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Bibliography Physics and Human Rights Michele Irwin and Juan C Gallardo August 18, 2017
Bibliography Physics and Human Rights Michele Irwin and Juan C Gallardo August 18, 2017 Physicists have been actively involved in the defense of Human Rights of colleague physicists, and scientists in general, around the world for a long time. What follows is a list of talks, articles and informed remembrances on Physics and Human Rights by physicist-activists that are available online. The selection is not exhaustive, on the contrary it just reflects our personal knowledge of recent publications; nevertheless, they are in our view representative of the indefatigable work of a large number of scientists affirming Human Rights and in defense of persecuted, in prison or at risk colleagues throughout the world. • “Ideas and Opinions” Albert Einstein Crown Publishers, 1954, 1982 The most definitive collection of Albert Einstein's writings, gathered under the supervision of Einstein himself. The selections range from his earliest days as a theoretical physicist to his death in 1955; from such subjects as relativity, nuclear war or peace, and religion and science, to human rights, economics, and government. • “Physics and Human Rights: Reflections on the past and the present” Joel L. Lebowitz Physikalische Blatter, Vol 56, issue 7-8, pages 51-54, July/August 2000 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/phbl.20000560712/pdf Based loosely on the Max von Laue lecture given at the German Physical Society's annual meeting in Dresden, 03/2000. This article focus on the moral and social responsibilities of scientists then -Nazi period in Germany- and now. Max von Laue's principled moral response at the time, distinguished him from many of his contemporary scientists. -
Physicists in Times of War” Has Gained New Topicality As a Result of the US Doctrine of Preemptive Strikes Adopted by the Bush Administration
Physicists in times of war Bert Schroer CBPF, Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud 150 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Institut fuer Theoretische Physik der FU Berlin, Germany December 2005 Abstract Though the majority of physicists would probably not support pre- emptive wars, nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction would not exist without their contributions. Einstein’s anti-militaristic position has been well-documented and the present essay recalls the role of some contemporary and past physicists on this issue. The idea that the rationality of scientific thought is a reliable antidote against supporting wars in order to achieve political or ideological aims was neither correct in the past nor is it presently valid. In the physics community there always existed a minority of supporters of wars of conquest of territory, domination of people beyond the borders or regime change. The “preemptive” war for the US hegemony in the middle east has given the problem of “physicists in times of war” new actuality, especially on the third anniversary of its start with a country slipping into civil war and culprit of this bloody mess talking about the fight for victory. One of the most perplexing appologists of the agressive war of Nazi- Germany against “the Bolshevist peril” has been the physicist Pascual Jordan whose interesting scientific and controversial political biography is the main issue of this essay. 1 Introductory remarks As a result of a significant coincidence 2005 was not only the centennial year of Einstein’s greatest discoveries but it also marks the 60 year commemoration of the end of the second world war, which was perhaps one of the greatest arXiv:physics/0603095v2 [physics.soc-ph] 20 Mar 2006 man-made tragedy and certainly 20thcenturies darkest episode. -
On the Planck-Einstein Relation Peter L
On the Planck-Einstein Relation Peter L. Ward US Geological Survey retired Science Is Never Settled PO Box 4875, Jackson, WY 83001 [email protected] Abstract The Planck-Einstein relation (E=hν), a formula integral to quantum mechanics, says that a quantum of energy (E), commonly thought of as a photon, is equal to the Planck constant (h) times a frequency of oscillation of an atomic oscillator (ν, the Greek letter nu). Yet frequency is not quantized—frequency of electromagnetic radiation is well known in Nature to be a continuum extending over at least 18 orders of magnitude from extremely low frequency (low-energy) radio signals to extremely high-frequency (high-energy) gamma rays. Therefore, electromagnetic energy (E), which simply equals a scaling constant times a continuum, must also be a continuum. We must conclude, therefore, that electromagnetic energy is not quantized at the microscopic level as widely assumed. Secondly, it makes no physical sense in Nature to add frequencies of electromagnetic radiation together in air or space—red light plus blue light does not equal ultraviolet light. Therefore, if E=hν, then it makes no physical sense to add together electromagnetic energies that are commonly thought of as photons. The purpose of this paper is to look at the history of E=hν and to examine the implications of accepting E=hν as a valid description of physical reality. Recognizing the role of E=hν makes the fundamental physics studied by quantum mechanics both physically intuitive and deterministic. Introduction On Sunday, October 7, 1900, Heinrich Rubens and wife visited Max Planck and wife for afternoon tea (Hoffmann, 2001). -
Otto Stern Annalen 4.11.11
(To be published by Annalen der Physik in December 2011) Otto Stern (1888-1969): The founding father of experimental atomic physics J. Peter Toennies,1 Horst Schmidt-Böcking,2 Bretislav Friedrich,3 Julian C.A. Lower2 1Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Göttingen 2Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt 3Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin Keywords History of Science, Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics, Stern- Gerlach experiment, molecular beams, space quantization, magnetic dipole moments of nucleons, diffraction of matter waves, Nobel Prizes, University of Zurich, University of Frankfurt, University of Rostock, University of Hamburg, Carnegie Institute. We review the work and life of Otto Stern who developed the molecular beam technique and with its aid laid the foundations of experimental atomic physics. Among the key results of his research are: the experimental test of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities (1920), experimental demonstration of space quantization of angular momentum (1922), diffraction of matter waves comprised of atoms and molecules by crystals (1931) and the determination of the magnetic dipole moments of the proton and deuteron (1933). 1 Introduction Short lists of the pioneers of quantum mechanics featured in textbooks and historical accounts alike typically include the names of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Arnold Sommerfeld, Niels Bohr, Max von Laue, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Dirac, Max Born, and Wolfgang Pauli on the theory side, and of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Ernest Rutherford, Arthur Compton, and James Franck on the experimental side. However, the records in the Archive of the Nobel Foundation as well as scientific correspondence, oral-history accounts and scientometric evidence suggest that at least one more name should be added to the list: that of the “experimenting theorist” Otto Stern. -
Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: a Study in German Culture
Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft838nb56t&chunk.id=0&doc.v... Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project A Study in German Culture Paul Lawrence Rose UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford © 1998 The Regents of the University of California In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday Preferred Citation: Rose, Paul Lawrence. Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project, 1939-1945: A Study in German Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft838nb56t/ In affectionate memory of Brian Dalton (1924–1996), Scholar, gentleman, leader, friend And in honor of my father's 80th birthday ― ix ― ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For hospitality during various phases of work on this book I am grateful to Aryeh Dvoretzky, Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, whose invitation there allowed me to begin work on the book while on sabbatical leave from James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia, in 1983; and to those colleagues whose good offices made it possible for me to resume research on the subject while a visiting professor at York University and the University of Toronto, Canada, in 1990–92. Grants from the College of the Liberal Arts and the Institute for the Arts and Humanistic Studies of The Pennsylvania State University enabled me to complete the research and writing of the book. -
Guide to the James Franck Papers 1882-1966
University of Chicago Library Guide to the James Franck Papers 1882-1966 © 2006 University of Chicago Library Table of Contents Acknowledgments 3 Descriptive Summary 3 Information on Use 3 Access 3 Citation 3 Biographical Note 4 Scope Note 15 Related Resources 21 Subject Headings 21 INVENTORY 22 Series I: Correspondence 22 Series II: Manuscripts 51 Subseries 1: Physics - work in Germany and Denmark, 1905-1934 51 Subseries 2: Physics - work in United States, 1935-1958 53 Subseries 3: Biophysics - work on Photosynthesis at Johns Hopkins, 1935-193855 Subseries 4: Biophysics - work on Photosynthesis at the University of Chicago,55 1938-48 Subseries 5: Biophysics - work on Photosynthesis after 1948 55 Subseries 6: General Articles and Talks on Science 71 Subseries 7: Papers by other scientists 72 Subseries 8: Notes, memoranda and fragments 76 Subseries 9: Atomic Scientists' Movement, 1944-1953 76 Subseries 10: Franck Memorial Symposium, May 12-13, 1966 79 Series III: Tape Recordings and Photographs 80 Subseries 1: Tape recordings 80 Subseries 2: Hertha Sponer's photograph album, Göttingen, 1920-1933 80 Series IV: Personal Documents and Memorabilia 90 Subseries 1: Documents 90 Subseries 2: Clippings 93 Subseries 3: Biographies and Obituaries 94 Subseries 4: Memorabilia; Scrolls, Certificates, Medals, Mementos 96 Series V: Robert Platzman's Editorial Papers for the "Selected Works of James98 Franck" Series VI: Addenda 103 Subseries 1: Correspondence between James Franck and his nephew and Dr. Heinz104 Kallman Subseries 2: Oversize 105 Descriptive Summary Identifier ICU.SPCL.FRANCK Title Franck, James. Papers Date 1882-1966 Size 20.5 linear feet (29 boxes) Repository Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A. -
Dr. Philip Willke
Dr. Philip Willke Affiliation: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail address: [email protected] Date of birth: 03.10.1987 Nationality: German Website: www.atomholics.de Research Experience 10/2020 - current: Independent Junior Research Group Leader in the Emmy-Noether Program of the German Science Foundation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany Starting my own lab on Quantum Coherent Control of Atomic and Molecular Spins on Surfaces 06/2020 – 10/2020: Young Investigator Group Preparation Program of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany Preparation to set up my own lab, acquiring equipment 05/2018 - 05/2020: Postdoctoral Researcher and Feodor-Lynen Fellow (05/2018-05/2019), IBS Center for Quantum Nanoscience and Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (Advisor: Prof. Andreas Heinrich, Prof. Taeyoung Choi) Setting up a new lab for electron spin resonance scanning tunneling microscopy at the newly founded Center for Quantum Nanoscience 02/2017-04/2018: Postdoctoral Researcher at the IBM Almaden Research Center (CA, USA, Advisor: Christopher Lutz, Prof. Andreas Heinrich) Pioneering the field of electron spin resonance scanning tunneling microscopy 12/2013-01/2017: PhD at Georg-August Universität Göttingen (Summa cum Laude), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy group (Advisor: PD Dr. Martin Wenderoth) Thesis title: Atomic-scale transport in graphene: the role of localized defects and substitutional doping -
Analysis of Hot-Carrier Luminescence for Infrared Single-Photon Upconversion and Readout
UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Analysis of hot-carrier luminescence for infrared single-photon upconversion and readout Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0pw9x6vs Journal IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 13(4) Authors Finkelstein, Hod Gross, Matthias Lo, Yu-Hwa et al. Publication Date 2007-07-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 13, NO. 4, JULY/AUGUST 2007 959 Analysis of Hot-Carrier Luminescence for Infrared Single-Photon Upconversion and Readout Hod Finkelstein, Student Member, IEEE, Matthias Gross, Yu-Hwa Lo, and Sadik Esener, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—We propose and analyze a new method for single- cannot generate an avalanche pulse in response to a photon. photon wavelength up-conversion using optical coupling between This time is called the device dead time and depends on the a primary infrared (IR) single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) recharge mechanism, on the overbias above breakdown, and and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) silicon SPAD, which are fused through a silicon dioxide passivation layer. most significantly, on the junction’s capacitance. A primary IR photon induces an avalanche in the IR SPAD. The Dark counts result from avalanches, which are not induced photons produced by hot-carrier recombination are subsequently by absorbed photons. They can originate from thermally gen- sensed by the silicon SPAD, thus, allowing for on-die data pro- erated carriers; from band-to-band tunneling; via trap-assisted cessing. Because the devices are fused through their passivation tunneling; and by afterpulsing—the release of carriers trapped layers, lattice mismatch issues between the semiconductor materi- als are avoided. -
NATURE August 27, 1960 VOL. 187 OBITUARY
738 NATURE August 27, 1960 VOL. 187 400 150 :;' S 300 ~ d 100 .5 t- o:> ~ .:l [lj 0 50 200 ",,,':':' 200 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 Mean annual precipitation (mm.) !!, ' Fig. 4 also quite possible that the variations in the specific cffisium-137 activity in precipitation are smaller. If the values for Bergen and station 1 are excluded the mean value of the cffisium-137 deposit is 18·7 mc./km." and the standard deviation is 3·5 mc./km.". 100 200 300 400 500 600 The corresponding precipitation values vary within ± Precipitation (mm.) Nov. 1, 1958, to sampling date 20 per cent. This precipitation interval applies to Fig. 3 the greater part of Sweden, and the above value can thus be regarded as a reasonable mean value for the since the beginning of considerable global fall-out, country. and the zirconium + niobium-95 deposit with the Peirson has recently published a corresponding precipitation since the autumn, 1958. study concerning the deposit in the United Kingdom As can be seen in Figs. 2 and 3, a strong linear on samples taken during the summer, 1959". In relationship seems to exist between cffisium-137 Fig. 4, Pierson's and our values of the cffisium-137 deposit and precipitation (p = 0·99 with the 95 deposit are plotted against the mean annual precipita per cent confidence limit 0 ·95 and 1'00), whereas the tion. No significant differences between the two zirconium + niobium-95 values are more scattered sets of values can be detected. As the latitude of the (p = 0·74 with the 95 per cent confidence limits British sampling sites is 50-55° N., while the Swedish 0·35 and 0 ·90). -
Einstein - from Ulm to Princeton Frank Steiner, Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
FEATURES Einstein - from Ulm to Princeton Frank Steiner, Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany L ast year, the University of Ulm, the City of Ulm, and the Ger man Physical Society celebrated the 125th birthday of Albert Einstein, who was born in Ulm on 14 Marchl879. Being fully aware of the multitude of events expected to happen at many places during the "World Year of Physics 2005", it was felt appro priate to commemorate Einstein at his birthplace already in 2004. This followed a long tradition in Ulm, where previously Einstein's 70th and 100th birthday had been celebrated in 1949 and 1979, respectively. The celebration in Ulm consisted of a large number of events during a period of nine months. To bring Einstein's work, ideas and life to a broad audience, a series of a dozen of public lectures [1] were given by physicists and historians that met with great response. An "Albert-Einstein-Schülerwettbewerb" (competition for students at secondary schools) was organized, and a new "Einstein Opera" commissioned by the City of Ulm was per formed at the Ulm Theatre. Furthermore, an "Einstein Exhibition" was installed which saw many visitors over several months. On Einstein's birthday, 14 March 2004, the Mayor of the City of Ulm held a "Festakt" in Ulm's Einstein Hall in the presence of the President of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Prime Min ister of Baden-Württemberg. In the evening of the same day, the opening ceremony of the Spring Meeting ("Frühjahrstagung") of the German Physical Society took place at the University of Ulm. -
January 2014
International Association of Mathematical Physics ΜUΦ Invitation Dear IAMP Members, according to Part I of the By-Laws we announce a meeting of the IAMP General Assembly. It will convene on Monday August 3 in the Meridian Hall of the Clarion NewsCongress Hotel in Prague opening Bulletin at 8pm. The agenda: 1) President report 2) Treasurer reportJanuary 2014 3) The ICMP 2012 a) Presentation of the bids b) Discussion and informal vote 4) General discussion It is important for our Association that you attend and take active part in the meeting. We are looking forward to seeing you there. With best wishes, Pavel Exner, President Jan Philip Solovej, Secretary Contents International Association of Mathematical Physics News Bulletin, January 2014 Contents Tribute to Freeman Dyson3 Is A Graviton Detectable?8 Call for nominations for the 2015 Henri Poincar´ePrize 22 Obituary: Oscar E Lanford III 23 News from the IAMP Executive Committee 26 Bulletin Editor Editorial Board Valentin A. Zagrebnov Rafael Benguria, Evans Harrell, Masao Hirokawa, Manfred Salmhofer, Robert Sims Contacts. http://www.iamp.org and e-mail: [email protected] Cover picture: Freeman Dyson The views expressed in this IAMP News Bulletin are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the IAMP Executive Committee, Editor or Editorial Board. Any complete or partial performance or reproduction made without the consent of the author or of his successors in title or assigns shall be unlawful. All reproduction rights are henceforth reserved, and mention of the IAMP News Bulletin is obligatory in the reference. (Art.L.122-4 of the Code of Intellectual Property). -
Main Attributes of Nuclides Presented in This Book
Appendix A Main Attributes of Nuclides Presented in This Book Data given in TableA.1 can be used to determine the various decay energies for the specific radioactive decay examples as well as for the nuclear activation examples presented in this book. M stands for the nuclear rest mass; M stands for the atomic rest mass. The data were obtained from the NIST and are based on CODATA 2010 as follows: 1. Data for atomic masses M are given in atomic mass constants u and were obtained from the NIST at: (http://www.physics.nist.gov/pml/data/comp.cfm). 2. Rest mass of proton mp, neutron mn, electron me, and of the atomic mass constant u are from the NIST (http://www.physics.nist.gov/cuu/constants/index. html) as follows: −27 2 mp = 1.672 621 777×10 kg = 1.007 276 467 u = 938.272 046 MeV/c (A.1) −27 2 mn = 1.674 927 351×10 kg = 1.008 664 916 u = 939.565 379 MeV/c (A.2) −31 −4 2 me = 9.109 382 91×10 kg = 5.485 799 095×10 u = 0.510 998 928 MeV/c (A.3) − 1u= 1.660 538 922×10 27 kg = 931.494 060 MeV/c2 (A.4) 3. For a given nuclide, its nuclear rest energy was determined by subtracting the 2 rest energy of all atomic orbital electrons (Zmec ) from the atomic rest energy M(u)c2 as follows 2 2 2 Mc = M(u)c − Zmec = M(u) × 931.494 060 MeV/u − Z × 0.510 999 MeV.