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Home , Bart Schultz, David Benatar, Discourse ethics, Kristin Andrews, Marcia Baron, Mark Rowlands

Dear Contributors to the International Encyclopedia of ,

We have now reached an important milestone on the road to completing the International Encyclopedia of Ethics (IEE). We now have authors for all topics! Congratulations to everyone on this achievement, and thanks to you for your participation in this monumental project. Contracts are still in the process of being sent out contributors, but as of now all topics have authors assigned to them.

This is by far the biggest and likely most important project I've worked on in my 11 years with Blackwell / Wiley-Blackwell. Attention to the importance of ethics is rapidly on the rise. In a host of professional settings and academic disciplines there are calls for improved awareness of and adherence to ethical standards, and a solid understanding of ethical theory continues to be an increasingly important part of education and professional training. I am very pleased to be involved in the creation of this comprehensive and authoritative resource, and I'm impressed by and grateful to everyone who has committed to bringing this unprecedented project off.

We now enter a new phase in the publishing process. Because of the magnitude of this project, the press has to muster the energy of our production, marketing, and sales staffs at least 24 months before the encyclopedia will appear. That requires that we all work within a realistic but firm timetable for submission, review, and revision of entries. Everyone’s effort is required to bring this important work to fruition. So I urge, implore — and even beg — you to deliver your essays on time. The success of this project depends on everyone playing her or his part.

Below you’ll find a full list of the Editorial Board, Review Board, the topics, and the authors contributing to the IEE. I trust you’ll agree it’s an impressive line-up, and I thank everyone again for their dedication and hard work. I am sure that the final results will be well worth it.

Best wishes,

Jeff

Jeff Dean, Ph.D. Executive Editor Wiley-Blackwell John Wiley & Sons (781) 388-8426 / [email protected] Editors:

Hugh LaFollette, Editor-In-Chief (University of South Florida St. Petersburg)

John Deigh, Associate Editor (University of Texas at Austin)

Sarah Stroud, Associate Editor (McGill University)

Editorial Board:

David Archard (University of Lancaster) Pauline Kleingeld (University of Leiden) Marcia Baron (Indiana University) Jeff McMahan (Rutgers University) Tom L. Beauchamp (Georgetown University) Wlodek Rabinowicz (University of Lund) (Oxford University) Geoff Sayre-McCord (University of North Carolina) Garrett Cullity (University of Adelaide) Russ Shafer-Landau (University of Wisconsin) Derrick Darby (University of Kansas) Tamar Schapiro () James Dreier (Brown University) William Schroeder (University of Illinois) Marilyn Friedman (Vanderbilt University) Michael Selgelid (Australian National University) Thomas E. Hill, Jr. (University of North Carolina) Mark Timmons (University of Arizona) Thomas Hurka () Sumner B. Twiss (Florida State University) Daniel Jacobson () Ralph Wedgwood (Oxford University) Dale Jamieson (New York University) Christopher Heath Wellman (Washington University)

Review Board:

Kate Abramson (Indiana University) William McBride (Purdue University) Christian Barry (Australian National University) Joan McGregor (Arizona State University) Chris Bennett () Sean McKeever (Davidson College) Jeffrey Brand-Ballard (George Washington University) John McMillan (Flinders University) George Brenkert (Georgetown University) Katie McShane (Colorado State University) Samantha Brennan (University of Western Ontario) Susan Mendus (University of York) Gillian Brock () Thaddeus Metz (University of Johannesburg) Krister Bykvist (Oxford University) Richard Miller (Indiana University) John Christman (Penn State University) Christopher Morris (University of Maryland) Rachel Cohon (University at Albany) Mark Murphy (Georgetown University) Bradford Cokelet (University of Miami) Justin Oakley (University of Monash) David Cummiskey (Bates College) Jonas Olson (Stockholm University) Michael Eldridge (University of North Carolina Charlotte) Ingmar Persson(Gothenburg University) David Enoch (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Christian Piller (University of York) Matt Evans (New York University) Douglas Portmore(Arizona State University) Cécile Fabre (Oxford University) Igor Primoratz(University of Melbourne) Stephen Finlay (University of Southern California) Michael Pritchard(Western Michigan University) William FitzPatrick (University of Rochester) David Rasmussen (Boston College) Helen Frowe (University of Kent) Michael Ridge(University of Edinburgh) Stephen Gardiner (University of Washington) Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen(Lund University) Charles Goodman (Binghamton University) John Russon(University of Guelph)

For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm

Michael Green (Pomona College) Ronald L. Sandler (Northeastern University) Charles Guignon (University of South Florida) Mark Schroeder (University of Southern California) Matthew Hanser University of California Santa Barbara) William Schweiker () Jennifer Herdt (University of Notre Dame) Michael Selgelid (Australian National University) Kathleen Higgins (University of Texas at Austin) Hugh Silverman (Stony Brook University) Paul Hurley (Claremont McKenna College) Ira Singer (Hofstra University) P.J. Ivanhoe (City University of Hong Kong) Anthony Skelton (University of Western Ontario) Agnieszka Jaworska (University of California Riverside) Tom Sorell (University of Birmingham) Karen Jones (University of Melbourne) Saul Smilansky (University of Haifa) Martin Kavka (Florida State University) Daniel Star (Boston University) Simon Keller (Victoria University of Wellington) Alan Strudler (University of Pennsylvania) Jeanette Kennett (Macquarie University) John J. Stuhr (Emory University) Simon Kirchin (University of Kent) David Sussman (University of Illinois) Anthony Laden (University of Illinois Chicago) Folke Tersman (Stockholm University) Matthew Liao (New York University) Suzanne Uniacke (University of Hull) Hallvard Lillehammer (Cambridge University) () Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen (Aarhus University) Mark van Roojen (University of Nebraska) Michele Mason (University of Minnesota) Adrian Walsh (University of New England, AU) David Wong ()

Topics:

A Posteriori Ethical Knowledge Exploitation Parents' and Responsibilities A Priori Ethical Knowledge Externalism, Motivational Particularism Abelard, Peter Fact- Distinction Patents Abortion Faith Academic Freedom Falk, W. D. Pedophilia Accounting Ethics Family Perception, Moral Action Fatherhood Perfect and Imperfect Duties Addams, Jane Feinberg, Joel Perfectionism Addiction Feminist Perry, R. B. Adoption Personal Relationships Adorno, Theodor Feminist Metaethics Personhood, Criteria of Adultery Fetuses Pharmacist Ethics Advance Directives Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas Phenomenology, Moral Adversarial System of Fichte, Johann Gottlieb Plagiarism and Forgery Advertising, Ethics of Fictionalism, Moral Aesthetics and Ethics Filial Duties Plea Bargaining Affirmative Action Firth, Roderick Pleasure African American Religious Ethics Forgiveness Plotinus African Ethics Foucault, Michael Police Ethics Age Frankena, William Political Correctness Agent-centered Options Free Riding Agent-centered Restrictions Political Obligation Agent-Relative vs. Agent-Neutral Frege-Geach Objection Population Agricultural Ethics Freud, Sigmund Pornography and Obscenity Aid, Ethics of Friendship Potential Persons AIDS Functionalism, Moral Poverty in a Consumer Culture Al-Farabi Gadamer, Hans Georg Power Al-Ghazali Game Theory and Rational Choice Practical Conditionals Alienation Gender and Patriarchy in Religions Practical Reasoning Allocating Scarce Medical Resources Generosity Practical Ethics For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm

Altruism and Biology Genetic Testing Amnesty Genocide Pragmatic Theory of Action Amoralist Glass Ceiling Praxis Analogical Arguments Global Precautionary Global Distributive Justice Predatory Pricing Ancient Ethics Global Health Ethics Preference Global Prescriptivism Animal Experimentation Global Poverty Preventive and Preemptive War Global Warming Price, Richard Animals, Moral Status of Globalization Prichard, H. A. Anscombe, G.E.M. GMOs Pride Anthopocentrism Golden Rule Prima Facie / Pro Tanto “Ought” Anti-Moralism and Better Principlism Aquinas, Saint Thomas Good and Good for Privacy Arendt, Hannah Good Samaritanism Privacy and the Internet Goodness, Varieties of Pro Attitudes Arrogance Gratitude Product Safety Arrow's Theorem Greatest Principle Assassination Green, T.H. Profit Motive Association, Freedom of Grotius, Hugo Projectivism Associative Duties Groups, Moral Status of Promises Attention, Moral Guilt Propaganda Attitudes, Reactive Guise of the Good Properties, Moral Atonement Gun Control Proportionality (in War) Augustine, Saint Guo Xiang Prostitution Austin, J. L. Happiness Protestant Ethics Austin, John Hare, R. M. Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph Authenticity Harm Prudence Authority Harm Principle Psychiatric Ethics Harrington, James Psychopathy Autonomy of Ethics Hart, H.L.A. Psychopharmacology Ayer, A. J. Hartmann, Nicolai Psychosurgery Bad Faith and the Unconscious Hate Speech Public Badiou, Alain Health and Disease in Religions Public Health Ethics Balguy, John Health Care Resources, Distribution of Public Reason Barth, Karl Health Surveillance, Ethics of Publicity Benevolence Hedonism Pufendorf, Samual von Bentham, Jeremy Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Bergson, Henri Heidegger, Martin Quasi-Realism Biocentrism Hellenistic Ethics Queerness, Argument From Bioethics Henry, Michel Biopiracy Highest Good Quotidian Ethics Biotechnology Hindu Ethics Rabbinic Ethics Birth Control Hobbes, Thomas Race, What It Is Blame Holocaust Racism Bloch, Ernst Homicide Ranciere, Jacques Bluffing Homosexuality Rape Bodin, Jean Human Rights and Religion Rashdall, Hastings Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus Human Subjects, Research Use of Rationalism in Ethics Boycotts Humanitarian Intervention Rationality Bradley, F.H. Hume, David Rauschenbusch, Walter Brain Death Humor, Ethics of Rawls, John Brandt, Richard J. Realism, Moral Brentano, Franz Husserl, Edmund Reason and Passion Bribery and Extortion Hutcheson, Francis Reason and Revelation in Religious Ethics Broad, C. D. Hybrid Theories of Moral Statements Reasons Buber, Martin Observer theories Reasons for Action, and Buck-Passing Account Idealization In Ethics Reasons, Atomism vs. Holism Buddhist Ethics Identity, Politics of Reasons, Internal vs. External For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm

Burke, Edmund Imagination in Ethics Reasons, Motivating and Normative Business Ethics Immigration Reciprocity Butler, Joseph Impartiality Recognition Calvin, John Imperatives, Categorical and Hypothetical Reconciliation Camus, Albert Imperatives, Logic of Reductionism in Ethics Capabilities Incest Capital Punishment Incommensurability (and Incomparability) Refugees Care Ethics Infanticide Regret Cassirer, Ernst Infectious Diseases Reid, Thomas Informed Relativism, Moral Categorical Imperative Inheritance Religion and Global Ethics Catholic Moral Theology Insanity Defense Religion and Politics Character Instrumental Value Religion, Freedom of Charity Integrity Religious and Philosophical Ethics Chastity Intellectual Property Religious and Political Authority Cheating Intention Religious Saints Child Abuse and Neglect Intergenerational Ethics Religious, Moral, and Intellectual Children's Rights Internalism, Motivational Reparations International Bill of Human Rights Reproductive Technology Civic Friendship International Criminal Justice Repugnant Conclusion Civic Virtue International Relations Research Ethics International Research Ethics Respect Civil Rights Internet Ethics Response-Dependent theories Civilian Immunity Intersubjectivity Responsibility Clarke, Samuel Intransitivity Retribution Climatic Justice Intrinsic Value Ricoeur, Paul Cloning Intuitionism, Moral Rights Codes of Ethics Intuitions, Moral Rights of Indigenous Peoples Coercion Ring of Gyges Coercive Wage Offers Is-Ought Gap Risk Cognitive Enhancement Jain Ethics Rorty, Richard James, William Ross, W. D. Cohen, Hermann Jaspers, Karl Rousseau, Jean Jacques Coherentism, Moral Jefferson, Thomas Rules, Standards, and Collateral Damage Journalism Ethics Russell, Bertrand Collective Responsibility Journalistic Objectivity Same-Sex Marriage Colonialism and Post-Colonialism Just Cause (in War) Sartre, Jean Paul Commitment Just Price Satisficing Commodification , History of Savior Siblings Common Good Justice Scheler, Max Juvenile Justice Schelling, Fredrich Companion Animals Kant, Immanuel Schiller, Fredrich Companions in Guilt Strategy Kantian Practical Ethics Schleiermacher, Fredrich Comparable Worth Kelsen, Hans Schopenhauer, Arthur Comparative Religious Ethics Kierkegaard, Soren Secession Compensatory Justice Killing Self-Deception Compromise King Jr., Self-Defense Self-Respect and Self-Esteem Concepts vs. Properties, Moral Last Person Arguments Semantics, Moral Condorcet's Jury Theorem Late Modern British Ethics Sensibility theory Confidentiality, an Overview Late Modern Continental , Moral Relevance of Conflicts of Interest Sentimentalism Confucian Ethics Leopold, Aldo Sentiments, Moral Levinas, Emmanuel Sexual Consent Sexual Equality Conscience and Professionals Liberation Theology and Ethics Sexual Harassment Conscientious Objection Sexual Morality Consent Sexuality in Religions Life, Meaning of Shaftesbury, Third Earl of For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm

Conservation Biology Life, Value of Shame and Honor Constructivism, Moral Literature and Ethics Sidgwick, Henry Contextualism In Ethics Locke, John Sikh Ethics Continental Feminist Ethics Long-term Care Sin, Concepts of Love Siting Corporal Punishment Loyalty Skepticism, Moral Corporate Culture Luther, Martin Slavery Corporate Governance Lying and Deceit Slippery Slope Arguments Corporate Social Responsibility Lyotard, Jean-Fancois Smith, Adam Corruption Machiavelli, Niccolo Mackie, J. L. Cost-Benefit Analyses , Moses Sophists Courage Malebranche, Nicholas Species, the Value of Crimes Against Humanity Mandeville, Bernard Speech, Freedom of Criminal Attempts Manipulation Spencer, Herbert Criminal Justice Ethics Marcel, Gabriel Spinoza, Baruch Criminal Marcuse, Herbert Stakeholder Theory Critical Theory Marion, Jean-Luc Stem Cell Research Crusius, Christian August Marriage Stevenson, C. L. Cryoethics Marx, Karl Stewart, Dugald Cudworth, Ralph Marxism Stoicism Cumberland, Richard Mead, George Herbert Strawson, P. F. Cyrenaics Medical Tourism Strict Liability Daoist Ethics Medieval Ethics Suarez, Francisco De Beauvoir, Simone Subjectivism, Ethical Death Mercenaries and Private Military Companies Declaration of Helsinki Mercy Suicide Metaethics Supererogation Deleuze, Gilles Methodology in Metaethics , Moral Democracy Methods of Practical Ethics Surrogacy Deontic Logic Military Necessity Sustainability Deontology Military Occupation Sympathy Derrida, Jacques Mill, John Stuart Synthetic Life Sciences Desert Minimalism About Truth, Ethics and Teaching Ethics Desire Modern Terrorism Desire Theories of the Good Modesty Testimony, Moral Deterrence Montaigne, Michael de Thick and Thin Concepts Dewey, John , Charles-Louis de Secondat Thomasius, Christian Diderot, Denis Moore, G. E. Thoreau, Henry David Difference Principle Moral Absolutes Thought Experiments In Ethics Dilemmas, Moral Moral Agency Toleration Dilthey, Wilhelm Moral Character Torts Direction of Fit Moral Development Torture Dirty Hands Moral Education Trade Secrets Disabilities, People With Moral Equality of Combatants Tragedy of the Commons Disagreement, Moral Moral Judgment TRIPS Moral Language, Uses of Troeltsch, Ernst Discrimination Moral Luck Trolley Problem Disease Mongering Moral Point of View Trust Distance, Moral Relevance of Truth Commissions Divine Command Moral Reasoning Truth in Ethics Doctrine of Double Effect Moral Status Twentieth Century Analytic Ethics Doing and Allowing Morality, Definition of Twentieth Century Continental Ethics Domestic Violence Morally Tragic Life Twin Earth, Moral Dual Use Research Motherhood Universalizability Duns Scotus Motivation, Humean theory of Usury Durkheim, Emile Motivation, Moral Early Chinese Legalism Multiculturalism Early Murdoch, Iris Value Realism For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm

Early Modern Ethics Mysticism and Ethics Value, Fitting-Attitude Account of Eastern Orthodox Ethics Nanotechnology, Ethics of and Ecofeminism Nationalism & Patriotism Veterinary Ethics Ecological Restoration Native American Ethics Victimless Crimes Economic Sanctions Violence Economics and Ethics Naturalism, Ethical Virtue Naturalistic Fallacy Egoism Nature and the Natural von Herder, Johann Gottfried Embryo Research Needs Von Wright, G. H. Emerson, Ralph Waldo Negligence Wang Bi Emotion Neo-Aristotelian Wang Yang-ming War Empathy Neuro-marketing War and Religion Employers and Employees Niebuhr, Reinhold War Crimes Employment at Will Nietzsche, Friedrich Weakness of Will Weapons Research and Development Environment and Ecology in Religions Non-Cognitivism Weber, Max Non-Identity Problem Weil, Simone Environmental Justice Non-Naturalism, Ethical Well-being Environmental Virtue Ethics Non-violence in Religions Whewell, William , Moral Normativity Whistleblowing Equality Nuclear Weapons White, Morton Equality of Opportunity White-Collar Crime Error theory Objective Relativism Why Be Moral? Ethical investment Offense Wilderness, Value of Ethics in the Hebrew Bible Omissions Ethics of Aging Online Journalism Williams, Bernard Ethics of Belief Open Question Argument Wisdom Ethics of Competitive Sport Oppression Wittgenstein, Ludwig Ethics of Leadership Organ Transplantation Wolff, Christian Eudaimonism Organic Wholes Wollaston, William Eugenics Ortega y Gasset, José Wollstonecraft, Euthanasia Ought Work, Nature and Value of Euthyphro Problem Ought' Implies 'Can' World Hunger Evaluative vs. Deontic Concepts Overcriminalization World Trade Organization Overridingness, Moral Worth/Dignity , Ethics and Pacifism Wrong Kind of Reasons Problem Ewing, A.C. Paine, Thomas Wrongful Life Executive Compensation Palliative Care Xunzi Paradox of Deontology Zhu Xi Experimental Ethics Paradox of Happiness Zhuangzi Explanations, Moral

Authors:

Jonathan Adler (Brooklyn College, CUNY) * Nicholas (Victoria University of Wellington) * James Allen () David Alm (Lund University) * Andrew Altman (Georgia State University) * Abraham Anderson (Sarah Lawrence College) Joel Anderson (University of Utrecht) * Per Anderson (Concordia College) * Svend Anderson (Aarhus University) Thomas Anderson (Marquette University) * Victor Anderson (Vanderbilt University) * (York University) Stephen Angle (Wesleyan University) * Keith Ansell-Pearson (University of Warwick) * Maria Antonaccio (Bucknell University) David Archard (University of Lancaster) * Steven Arkonovich (Reed College) * Richard Arneson (University of California San Diego) Ronald Aronson (Wayne State University) * John Arras (University of Virginia) * Gustaf Arrhenius (University of Stockholm) Adrienne Asch (Yeshiva University) * Richard Ashcroft (Queen Mary University of London) * Robin Attfield (Cardiff University) Neera Badhwar (University of Oklahoma) * Carla Bagnoli (University of Wisconsin Milwaukee) Deane-Peter Baker (University of KwaZulu-Natal) * Thomas Baldwin (University of York) * Stephen Barker (University of Nottingham) Marcia Baron (University of Indiana) * Christian Barry (Australian National University) * Melissa Barry (Williams College) For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm

Peter Brian Barry (Saginaw Valley State University) * Stanley Bates (Middlebury College) * Margaret Battin (University of Utah) Stefan Baumrin (City University of New York) * Francoise Baylis (Dalhousie University) * Anne Margaret Baxley (Washington University) Tim Bayne (Oxford University) * Ken Baynes (University of Syracuse) * Saba Bazargan (University of California San Diego) Ryan Beaton (University of Toronto) * Tom L. Beauchamp (Georgetown University) * Harlan Beckley (Washington and Lee University) Matt Bedke (University of British Columbia) * Richard H. Bell (College of Wooster) * (University of ) Belinda Bennett () * Chris Bennett (University of Sheffield) * Rebecca Bennett () Vera Bergelson (Rutgers University) * Robert Bernasconi (Penn State University) * Frederick Bird (University of Waterloo) Brian Bix (University of Minnesota) * Sam Black (Simon Fraser University) * Simon Blackburn (Cambridge University) Alessandro Blasimme (European School of Molecular Medicine) * Charles Blattberg (University of Montreal) Paul Bloomfield (University of ) * Lawrence Blum (University of Massachusetts Boston) Christopher Bobonich (Stanford University) *Lisa Bortolotti (University of Birmingham) * Norman Bowie (University of Minnesota) Bernard Boxill (University of North Carolina) * Joseph Boyle (University of Toronto) * Ben Bradley (Syracuse University) Elizabeth Brake (University of Calgary) * Sarah Vaughn Brakman (Villanova University) * Jeffrey Brand-Ballard (George Washington University) David Braddon-Mitchell (University of Sydney) * Bob Brecher (University of Brighton) * George Brenkert (Georgetown University) Andrew Brennan (LaTrobe University) * Geoffrey Brennan (Australian National University) Samantha Brennan (University of Western Ontario) * Talbot Brewer (University of Virginia) * Harry Brighouse (University of Wisconsin) * Susan Brison () * Sarah Broadie (University of St. Andrews) * Gillian Brock (University of Auckland) () * Charlotte Brown (Illinois Wesleyan University) * Allen Buchanan (Duke University) Vittorio Bufacchi (University College Cork) * Panayot Butchvarov (University of Iowa) * Brian Butler (University of North Carolina Asheville) Lisa Cahill (Boston College) * Simon Caney (Oxford University) * Erik Carlson (Uppsula University) * Noël Carroll (City University of New York) Thomas Carson (Loyola University of Chicago) * Alan Carter (University of Glasgow) * Jonathan Chan (Hong Kong Baptist University) Ruth Chang (Rutgers University) * Andrew Chitty (University of Sussex) * Kim-chong Chong (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) Matthew Chrisman (University of Edinburgh * Thomas Christiano (University of Arizona) * Andrew Chrucky (Independent Scholar) Joanne Ciulla (University of Richmond) * Bridget Clarke (University of Montana) * C.A.J. Coady (University of Melbourne) Andrew J. Cohen (Georgia State University) * Rachel Cohon (University at Albany) * Bradford Cokelet (University of Miami) Anthony J. Connolly (Australian National University) * Gary Cook (Beloit College) * Rachel Cooper (University of Lancaster) John Corvino (Wayne State University) * Carl F. Cranor (University of California Riverside) * (New School) Laura Cremonesi (University of Pisa) * George Crowder (Flinders University) * Ann Cudd (University of Kansas) Garrett Cullity (University of Adelaide) * David Cummiskey (Bates College) * Terence Cuneo (University of Vermont) Geoffrey Cupit (Waikato University) * Adam Cureton (University of North Carolina) * Norman Daniels (Harvard University) Victoria Davion (University of Georgia) *Michael Davis (Illinois Institute of Technology) * Scott Davis (University of Richmond) Angus Dawson (Keele University) * Remy Debes (University of Memphis) * Michael DePaul (University of Notre Dame) Natalie Depraz (University of Rouen) * Penelope Deutscher (Northwestern University) * Mark Devenney (University of Brighton) James Diamond (University of Waterloo) * Wendell Dietrich (Brown University) * Robin Dillon (Lehigh University) Maria Dimova-Cookson (University of Durham) * Susan Dodds (University of Wollongong) * Tom Donaldson (University of Pennsylvania) Dale Dorsey (University of Kansas) * David J. Doukas (University of Louisville) * Jamie Dow (University of Leeds) Janice Dowell (University of Nebraska) * Nigel Dower (University of Aberdeen) * Heather Draper (University of Birmingham) Julia Driver (Washington University) * R.A. Duff (University of Stirling) * Ronald Duska (American College) Susan Dwyer (University of Maryland) * Steven D. Edwards (University of Wales Swansea) * Ben Eggleston (Kansas University) Michael Eldridge (University of North Carolina Charlotte) * Catherine Elgin (Harvard University) Anthony Ellis (Virginia Commonwealth University) * Daniel Elstein (University of Leeds) * Eyjolfur Emilsson (University of Oslo) David Enoch (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) * Richard Epstein (University of Chicago) * Christophe Erismann (University of Helsinki) J. Claude Evans (Washington University) * Cécile Fabre (University of Edinburgh) * Amy Fairchild (Columbia University) Darrell Fasching (University of South Florida Sarasota) * Paul Faulkner (University of Sheffield) * Simon Feldman (Connecticut College) Kim Ferzan (Rutgers University) * Matthew Festenstein (University of York) * Stephen Finlay (University of Southern California) John Martin Fisher (University of California Riverside) * William FitzPatrick (University of Rochester) * Owen Flanagan (Duke University) Andrew Flescher (SUNY Stony Brook) * John Forge (University of Sydney) * Michael Forster (University of Chicago) (University of New England) * Julian Franklin (Columbia University) * Chris Fraser (University of Hong Kong) Robert Frederick (Bentley College) * Gideon Freudenthal * (University of Tel Aviv) * R.G. Frey (Bowling Green State University) Marilyn Friedman (Vanderbilt) * Richard Fumerton (University of Iowa) * (University of Wisconsin River Falls) Sebastian Gardiner (University College London) * Stephen Gardiner (University of Washington) * John Gardner (Oxford University) Aaron Garrett (Boston University) * Gerald Gaus (University of Arizona) * Vincent Geoghegan (Queens University Belfast) Richard P. George (Princeton University) * Christina Gschwandtner (University of Scranton) * Joshua Gert (Florida State University) Robert Gibbs (University of Toronto) * Kevin Gibson (Marquette University) * Margaret Gilbert (University of California Irvine) Walter Glannon (University of Calgary) * Kenneth Goodpaster (St. Thomas University) * Axel Gosseries (Université catholique de Louvain) Christopher Gowans (Fordham University) * Patricia Grazebrook (Dalhousie University) * Ronald Green (Dartmouth College)\ Stuart P. Green (Rutgers University) * Robert Gressis (California State University Northside) * Jean Grondin (University of Montreal) Frank Grunert (Martin Luther Universität) * Christine Gudorf (Florida International University) * Louis M. Guenin (Harvard University) Charles Guignon (University of South Florida) * Kevin Guilfoy (Carroll University) * Paul Guyer (University of Pennsylvania) For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm

Aaron Hahn Tapper (University of San Francisco) * Raja Halwani (School of Art Institute of Chicago) * Perry Hamalis (North Central College) Espen Hammer (University of Oslo) * Alastair Hannay (University of Oslo) * Matthew Hanser (University of California Santa Barbara) Sven Ove Hansson (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm) * Adil Ahmad Haque (Rutgers University) * Edward Harcourt (Oxford University) John Hare () * Gilbert Harman (Princeton University) * John Harris (University of Manchester) Ross Harrison (Cambridge University) * Ann Hartle (Emory University) * David Haslett (University of Delaware) Nicole Hassoun (Carnegie Mellon University) * Lawrence Hatab (Old Dominion University) * Anthony Hatzimoysis (University of Manchester) Jeffrey Hause (Creighton University) * William J. Hawk ( University) * Chris Heathwood (University of Colorado) Maria Heim (Amherst College) * Kristen Hessler (SUNY Albany) * Larry Hickman (Southern Illinois University) David Hiley (University of New Hampshire) * Thomas E. Hill, Jr. (University of North Carolina) * Dien Ho (Massachusetts College of Pharmacy) Soren Holm (University of Manchester) * Jules Holroyd (Cambridge University) * Nancy Holstrom (Rutgers University) Sarah Holtman (University of Minnesota) * Brad Hooker (University of Reading) (Fundacion Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnologia) * Frances Howard-Snyder (Western Washington University) A.A. Howsepian (University of California Fresno) * Donald C. Hubin (Ohio State University) * Justin Hughes (Cardozo School of Law) Paul Hughes (University of Michigan Dearborn) * Lester Henry Hunt (University of Wisconsin) * Paul Hurley (Claremont McKenna College) Rosalind Hursthouse (University of Auckland) * Douglas Husak (Rutgers University) * Jesús Ilundáin (Linville College) P.J. Ivanhoe (City University of Hong Kong) * Frank Jackson (Princeton University) * Daniel Jacobson (University of Michigan) Dale Jacquette (University of Berne) * Aaron James (University of California Irvine) * Robert Johnson (University of Missouri) Michael Johnson-Cramer (Bucknell University) * Karen Jones (University of Melbourne) * Robert Welsh Jordan (Colorado State University) Richard Joyce (Australian National University) * David Kahane (University of Alberta) * Aline Kalbian (Florida State University) F.M Kamm (Harvard University) * David Kangas (Santa Clara University) * Elliott Karstadt (University of London) Rimon Kasher (Bar-llan University) * James Keenan (Boston College) * Simon Keller (University of Melbourne) Douglas Kellner (UCLA) * Erin Kelly (Tufts University) * Eugene Kelly (New York Institute of Technology) John Kelsay (Florida State University) * Damien Keown (University of London) * Samuel Kerstein (University of Maryland) Erkki Kilpinen (University of Helsinki) * Peter King (University of Toronto) * Simon Kirchin (University of Kent) Pauline Kleingeld (University of Leiden) * John Kleinig (City University of New York) * Michael Kochin (University of Tel Aviv) (Cambridge University) * Sharon Krause (Brown University) * Richard Kraut (Northwestern University) Uriah Kriegel (University of Arizona) * Rahul Kumar (Queens University) * Justine Lacey (University of Queensland) Anthony Laden (University of Illinois Chicago) * Henrik Lagerlund (University of Western Ontario) * Julian Lamont (University of Queensland) Iddo Landau (University of Haifa) * Raymond Langley (Manhattanville College) * Gavin Lawrence (UCLA) Seth Lazar (Oxford University) * Gabriel Richardson Lear (University of Chicago) * Michael LeBuffe (Texas A&M) Jung Lee (Northeastern University) * Steven Lee (Hobart and William Smith Colleges) * Brian Leiter (University of Chicago) George Letsas (University of London) * Andrew Levine (University of Maryland) * Neil Levy (University of Melbourne) S. Matthew Liao (New York University) * Hallvard Lillehammer (Cambridge University) * Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen (Aarhus University) Richard Lippke (University of Indiana) * David Little (Harvard Divinity School) * Clayton Littlejohn (University of Texas San Antonio) Sharon Lloyd (University of Southern California) * Don Loeb (University of Vermont) * Roderick Long (Auburn University) Brandon Look (University of Kentucky) * Robert Louden (University of Southern Maine) * Sabina Lovibond (Oxford University) Robin Lovin (Southern Methodist University) * David Luban (Georgetown University) * Mark Lucas (Longwood University) Steven Lukes (New York University) * Michael Lynch (University of Connecticut) * Robert Mabrito (North Carolina State University) Graham MacDonald (University of Canterbury) * Catriona MacKenzie (University of Macquarie) Douglas MacLean (University of North Carolina) * Heidi Maibom (Carleton University) * Brad Majors (University of Wisconsin) John Makeham (Australian National University) * Rudolf Makkreel (Emory University) * Heidi Malm (Loyola University of Chicago) Phillipa Malpas (University of Auckland) * Matteo Mameli (King's College London) * Eleni Manis (Franklin and Marshall College) Gurinder S. Mann (University of California Santa Barbara) * Jane Mansbridge (Harvard University) * Neil Manson (University of Lancaster) Patricia Marino (University of Waterloo) * Don Marquis (University of Kansas) * Rex Martin (University of Kansas) Elinor Mason (University of Edinburgh) * Michelle Mason (University of Minnesota) * Gareth Matthews (University of Massachusetts) Steve Matthews (Charles Sturt University) * Larry May (Vanderbilt University) * Simon May ( University) Todd May (Clemson University) * Justin McBrayer (Fort Lewis College) * William McBride (Purdue University) David McCabe (Colgate University) * John McCall (St. Joseph's University) * Hugh McCann (Texas A&M) Edward McClennen (Syracuse University) * Terrence McConnell (University of North Carolina Greensboro) Miriam McCormick (University of Richmond) * Howard McGary (Rutgers University) * Andrew McGonigal (University of Leeds) Sarah McGrath (Princeton University) * Joan McGregor (Arizona State University) * Sean McKeever (Davidson College) Christopher McMahon (University of California Santa Barbara) * John McMillan (Flinders University) Katie McShane (Colorado State University) * Alfred Mele (Florida State University) * Eduardo Mendieta (SUNY Stony Brook) Thaddeus Metz (University of Johannesburg) * Diana Tietjens Meyers (Loyola University of Chicago) * Alex Miller (University of Birmingham) Christian Miller (Wake Forrest University) * Richard Miller (Indiana University) * Seumas Miller (Australian National University) Charles Mills (Northwestern University) * Phillip Mitsis (New York University) * Edward Mooney (Syracuse University) Patrick Mooney (John Carroll University) * Adam Moore (University of Washington) * Adrian Moore (Oxford University) Margaret Moore (Queens University) * Ebrahim Moosa (Duke University) * Christopher Morris (University of Maryland) Stephen Morse (University of Pennsylvania) * Dean Moyar (Johns Hopkins University) * Russell Muirhead (University of Texas) For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm

Tim Mulgan (University of St. Andrews) * Amy Mullin (University of Toronto at Mississauga) * Ann Murphy (Fordham University) Colleen Murphy (Texas A&M) Christopher Meyers (California State University Bakersfield) * Terry Nardin (National University of Singapore) Michael P. Nelson (Michigan State University) * Tom Nenon (University of Memphis) * Jerome Neu (University of California Santa Cruz) Shaun Nichols (University of Arizona) * Linda Nicholson (Washington University) * Alastair J. Norcross (University of Colorado) Wayne Norman (Duke University) * Christopher Norris (Cardiff University) * Bryan Norton (Georgia Tech) Larry Nucci (University of California Berkeley) * Justin Oakley () * Julinna Oaxley (Costal Carolina University) Dan O'Brien (Oxford Brookes) * Justin O'Brien (Australian National University) * Graham Oddie (University of Colorado) Timothy O'Keefe (Georgia State University) * Jonas Olson (University of Stockholm) * John O'Neill (University of Manchester) Bernt Osterman (University of Helsinki) * Søren Overgaard (University of Copenhagen) * Gerhard Øverland (University of Melbourne) David Owens (University of Sheffield) * (Washington University) * Joshua Parens (University of Dallas) James Pattison (University of the West of England) * Paul Patton (University of New South Wales) * Stanley Paulson (Washington University) Priscilla Pedersen (St. Francis College) * David Pellauer (DePaul University) * Terrence Penner (University of Wisconsin) Roy Perrett (University of Hawaii) * (Princeton University) * Charles Pigden (University of Otago) Sami Pihlstrom (University of Helsinki) * Andrew Piker (Texas A&M Corpus Christi) * Terry Pinkard (Georgetown University) Anne Pollok (University of South Carolina) * Stephen Pope (Boston College) * Douglas Portmore (Arizona State University) Anthony Price (University of London) * Igor Primoratz (University of Melbourne) * Michael S. Pritchard (Western Michigan University)\ Wlodek Rabinowicz (Lund University) * Ljiljana Radenovic (University of York) * Tara Radin (University of Pennsylvania) Linda Radzik (Texas A&M) * Julie Anne Ragatz (American College) * George Rainbolt (Georgia State University) Marcel Ramsay (Academic University, CA) * Oliver Rauprich (Ruhr-University Bochum) * Andrews Reath (University of California Riverside) Bernard Reginster (Brown University) * Gregory M. Reichberg (Univesity of Oslo) * David Reidy (University of Tennessee) * Jeffrey Reiman (American University) * Andrew Reisner (McGill University) * David Resnick (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) Rosamond Rhodes (Mount Sinai Medical School) * Norvin Richards (University of Alabama) * Henry S. Richardson (Georgetown University) Michael Ridge (University of Edinburgh) * Arthur Ripstein (University of Toronto) * Melinda Roberts (College of New Jersey) Robert Roberts (Baylor University) * Luke Robinson (Southern Methodist University) * Kenneth Rodman (Colby College) Wendy Rogers (Macquarie University) * Holmes Rolston III (Colorado State University) * Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen (University of Lund) Joel Rosenthal (Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs) * (University of Miami) Bruce Russell (Wayne State University) * John Russon (University of Guelph) * Alan Ryan (Oxford University) Cheyney Ryan (University of Oregon) * Donald Saari (University of California Irvine) * Brook Sadler (University of South Florida) Mark Sagoff (University of Maryland) * Joakim Sandberg (University of Birmingham) * Ronald L. Sandler (Northeastern University) Gerasimos Santas (University of California Irvine) * Geoffrey Sayre-McCord (University of North Carolina) Richard Schacht (University of Illinois) * Tamar Schapiro (Stanford University) * Frederick Schauer (Harvard University) (University of Arizona) * Jonathan Schofer (Harvard Divinity School) * Mark Schroeder (University of Southern California) Peter Schroeder (University of London) * William Schroeder (University of Illinois) * G.F. Schueler (University of Delaware) Udo Schuklenk (Queen's University) * (University of Chicago) * William Schweiker (University of Chicago) Danny Scoccia (New Mexico State University) * Jonathan Seglow (University of London) * Scott Sehon (Bowdoin College) Michael Seidler (Western Kentucky University) * Charlene Haddock Seigfried (Purdue University) Michael Selgelid (Australian National University) * Stefan Sencerz (Texas A&M Corpus Christi) * Rob Shaver (University of Manitoba) David Shaw (University of Glasgow) * David Sherman (University of Montana) * Susan Sherwood (Dalhousie University) Ken Shockley (University of Buffalo) * David Shoemaker (Bowling Green State University) * Kwong-loi Shun (City University of Hong Kong) Hugh Silverman (SUNY Stony Brook) * Peter Simons (Trinity College Dublin) * Jane Singer (University of Iowa) Rachel Singpurwalla (University of Maryland) * Anthony Skelton (University of Western Ontario) * Robin Small (University of Auckland) Angela Smith (University of Washington) * Daniel Smith (Purdue University) * Holly Smith (Rutgers University) Andrew Sneddon (University of Ottawa) * Nancy Snow (Marquette University) * Jeremy Snyder (Simon Fraser University) David Sobel (University of Nebraska) * Brent Sockness (Stanford University) * Roy Sorensen (Washington University) Robert Sparrow (Monash University) * Aaron Stalnaker (Indiana University) * Tim Stanton (University of York) Lance Stell (Davidson College) * Jan Steutel (University of Amsterdam) * Mary Lyn Stoll (University of Southern Indiana) Caj Strandberg (Lund University) * Philip Stratton-Lake (University of Reading) * Sharon Street (New York University) Carson Strong (University of Tennessee Medical School) * Jussi Suikkanen (University of Reading) * L. Wayne Sumner (University of Toronto) David Sussman (University of Illinois) * Christine Swanton (University of Auckland) * William Sweet (St. Francis Xavier University) Adam Swift (Oxford University) * Kok-chor Tan (University of Pennsylvania) * Jerrold Tannenbaum (University of California Davis) Christine Tappolet (University of Montreal) * Gabriele Taylor (Oxford University) * James Stacy Taylor (College of New Jersey) Larry Temkin (Rutgers University) * Henk ten Have (UNESCO) * Sergio Tenenbaum (University of Toronto) Folke Tersman (University of Stockholm) * Lorella Terzi (Roehampton University) * Fernando Teson (Florida State University) Alan Thomas (University of Kent) * Laurence Thomas (University of Syracuse) * Paul Thompson (Michigan State University) Katherine Thomson-Jones (Oberlin College) * Valerie Tiberius (University of Minnesota) * Evan Tiffany (Simon Fraser University) Mark Timmons (University of Arizona) * Lynne Tirrell (University of Massachusetts Boston) * Neal Tognazzini (William and Mary) Christopher Tollefsen (University of South Carolina) * Rosemarie Tong (University of North Carolina Charlotte) Michael Tooley (University of Colorado) * Teemu Toppinen (University of Helsinki) * Peter Tramel (United States Military Academy) Jon Tresan (University of Florida) * Greg Trianosky (California State University Northside) * Roger Trigg (Oxford University) For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm

Elliot Turriel (University of California Berkeley) * Sumner B. Twiss (Florida State University) * Suzanne Uniacke (University of Hull) Andrew Valls (Oregon State University) * Bert van der Brink (University of Utrecht) * Mark van Roojen (University of Nebraska) Peter Vanderschraaf (Boston University) * Christopher Vecsey (Colgate University) * Bruno Verbeek (University of Leiden) Marcel Verweij (Utrech University) * Steve Viner (Middlebury College) * Candace Vogler (University of Chicago) Eugene Volokh (University of California at Los Angeles) * Mark Vopat (Youngstown State) Peter Vranas (University of Wisconsin) * John Vucetich (Michigan Tech University) * Robert Wachbroit (University of Maryland) Sandra Waddock (Boston College) * Rudolph Wagner (University of Heidelberg) * William Wainright (University of Wisconsin) James Wallace (University of Illinois) * Adrian Walsh (University of New England, AU) * Julie Walsh (University of Western Ontario) Douglas N. Walton (University of Windsor) * Richard Warner (Chicago-Kant School of Law) David Wasserman (University of Maryland) * Gary Watson (University of Southern California) * Darlene Weaver (Villanova University) Jonathan Webber (University of Wales Cardiff) * Michael Weber (Bowling Green State University) * John Weckert (Charles Sturt University) Ralph Wedgwood (Oxford University) * Paul Weirich (University of Missouri) * Christopher Heath Wellman (Washington University) W. Bradley Wendel () * Patricia Werhane (DePaul University) * William Werpehowski (Villanova University) Caroline West (University of Sydney) * Henry West (Macalaster College) * Stuart White (Oxford University) Jen Whiting (University of Toronto) * Mark Wicclair (University of Pittsburgh) * Robert Wicks (University of Auckland) Robert Williams (University of Illinois Chicago) * Clark Wolf (Iowa State University) * David Wong (Duke University) Allen Wood (Stanford University) * Robert Wood (University of Dallas) * Paul Woodruff (University of Texas) Charles Young (Claremont Graduate University) * Dan Zahavi (University of Copenhagen) Aaron Zimmerman (University of California Santa Barbara) * David Zimmerman (Simon Fraser University) Michael Zimmerman (University of North Carolina Greensboro) * Brook Ziporyn (Northwestern University) Benjamin Zipursky (Fordham University)

For more information and updates, please visit Hugh LaFollette’s IEE website at: http://www.hughlafollette.com/IEE.htm