Galle District 8 – 14 August 2005
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Preliminary Investigation on Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease: a New Disease in Southern Sri Lanka
Preliminary Investigation on Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease: A New Disease in Southern Sri Lanka H.T.R. Wijesekara*, L. Perera, I.R. Wickramananda, I. Herath, M.K. Meegahakumbura, W.B.S. Fernando and P.H.P.R. de Silva, Coconut Research Institute, Bandirippuwa Estate, Lunuwila 61150. * corresponding author, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT An unusual yellowing of leaflets in coconut palms in the Galle, Hambantota and Matara districts in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka was observed in late 2006. The symptoms associated with affected palms are flattening and downward bending of leaflets, yellowing of lower fronds followed by drying of leaflets starting from the margins. Symptoms resemble that of Kerala wilt disease in India. This condition was first reported from Weligama in Matara district and, hence called the "Weligama Coconut Leaf Wilt Disease" (WCLWD). Analysis of nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaflets of affected and healthy palms revealed that, yellowing of leaflets has no relationship with nutrients. DNA extracts of bud leaves subjected to Nested PCR with phytoplasma specific primer pair combinations R16F2n / R16R2 with rU3 / fU5 and R16mF2 /R16R2 with fU5 /rU3 yielded an amplification of 773 base pair product in 3 of 24 palms tested. Sequencing of the PCR product confirmed phytoplasma as the causative agent of WCLWD. The sequence of the WCLWD was compared with the phytoplasma sequences deposited in the NCBI database and WCLWD sequence was found to be 98% similar to sugarcane grassy shoot phytoplasma and sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma. Apart from WCLWD, another fungal disease of coconut leaf rot disease was also observed in the same locations, sometimes in the same palm. -
Hambanthota District
MAP 3303 A: GN DIVISIONS OF SOORIYAWEWA DS DIVISION, HAMBANTOTA DISTRICT. (112) OVERLAYED WITH DEPENDANCY RATIO - 2012 (Percentage of Age less than15 & over 60 Population) Hambegamuwa Colony 149/1, 1969 Bodagama Hambegamuwa la 147D, 1768 149, 2401 Us ga N Kumaragama 3 " B , 91 0 148 ' 5 2 ° 6 a Niyandagala Veheragala 7 m Weliara 9 Nikawewa a 46, 326 3 Thanamalv147iB,l 8a17 g 149G/1, 933 6 a Sooriyaara l , i A DSD p 148, 2205 9 u t ´ Habaraluwewa 4 a 1 Samagipura K 149E, 2609 149G, 1781 Angunakolawewa 45, 271 N " 0 2 ' 3 a Lunugamvehera 2 m ° a 4 g 1 6 i 3 in 3 Mahagalwewa DSD m , u /1 h Maha Aluth Gam t A 101, 1225 u 9 Punchiwewa Ara 47, 830 4 Sevanagala Kiri lbbanwewa M 1 149E/1, 4717 149E/2, 3051 149G/2, 693 Ihala Kumbukwewa 100, 578 Sevanagala Meegahajadura DSD N " 0 Meegaha Jabura 4 ' 1 102, 1278 2 ° 6 Indikolapelessa Mattala 149B/2, 1502 48, 769 Nugegalayaya Moraketiya Junction - 149F/ 1, 3433 Embilipitiya Bahirawa 149B/1, 1662 Ranmuduwewa Habarugala 099, 1098 M 2 149F, 5410 1 o 4 r a C N k " , e 0 Weliwewa ' 4 t 0 1 i y 2 098, 1184 7 ° a 6 8 a Habarattawela l a t t 149/B/3, 3106 0 a Samajasewapura 5 H M 8 , a 105, 2657 a l l 9 a 2 m 4 1 il Suravirugama h 6 l Hathporuwa a B ak 104, 2556 P , et 25 iya 78 Mahagama Weeriyagama Sooriyawewa 149B, 3100 115, 2016 Town 103, 4093 Elalla N " 0 Suriyawewa 97, 1326 2 ' Thunkama 8 1 216, 5455 ° 6 Andarawewa a Mahawelikada Hathporuwa 2 w 0 e 114, 2622 Aliolu Ara 2 Ara 111, 2115 Mattala w 2 e 113, 2159 , Interchange d 2 d 1 e 1 Hagala B Andarawewa 216A, 4509 Andarawewa Interchange N " Sooriyawewa -
The Case of Sri Lanka
June 2015 PLANNED RELOCATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF NATURAL DISASTERS : THE CASE OF S RI LANKA AUTHORED BY: Ranmini Vithanagama Alikhan Mohideen Danesh Jayatilaka Rajith Lakshman Centre for Migration Research and Development Planned Relocations in Sri LankaColombo, Sri Lanka Page i Planned Relocations in Sri Lanka Page ii The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings research are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. Support for this publication was generously provided by The John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence, and impact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment. 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 www.brookings.edu © 2015 Brookings Institution Front Cover Photograph: Resettlement housing in Kananke Watta, Sri Lanka (Danesh Jayatilaka, March 2015). Planned Relocations in Sri Lanka Page iii THE AUTHORS The Centre for Migration Research and Development is a nonprofit company based in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Its purpose is to build knowledge and understanding of the interaction between migration and development, especially in the context of Sri Lanka. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This case study was carried out at the request of the Brookings-LSE Project on Internal Displacement to be used in preparing for the expert consultation on Planned Relocations, Disasters, and Climate Change to be held in 2015. -
District Secretariat - Matara
කායය සාධන වාතාව සහ - 2012 ெசயதிற அறிைக, கண - 2012 Performance Report & Accounts - 2012 ස් ෙක කායාලය - මාතර மாவட ெசயலக - மாதைற District Secretariat - Matara Content 1 Message of the District Secretary 1 2. Introduction of the District Secretariat 2-3 3 Introduction of the District 4-15 4 Organizational Structure and Approved Cadre 15-17 5 Performance – Comparison with action plan 18-57 5.1 Progress of General Administration Activities 18-26 5.2 Progress of Social Servicers and Cultural 27-31 5.3 Progress of Development Activities 31-47 5.4 Annual Accounts 48-57 0 Performance Report and Accounts of District Secretariat of Matara for the year 2012 1. Message from District Secretary As the guardian of the district, it is my responsibility to plan and implement policies needed for the development of Matara district and obtain utmost benefits through that process. I highly appreciate this opportunity in issuing a message for this report by which the standard of the service provided to the general public is measured and targets of service planning expected to be achieve in the year 2013. State policies have featured that most of services provided by the government in order to upgrade the living standard of the low income families are provided and many development projects are carried out through District Secretariat and Divisional Secretariats. Public trust will be ensured by publishing details of performance of these activities and services and people contribution to the development process could be promoted. According to the annual budget, in the process of utilizing financial resources allocated within the year 2012, performance of financial operations of District Secretariat, 16 Divisional Secretariats, 650 Grama Niladari divisions and line ministries including Economic Development and Disaster Management is included in this report. -
Chapter 3 Water Supply Conditions and Water Usage
Chapter 3 Water Supply Conditions and Water Usage CHAPTER 3 WATER SUPPLY CONDITIONS AND WATER USAGE 3.1 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SCHEME In Hambantota district, the monthly production amount is 822,250 m3 (the surface water is main source), which is only 3% of the total production amount of whole Sri Lanka. In Monaragala district, the monthly production amount is less than that of Hambantota. In the Study area, 30 water supply schemes are operated by NWSDB and local administrative organization (Pradeshiya Sabha). These schemes supply water to about 234,000 people in both districts. 3.1.1 HAMBANTOTA DISTRICT In Hambantota district, 19 water supply schemes are operated by NWSDB. The local authorities of Pradeshiya Sabha operate two water supply schemes. Total population served by these water supply schemes is at least 170,851, which corresponds to 33% of the total population of Hambantota district. There are five schemes sourcing water by wells and two schemes sourcing water by springs with partial treatment. These schemes depend on groundwater sources. The groundwater covers only 10% of total population supplied water by schemes. The locations of water supply schemes in the Hambantota district are shown in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.2 shows the coverage rate by water supply schemes at each GND. In Hambantota district, the covered area is mainly distributed along the coastal area and west part of the district. 3.1.2 MONARAGALA DISTRICT In Monaragala district, six water supply schemes are operated by NWSDB. The local authorities of Pradeshiya Sabha operate three schemes. Total population served by these water supply schemes is at least 63,394, which corresponds to 16% of the total population of Monaragala district. -
Spatial Variability of Rainfall Trends in Sri Lanka from 1989 to 2019 As an Indication of Climate Change
International Journal of Geo-Information Article Spatial Variability of Rainfall Trends in Sri Lanka from 1989 to 2019 as an Indication of Climate Change Niranga Alahacoon 1,2,* and Mahesh Edirisinghe 1 1 Department of Physics, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka; [email protected] 2 International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 127, Sunil Mawatha, Pelawatte, Colombo 10120, Sri Lanka * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Analysis of long-term rainfall trends provides a wealth of information on effective crop planning and water resource management, and a better understanding of climate variability over time. This study reveals the spatial variability of rainfall trends in Sri Lanka from 1989 to 2019 as an indication of climate change. The exclusivity of the study is the use of rainfall data that provide spatial variability instead of the traditional location-based approach. Henceforth, daily rainfall data available at Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation corrected with stations (CHIRPS) data were used for this study. The geographic information system (GIS) is used to perform spatial data analysis on both vector and raster data. Sen’s slope estimator and the Mann–Kendall (M–K) test are used to investigate the trends in annual and seasonal rainfall throughout all districts and climatic zones of Sri Lanka. The most important thing reflected in this study is that there has been a significant increase in annual rainfall from 1989 to 2019 in all climatic zones (wet, dry, intermediate, and Semi-arid) of Sri Lanka. The maximum increase is recorded in the wet zone and the minimum increase is in the semi-arid zone. -
Sri Lanka's Sinhalisation Politics Toward Its Muslim Minority
Südasien-Chronik - South Asia Chronicle 3/2013, S. 161-182 © Südasien-Seminar der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ISBN: 978-3-86004-295-3 Buddhist Zion: Sri Lanka’s Sinhalisation Politics toward its Muslim Minority THOMAS K. GUGLER [email protected] Introduction Sri Lanka’s current population is around 21 million people. With approximately ten percent of them being Muslims, Islam constitutes the third most dominant religion in the country. Muslims mostly concentrate in three areas: the coastal areas in the North-East and in and around Galle and Colombo. In 2009, 70 percent of Sri Lanka’s Muslims lived below the poverty line (one US-Dollar per day) and ten percent lived in refugee camps. The present paper aims to briefly sketch the currently increasing conflicts between Sri Lankan Muslims and the authoritarian Buddhist state before going on to introduce the plurality of Islam(s) on the island. The end of the war in 2009 offered an opportunity for the strongly centralised state to recognise the multi-ethnic and poly-religious character of the country and to overcome the confinement of nation 161 building projects to the Sinhala nation. However, the regime of president Mahinda Rajapaksa – with three of his brothers appointed Defence Secretary, Minister of Economic Development and Speaker of Parliament respectively – failed to adequately address legitimate Tamil and Muslim grievances. Furthermore, a dangerous politics of Sinhalisation and militarisation motivated by an interpretation of the ethnic conflict began to unfold. This was accompanied by a framing of the question of minority rights as a terrorist problem to be dealt with in the way of the ‘War on Terror’. -
Locating the Poor: Spatially Disaggregated Poverty Maps for Sri Lanka
Research Report 96 Locating the Poor: Spatially Disaggregated Poverty Maps for Sri Lanka Upali A. Amarasinghe, Madar Samad and Markandu Anputhas International Water Management Institute P O Box 2075, Colombo, Sri Lanka i IWMI receives its principal funding from 58 governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations known as the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Support is also given by the Governments of Ghana, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The authors: Upali A. Amarasinghe, Madar Samad, and Markandu Anputhas are Senior Researcher, Principal Researcher, and Research Officer, respectively, of the International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka. This study, as part of the joint initiative of poverty mapping by FAO, UNEP and CGIAR, was supported by the Government of Norway. The authors appreciate the valuable comments of both Dr. Norbert Henninger of WRI and Dr. Hugh Turral of IWMI; the support extended by various staff members of the Census and Statistics Department and the Samurdhi Authority of Sri Lanka for data collection; and the staff of the IWMI Remote Sensing/GIS unit for various software inputs of the Geographic Information System. Amarasinghe, U. A.; Samad, M.; Anputhas, M. 2005. Locating the poor: Spatially disaggregated poverty maps for Sri Lanka. Research Report 96. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute. /poverty / mapping / analysis / estimation / households / employment / irrigation programs / rain / water availability / Sri Lanka/ ISSN 1026-0862 ISBN 92-9090-617-0 Copyright © 2005, by IWMI. All rights reserved. Cover map shows the spatial variation of the percentage of poor households below the poverty line across Divisional Secretariat divisions in Sri Lanka except those in the Northern and Eastern provinces. -
Annual Performance Report & Accounts
Annual Performance Report & Accounts - 2018 District Secretariat - Hambantota Thanks…! “All the head of institutions & divisions of district secretariat who gave the required details to prepare this book and all those who Supported for this endeavor. Prepaired By: District Planning Secretariat Hambantota. Vision "An excellent public service through an efficient district administration" Mission "To ensure a sustainable development in the district through proper resource management and coordination according to the public policy fulfilling people's needs efficiently and fairly in a just and cordial manner.” Table of Contents 1. The Massage from District Secretary ..................................................................................................... 1 2. District Map ............................................................................................................................................ 2 3. Organization Chart ................................................................................................................................. 3 4. Details of the Approved Cadre ............................................................................................................... 4 5. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 5 6. Basic Statistical Information in the District ............................................................................................ 9 7. Establishment Branch -
Matara District
MAP 3203 A: GN DIVISIONS OF PITABEDDARA DS DIVISION, MATARA DISTRICT. (96) OVERLAYED WITH DEPENDANCY RATIO - 2012 (Percentage of Age less than15 & over 60 Population) Hapugoda Mavita East BaBatuuwawngalangala a K2o3sw2Aat, t1a016 West 233A, 817 E h Tha am 199A, 1362 232G, 538 elap mbalag Neluwa itiy 38 Neluwa 23 a 234D , 2 Warukandeniya na 3C, a PothupitiyaKalawa P 71 t South 200B, 889 M 232, 1197 5 e 2 a u g 234C, 679 3 a ad 3 Kandilpana 1 w h M Batuwangala M 5 Lankagama SD , D a a a 3 1 n , l d 233, 886 34 Kiriweldola 241H, 3159 0 a 2 a d 2 1 n e 9 2 g a 3 M 3 a 241A, 1916 3 3 F m Lankagama B a , a N d Happitiya M , 6 E " d 2 a 234A, 654 0 2 e 6 3 s e t 234B, 1268 Viharahena 4 3 d 4 ' g 2 a 1 2A44d,a 2ra7d4e7niya 1 g a D Keeriwalagama Batayaya 244C, 1811 2 P m ´ , a ° I a a a 1 m h 6 m 6 h y a a 241G, 1558 Junction 4 a a 3 l g a a a l 5 a 7 a 7 y l 96 2 2 M 1 a 1 G 9 Neluwa 3 e , 3 a t , Ih 1 i 3 d Mederipitiya B g a D E d a u e C 3 n , , m 6 g B 1 4 e 0 9 2 am DSD 240, 1043 P 2 5 m h 5 4 8 a a 6 a 5 a a Poddana 2 l r t 2 d Lelwala h a , u u a Pannimulla Nishshankapura g w w B h u I 8 l h t 2 4 6 a 232B, 641 a a t 7 4 a a 1 l 241E, 1369 y 4 Habarakada 235B, 855 a 1 a s l 2 a a 5 e K 2 D N 0 East 230, 1058 2 Thawalama North w y W 2 i G , , a , 227, 1331 n Panagoda a 6 1 d 3 2 6 a e Deniyaya i 1 T 3 g n 4 a y 4 , 3 Poddana D a h u 1 k 2 1 235, 911 a y A a 2 4 a B m Pallegam a North i T 3 a y t w Ihala Lelwala n h i n N , m 240C, 1524 4 e pi a e n i " d 1 2 l a 241, 2430 D 2 4 M 0 a a ' 2 7 232F, 1156 51 Junction 4 3 m d 4A 9 0 2 4 Pallegama -
Tamil Perspectives on Post-War Sri Lanka, the LTTE and the Future
10 November 2010 Tamil Perspectives on Post-war Sri Lanka, the LTTE and the Future Sergei DeSilva-Ranasinghe FDI Associate After nearly two decades of suppression of dissident Tamil parties by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), the re-emergence of plurality in Tamil politics since the May 2009 defeat of the LTTE has altered the political landscape for Sri Lankan Tamils. In a series of exclusive interviews conducted in Sri Lanka in June 2010, FDI Associate Sergei DeSilva-Ranasinghe speaks with Mr Thirunavukkarasu Sridharan, leader of the Eelam People’s Revolutionary Liberation Front, Padmanaba faction (EPRLF-Naba) and Mr Dharmalingam Siddharthan , leader of the People’s Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE) and, by correspondence in October 2010, with Dr Muttukrishna Sarvananthan , Principal Researcher at the Point Pedro Institute of Development, about the general situation facing Sri Lankan Tamils after the civil war, the implications of the LTTE’s demise and Tamil aspirations for the future. FDI: Following its defeat in May 2009, what is the general sentiment of the civilian population towards the LTTE or, for that matter, the Government of Sri Lanka? Muttukrishna Sarvananthan: There is deep resentment towards the LTTE among a significant share of the population, due to their callous disregard for human life, recruitment of children and the immense misery that befell the general population during the final stages of the war. There is a lot of antipathy towards the LTTE, which will last for a long time. The LTTE forced civilians to flee along with them – as human shields – right up to the beaches of northern Mullaitivu. -
12 Manogaran.Pdf
Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka National Capilal District Boundarl3S * Province Boundaries Q 10 20 30 010;1)304050 Sri Lanka • Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka CHELVADURAIMANOGARAN MW~1 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS • HONOLULU - © 1987 University ofHawaii Press All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication-Data Manogaran, Chelvadurai, 1935- Ethnic conflict and reconciliation in Sri Lanka. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Sri Lanka-Politics and government. 2. Sri Lanka -Ethnic relations. 3. Tamils-Sri Lanka-Politics and government. I. Title. DS489.8.M36 1987 954.9'303 87-16247 ISBN 0-8248-1116-X • The prosperity ofa nation does not descend from the sky. Nor does it emerge from its own accord from the earth. It depends upon the conduct ofthe people that constitute the nation. We must recognize that the country does not mean just the lifeless soil around us. The country consists ofa conglomeration ofpeople and it is what they make ofit. To rectify the world and put it on proper path, we have to first rec tify ourselves and our conduct.... At the present time, when we see all over the country confusion, fear and anxiety, each one in every home must con ., tribute his share ofcool, calm love to suppress the anger and fury. No governmental authority can sup press it as effectively and as quickly as you can by love and brotherliness. SATHYA SAl BABA - • Contents List ofTables IX List ofFigures Xl Preface X111 Introduction 1 CHAPTER I Sinhalese-Tamil