ethics for the development of a contemporary Christian ethic. 11 Acknowledgements The preparation of this thesis has been an edifying experience, and I would like to extend thanks to a number of people who made the experience what it has been. To my supervisor, Dr. Kurt Anders Richardson, thank you for valuable insights, edits, and observations. -
9. Medicine and Ethics
9. Medicine and Ethics Outside of very well integrated groups, it is hard to legislate about word meanings. In everyday discourse, words tend to take on a life of their own independent of any stipulations. This is important to remember when it comes to the words ‘ethics’, ‘morals’, and ‘morality’. Even though some philosophers define these nouns in such a way that they receive distinct meanings (‘ethics’, for instance, is often defined as ‘the philosophy of morals’), in many everyday contexts they are synonymous. Etymologically, ‘ethics’ comes from the ancient Greek words ‘ethikos’ and ‘ethos’. The latter meant something like ‘the place of living’ and the former ‘arising from habit’. That is, both have to do with custom or practice. ‘Morals’ and ‘morality’ are derived from Latin words such as ‘moralis’, ‘mos’, and ‘mor-’ meaning ‘custom’. Today, what is moral or ethical is often contrasted with what comes about only by habit or custom. The words ‘ethics’ and ‘morality’ are today sometimes used in a purely descriptive sense and sometimes in a normative. To say ‘their ethics (ethical system, morals, or morality) contains the following main rules: …’ is mostly only meant to describe in a neutral way what rules a certain group adheres to, whereas to say ‘this is what the laws dictate, but this is what ethics requires’ is to use ‘ethics’ in a normative sense. Normally, to call someone ‘a morally responsible person’ is to say that he wants to act in accordance with the right norms. But to call someone ‘a moralist’ is to say that he is a bit too keen on judging the moral behavior of others.