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The History and Future of Narragansett Bay

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The History and Future of Narragansett Bay The History and Future of Narragansett Bay Capers Jones Universal Publishers Boca Raton, Florida USA • 2006 The History and Future of Narragansett Bay Copyright © 2006 Capers Jones All rights reserved. Universal Publishers Boca Raton , Florida USA • 2006 ISBN: 1-58112-911-4 Universal-Publishers.com Table of Contents Preface ...............................................................................................................................ix Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... xiii Introduction..................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1 Geological Origins of Narragansett Bay.................................................................... 17 Defining Narragansett Bay ........................................................................................ 22 The Islands of Narragansett Bay............................................................................... 23 Earthquakes & Sea Level Changes of Narragansett Bay....................................... 24 Hurricanes & Nor’easters beside Narragansett Bay .............................................. 25 Meteorology of Hurricanes........................................................................................ 26 Meteorology of Nor’easters ....................................................................................... 27 Summary of Bay History............................................................................................ 28 Chapter 1 References .................................................................................................. 30 Chapter 2 Animal and Plant Life beside Narragansett Bay circa 8000 BC............................. 31 The Pleistocene Extinction ......................................................................................... 31 A View of Narragansett Bay in 8000 BC .................................................................. 34 Chapter 2 References .................................................................................................. 38 Chapter 3 First Arrivals at Narragansett Bay circa 8000 BC...................................................... 39 The Bering Land Bridge ............................................................................................. 39 Clovis & Pre‐Clovis Arrivals ..................................................................................... 41 Arrivals by Boat........................................................................................................... 41 Pre‐Clovis Sites............................................................................................................ 44 Chapter 3 References .................................................................................................. 48 Chapter 4 Pre‐Colonial European and Asian Visitors to Narragansett Bay .......................... 49 Legendary Visitors to North America...................................................................... 49 The Piri Reis Map of 1513 AD ................................................................................... 52 Chronological Survey Possible of North American Visitors ................................ 57 Bronze‐Age Scandinavians circa 1700 BC................................................................ 57 Phoenicians & Celts circa 800 BC.............................................................................. 58 Visitors from India circa 500 BC................................................................................ 60 Hui Shen & Buddhist Missionaries circa 458 AD................................................... 61 Brendan the Navigator circa 530 AD........................................................................ 61 Leif Ericsson & the Viking Settlement circa 1000 AD............................................ 62 Bishop Eric Gnupsson circa 1117 AD....................................................................... 66 Prince Madoc of Wales circa 1170 AD...................................................................... 66 Paul Knutson circa 1355 AD ...................................................................................... 67 Henry Sinclair circa 1398 AD..................................................................................... 68 Chinese Admiral Zhao Wen circa 1421 AD............................................................. 69 Christopher Columbus in 1492 AD .......................................................................... 71 John Cabot circa 1497 AD........................................................................................... 71 Amerigo Vespucci circa 1498 AD ............................................................................. 73 The Corte Real Brothers circa 1501 & 1502 AD....................................................... 74 The Anglo‐Azores Syndicate circa 1503 AD ........................................................... 74 Sebastian Cabot circa 1508 AD.................................................................................. 75 Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 AD........................................................................ 75 Estevan Gomez in 1525 AD ....................................................................................... 76 Luiz Vasques de Ayllon circa 1526 AD.................................................................... 77 John Rut in 1527 AD ................................................................................................... 78 Basque Fishermen circa 1530 AD.............................................................................. 79 Samuel de Champlain in 1604 AD............................................................................ 80 Henry Hudson in 1609 AD ........................................................................................ 81 Adriaen Block in 1614 AD.......................................................................................... 81 Captain John Smith in 1614 AD ................................................................................ 82 Thomas Dermer in 1619 AD ...................................................................................... 82 Summary of Early European Voyages..................................................................... 83 Chapter 4 References .................................................................................................. 85 Chapter 5 Indians beside Narragansett Bay from 8,000 BC to 1500 AD................................. 87 Narragansett Bay from 15,000 BC to 12,000 BC ...................................................... 87 Narragansett Bay from 12,000 BC to 8,000 BC ........................................................ 87 Narragansett Bay from 8,000 BC to 4,000 BC .......................................................... 87 Narragansett Bay from 4,000 BC to 2,500 BC .......................................................... 88 Narragansett Bay from 2,500 BC to 1,500 BC .......................................................... 88 Narragansett Bay from 1,500 BC to 1,500 AD ......................................................... 88 Pre‐Historic Fishing & Hunting beside Narragansett Bay.................................... 90 The History and Future of Narragansett Bay v Pre‐Historic Plant Gathering beside Narragansett Bay......................................... 96 Pre‐Historic Agriculture beside Narragansett Bay ................................................ 96 Pre‐Historic Wampum beside Narragansett Bay ................................................... 99 Pre‐Historic Indian Medicine beside Narragansett Bay...................................... 100 Pre‐Historic Shelters beside Narragansett Bay..................................................... 102 Pre‐Historic Pottery & Artistic Objects beside Narragansett Bay...................... 103 Pre‐Historic Sports & Recreation beside Narragansett Bay................................ 104 Pre‐Historic Marriage & Family Life beside Narragansett Bay ......................... 105 Pre‐Historic Funeral Customs beside Narragansett Bay..................................... 106 Pre‐Historic Warfare beside Narragansett Bay..................................................... 107 Emergence of Modern Indian Tribes beside Narragansett Bay ......................... 107 Summary of Indian Life beside Narragansett Bay from 8,000 BC to 1,500 AD .................................................................................. 110 Chapter 5 References ................................................................................................ 111 Chapter 6 Indians beside Narragansett Bay from 1500 AD to Today................................... 113 Indians beside Narragansett Bay from 1500 to 1600............................................ 114 Indians beside Narragansett Bay from 1600 to 1700............................................ 117 The Pequot War of 1637 ........................................................................................... 120 The Mohegan and Narragansett Conflict of 1643................................................. 122 King Philip’s War of 1675......................................................................................... 123 Indians beside Narragansett Bay from 1700 to 1800............................................ 132 Indians beside Narragansett Bay from 1800 to 1900...........................................
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