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Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia List of Commanders of the LTTE
4/29/2016 List of commanders of the LTTE Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia List of commanders of the LTTE From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The following is a list of commanders of theLiberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), also known as the Tamil Tigers, a separatist militant Tamil nationalist organisation, which operated in northern and eastern Sri Lanka from late 1970s to May 2009, until it was defeated by the Sri Lankan Military.[1][2] Date & Place Date & Place Nom de Guerre Real Name Position(s) Notes of Birth of Death Thambi (used only by Velupillai 26 November 1954 19 May Leader of the LTTE Prabhakaran was the supreme closest associates) and Prabhakaran † Velvettithurai 2009(aged 54)[3][4][5] leader of LTTE, which waged a Anna (elder brother) Vellamullivaikkal 25year violent secessionist campaign in Sri Lanka. His death in Nanthikadal lagoon,Vellamullivaikkal,Mullaitivu, brought an immediate end to the Sri Lankan Civil War. Pottu Amman alias Shanmugalingam 1962 18 May 2009 Leader of Tiger Pottu Amman was the secondin Papa Oscar alias Sivashankar † Nayanmarkaddu[6] (aged 47) Organization Security command of LTTE. His death was Sobhigemoorthyalias Kailan Vellamullivaikkal Intelligence Service initially disputed because the dead (TOSIS) and Black body was not found. But in Tigers October 2010,TADA court judge K. Dakshinamurthy dropped charges against Amman, on the Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, accepting the CBI's report on his demise.[7][8] Selvarasa Shanmugam 6 April 1955 Leader of LTTE since As the chief arms procurer since Pathmanathan (POW) Kumaran Kankesanthurai the death of the origin of the organisation, alias Kumaran Tharmalingam Prabhakaran. -
Preparatory Survey Report on Rehabilitation of Kilinochchi Water Supply Scheme in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE BOARD (NWSDB) PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON REHABILITATION OF KILINOCHCHI WATER SUPPLY SCHEME IN DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA DECEMBER 2011 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) NJS CONSULTANTS CO.,LTD GED JR 11-191 The cost estimates is based on the price level and exchange rate of June 2011. The exchange rate is: Sri Lanka Rupee 1.00 = Japanese Yen 0.749 (= US$0.00897) DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE BOARD (NWSDB) PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON REHABILITATION OF KILINOCHCHI WATER SUPPLY SCHEME IN DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA DECEMBER 2011 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) NJS CONSULTANTS CO.,LTD Preface Japan International cooperation Agency (JICA) decided to conduct ‘The Preparatory Survey on Rehabilitation of Killinochchi Water Supply Scheme in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka”, and organized a survey team, NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. between February, 2011 to December, 2011. The survey team held a series of discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Sri Lanka, and conducted a field investigation. As a result of further studies in Japan, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will continue to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement to the friendly relations between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of Sri Lanka for their close cooperation extended to the survey team. December, 2011 Shinya Ejima Director General Global Environment Department Japan International Cooperation Agency Summary 1. -
Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera
University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 12-1-2012 Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Waidyasekera, Deepthi Lekani, "Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 668. https://commons.und.edu/theses/668 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT-INDUCED INTERNALLY DISPLACED POPULATION IN THE PUTTALAM DISTRICT OF SRI LANKA FROM 1980 TO 2012 by Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Bachelor of Arts, University of Sri Jayawardanapura,, Sri Lanka, 1986 Master of Science, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2001 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota In partial fulfilment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2012 Copyright 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera ii PERMISSION Title Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Department Geography Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of the University shall make it freely available for inspection. -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: 3 8 147 - LK PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A Public Disclosure Authorized PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 21.7 MILLION (US$32 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA FOR A PUTTALAM HOUSING PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized JANUARY 24,2007 Sustainable Development South Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective December 13,2006) Currency Unit = Sri Lankan Rupee 108 Rupees (Rs.) = US$1 US$1.50609 = SDR 1 FISCAL YEAR January 1 - December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank LTF Land Task Force AG Auditor General LTTE Liberation Tigers ofTamil Eelam CAS Country Assistance Strategy NCB National Competitive Bidding CEB Ceylon Electricity Board NGO Non Governmental Organization CFAA Country Financial Accountability Assessment NEIAP North East Irrigated Agriculture Project CQS Selection Cased on Consultants Qualifications NEHRP North East Housing Reconstruction Program CSIA Continuous Social Impact Assessment NPA National Procurement Agency CSP Camp Social Profile NPV Not Present Value CWSSP Community Water Supply and Sanitation NWPEA North Western Provincial Environmental Act Project DMC District Monitoring Committees NWPRD NorthWest Provincial Roads Department -
Galle District 8 – 14 August 2005
No.6 WEEKLY HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW – GALLE DISTRICT 8 – 14 AUGUST 2005 HIGHLIGHTS Kurier Aid Austria launch their housing construction programme of 110 houses in Thuduwegoda Village, Hikkaduwa on August 5, and a Foundation Stone Laying Ceremony for 150 houses in Kathaluwa, Hikkaduwa on Sunday, August 14. Humanitarian Information Centre (HIC) in Galle District, providing information management services and GIS (Geographic Information System) mapping for the District Government and the humanitarian community in Galle District, and Matara and Hambantota districts. A visit to Galle by the Humanitarian Operations Advisor from the Office of the UN Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery and the Evaluation Advisor and Coordinator for the Tsunami Evaluation Coalition (TEC). HOUSING AND SHELTER bedrooms on the upper level. The idea of a township has also been considered whereby the residents will On Friday, August 5, Kurier Aid Austria celebrated a also have facilities to several shops, a playground, ‘kick-off’ event with more than 400 people of and a community hall. The project is planned to be Hikkaduwa and its surrounding neighbourhoods to completed within 8 – 10 months timeframe. begin one of its four big housing projects in the Southern Province. Kurier Aid Austria (KAA) was founded by the Austrian Daily Newspaper “KURIER”, the Austrian Raiffeisen BankingGroup, the National Association of Construction Industry, the Insurance Company UNIQA, and the Austrian Red Cross, as a non-profit association to support the tsunami affected population in Sri Lanka after the tsunami disaster end of December. Consequently, Austrian families and private companies raised funds worth more than 10 Million Euros. The main concern for the KAA is to provide new houses for the many families who have lost their homes, and through extensive media coverage in the Kurier newspaper, the people of Austria have agreed to expand the funds to provide infrastructure input and economic, social and cultural support on a long term basis. -
Part 5: List of Annexes
PART 5: LIST OF ANNEXES Annex 1: Letter of Endorsement Annex 2: Site Description and Maps Annex 3: Climate change Vulnerability and Adaptation Summary Annex 4: Incremental Cost Analysis Annex 5: Stakeholder Involvement Plan Annex 6: List of contacts Annex 7: Socioeconomic Status Report Annex 8: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan Annex 9: Bibliography Annex 10: Logical Framework Analysis Annex 11: Response to STAP Review Annex 12: Letter of Commitment- Coast Conservation Department Annex 13: Letter of Commitment- Ministry of Environment Annex 14: Letter of Commitment- International Fund for Agricultural Development _________________________________________________________________________________________________51 Tsunami Coastal Restoration in Eastern Sri Lanka Annex 2: Site Description and Maps Preamble The project is designed for the restoration and rehabilitation of coastal ecosystems. The initial emphasis of this five-year project will be on developing a scientifically based, low-cost, community-based approach to rehabilitating key coastal ecosystems at specific sites in the East Coast and facilitating replication of these techniques all along the East Coast (and in due course other tsunami-affected coasts). Three sites representing three major ecosystems – mangroves, coastal lagoons, and sand dunes –have been identified for piloting these themes. The selection was based on outputs from the Threats Analysis and the following criteria. 1. Hotspot analysis: sites where the tsunami effect was severe on the ecosystems and post tsunami reconstructions are in progress, global/national biodiversity importance exist, concentration of various resource users and their high dependency over the available resources exist and user conflicts exist. 2. Accessibility: accessibility by road was a criterion for selecting pilot sites 3. Absence of ongoing management and monitoring projects: sites at which on-going projects have not being considered for selection 4. -
Preliminary Investigation on Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease: a New Disease in Southern Sri Lanka
Preliminary Investigation on Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease: A New Disease in Southern Sri Lanka H.T.R. Wijesekara*, L. Perera, I.R. Wickramananda, I. Herath, M.K. Meegahakumbura, W.B.S. Fernando and P.H.P.R. de Silva, Coconut Research Institute, Bandirippuwa Estate, Lunuwila 61150. * corresponding author, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT An unusual yellowing of leaflets in coconut palms in the Galle, Hambantota and Matara districts in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka was observed in late 2006. The symptoms associated with affected palms are flattening and downward bending of leaflets, yellowing of lower fronds followed by drying of leaflets starting from the margins. Symptoms resemble that of Kerala wilt disease in India. This condition was first reported from Weligama in Matara district and, hence called the "Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease" (WCLWD). Analysis of nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaflets of affected and healthy palms revealed that, yellowing of leaflets has no relationship with nutrients. DNA extracts of bud leaves subjected to Nested PCR with phytoplasma specific primer pair combinations R16F2n / R16R2 with rU3 / fU5 and R16mF2 /R16R2 with fU5 /rU3 yielded an amplification of 773 base pair product in 3 of 24 palms tested. Sequencing of the PCR product confirmed phytoplasma as the causative agent of WCLWD. The sequence of the WCLWD was compared with the phytoplasma sequences deposited in the NCBI database and WCLWD sequence was found to be 98% similar to sugarcane grassy shoot phytoplasma and sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma. Apart from WCLWD, another fungal disease of coconut leaf rot disease was also observed in the same locations, sometimes in the same palm. -
Urban Transport System Development Project for Colombo Metropolitan Region and Suburbs
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS URBAN TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORTS AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY EI ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. JR 14-142 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS URBAN TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORTS AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS Technical Report No. 1 Analysis of Current Public Transport AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS Technical Report No. 1 Analysis on Current Public Transport TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Railways ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 History of Railways in Sri Lanka .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Railway Lines in Western Province .............................................................................................. 5 1.3 Train Operation ............................................................................................................................ -
Justice Delayed, Justice Denied? the Search for Accountability for Alleged Wartime Atrocities Committed in Sri Lanka
Pace International Law Review Volume 33 Issue 2 Spring 2021 Article 3 May 2021 Justice Delayed, Justice Denied? The Search for Accountability for Alleged Wartime Atrocities Committed in Sri Lanka Aloka Wanigasuriya University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, International Humanitarian Law Commons, International Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Aloka Wanigasuriya, Justice Delayed, Justice Denied? The Search for Accountability for Alleged Wartime Atrocities Committed in Sri Lanka, 33 Pace Int'l L. Rev. 219 (2021) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/pilr/vol33/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace International Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JUSTICE DELAYED, JUSTICE DENIED? THE SEARCH FOR ACCOUNTABILITY FOR ALLEGED WARTIME ATROCITIES COMMITTED IN SRI LANKA Aloka Wanigasuriya* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction .......................................................................... 221 II. National Action ..................................................................... 223 A. National Mechanisms............................................... 223 1. Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka (HRCSL) .............................................................. -
Sri Lanka Anketell Final
The Silence of Sri Lanka’s Tamil Leaders on Accountability for War Crimes: Self- Preservation or Indifference? Niran Anketell 11 May 2011 A ‘wikileaked’ cable of 15 January 2010 penned by Patricia Butenis, U.S Ambassador to Sri Lanka, entitled ‘SRI LANKA WAR-CRIMES ACCOUNTABILITY: THE TAMIL PERSPECTIVE’, suggested that Tamils within Sri Lanka are more concerned about economic and social issues and political reform than about pursuing accountability for war crimes. She also said that there was an ‘obvious split’ between diaspora Tamils and Tamils within Sri Lanka on how and when to address the issue of accountability. Tamil political leaders for their part, notably those from the Tamil National Alliance (TNA), had made no public remarks on the issue of accountability until 18 April 2011, when they welcomed the UN Secretary-General’s Expert Panel report on accountability in Sri Lanka. That silence was observed by some as an indication that Tamils in Sri Lanka have not prioritised the pursuit of accountability to the degree that their diaspora counterparts have. At a panel discussion on Sri Lanka held on 10 February 2011 in Washington D.C., former Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asia, Donald Camp, cited the Butenis cable to argue that the United States should shift its focus from one of pursuing accountability for war abuses to ‘constructive engagement’ with the Rajapakse regime. Camp is not alone. There is significant support within the centres of power in the West that a policy of engagement with Colombo is a better option than threatening it with war crimes investigations and prosecutions. -
Update UNHCR/CDR Background Paper on Sri Lanka
NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS HAUT COMMISSARIAT HIGH COMMISSIONER POUR LES REFUGIES FOR REFUGEES BACKGROUND PAPER ON REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS FROM Sri Lanka UNHCR CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH GENEVA, JUNE 2001 THIS INFORMATION PAPER WAS PREPARED IN THE COUNTRY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS UNIT OF UNHCR’S CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND COMMENT, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNHCR STATISTICAL UNIT. ALL SOURCES ARE CITED. THIS PAPER IS NOT, AND DOES NOT, PURPORT TO BE, FULLY EXHAUSTIVE WITH REGARD TO CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRY SURVEYED, OR CONCLUSIVE AS TO THE MERITS OF ANY PARTICULAR CLAIM TO REFUGEE STATUS OR ASYLUM. ISSN 1020-8410 Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS.............................................................................................................................. 3 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... 4 2 MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN SRI LANKA SINCE MARCH 1999................ 7 3 LEGAL CONTEXT...................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 International Legal Context ................................................................................................. 17 3.2 National Legal Context........................................................................................................ 19 4 REVIEW OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION............................................................... -
Water Management Problems Related Major Reservoirs and Irrigation Systems in Polonnaruwa District, Sri Lanka
South Florida Journal of Development, Miami, v.1, n.4, p. 295-304, oct./dec. 2020. ISSN 2675-5459 Water management problems related major reservoirs and irrigation systems in Polonnaruwa District, Sri lanka DOI: 10.46932/sfjdv1n4-013 Received in: August 1st, 2020 Accepted in: September 30th, 2020 Ranjana U K Piyadasa Department of Environmental Technology, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka E-mail: [email protected] Senarathne S.R.Achala.S. Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Water is a scarce resource in the dry zone of Sri Lanka and it is a major problem faced by the cultivators in the area. Since their cultivations totally depend on irrigation water every possible effort should be put in order to optimize the water usage to achieve increased crop production. Recent reports on water management activities of several irrigation schemes in the Dry Zone indicates, that the water distribution is not meeting the demands of farmers in terms of adequacy, reliability and timelines. Further it was said that there is considerable potential to increase paddy field in this system through improved irrigation water management, especially by efficient irrigation scheduling. The study intends to find out the annual statement of reservoir replenishment and behaviour is monthly analysed about reservoirs condition by Irrigation Department and recorded below data to statements for the water – year ending the month by month in orderly. It includes rainfall on catchment, area irrigated, water area, yield from catchment, issues from sluices, discharge over spills, change in reservoir storage, vapour-seepage loss, reservoir storage, depth at lowest sluice.