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1 Yük. Müh. Mahmut PALUTOĞLU Jeoloji

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1 Yük. Müh. Mahmut PALUTOĞLU Jeoloji ELAZIĞ KENT MERKEZİNİN TEKTONİĞİ DEPREMSELLİĞİ VE MİKROBÖLGELEME Yük. Müh. Mahmut PALUTOĞLU Doktora Tezi Jeoloji Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Murat İNCEÖZ MART-2014 1 T.C FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ELAZIĞ KENT MERKEZİNİN TEKTONİĞİ, DEPREMSELLİĞİ VE MİKROBÖLGELEMESİ DOKTORA TEZİ Mahmut PALUTOĞLU (04216201) Tezin Enstitüye Verildiği Tarih: 11 Mart 2014 Tezin Savunulduğu Tarih: 11 Nisan 2014 Tez Danışmanı: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Murat İNCEÖZ (F.Ü.) Diğer Jüri Üyeleri: Prof. Dr. Ercan AKSOY (F.Ü.) Yrd. Doç. Dr. M. Şefik İMAMOĞLU (D.Ü.) Doç. Dr. Orhan KAVAK (D.Ü.) Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erkut SAYIN (F.Ü.) MART-2014 2 ÖNSÖZ Bu tez çalışmasında, Elazığ kent merkezi ve çevresinin ayrıntılı jeolojik ve tektonik haritası yapılmıştır. İnceleme alanındaki fayların karakterleri belirlenmiştir. Fay düzlemleri tespit edilerek, bu düzlemlere ait kinematik analizler yapılmıştır. İnceleme alanında meydana gelmiş önemli tarihi ve aletsel döneme ait depremler haritaya yerleştirilmiştir. İnceleme alanını kapsayan sismik risk hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. İnceleme alanındaki jeolojik birimlerin zemin büyütme analizleri yapılarak, ilgili mikrobölgeleme haritaları hazırlanmıştır. Son olarak ise Elazığ ve çevresindeki faylarda meydana gelebilecek depremlerin Elazığ kent merkezinde oluşturacakları depremsellik büyüklükleri hesaplanmıştır. Fırat Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Birimi tarafından desteklenen 1765 nolu proje kapsamında hazırlanan bu tezin başlangıcından son aşamaya gelinceye kadar değerli görüşleri ve yapıcı eleştirileri nedeniyle danışman hocam Yrd. Doç.Dr. Murat İNCEÖZ’e teşekkür ederim. Tez izleme komitesindeki diğer iki hocam, Prof.Dr. Ercan AKSOY ve Yrd.Doç.Dr. M.Şefik İMAMOĞLU’na görüşleri ve yapıcı eleştirileri nedeniyle teşekkür ederim. Dünden bugüne kadar desteğini esirgemeyen hocamız Prof. Dr. A.Feyzi BİNGÖL’e içtenlikle teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca, bilimsel çalışmalara olan desteği ve hoşgörülü tutumları nedeniyle bölüm başkanımız ve yardımcısı Prof.Dr. Ahmet ŞAŞMAZ ve Yrd. Doç.Dr. Mehmet ALTUNBEY’e, teşekkür ederim. Sayın hocam Prof.Dr.Erkan TANYOLU’nu rahmetle ve saygıyla anıyorum. Çalışmamın faydalı bir eser olması umuduyla. Saygılarımla. Mahmut PALUTOĞLU ELAZIĞ–2014 3 İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa No ÖNSÖZ İÇİNDEKİLER...………………………………………………………………….. I ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ…...…………………………………………………………. XII TABLOLAR LİSTESİ..…………………………………………………………… XVII EKLER LİSTESİ…...……………………………………………………………... XVIII SİMGELER………………………………………………………………………... XIX ÖZET….……………………………………………………………………………. XXI ABSTRACT…….………………………………………………………………….. XXIII 1.GİRİŞ….…………………………………………………………………………. 1 1.1.Amaç ve Kapsam...……………………………………………………………... 5 1.2.Önceki Çalışmalar...…………………………………………………………….. 7 1.3.Bölgenin Tanıtımı……..…….…...……………………………………………... 26 2.MATERYAL VE METOT……………………………………………………… 33 2.1.Materyal………………………………………………………………………… 33 2.2.Metot…………………...…...…………………………………………………... 33 3. BULGULAR…………………………………….………………………………. 38 3.1.Stratigrafi...……………………………………………………………………... 38 3.1.1.Keban Metamorfitleri…………………………......…………………………... 40 3.1.1.1.Tanım…………….…………………………......…………………………... 40 3.1.1.2.Dağılım ve Konum.…………………………......…………………………... 40 3.1.1.3.Litoloji...………….…………………………......…………………………... 41 3.1.1.4.Keban Metamorfitleri’nin Oluşum Ortamı…….......………………...……... 42 3.1.1.5.Keban Metamorfitleri’nin Yaşı….………..……......………………...……... 42 3.1.2.Elazığ Mağmatitleri….………………………………………………………... 43 3.1.2.1.Tanım…………….…………………………......…………………………... 43 3.1.2.2.Dağılım ve Konum.…………………………......…………………………... 43 3.1.2.3.Litoloji...………….…………………………......…………………………... 45 3.1.2.4.Elazığ Mağmatitleri’nin Oluşum Ortamı…….......……………...…...……... 45 3.1.2.5.Elazığ Mağmatitleri’nin Yaşı.….………..………....………………...……... 46 3.1.3.Harami Formasyonu….…....………………………………………………….. 46 4 3.1.3.1.Tanım…………….…………………………......…………………………... 46 3.1.3.2.Dağılım ve Konum.…………………………......…………………………... 47 3.1.3.3.Litoloji...………….…………………………......…………………………... 48 3.1.3.4.Harami Formasyonu’nun Oluşum Ortamı…….....……………...…...……... 48 3.1.3.5.Harami Formasyonu’nun Yaşı...………..…….…....………………...……... 48 3.1.4.Kırkgeçit Formasyonu….........….……………………………………………. 49 3.1.4.1.Tanım…………….…………………………......…………………………... 49 3.1.4.2.Dağılım ve Konum.…………………………......…………………………... 49 3.1.4.3.Litoloji...………….…………………………......…………………………... 50 3.1.4.4.Kırkgeçit Formasyonu’nun Oluşum Ortamı…….....………………...……... 52 3.1.4.5.Kırkgeçit Formasyonu’nun Yaşı...………..…….…....………….…...……... 54 3.1.5.Karabakır Formasyonu...............………………………………………………. 54 3.1.5.1.Tanım…………….…………………………......…………………………... 54 3.1.5.2.Dağılım ve Konum.…………………………......…………………………... 55 3.1.5.3.Litoloji...………….…………………………......…………………………... 56 3.1.5.4.Karabakır Formasyonu’nun Oluşum Ortamı…….....……...………...……... 58 3.1.5.5.Karabakır Formasyonu’nun Yaşı...………..…….…...………….…...……... 59 3.1.6.Palu Formasyonu...............…………………….………………………………. 60 3.1.6.1.Tanım…………….…………………………......…………………………... 60 3.1.6.2.Dağılım ve Konum.…………………………......…………………………... 60 3.1.6.3.Litoloji...………….…………………………......…………………………... 61 3.1.6.4.Palu Formasyonu’nun Oluşum Ortamı…….....……...……………...……… 63 3.1.6.5.Palu Formasyonu’nun Yaşı...……………...…….…...………….…...……... 64 3.1.7.Travertenler……...............…………………….………………………………. 65 3.1.7.1.Tanım…………….…………………………......…………………………... 65 3.1.7.2.Dağılım ve Konum.…………………………......…………………………... 66 3.1.7.3.Litoloji...………….…………………………......…………………………... 66 3.1.7.4.Travertenlerin Formasyonu’nun Oluşum Ortamı…………………...……… 67 3.1.7.5.Travertenlerin Yaşı...……………………...…….…...………….…...……... 69 3.1.8.Alüvyonlar……………………………………………………………………. 70 3.2.Tektonik…………………………………..…………………………………….. 73 5 3.2.1.İnceleme Alanı ve Çevresinin Kabuk Yapısı Kalınlığı ve Levha Hareketleri... 76 3.2.2.İnceleme Alanın ve Çevresinin Tektoniği.………………….………………... 88 3.2.2.1.İnceleme Alanı İçinde Güneydoğu Anadolu Kenet Kuşağı (GDAKK)…...... 90 3.2.2.2.İnceleme Alanı İçinde Kuzey Anadolu Fay Sistemi (KAFS)………...…...... 92 3.2.2.2.1.Akarsu-Refahiye Bölütü……………………………………….…...…...... 92 3.2.2.2.2.Çatalçam-Erzincan Bölütü………………………………………………... 93 3.2.2.2.3.Çimen Dağı-Köroğlu Dağı Bölütü………………………………………... 93 3.2.2.2.4.Erzincan-Tanyeri Bölütü………………………………………………...... 94 3.2.2.2.5.Üçdam-Yedisu Bölütü…………………………………………………….. 96 3.2.2.2.6.Yedisu-Karlıova Bölütü…………………………………………………... 96 3.2.2.2.7.Kaynarpınar-Karlıova Bölütü…………………………………………….. 97 3.2.2.2.8.Turna Dağı-Üzengi Dağı Bölütü………………………………………….. 97 3.2.2.2.9.Çatalarmut-Çağlayan Bölütü……………………………………………… 98 3.2.2.2.10.Dağyolu-Balbayam-Kiğı Bölütü………………………………………… 99 3.2.2.2.11.Yayladere Bölütü………………………………………………………... 100 3.2.2.2.12.Çaylar Bölütü……………………………………………………………. 100 3.2.2.2.13.Varto Bölütü……………………………………………………………... 101 3.2.2.2.14.Çayçatı-Kaynarca-İlbey Bölütü…………………………………………. 101 3.2.2.2.15.Serpmekaya-Yorgançayır-Sudurağı Bölütü……………………………... 101 3.2.2.2.16.Çırlar Yaylası Bölütü……………………………………………………. 102 3.2.2.2.17.Göynük-Solhan-Yayğın Bölütü…………………………………………. 102 3.2.2.2.18.Solhan-Muş Bölütü……………………………………………………… 102 3.2.2.3.Ovacık Fay Zonu (OFZ)……...…………………………………………….. 103 3.2.2.3.1.Ergan Dağı-Mercan Dağları Fay Zonu…………………………………… 104 3.2.2.3.2.Gözeler Fay Zonu…………………………………………………………. 104 3.2.2.3.3.Konaklar-Öveçler Fay Zonu……………………………………………… 104 3.2.2.3.4.Başpınar-Arapkir Fay Zonu………………………………………………. 105 3.2.2.4.Malatya Fay Zonu (MFZ)…………………...……………………………… 105 3.2.2.4.1.Görgü-Sürgü Fay Zonu…………………………………………………… 106 3.2.2.4.2.Sultansuyu-Doğanşehir Fay Zonu………………………………………… 106 3.2.2.4.3.Arguvan-Yazıhan Fay Zonu………………………………………………. 107 6 3.2.2.4.4.Akçadağ Fay Zonu………………………………………………………... 107 3.2.2.4.5.Kemaliye-Arguvan Fay Zonu…………………………………………….. 108 3.2.2.4.6.Karadağ Fay Zonu………………………………………………………… 108 3.2.2.4.7.Salihli Fayı………………………………………………………………... 109 3.2.2.4.8.Adatepe Fayı……………………………………………………………… 109 3.2.2.4.9.Kesme-Duruköy Fayı……………………………………………………... 109 3.2.2.5.Sürgü Fay Zonu (SFZ)……...………………………………………………. 109 3.2.2.5.1.Sürgü-Kurucaova Fay Zonu………………………………………………. 110 3.2.2.5.2.Satırobası-Eskikurucaova Fay Zonu……………………………………… 110 3.2.2.5.3.Koru Dağı Fay Zonu……………………………………………………… 111 3.2.2.6.İnceleme Alanı İçinde Doğu Anadolu Fay Sistemi (DAFS)………………... 111 3.2.2.6.1.Kargapazarı-Bingöl Bölütü……………………………………………….. 112 3.2.2.6.2.Söğütlü-Yamaç Bölütü……………………………………………………. 112 3.2.2.6.3.Çakırkaş-Beyhan-Gökdere Bölütü………………………………………... 113 3.2.2.6.4.Palu-Gezin Bölütü………………………………………………………… 114 3.2.2.6.5.Hazar Gölü-Doğanyol Bölütü…………………………………………….. 115 3.2.2.6.6.Doğanyol-Pütürge Bölütü………………………………………………… 116 3.2.2.6.7.Şiro Çayı Bölütü…………………………………………………………... 117 3.2.2.6.8.Yarpuzlu Bölütü…………………………………………………………... 117 3.2.2.6.9.Doğanyol-Sincik Bölütü………………………………………………….. 118 3.2.2.6.10.Yarpuzlu-Çelikhan Bölütü………………………………………………. 119 3.2.2.6.11.Bulam Çayı Bölütü………………………………………………………. 119 3.2.2.6.12.Erkenek Bölütü………………………………………………………….. 120 3.2.2.6.13.Gölbaşı Bölütü…………………………………………………………... 120 3.2.2.6.14.Adıyaman Fay Zonu……………………………………………………... 120 3.2.2.6.İnceleme Alanı İçinde Diğer Fay Zonları ve Faylar………………………... 122 3.2.2.6.1.Gürcüoğlu Dere Fayı……………………………………………………… 122 3.2.2.6.2.Yedigöller Dağı Fayı……………………………………………………… 122 3.2.2.6.3.Büyükyaylaköy-Tosunlar Fayı……………………………………………. 122 3.2.2.6.4.Armutluk-Dağyolu Fay Zonu……………………………………………... 123 3.2.2.6.5.Kızıltaş Kayası Fayı………………………………………………………. 123 7 3.2.2.6.6.Şem Dere Fayı…………………………………………………………….. 123 3.2.2.6.7.Aşağıpayam Fayı………………………………………………………….. 124 3.2.2.6.8.Sarıkaşık-Yeşilgöl Fay Zonu……………………………………………... 124 3.2.2.6.9.Çukurtepe-Sarıkuşak Fayı………………………………………………… 124 3.2.2.6.10.Mollaşakir
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