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he timing of this month’s theme – factory thinking – stated that manufacturing is one of three “strategic themes” in the surely couldn’t be more apposite. recently released Technology Roadmap for the industry. As we move through the “summer of profit warnings” But, there’s still a way to go before the UK embraces offsite the way T the parlous state of UK civils contracting has been laid that Germany, Japan or other countries have done. bare in ways that, while not really surprising, are still Take High Speed 2. Back in 2014 HS2 Ltd’s technical director Andrew really rather concerning. McNaughton was urging his engineers to rise to the challenge and “join It all began in July with and its massive £845M writedown. The announcement sent shockwaves through the industry and saw 70% immediately wiped off the value of Carillion shares. But since then other major names have shown that Carillion is not Low margin businesses can alone. Skanska soon followed and announced a £30M writedown and work, but not by continuously now, last month, announced that it would be pulling back on its construction workload after a £2M loss. recreating the wheel And there are more. has had to set aside £98M to cover costs on two major infrastructure projects, while Mace has revealed a 70% slump in pretax profits. the 21st century” by refraining from doing things the way they have This is much more than a blip in the fortunes of some of the UK’s been done for many years. biggest players. The results issued by Carillion – and the others – must His call was simple: “I want a 3D printed embankment,” he said, then. raise legitimate questions about how these firms are going to recover “Fast forward to today and as far as I’m aware no factory-printed 3D and move forward. The time, surely, has come to properly question the embankments are being planned. validity of firms operating on 1% margins (or lower) while attempting Advances have been made since 2014. Crossrail has embraced the to recreate the wheel on every project. The inherent risks are just too mentality to a degree. A total of 250,000 concrete tunnel segments were obvious. manufactured near to site at the specially fitted out Old Oak Common Low margin businesses can work, but not by continuously starting factory. In another factory further afield, giant robotic 3D printers from scratch every time they produce something. The car industry created large moulds from wax to be used to cast concrete panels. does not work like that and neither do other manufacturing industries. Mace – one of those troubled by falling profits – has trialled a “jumping They employ factory thinking and it is time that it well and truly arrived factory” on a tower block it is building in east and Skanska, for construction in the UK. another of the troubled group of contractors, is also busy piloting its Whatever you call it -- jumping factories, flying factories, offsite “flying factory” idea in Slough. factories or modular building – construction must increasingly resemble And there is much more being done behind the scenes. As always in manufacturing. The benefits are too strong to ignore: higher efficiencies this industry intellectual property is closely guarded and real cutting- and certainty around build programme, cost, quality control and health edge thinking is often hidden from the public domain. and safety. I suspect more will be done in this area in the coming months and There are firms out there pushing this agenda. In national years, but how will we know? How will investors know? Yes, efforts are infrastructure, the i3P group of 22 major clients and suppliers have being made, but we all need to hear more about them.

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 3 Contents NEW CIVIL ENGINEER SEPTEMBER 2017 MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

06 Comment, 23 This month's big issue: Analysis & News Factory Thinking

06 Lighthouse: Engineers must address image problem

08 The Edit: Jacobs takes over CH2M in mega-merger

09 The Edit: Crossrail releases images of fi tout

10 Analysis: Leading bodies join call for fi re safety register

12 Special report: Grenfell investigations begin and legal threats fl ow

16 Your View: Airports, Usk Viaduct, Grenfell

20 The Interview: Liz Peace, Chair, Old Oak Common and Development Corporation

79 Institution of Civil Engineers: Forrest lecture addresses IT, ICE names new council members, CPD safety guide After a summer of profi t warnings from major contractors surely now is the time to embrace a production line mentality. We talk to those at the forefront of driving this change.

2 4 Overview: O site manufacturing 34 Gantry design: Ramboll’s brings e ciency and certainty to unique automated software building programmes solution for design and modelling of gantries has 30 Housing: Could o site reduced a task that used manufacture be the answer to take weeks, down to to the UK housing crisis? mere hours Lego suspension bridge moves to Liverpool

4 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER  SEPTEMBER 2017 New Civil Engineer Get news delivered daily Weekly Wrap and analysis delivered weekly with our newsletters. Sign-up at newcivilengineer.com

Story of the week: A technical investigation into bridge collapses in South East Asia 40 Tech 52 World CONTRIBUTORS Excellence View

Fiona McIntyre p16 Grenfell inquiries fi [email protected] Twitter @fi onaMcNCE

Robert Henson p24 Factory thinking 40 A revamp of Kew Garden’s 52 Complex work below Sweden’s [email protected] Temperate House required TLC capital is set to relieve pressure on Twitter @rob_henson and delicate engineering existing rail lines

56 Business 58 Round Culture Table Katherine Smale p52 Stockholm metro [email protected] Twitter @katsmaleNCE

Michaila Hancock p58 Wavin round table

56 Are engineers equipped to deal 62 Can you cut cost and with the ethical dilemmas they carbon on major may be faced with? infrastructure projects?

SEPTEMBER 2017  NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 5 Lighthouse ICE VIEWPOINT Civil engineers must address their image problem

his month’s column needs engineers, but too often, is inspired by an like Roebling, their potential engineer who was contribution is not recognised. T based in the United Government and wider society often States. An article don’t appreciate these issues are in The Sunday Telegraph was linked so directly to engineering and celebrating the achievements of can be addressed by engineers. Washington Roebling, chief engineer Civil engineers provide many of the Brooklyn Bridge engineering BY ART WE of the things we need and take for feat, under the headline of “the MASTER granted every day – like clean water, Brooklyn Bridge: Obscure engineer greatest engineer you’ve never WHAT WOULD transport and electricity – helping heard of”. MASTER US people to live safer and easier lives. knowledge to build on successes This headline encapsulated a From designing and building like its regular State of the Nation huge communications challenge that flood defences to ensuring stable reports to inform national and local we need to address. and sustainable energy, civil government, and inform members We need to get the wider public engineers work to protect people of important trends in the industry and key stakeholders to appreciate and the places where they live. Civil and opinion on how they should the skills and expertise of engineers, engineers are creative people who be addressed. It can inspire us and recognise how what engineers solve problems, helping people by all to increase our own personal do has such a significant impact on shaping the world around them. knowledge and take up the challenge the quality of people’s lives. It is therefore frustrating that this of influencing wider society to call Fundamentals like increasing the huge contribution to global society on the engineering profession to productivity of the UK, and creating often goes unsung. address and solve UK and global a future-proofed infrastructure that Engineers are generally so problems, and create a world where appropriately and innovatively committed to their activities that we can all prosper. supports our growing population, they underplay the significance l Please address any comments are underpinned and driven by of their work, which means that about the Lighthouse column to engineering excellence. Society society does not optimise the [email protected] skills and expertise available. It is therefore incumbent on people like We need us to help engineers communicate the critical role they play in shaping Engineers to get the lives for the better. are generally It will also help us feel proud of wider public and working in our profession and proud so committed to to be members of the ICE. Engineers key stakeholders to are rightly immensely proud of their their activities profession – and the ICE’s task is to appreciate the skills help communicate the excitement that they underplay “and expertise of and pride to the public and next “the significance of generation. engineers The ICE also has a duty to use our their work

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06410_003_WAV_Mexicem_Q-Bic Plus Campaign Ad_265x210mm.indd 1 14/02/2017 09:46 TRANSPORT MORE GRAYLING SCRAPS NEWS ELECTRIFICATION The Edit PLANS FOR RAIL ESSENTIAL NEWS & INFORMATION More FROM NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM coverage Transport secretary Chris Grayling has scrapped plans to electrify online at sections of rail on the Midland Main newcivil Line and in south Wales and the north of England. The news came as engineer.com Grayling published the high-level output specification (HLOS), which outlines what Network Rail needs to do during its next funding control period, CP6. But Grayling did not, as expected, outline how much money Network Rail would get, saying he was seeking further assurances on the cost of the programme. The three rail electrification schemes have been scrapped in favour of bi-mode trains, powered by electricity and diesel. The schemes are on the line from north of Kettering to Sheffield and Nottingham, the Great Western route west between Cardiff and Swansea and the line between Windermere and Oxenholme in the North.

GRENFELL Jacobs to grow to 74,000 FIRST BUILDINGS KEY STATS PASS GOVERNMENT- staff after taking over CH2M SANCTIONED £2.15bn FIRE TESTS in £2.15bn mega-merger Price paid for CH2M by Jacobs Thirteen tall buildings have become BUSINESS “significant growth” in the the first to “pass” government tests. government services sector, by Following the fire at Grenfell Tower US engineering firm Jacobs has establishing itself as a tier 1 provider 70% on 14 June, the government initiated bought rival CH2M in a deal worth to the global nuclear industry. a fire safety testing programme led £2.15bn ($2.85bn). An integration management office Value wiped by testing body BRE. It has tested The mega-merger means Jacobs (IMO) has been set up to oversee off Carillion hundreds of aluminium composite will grow by an estimated 20,000 the merger. shares material (ACM) cladding samples staff to 74,000. Jacobs said it wants to achieve and three large-scale cladding Jacobs will acquire all of the £113M ($150M) of cost savings a following combinations for compliance CH2M’s outstanding shares in a 60% year globally by the end of the profit with fire safety guidance set out cash and 40% stock transaction. The second year following completion in the Building Regulations 2010. overall deal has an enterprise value of the transaction. In part, these warning Now, a fourth large-scale cladding – the measurement of CH2M’s total savings are expected to come from system test has become the first to value – of around £2.47M ($3.27bn), ”optimisation of corporate return results which comply with which includes approximately operations” and “alignment of building regulations. The latest test £315M ($416M) of CH2M net debt. organisational structures”. results show that a combination of Jacobs said a driver for the It added it would be “leveraging ACM cladding with a fire resistant takeover was CH2M’s strength in the integration lessons learned” from polyethylene filler – category 2 in water and transportation sector, past takeovers, saying it wants to screening tests – and a stone wool saying that the water business alone retain talent and build on the insulation has passed the test. There was a £100bn-plus opportunity. common culture between the are 13 buildings over 18m tall in It is also aiming to achieve two firms. England with this cladding system.

8 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 TRANSPORT CROSSRAIL FIT-OUT PICS RELEASED

Crossrail has released new images of the architectural fit-out of Elizabeth line stations in central London. Pictured is Bond Street’s glass-fibre reinforced concrete panels. It has also revealed a £1bn rise in the cost of the 43 tier one deals where work had been completed. A £33.2M Costain/ Skanska contract for Bond Street Station came in at £95.4M. The eastern running tunnels package handed to Dragados/Sisk at £479M cost £756M.

INFRASTRUCTURE BUSINESS HEALTH & SAFETY NETWORK RAIL TO CARILLION SHARE KEY STATS BAM NUTTALL, KIER IMPLEMENT REFORMS PRICE PLUMMETS AND FERROVIAL JV TO ENCOURAGE TO 51 PENCE AFTER £1bn FINED £1M AFTER INNOVATION PROFIT WARNING Rise in cost WORKER DEATH of 43 tier Network Rail has announced Up to 70% has been wiped off the one Crossrail A joint venture of three contractors reforms aimed at getting new firms value of Carillion’s shares following has been fined more than £1M for into the rail infrastructure sector a profit warning. At the beginning of contracts health and safety offences following and encouraging innovation and July the firm issued full-year the death of one worker and the boosting up-front funding. The guidance, warning “overall injury of two others during the reforms are a result of the review by performance is expected to be £1M construction of Crossrail. BFK, a former ICE president Professor Peter below management’s previous Fine handed Bam Nuttall, Ferrovial and Kier joint Hansford into barriers to innovation expectations” and said it had to BFK venture, pleaded guilty to three and new suppliers in the rail brought in KPMG to try to sort out offences at Westminster Magistrates’ network. Under the reforms Network the problems. Shares fell from £1.92 for H&S Court on 19 July. On 28 July BFK Rail will publish a regular pipeline on 7 July to a low of 51p on 12 July. offences on was fined £1.065M for the offences of opportunities for firms. There At the time of going to press, the at Southwark Crown Court and will be service level agreements shares had recovered slightly, but Crossrail ordered to pay £42,337 in costs. so that these are delivered to the were nowhere near pre-profit In the case of all three offences, required standard. Network Rail warning levels. Carillion also the JV was found to have failed to will also create project champions announced a £845M writedown. Of properly enforce exclusion zones who will work with outside firms this £375M relates to the UK, mainly on the construction sites which to help ensure successful projects. due to three PPP projects, and could have helped save workers Meanwhile, work has started on £470M relates to overseas markets. from foreseeable risks. BFK said it an intensive three-week series of Chief executive Richard Howson has was with “deep regret” that these platform alterations at Waterloo stepped down and the firm is quitting incidents occurred and it strived station in London, part of the some Middle East countries and to achieve an incident-free working station’s £800M upgrade. scaling back construction contracts. environment.

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 9 Grenfell Campaign Update DAVE PARKER Leading bodies join campaign for fire safety register

eading safety body I would urge the British Safety Council has backed BUILDING SAFETY: FIVE STEPS all those acting L New Civil Engineer’s call for a national STEP 1 the National STEP 4 as fire safety risk register to be set up in the wake of Establish a Fire Risk Require the Grenfell Tower tragedy. government- Assessor Fire Risk assessors to become In last month’s issue NCE called backed Register to Assessment on the government to introduce National Fire carry out Reports to be registered a mandatory National Fire Risk Risk Assessor assessments put into the “ Assessor Register. Since then there Register public realm have been expressions of support STEP 3 boarding houses with more than from a number of organisations and STEP 2 Require annual STEP 5 three floors. individuals. Make it assessments to Set minimum He added: “It seems most unfair British Safety Council (BSC) fire mandatory for at least Type periods for for senior executives to be appointed safety consultant Keith Sillitoe tall building 1 level, and essential as the ‘Responsible Person’ as said: “A National Fire Risk Assessor owners to Type 2-4 level remedial defined in the Regulatory Reform Register may be a good starting employ only assessments as works to be (Fire Safety) Order 2005, when point to provide some assurance of assessors on appropriate completed they clearly have no experience competency. in fire safety engineering design, “This would require qualification hence their reliance in fire safety as well as measured competency.” explained that there had been a contractors whose competency may He suggested the Fire Safety & Risk major change in attitudes and a well be questionable.” Management Certificate, as awarded wider involvement in managing risk And he warned of the risks that by independent examination board since then. routine fire risk assessments could NEBOSH, as “a nationally recognised “There were far fewer fire deaths be seen as a “holistic remedy”. qualification”. in the country in recent years. “Surveying technical issues, The ICE has also leant its Those responsible for fire safety such as fire alarm systems, fixed support. “Any initiative, such must be competent, so I would urge installations, escape routes, as this campaign, which drives all those acting as fire safety risk compartmentation, fire door public debate about safety, is to be assessors to become registered. specification and the fire resistance welcomed, and we offer our good “There are five recognised of building materials is beyond wishes for this campaign,” said a registers in the country, of which the competency of anyone other spokesperson. ours is the largest, at 230 registered than qualified fire safety design The ICE has also offered its assessors.” engineers,” Sillitoe said. support to government and the Sillitoe, however, suggested that Annual inspections by a registered Grenfell commission and has also fire authorities should be brought fire risk assessor would have cost instigated its own review (see p16). back into the system specifically to implications. Sources suggested that Until 2006 fire safety certificates certify high fire risk premises. These a “reasonable” fee for a Type 1 non- were issued by local fire authorities. include social housing of more invasive inspection of the communal Institution of Fire Engineers chief than four floors, hostels, houses in spaces of a residential tower block executive officer Neil Gibbins multiple occupation, and hotels and would be around £3,000 plus VAT.

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13861_OpenRoads_Industry_216x271_0617.indd 1 6/7/2017 8:33:25 AM Grenfell Fire Cladding tests still leave burning questions unanswered

Fire Tests with a 3mm PE core. The insulation, 100mm thick rigid polyisocyanurate Dave Parker IN THIS (PIR) foam was the same, as was REPORT the fi xing system and the cavity barriers. A crib of burning wood o far the full-scale BS in the combustion chamber below 8414 -1 fi re testing Questions the cladding simulated a fi re of overcladding breaking out through a window. S systems by materials that still Thermocouples monitored internal testing body BRE need answers and external temperatures. on behalf of the Department for p12 What happened during the test Communities and Local Government is described in the BRE report (DCLG) seems to have confi rmed DCLG test 1, which is available one reasonably predictable How the legal on the DCLG website. Section 5.2 outcome: overcladding systems Table 1 gives a timeline of the test incorporating rainscreen cladding landscape progression. Unfortunately, it is manufactured from aluminium could change somewhat short on key details. composite material (ACM) with an p14 Five minutes after the crib is unmodifi ed polyethylene (PE) core ignited “burning droplets” were are highly unlikely to comply with observed, “with a self-sustained current Building Regulations. Official and burning duration longer than 20 Another likely conclusion is that seconds”. the type of insulation used has industry After six minutes and 20 seconds little effect on the performance of inquiries there is a “continuous fl ow of the system overall if the rainscreen begin fl aming material” from the base up 5m. At the centre a signifi cant cladding has a PE core. of the fi rst row of panels. Melting area of the ACM has disappeared However, the tests will not, on p16 aluminium is observed after another completely, exposing the PIR their own, explain what happened minute in the same region. There is insulation. This has charred in the early hours of 14 June. Too PLUS a “pool fi re” at the base of the rig rather than combusted. Both the tight a focus on the overcladding with fl ames 300mm high. horizontal intumescent and vertical may lead to other key factors Engineering The test was terminated after compression cavity barriers appear being missed. The test programme and ethics eight minutes and 45 seconds, with to have functioned as they should. will yield valuable data, but its fl ames several metres above the top What else can be deduced from limitations must be acknowledged. p56 of the rig. The minimum duration the report? First, it seems obvious The fi rst overcladding system on specifi ed for the test is 40 minutes, that the “burning droplets” come the 8m high test rig was a replica and thus the overcladding system from the PE core. There are several of that used on Grenfell Tower. was deemed to have failed. variants of PE, with densities in the Rainscreen cladding was 4mm Photos taken after the test and range 910-970kg/m3 and melting thick ACM, made up of two skins of included in the report show a points between 80oC and 180oC. PE 0.5mm thick prepainted aluminium tapering area of damage reaching is said to burn slowly, with a blue

12 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER  SEPTEMBER 2017 temperatures above 660oC, but thin sheets will oxidise and crumble Did the away rather than igniting if exposed to a high temperature fl ame. burning The BS 8414-1 test only assesses a cladding system’s compliance cladding set light to or otherwise with the Building the fl ats – or did the Regulations. Analysing what actually happened at Grenfell Tower burning fl ats set light is more challenging, even with the information from the test, but a “ to the cladding? study of close-up post fi re images can also help. Large areas of blackened and charred insulation are clearly other words, once the melted core visible, as are what appear to be has ignited at the lower level, does instances of buckled and melted it burn hot enough and long enough aluminium. There also seem to to melt and ignite more core from be areas where the insulation has the next run of ACM above, and disappeared, perhaps because melt aluminium along the way? the fl ats below contained more In terms of what happened at combustible material than the Grenfell Tower, the second key norm, so burnt hotter for longer. question is: could the burning of That the Grenfell Tower 3mm of PE, of slow burning PE, on overcladding system failed the the external façade of the tower BRE test is hardly surprising. The produce enough thermal energy to ACM used for rainscreen cladding set fl ats alight from the outside? on the Grenfell Tower was 4mm Images in the BRE report might thick Reynobond with a PE core. help answer the fi rst question. The Manufacturer Arconic, in its pre- pattern of damage to the cladding Grenfell publication “Fire safety seems to show it only occurred in tall buildings”, recommends where the fl ames from the crib only Reynobond with either a fi re would have been at their hottest, ie retardant or non-combustible core at the centre. There is little lateral for rainscreen cladding. spread and no obvious evidence Early ACMs often had polystyrene of self-sustaining damage to the or polyurethane cores. PE-cored aluminium. ACM is a fairly recent development. Another signifi cant detail is that Arconic gives no information on the burning PE at the foot of the rig what variety of PE it uses for its could only manage a 300mm high cores, but evidence from other fl ame. Given that, according to a sources suggests that low-density BRE publication, fl ames breaking polyethylene is the most likely. out from a burning fl at will reach So, the BRE report can be at least 2m above the top of the summarised thus: when the window, it would hard to conclude fl ame from the crib impinges on that fl ames from the PE would make fl ame, and to drip. The combustion Photos taken the face of the ACM, the internal a signifi cant contribution to the is self-sustaining. Presumably the after the BRE’s temperature of the core will rise spread of fl ame up the facade. “fl aming material” is also PE, as is test show a rapidly. Aluminium is an excellent So a simple question has to the “pool fi re” at the base of the tapering area thermal conductor. be answered. Did the burning test rig. of damage The core melts from the bottom cladding set light to the fl ats – or And what of the aluminium reaching up 5m fi rst, and starts to run out of the did the burning fl ats set light to the skins? Their contribution to the ACM. As it becomes exposed to the cladding? fl ames is likely to be negligible – or external fl ame and has access to The BRE tests and examination even non-existent. Yes, very fi ne oxygen, it ignites. By the time the of video and still images are not aluminium powder is often added to aluminium begins to melt, the core enough to give a defi nitive answer. military explosives and solid rocket has probably disappeared, leaving a A computational fl uid analysis fuels – yet aluminium foil is used 3mm wide cavity behind it. should help resolve the issue. In the to cover food in very hot ovens. At this point one key question meantime, the test programme at The apparent paradox is down to must be asked. Are the melting/ BRE could yield useful information the ignition point of aluminium, ignition of the core and the melting on the performance of other – around 3,800oC. It will melt at of the aluminium self-sustaining? In overcladding systems.

SEPTEMBER 2017  NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 13 Grenfell Fire Tragedy could be a game changer for the legal landscape

Could Grenfell result in an unprecedented number of prosecutions under corporate manslaughter laws?

Legal In a letter to Grenfell Tower residents republished in The Fiona McIntyre KEY FACTS Daily Telegraph, the Met said it had warned both bodies it had reasonable grounds to believe there day after at least 80 19 had been a breach of the Corporate people lost their lives Prosecutions Manslaughter and Corporate in the Grenfell Tower Homicide Act 2007. T fi re, Labour MP David brought as But what is the Act? What Lammy demanded of February constitutes a breach? And what to see arrests made for corporate 2016 under other charges could be made as a manslaughter. result of the tragedy? Writing in The Guardian, Lammy new law Prior to 2008 when the Act came called for people to stand in the into force, organisations could dock before a judge and a jury technically be prosecuted for over their part in the fi re. “Don’t let 3 the common law offence of gross them tell you it’s a tragedy. It’s not Cases where negligence manslaughter, if it could a tragedy, it’s a monstrous crime. CPS failed be proved the fi rm had fallen well Corporate manslaughter,” he wrote. below a standard of care which Since then a criminal investigation to secure a could reasonably be expected. into the fi re has been launched, and conviction In practice, prosecutions were the Metropolitan Police has said almost impossible: one individual there is a possibility that both the had to be held responsible, and in Royal Borough of Kensington and a company with several layers of Chelsea (RBKC) council and the management, one person was rarely Kensington and Chelsea Tenants to blame for every failing. Management Organisation (KCTMO) With the introduction of the could be charged with the offence. 2007 Act, companies became liable for an unlimited fi ne if it could be proved that the actions of senior management amounted to gross The criminal negligence – for the fi rst time, blame could be aggregated. litigation Even so, smaller fi rms have tended to bear the brunt of arising out of this prosecutions as it is easier to identify negligence in a smaller could change the group of people. But Keystone Law [legal] environment health and safety lawyer David “ Beckenham believes that in the 14 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER  SEPTEMBER 2017 wake of the Grenfell Tower fi re, the With public sentiment pressure to hold larger companies A lot of the running high demands accountable could see important public don’t have been made for legal precedents produced in the arrests under corporate criminal investigation. realise that corporate manslaughter “It could be groundbreaking,” he says. “The criminal litigation arising manslaughter only out of this is something that could change the [legal] environment, to applies to corporate my mind.” “ Beckenham warns that those entities fi rms with more specialist knowledge, such as the contractors, subcontractors, project managers failing to mitigate an obvious risk and architects involved in the can be considered negligent in the Grenfell Tower refurbishment, could eyes of the law. face scrutiny; he even believes we “If you knew that something was could see raids on company offi ces defi nitely a risk to life, a risk to with swathes of documents seized. people’s lives, you don’t just have A successful prosecution could to stand up and say, ‘that’s a risk, make companies more wary, and I wouldn’t do that’, you positively lead to more stringent checks and have to stop it,” says Kallis. balances being put in place. Given the inherent pressures on “A lot of companies that are projects to keep to timelines, this involved in this type of work, even could be a concern for engineers. if they weren’t involved in this “If I was a civil engineer and I’m project, they’re going to be looking involved in a project, and I know it’s at this very carefully, and they’re not going as it should be, and that going to want to make sure that could lead to a massive fi re, what if there were any mistakes made, do I do?” says Beckenham. they’re not making similar mistakes “Do I warn somebody, do I say in their own projects,” says I don’t want to be involved? Do I Beckenham. warn the council, or do I warn my Some will be glad that companies customer? That could lead to me and bodies could face justice for losing business. So what do I do?” potential failings. But individuals However, he thinks it is more cannot be arrested under the Act, likely that a company will end up nor can they be jailed: something in the dock for charges related to Beckenham believes could prove manslaughter. unpopular in this case. And while only one or two “A lot of the public don’t realise companies could face corporate that corporate manslaughter only manslaughter charges, more could applies to corporate entities, it be prosecuted under the Health doesn’t apply to individuals, and I and Safety at Work Act. This is think there’ll be some public outcry because the burden of proof is on if there isn’t an individual in the the defendant to show that, within dock,” he says. reason, every possible step was So could we see someone facing a taken to prevent a person coming jail sentence? If so, on what grounds? to harm. In August, a joint venture While a company could be working on the Crossrail project saddled with a hefty fi ne if it can be – Bam, Ferrovial, Kier (BFK) – was proved that senior management fi ned £1.065M for health and safety- was grossly negligent, a major related offences following the death oversight made by an individual of a worker in 2014. – for example, a professional with “Even if there aren’t corporate specifi c responsibilities in design manslaughter charges, or gross and/or construction – could see negligence manslaughter charges, them facing gross negligence I would bet my mortgage that there manslaughter charges, which will be charges under the Health could result in a jail term. and Safety at Work Act,” says And while making a mistake Beckenham. “There will be one of cannot be seen as grossly negligent, those, if not all three.”

SEPTEMBER 2017  NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 15 Grenfell Fire Getting to the truth: official and industry investigations begin

As the fallout from the fire continues the inquiries and reviews are already looking for answers

Inquiry Lowdown limited. There have been wider calls for him to step down, partly due to Fiona McIntyre LIKELY his “establishment” background, but TIMELINE his track record shows nothing other than a fair and balanced approach. ith several major September Once the consultation deadline inquiries and CIC review has passed, Moore-Bick will make reviews having been a recommendation on the scope of W announced looking reports the inquiry to the prime minister, into different in time who will then set the terms. This aspects of the Grenfell Tower will take place over the next two fi re, there is a complex timeline to inform weeks. After that, the inquiry can of concurrent work which could official begin properly. All organisations impact other inquiries. inquiry and people who have been identifi ed as important, which could THE FOUR October include the council, will be written KEY INQUIRIES: to, and notifi ed that they will be THE PUBLIC INQUIRY ICE review expected to provide evidence. will likely take some time, this could On 15 June, the day after the blaze reports In September core participants well be unpopular with the public. which killed at least 80 people, will be appointed to the inquiry. prime minister Theresa May December These people, likely to include THE BUILDING announced a public inquiry into survivors of the fi re, will be able to REGULATIONS INQUIRY the fi re would take place, alongside Building question key witnesses. Later in the Led by manufacturers’ organisation the criminal investigation. regulations autumn the fi rst evidence hearings EEF chair and former chair of the More than a month later the inquiry will take place, beginning with Health and Safety Executive Dame terms of reference for the inquiry survivors and other residents. Judith Hackitt, this inquiry will look have still not been decided after the interim Proceedings could be delayed at current building regulations and consultation period deadline was report by the concurrent criminal fi re safety with a particular focus on pushed back twice to give survivors investigation. The Metropolitan high rise residential buildings. and others more time to respond. published Police has so far collected around There has already been some The latest deadline was passing as 4TB of data, equivalent to 20M controversy about Hackitt’s this issue went to press. Spring 2018 boxes of paper, but it does not appointment: according to The But we do know who will chair Building expect anyone to be questioned Times, she resigned from her the inquiry. Retired judge Sir Martin regulations under caution until autumn. position as director of the Energy Moore-Bick was appointed on 29 Although it is too early to say Saving Trust just 24 hours before June. His appointment has not gone inquiry final exactly how the inquiry will be she was appointed to lead the down well with some residents, who report affected, its terms could well be inquiry by communities secretary heckled him during a public meeting changed to avoid overlap or parts Sajid Javid. The Energy Saving Trust in July and expressed concerns of the inquiry could be postponed. lists several insulation products that the inquiry’s remit will be too Given that the criminal investigation on its website which contain

16 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER  SEPTEMBER 2017 recommendations on fi re safety. It will inform the main public inquiry in the autumn, when The Metropolitan it begins its evidence-hearing sessions. “It’s an overview of the Police has so far entire system, looking at every facet of it, and where we feel it can or should be improved we will be collected around 4TB of making recommendations,” said CIC chair John Nolan when the review was announced in July. data, equivalent to 20M The CIC is also one third of an Industry Response Group which will boxes of paper help give advice to the government and industry if changes are made to “ building regulations following fi re testing and the regulations review.

THE ICE REVIEW The ICE is conducting a review into the risks of a catastrophic incident happening in the infrastructure industry. Past ICE president Peter Hansford will chair the review, which will not examine the Grenfell Tower fi re but instead look at the industry’s areas of weakness highlighted by the tragedy. Unlike the CIC’s review into procurement practices in housing, the ICE review will focus solely on infrastructure. It will not inform the government’s inquiries, but instead will investigate past failings in the industry and what lessons can be learnt from them. Other areas will include system- related risks, responsibility for polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam, used in relation to fi re safety; the related Answers needed management of assets, how on Grenfell Tower. However, Hackitt compliance and enforcement for the Grenfell guidance is implemented and told The Times she had no role in issues around regulations; and tragedy managed, and how professional the products’ approval. international regulation and roles and culture affects The inquiry was set up by the experience in this area. catastrophic incident risk. It will Department for Communities and The terms of reference will be be published by October, although Local Government (DCLG) following set once the public inquiry has had the deadline could be extended recent fi re safety tests on cladding its own terms of reference set. An depending on what information samples led by the Building interim report will be presented by comes out of the public inquiry. Research Establishment. Almost 200 the end of the year, and a fi nal one Hansford told New Civil Engineer samples of aluminium composite released no later than spring 2018. that although it is too early to material (ACM) cladding, similar tell what could come out of the to that used in the recent Grenfell THE CONSTRUCTION review, it was right to begin the refurbishment, failed the fi rst round INDUSTRY COUNCIL investigation this soon after the of testing, while the fi rst large-scale CIC REVIEW Grenfell Tower fi re. cladding system also failed tests. A review rather than an inquiry, “We all have 2020 hindsight so of The inquiry will report jointly to 36 built environment professional course you could always do these the communities secretary Sajid bodies will come together under things at an earlier stage,” he said Javid and the home secretary the banner of the Construction when the review was launched. Amber Rudd. Overall it will Industry Council (CIC) to carry out “I think the time is right, I think examine: the regulatory system an extensive review of procurement, this incident has shocked the around the design, construction and design and construction practices nation, shocked the profession, ongoing management of buildings in housing, with a view to providing shocked the industry.”

SEPTEMBER 2017  NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 17 Liz Peace BY KATHERINE SMALE Old Oak: Using the High Speed 2 accelerator

iz Peace is under no which will contain the new Old Oak illusion about the Common High Speed 2 (HS2) station. scale of the Old Oak In this area, the prizes might be L Common and Park greater, but so are the challenges. Royal development in The Grand Union Canal runs west London. through the middle of the site and the The quick thinking, fast talking area is already riddled with railway Peace says the number one challenge lines, the number of which will only is its sheer enormity. increase with HS2. This cuts off whole The 650ha site stretches from the areas of land, creating inaccessible

The Interview The gyratory in the west, islands in what should be one of the Stonebridge Park station in the north most connected parts of the country. and Willesden Junction in the east. It Building the infrastructure to con- also incorporates Wormwood Scrubs nect these areas will be the second park to the south east. biggest challenge, Peace says. In April 2015, the Old Oak Common we want to get going as quickly as The masterplan for the area is cur- & Park Royal Development Corpo- possible. Once we have that, we’ll rently being written by Aecom. The ration, known as the OPDC, which have got it down to a manageable award of this contract was delayed Peace now chairs, was officially size, because we’re not going to do by the appointment of Peace. But launched, giving it formal planning everything in the next few years. she says this late appointment of the powers over the site. As announced “This is a 20 to 30-year project so masterplanning team has not held in the 2016 spring Budget, it also we have to be sensible.” development back. She says that has ownership of 97ha of govern- Most of the current site is taken during the period of flux, the cor- ment-owned land. up with a vast industrial area on its poration continued to develop the Development opportunities are western side. This will be regenerated local plan – the basis for the future rife, amid plans for around 25,500 as part of the scheme. But the major document. new homes. But Peace says that opportunities lie in the east, part of Her message to Aecom was: please bringing in the investment needed for do not reinvent the wheel. the infrastructure and redevelopment “My message to them is: ‘please will only be achievable by breaking don’t redo an awful lot of the work it down into bite-sized, manageable that we’ve already done’,” she says. chunks. What I’m “If they come up with some amazing “We know there could be a massive working on design solution to some of the infrastructure bill, but there is no problems, then we’ll listen, but there point in going along to the Treasury have already been lots of people and saying ‘we need billions’ because with the team is crawling all over the site so I think that just frightens everybody,” she probably not. says. to come up with a “Now it’s a coordination job.” “What I’m working on with the prioritised list of the The OPDC has asked to see a first team is to come up with a prioritised cut of the plan at the back end of this list of the really key projects that “ year, and Peace is hopeful that this really key projects

18 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 OLD OAK COMMON AND PARK ROYAL PLAN 20-30 Stonebridge Park INDUSTRIAL LAND Year project

POWERDAY 650ha EMR WILLESDON Size of site Harlesden

G Willesden ran 25,500 d U Junction ni on CAR GIANT Possible new homes Can al OLD OAK COMMON AND Hanger Kensal PARK ROYAL DEVELOPMENT N Lane Green The Regent’s Wormwood Park Park Royal Scrub’s Park PADDINGTON North Acton SOHO ACTON SHEPHERD’S Wormwood BUSH Hyde Park Scrubs Gunnersbury Park WESTMINSTER CHISWICK R i v

e East Acton r T

CROSSRAIL DEPOT h a m Battersea Park FULHAMe OLD OAK COMMON HIGH SPEED 2 (HS2) STATION s

will be available for the public to view. flats were built directly adjacent to a Despite the delay in appointing I’d be very keen waste transfer plant “entirely compati- the masterplanning team, Peace says KEY FACTS bly” as part of the Arsenal FC stadium timings for the plan, together with HS2 to persuade redevelopment. After all, she says, “you timings for its station, will work. always need energy”. “What happens in the station is fun- 650ha anybody who thinks But with all of the development damentally HS2’s business,” she says. Size of the they are going to make planned, one major area she is keen to “It’s got to be fit for purpose, it’s got to make sure is not missed is community receive trains and passengers. But what Old Oak money out of this engagement. we are interested in is making sure you Common and Peace says although there are no don’t preclude any interesting future “site to rein in their large housing estates which might have Park Royal options for development, like over-sta- had to have been moved, there is a tion developments. development expectations resident community which is, under- “I think that we have to stick to the standably, concerned about the vast bits which are relevant to us.” building site about to be created on its With no funding yet for the additional 97ha to the north of the Crossrail depot, and doorstep. provision for a future over-site devel- Area of the infrastructure that will link to it. “It’s up to us to try to persuade and opment, who pays for it is currently a government “The access [to the land north of reassure that we will take care of them hot topic between project promoter the depot] is the key thing, and making and that hopefully, at the end of the day HS2 Ltd and OPDC, with both set to owned land sure we have a decent bridge across there will be something better there,” potentially gain from the move. handed over the rail tracks,” she says. she says. On the eastern half of the site, the Currently, this area predominantly “But you have to be careful, as better same level of preparation has not been to the OPDC houses an energy from waste plant, a is subjective of course. What I think is put into the building of the controver- “post-apocalyptic” EMR scrap yard and better, may not be the same as some- sial Crossrail depot. The vast industrial the indomitable Car Giant business. one who has lived there for 35 years site is nearing completion, but when Although the regeneration of the area thinks is better, so it is difficult.” designed it did not include provisions may be complex, the land ownership Overall, Peace is dedicated to for an over-site development. in this area is at least simple. Most of squeezing as much sustainable devel- This lack of forethought appears the land is owned by either Network opment onto the site as possible, with to have been to the site’s detriment. Rail or Car Giant boss Geoff Warren, the resources she has. Despite recent hopeful suggestions that who Peace says is keen to move and Her parting shot is aimed at those a “mega deck” could be built over the develop the site. who expect to come out of the project area to make best use of the area, Peace Unfortunately, unlocking its potential with large profits. says this idea is now “parked”. may be more tricky. Current leases for “I would be very keen to persuade “We have other fish to fry,” she says. the waste plant and EMR sites have anybody who thinks they are going to “Whether and how you might be able more than 10 years to run so she ad- make money out of this site to rein in to do something with the depot in a mits some creative thinking is required their expectations and be putting quite few years’ time, that’s a future debate to get development going while avoid- a lot of that money into infrastructure,” to have.” ing costly contract severance agree- she says. Among other “fish to fry” is the de- ments. One is to use the example of a “So they better beware, they’re not velopment on a lucrative piece of land site in Holloway, north London, where going to get away with it all.”

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 19 culture and quite an unpleasant experience. Very high turnover, and as soon as anything went wrong the partners took defensive positions. Hardly an alliance. The article hints at it but as ever the management spin draws a veil over it. Your View Nigel Scott, posted online on article headed “Interview | Dale Evans” LETTERS TO THE EDITOR AND COMMENTS ONLINE STRUCTURES STRENGTHENING ARGUMENT LOW CARBON Heathrow, we will not achieve our CARBON carbon emission targets, full stop. I refer to the article on the The ICE needs to have some joined refurbishment of the Usk viaduct CONTRADICTION @ up thinking when it comes to (New Civil Engineer July 2017). In the same edition of New Civil what surely is the greatest single Your readers may be interested Engineer that President Donald issue facing engineers today, if to know that the proprietary Trump’s removal of the United “by art we are to master what would States from the Paris Agreement master us”. is lambasted as “an utter disaster” Chris Edwards c.edwards@ Read more you go on to devote an entire stmarysrc.cheshire.sch.uk feature to the Future of Airports, letters at heralding the “Next Golden Age of www.newcivil TRANSPORT Aviation”, looking forward to “an engineer.com unprecedented expansion”, in which BIMODAL VERSUS the only acknowledgement of any ELECTRIFICATION issues of sustainability is the line about “carbon neutral airports”, I find it strange that the government an Orwellian contortion of language one week announces the scrapping which is Greenwash of the highest of electrification plans and the order. introduction of bimodal trains, The same article speculates partly running on diesel, then the whether “the airport of the future following week it announces the could act as a community hub”. I end of petrol and diesel powered Usk bridge: Ageing reinforced concrete think that unless and until noise and vehicles by 2040. If it is that air pollution as well as congestion committed to electrically powered joints were a solution, used by are tackled this is a vanishingly vehicles why not push forward my late grandfather Sir Owen small prospect. with the rail electrification? Doesn’t Williams, who was a pioneer in Another contributor claims seem like joined up thinking or one the use of reinforced concrete, to “aviation is by its nature innovative”. department talking to another. make a redundant structure more The Wright brothers took off in John Griffiths, posted online on determinate in the time before 1903, Frank Whittle submitted his jet article headed “Grayling delays computers were in use for structural engine patent in 1930. Improvements rail cash decision and scraps design. in fuel economy are marginal and electrification plans” The use of joints together with dwarfed by the growth in flights. the coffered (voided) deck were The simple fact is aviation cannot If bimodal trains were needed then an exercise in minimising the innovate its way out of intensive the secondary power supply should reinforcement required and hence carbon emissions; that is the be battery or fuel cell. That way the the cost of the bridge. elephant in the room. maintenance burden of diesel would The author states the slots in the Even if civil engineers are happy be avoided, not to mention the thrust joints were cut out. In fact to turn a blind eye to all the above, pollution. the slots in the joint would have banks and insurers are starting John Tebbit, posted online on been shuttered out using formwork to look at sectors with a high article headed “Bimode trains with the reinforcement in place risk of stranded assets. Darwin The Editor, shouldn’t replace electric, say before the deck was poured. Any said it is not the strongest of the New Civil experts” irregularity in the slot would have species that survive but the most resulted from the movement of the Engineer, adaptable; old and dirty industries formwork during the concrete pour. Telephone BUSINESS CULTURE are already being left behind by Further, the bridge would have adaptive businesses; business House, UNCOMFORTABLE had a resident engineer and team, 69-77 Paul flights in the UK declined by 25% ALLIANCE together with inspectors, and any from 2000 to 2013 as excellent, Street, London, irregularity to the construction of actually innovative, technological EC2A 4NQ A few years ago, I had experience of the joint would have been reported alternatives gave a real advantage. Email: nceedit@ working within this (@one) Alliance. to the head office for consideration. If a third runway is built at emap.com It was actually a poisonous blame It must be stated that any

20 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 GOOD POINT GRENFELL HIGHLIGHTSYOUR VIEWS AND OPINIONS COST CONCERN

In the aftermath of the recent tragedy at Grenfell, several in As the reputation of the designer would depend on the the construction and wider press have questioned whether we performance of the building for the foreseeable future, it are paying too high a price in our quest for the lowest possible would have attempted to ensure quality of construction cost of construction. Of course, we will need to await the through the presence of a clerk of works or resident engineer outcome of various enquiries and investigations until we know and they would have been available to resolve any day-to-day the full picture. However, many of us will relate to the detail problems. enormous pressure that construction professionals Latterly this role has been taken over by the project face against a relentless desire for lowest cost. manager who may or may not have design skills. As a student I spent one summer working This should be checked. for a local authority, which adopted an Eric Finlayson (M) 24 Douglas Rd, Kilburn, London interesting technique to maintain a better NW6 7RP tension between cost and quality. Four or five would be invited to tender, on The full facts leading to the Grenfell tragedy will the understanding that the lowest priced emerge in time, including any part played by submission would be automatically civil engineers. disregarded. The remaining submissions I must take issue with Mark Hansford’s would be judged against appropriate pejorative term “dreaded value engineering” criteria and one would be selected. This (Comment, last month). approach removed a significant incentive Cost cutting is not value engineering and a leading for tenderers to submit the sort of bid which opinion former concerned with shining a light on best might subsequently require them to cut corners, practice should make this clear. introducing a counter-balancing effect on safety and Best practice value engineering and value management, of quality. I’m not naïve to current financial constraints, but if which it is a part, is set out in BS EN 12973:2000 including how the alternative is a country full of unsafe structures, might I they relate to project management. Value management/value suggest that it is an approach worthy of wider consideration? engineering are organised processes of group decision making Alistair Ringer (M) [email protected] to define and maximise project value, through systematic focus on function; led by a trained value management facilitator. It The media has described an urgent email between the is not an add-on but integral to sound, right-first-time project Kensington & Chelsea Tenant Management Organisation’s management. project manager and its quantity surveyor stressing the need I cannot believe that a trained value management for good costs for the council. Additionally the process known facilitator would agree to safety being anything other than as value engineering was introduced. a non-negotiable prerequisite – that is a hurdle that any This highlights changes which have happened to the project option or element must satisfy before being actively construction process over the years and may throw some light considered. If value management and value engineering are to on the problem. be specified, BS EN 12973:2000 should be explicit. Formerly, the lead designer, architect, civil engineer or Our tragedy is that 17 years on from the launch of the value other would have been appointed to carry out the construction management standard, so few civil engineers are trained supervision. The quantity surveyor would have worked closely in value management and value engineering and in value with them throughout the design and construction process to management facilitation. ensure value for money. Harry Hammersley (M retd) [email protected]

irregularity to the width of the gap at the joint could cause the continuous operation for the past (and as they were shuttered this was delamination of the reinforcement 50 years carrying traffic in and out unlikely) would have only a minor which, in my view, must have been of South Wales. effect on the joint’s function. The caused by another reason such as It has also been carrying far joint being, by its nature, weak in salt contamination. more traffic than it was originally bending resistance relative to the The author suggests the bridge designed for, both in volume and rest of the coffered slab and at the may have been constructed axle load. As the author also points point of contraflecture, there would incorrectly and WSP senior engineer out, the bridge is vital for South be no bending moment, and hence Richard Owen suggests it may have Wales, let us hope it remains so for no relative deflection on either side had design faults. All arguments a further 50 years. of the joint. aside, it should be pointed out that Richard Williams (F) It is unlikely that any movement the bridge has successfully been in [email protected]

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 21 ©Photo credits: Pascal le Doaré and COSEA photo libraries photo and COSEA Pascal le Doaré credits: ©Photo CONSTRUCTING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

At VINCI Construction Grands Projets, we engineer In the UK, we are currently placing our BIM expertise at digital solutions that help us and our Clients in the the core of infrastructure projects such as Tideway East conception and construction of our major projects. and the M4 Corridor around Newport, with the aim of providing enhanced collaboration and efficiency. On SEA Tours-Bordeaux high speed rail line (302 km and 38 km of connecting track), we developed By EXCELLENCE, we mean designing and building a bespoke information system allowing sharing of quicker, safer and at best value. processes and data between all partners (80 design offices, 5 sub-consortiums, 3,500 employees) that www.vinci-construction-projects.com/british-isles offers the most reliable performance. We introduced an Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) and a Geographical Information System (GIS) whose 3D interface fostered collaboration with clients and stakeholders. This real Asset Information Management (AIM) is being transferred to the dedicated company for the maintenance of the project over 45 years. SPECIAL REPORT Factory Thinking

THE ARRIVAL OF THE PRODUCTION LINE / PAGE 24 HOW HOUSE BUILDING IS LEADING THE WAY / PAGE 30 RETHINKING DESIGN IN SMART MOTORWAYS / PAGE 34

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 23 £1.5BN: ESTIMATED OFFSITE A MOVING CONTRIBUTION TO THE UK PRODUCT ECONOMY HOW A MANUFACTURING APPROACH CAN TRANSFORM CONSTRUCTION BY ROBERT HENSON

the financial crisis, offsite surged and Factory now accounts for more than 7% of KEY FACTS total construction output, worth more Thinking than £1.5bn to the UK economy. 85% According to one industry survey actory Thinking has 57% of 22,544 homes planned by 17 of well and truly arrived Offsite the UK’s largest housing associations for construction in the manufacturing will be constructed using offsite UK. Whatever you call it methods, including timber frame and -- jumping factories, flying for Leadenhall modular construction. factories, offsite factories building in for And in national infrastructure, or modular building – construction London the i3P group of 22 major clients Fis increasingly resembling and suppliers have stated that manufacturing. The benefits are manufacturing is one of three becoming too strong to ignore: higher 1M “strategic themes” in the recently efficiencies and certainty around released Technology Roadmap for build programme, cost, quality Hours saved the industry. control and health and safety. at Heathrow’s But, there’s still a way to go before But the very word “prefab” will still Terminal T2A the UK embraces offsite the way that have some not so fab connotations in Germany, Japan or other countries some minds. This post-Second World War legacy saw cheap and temporary builds as a useful, if short-sighted, solution to surging needs in housing and infrastructure. In the intervening Denmark had decades, despite a few successes, the industry has become fragmented a major labour and yet to reach critical mass. But in recent years there has crisis in the 1960s been a change. Calls by successive governments to boost housing and which forced the infrastructure, and do it cheaper, industry to change almost forced the industry to look again at prefab. In the decade after “ the way it delivered

24 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 have done, says Ramboll managing director Matthew Riley: “I step back The capability and look at Denmark, that’s a country is quite that’s been doing it [prefab] since the 1960s, and 90% of construction there transformational and it is off site. To the extent that you’re a specialist if you do insitu. Which is puts developers and the complete reverse of what we do in the UK. clients a lot more in “This was because Denmark had “ a major labour crisis in the 1960s, control of the process which forced the industry to change the way it delivered. And they’ve not gone back since. And you might argue deliver homes 50% faster. But it is far what’s the equivalent crisis… Have from the only player. we got one? Is it Brexit?” What if the offsite factory mentality While there’s no labour crisis was moved on site? That’s what’s in the UK, yet, Brexit tremors are happened at the “jumping factory”, starting to result in lower growth recently trialled on a 30-storey for the industry as clients become residential building in east London more reluctant to spend and question by Mace. The 10-storey “factory” is a long-term commitments. The Office steel frame and tent that houses the for National Statistics estimates that gantries and cranes that configure the construction sector contracted by modular elements. The jumping 0.9% in the second quarter of 2017. factory is attached to the building’s And while offsite might make sense exterior and jacked up as floors amid macro changes on Brexit, it progress. While speeds of one storey also makes common sense at the a week are claimed, there have been street level. As concerns over air issues around logistics and deliveries quality and traffic disruptions rise, to site. moving messy, noisy and obstructive Another prototype of Factory construction away to a controlled Thinking is the flying factory. Skanska environment makes practical sense, is pushing this wagon, where the especially in big cities. This could manufacturing takes place in a pop- become one of the most convincing up facility, which is rented, built or arguments for Factory Thinking as occupied, near to site for the duration the population increasingly gravitates of the programme. These factories are towards cities. promptly abandoned at project’s end, Perhaps the best use of prefab and “fly” elsewhere. recently has been London’s Crossrail, The flying model avoids some certainly in terms of quantity. A total of the burdens of the larger offsite of 250,000 concrete tunnel segments manufacturing facilities, such as were manufactured near to site higher transport costs and the large at the specially fitted out Old Oak amount of initial capital investment. Common factory. In another factory, A pilot project in Slough, which huge robotic 3D printers created will fabricate fully serviced “utility large concrete moulds from wax used cupboards” for flats at London’s to cast concrete panels. And that’s Battersea Power Station, has been not mentioning the tunnel boring supported by a £750,000 grant from machine, in a way its own flying Innovate UK. factory, supplied by other factories. Developers are getting in on the Other examples include London’s action too. Vision Modular Systems, iconic Leadenhall Building which, associate company of developer/ with its tight footprint and contractor Tide Construction, is constraints around site storage, putting up large residential towers in was amazingly 85% manufactured a matter of months (see page 30). The offsite. And Heathrow’s Terminal company makes the fully fitted out T2A, with its deployment of modular concrete-based steel-framed modules M&E, claims to have saved 1M onsite offsite, fits them together, then working hours. transports entire apartments by lorry The most prominent name in to site where they are craned into Factory Thinking is Laing O’Rourke, place at the rate of 15 a week. namely after making some of the Could even further gains be made largest investments in offsite once automation replaces labour? manufacturing facilities, such as its Vision managing director Kieran Explore Industrial Park in Steetley. It White says the next step will not also leads a 21 company consortium be robots but “supply chain on another facility that aims to development”.

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 25 Factory Thinking Overview

25%: AMOUNT OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS THAT END UP IN LANDFILL

everything from electrical fittings, Riley. “The capability is quite Are we too kitchen fittings, doors, windows -- all transformational and I think it puts KEY FACTS delivered at the right amount and at clients and developers a lot more limited by the right time to ensure we are still in control of the process. Allows for making those efficiency gains.” significant time compression as well. our imagination? 50%-60% White adds that offsite construction I think the benefits are huge going It’s about thinking Estimated has better environmental and low forward, and through all of that you time savings carbon credentials than traditional get predictability.” differently, changing ways of working. Riley adds that one of the through “Where we go further on this challenges to innovation is “ is in transport – the number of procurement. “Where is the incentive the model modular transport movements for a project to invest in different design, different building is vastly reduced. Likewise your business models, going forward? waste in delivering materials to a You can deliver significant amounts “People will often quote you production line, as opposed to on of value to those projects and the trend that the major car site, hauling them up hoists, large programmes by driving a far more manufacturers follow – build a plant sideways movements, you will get efficient solution. That’s the sort of in a certain location, then within a more damage and wastage. I think paradigm shift we need to make. period of time all the key suppliers the industry as a whole needs better “But then are we too limited by will be dotted about it as a means of data around this, but it is definitely our imagination? It’s about thinking servicing it reliably,” he says. improved over traditional methods.” differently, changing the model. Some “This [model] applies to [Vision’s] And as technology makes of that might require policy, whether modular in particular because we traditional methods faster, “rapid that’s through central or local have a broader supply base than, say, option appraisal” is enabling government. a precast concrete panel maker who landowners and developers to model “I think the next generation of has a limited supply chain base of and manipulate designs, optimised at engineers will have a fundamentally rebar, aggregate and cement. We need later and later stages, says Ramboll’s different skillset. I could see a world

26 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 INNOVATIVE PRECAST

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Because you can leave the design 57%: stage later and later, towards the end of the PERCENTAGE OF “project, it reduces the HOMES BUILT chance of change even OFFSITE BY LARGE happening UK HOUSING in, say, five years where 30%-40% of our resource is non-engineers. ASSOCIATIONS Those sorts of changes we’ve already started to see come through already.” Certainly this is reflected elsewhere in the company, where the design and modelling for gantry systems is coming close to full automation (see page 34). With a background in product design, Ramboll director of bridges Simon Benfield is leading the system and says part of Factory Thinking is simply about reducing potential changes and uncertainty. “If you’re repeating tasks, you gain confidence in the process, you can do it better, faster, and they feed back to us, what the little niggles in the process are, and we’ll try to tweak designs to take those out. “Because everything is linked, as change occurs through the project, and naturally it always does … these systems reduce the time and money spent on addressing change. “And because you can leave the design stage later and later, towards the end of the project, it reduces the chance of change even happening.” But there is increasing competition from other civil engineering and software companies hoping to build similar systems. The Ramboll team seems confident they are out in front. “We come across other companies doing this, from time to time. But I don’t think there’s anyone who’s taken it quite to this level yet,” says Benfield. What’s clear from talking with those working in offsite construction – those with the specialised, technological roles -- is a general view that Factory Thinking has a far bigger role to play in the industry, than it currently does. N

28 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 BUILDING A BETTER FUTURE

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Factory Thinking

he UK needs more houses. About 250,000 a year, according to some estimates, to stabilise prices and provide enough affordable homes. PREFAB’S But the country only produced T164,000 for 2015/2016, according to the National House Building Council. While part of this failure is down to red tape and the planning system, the recent Farmer Review of the UK Construction Labour Model puts the issue plainly: “Modernise or die”. A veteran of the construction industry and head of Cast NEW DAWN Consultancy, Mark Farmer says a WHY OFFSITE MANUFACTURE IS BEING SEEN potential 20%-25% decline in the available labour force within a decade will further damage hopes of AS A SOLUTION TO THE UK’S HOUSING CRISIS hitting any targets, including the BY ROBERT HENSON government’s for 200,000 a year. Farmer’s solution? Move to pre-manufactured solutions. Farmer name checks Laing

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NCE-91x231-Sept17.indd 1 09/06/2017 22:38 Factory Thinking Housing

O’Rourke and Legal & General’s new It’s just a mega-factories as two of the biggest examples of best practice in different way increasing the predictability of time, cost and quality. of thinking and once But many other smaller companies are also springing up both in the UK you’ve been through and overseas to service the growing sector. one it just becomes a One such is Vision Modular “ Systems, associate company of Tide way of working Construction. It has about 150 staff at its Bedford manufacturing hub where every year 2,000 modules of We include features whether they be steel-framed walls and concrete floors oriel windows, mansard details, are fully fitted out and shipped to the balconies, cantilevered modules. UK and Europe. Two of these modular On the whole I think it is true there units are sealed together as whole is that perception, but it’s a single-bedroom apartments, perception from those who haven’t dispatched on the back of a trailer analysed and thought how to apply a and hoisted into place on site. modular solution.” The latest example of Vision’s Perceptions around how high modular approach is Savoy Circus, modular can go are also changing. a purpose-built student While there are some claims about a accommodation scheme on the site modular skyscraper built in China in of a former cinema in Acton, west 90 days, the world’s tallest modular London. The halls of residence will building is more likely be the 32-storey stand at seven storeys, offering 306 residential tower in Brooklyn, in the studio apartments, 338 modules in United States. It comprises 960 total, with communal spaces – all apartment-sized modules and the going up in less than six months. developer claims 90% of the structure “We are looking at programme was built in a nearby factory. savings of circa 50% compared to Vision is not far behind, going up to traditional build,” says Vision’s 28 storeys, says White, adding that managing director Kieran White. The first module more resources need to be committed there is no upper limit on modular, as “Assume you have a site where goes in at Savoy early on in the programme. long as the loads are based around an you have site clearance, you’ve got Circus “That earlier decision making is insitu concrete core. piling underground preparation work, difficult for some projects, “From a structural engineering deep basement, all the rest of it,” particularly for some clients, but it’s perspective, you do need to think explains White. “Once all that’s been just a different way of thinking and about that vertical load transfer. done we can get on to the fine detail once you’ve been through one it just You’ve got some flexibility in terms work, manufacturing the modules in becomes a way of working,” says of varying layouts, and it’s got to be the factory, and once the above White. within reason, but as you stack one ground work, base levels, concrete “I think for the consultants, storey on top of another, you try to cores are in position we can start whether they be architects or get that vertical load transfer along a lifting modules and installing them.” engineers, there isn’t that much number of grid lines. It is at this stage where most of the difference, apart from a little earlier “We always try is to steer clients time saving happens – the structures engagement. towards putting tank rooms and other go up extremely quickly, at a rate of “We’ve worked with a lot of heavy localised loads in basements or about 15 modules a week. architects, they get it quite quickly on ground floors, because if it’s To succeed in this sector, once they realise how the system further up such as on the roof, the companies must initially develop works and what the particular wall load-bearing walls will need their own proprietary systems, build ups are, how you can handle additional steel for strengthening.” developed over years or decades, junctions in one module and another.” Vision’s system has passed various with varying modular system types Another hurdle is preconceptions standards, including CE accreditation, for steel, cross-laminated timber and about the aesthetics of modular and has endorsement from the British pre-cast concrete. housing: cheap, boxy and impersonal. Board of Agrémont, Local Authority The next challenge comes on But White says this is ill-informed, Building Control and the Buildoffsite individual projects. When more and an outdated legacy from what Property Assurance Scheme. “All of design work is done up front, the “prefabricated” used to mean. those are badges of pride which we client needs to be convinced that “We challenge them in this regard. carry that say this system has passed

32 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 the tests for these various institutions, which happen almost on a six-monthly basis. Then we have our own quality control team to make TRANSPORT VIEW sure everything, from the structure to the fire performance, is above board.” But one thing Vision has yet to truly measure is the carbon benefit of the system over insitu building. It is confident its system is better due to UNLOCKING faster speed of construction. White says about 90% less waste is produced on site over traditional build. There is also 75% less personnel on site, and 60% less deliveries. CAPACITY Most of these advantages are already well known. Pre-fabricated housing has been in the lexicon as far back as the 1970s for public housing. So what’s behind the latest big push? And where is it heading? Given the capacity need to balance the risk and reward of different White says in the last couple of issues facing the approaches. At one extreme is the “fix it when it years a number of large companies UK’s railways, with breaks” option – but this is expensive, disruptive have committed to modular. “Clearly many services and the least safe option. The other extreme is Laing O’Rourke has been vocal in its running at or near to have regular planned maintenance – however, commitment to it. Then Legal & full capacity during this can be wasteful in time and resource if General, firstly committing to getting peak periods, the maintenance is unnecessary. into the private rental sector, shortly Ian upgrade of London The panacea of maintenance, therefore, is afterwards announcing it would work Jones Underground’s condition-monitoring, whereby maintenance is on delivery, and a key way to enable Victoria line is a undertaken only when required. As the panacea, it that is building its own factory. The perfect example is of course the most difficult to achieve, but given tier one contractors are making of what can be achieved – working within the the wealth of data we now collect from the control statements that I think have given a constraints of existing infrastructure. centre, on-board trains and the infrastructure, it lot of confidence to the sector. Following the completion of the two-year has become a realistic option. “The other thing is that businesses upgrade programme, from May 2017, trains have Reliability, though, is not just a function of the such as ours have become assets that been pulling into the Victoria line’s stations every infrastructure’s performance, with Transport are readily accepted by the 100 seconds during peak hours, with 3,000 extra for London estimating that around 60% of lost investment sector, which is becoming passengers able to travel every hour during these customer hours are caused by human factors: extremely keen on modular periods. This 36 trains per hour operation makes it for example people falling ill, or luggage trapped production techniques.” the UK’s highest frequency metro line – and one of in doors. Planning for these apparently random More activity in the private rented the highest frequency lines in the world. events is more difficult, but the Victoria line sector also lends itself particularly to Of course, achieving this performance milestone upgrade work enabled short periods of operation modular manufacturing, says White: is one thing, but the key to long-term success is at 38 trains per hour and in some circumstances “Let’s say you take a scheme with a maintaining reliability, a requirement which was even 39 trains, enabling the operator to return to couple of hundred units in it. And if central to the Victoria line’s two major upgrade the timetable quickly and efficiently. you’re building that speculatively and programmes, with exhaustive planning, testing and Finally, we are seeing the Victoria line starting it’s for private sale. The developer simulation undertaken to effectively “destruction to change human behaviour on the Underground will want to assess the market, hold test” the system in a laboratory environment. – particularly people running for trains and off on decisions such as level of the Working in collaboration with the software risking getting trapped in doors to catch one. fit-out, see what the sales rates are supplier, engineering and operations testing teams The regularity of the service means people now looking like. That flies in the face of were tasked with trying to break the system. know they do not have to rush, because as efficiencies in having it If they succeeded, the scenario that caused a one train departs, the next one is less than two pre-manufactured offsite. failure was carefully examined and the probability minutes away. “Whereas within the rented sector of it occurring in an operational environment ● Ian Jones is key account manager at Siemens the developer/owner-operator of that determined. If there was 0% chance of this, no Rail Automation UK will be upfront, saying ‘yes, I want a further action was required, but if there was any mix of types and will want to know possibility, a solution was developed. This work exactly what they’re fitting it out gave the delivery team enormous confidence with’. So it lends itself to those during the installation and operational phases. decisions being made earlier in the With ongoing maintenance, there is clearly a contractor client discussions.” N

AUGUST 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 33 Design and modelling automation is speeding up the smart motorways agenda

Factory Thinking

n a computer at Ramboll’s London headquarters, a gantry designs itself. At least, it SIGN OF appears to. The road sign structure starts as a few white Olines on black screen, then jumps outwards and upwards, growing like a tree, as lines becoming bolts, ladders and struts. “It goes off, gets the data. You sit back, make a coffee,” says Ramboll engineer Tom Channell. “We’ve had to move the kettle a bit closer now, THE TIMES the designs come out too quick,” laughs Ramboll director, bridges, RAMBOLL IS REAPING THE BENEFITS AFTER Simon Benfield. This unique automated software AUTOMATING THE DESIGN OF GANTRIES solution for design and modelling of gantries has reduced a task that used BY ROBERT HENSON to take weeks, down to mere hours. The first steps towards this automation of design were made in the 1970s, when the first set of

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“modular types” were produced We’re able to take by Ramboll for the Department for Transport. Toward the end of a longer view on the 1990s, these drawings became “ standardised into a set of frames investment, and and additional parts. These modular solutions became progressively more quite a chunk of the closely linked through spreadsheet- based analysis. profit gets fed back The final step was full automation. Set the parameters – width, height, into R&D location; set the features – signs, lights etcetera; and click. “The product itself links to a database offsite,” he says. “So it really is a case in the backend… containing all the of lifting into place and connecting geometrical data to make a gantry. cables. An experienced fabricator can And all this does is ping it, asking put one of our gantries up in about 10 it for the data to make it,” explains minutes.” Channell. Fixing existing structures is quick “We’re able to tie all this together, Digital models allow too: a laser scan can be produced, so that this process that would have for faster design and allowing a view of every bolt and taken days, using traditional software lower cost plate of a pre-existing gantry. This methods, takes just minutes,” says scan creates a point cloud, generating Benfield. a 3D model. Then, using Advanced It looks simple, but there’s a lot Steel, the model can be retrofitted going on in the background. The main Then, for new designs, Highways with additional elements, which are tools are C# programming language England stipulates a “Category 2” exported to a federated model for the and AutoCad Advanced Steel -- KEY FACT double-check process, whereby client, connecting all the available Ramboll opted for these after trialling another team, using different data for the ongoing management of a number of others. methods, effectively “do the design the asset. Standard elements of the gantry 300 again” and the two sets of answers The driving ideology behind the and a library of structural frames Number are compared. “That second check overall system is a “product-based are converted into a library of BIM of gantries process is the one that takes a bit approach”, says Benfield, who has models. Using C# to tie it all together, more time, because they have to use some experience in this area, as a the result is a dialog box, where the designed different processes,” says Benfield. chartered product designer. He uses user can simply click to select the by Ramboll A BIM model pops out at the end, an example from car manufacturing: requirements in their design. but BIM is not yet used industry-wide “So if you want to buy a Jaguar, you After hitting “go”, the complex each year and there’s a requirement to provide don’t just get it the way it rolls off analysis begins, lines are set and 2D drawings. “Some [fabricators] will the production line, you say ‘I want it changed, overlapped and offset, all just take our 3D models, while others green, with certain tyres, stereo…’” while the computer thinks about are still very much working off 2D The team is seeking a similar level Eurocodes and calculates loads, such drawings,” adds Benfield. of customisation and standardisation as likely wind speeds. “There are a number of in gantries. “It’s running through all the load development ideas,” he adds. “We’re Ramboll designs about 300 gantries cases proposed by the Eurocodes… it now talking about the potential to a year, and has about 95% of the road gets ridiculous, there’s something like generate… the drawings for each gantry market in the UK. Any uptick 6,000 cases,” says Channell. “When individual part that goes out on to in speed is crucial, for a few reasons. you’re working with a smaller gantry, the shop floor. Historically they’ve The first is profit. “If you were to it’s fairly simple. But when you’re generated those, but with this level say the initial design and modelling working to larger sizes, the amount of of automation, is this a service we would account for 50% of the cost bolts and every little element grows can offer?” of a job, and we’re cutting 80% of exponentially.” Benfield says feedback from that out, so it’s 80% of 50% that is The thousands of lines of contractors, the supply chain and disappearing. That’s the initial cost programming code iron out the roads authorities are fed back into the saving,” says Benfield. conservatism that would traditionally process again and again to improve But he says the processes have be built into an engineer’s design. speed and quality. “Putting these been driven more by a business ideal, But once finished, the design must gantries up takes a lot of motorway the long-term view. “We’re able to still be tested. First, old designs were space, in some cases it needs to be take a longer view on investment, and run through the new automated completely closed. So we tailor the quite a chunk of the profit gets fed system, to ensure it was spitting out design so they can be erected very back into research and development. the right answers. quickly, fully fabricated and fitted out Second, being faster makes the

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This isn’t about removing people INFRASTRUCTURE VIEW from the process, it’s about improving “people. It frees them SAFER up from the grind, the repetitive tasks BY DESIGN team more flexible, and insulates against late changes to programmes. “It’s great that the client can come back and say ‘I don’t really want the sign there…I want it 5mm that way’,” Over the past 27 within the road network of a new housing says Channell. “And it’s all done years I’ve made development. through a quick dialog box entry thousands of visits The average depth of the pipes was over 4m, rather than having to do a traditional to a wide variety requiring excavations and working trenches to CAD modification.” of construction suit. Perhaps out of routine, the pipes specified Third, Benfield says running the sites, ranging from by the designer were traditional concrete pipes. designs quicker through automation small residential At this point, in the interests of openness allows more options to be explored, Mark developments and honesty, I should state that the primary and in more depth. The computer Stanway through to many reason my company received the enquiry was can weigh up thousands of options at of the largest because the civil engineering contractor is a a time, finding the best way to drive construction and regular installer of our pipes, and knew that down structural weight and cost. “If infrastructure projects in the UK. by changing from concrete to composite steel you were to look at the gantries we Throughout this period there has been a reinforced polyethylene AquaSpira pipes they designed in the mid-70s, at today’s progressive, highly visual improvement in the would take 30% off the programme time and prices they’re more than double the status of site safety, and a corresponding cultural installed costs etc. But they are equally committed cost,” he says. change in the policies and practice of most clients to reducing risk and enhancing the safety of their Finally, an automated process helps and contractors. Slogans such as “zero harm” and staff, especially those working in and around deep to attract and retain talent. “This “be safe” are now prevalent on every major site. excavations [automation] isn’t about removing This is clearly a very positive step forward, but While the commercial and efficiency benefits people from the process, it’s about when I return to my office and change my “hard were significant, the safety benefits were much improving people,” says Benfield. hat” to my “technical hat”, I notice an unfortunate greater: AquaSpira pipes weighed 219kg compared “It frees them up from the grind, the disconnect between the aspirational slogans on with 3,600kg for concrete pipes which, in addition repetitive tasks. It allows us to work site, and the products and requisite methods of to the obvious safety implications, enabled on a wider range of more interesting construction that appear on many of the design 66% more pipes to be loaded on each vehicle, projects. It helps us develop people drawings we receive. dramatically reducing the number of site deliveries and develop as a business because I am therefore often left wondering whether the from 45 to just 14. we have happier people, higher staff genuine aspirations for improved site safety are Pipes were offloaded by a machine with forks in retention, business growth.” being effectively communicated to the individual five minutes and 30% less excavation was required In future, the next step for the team engineers and technicians who are producing the and installation was faster, resulting in deep will be creating a true automated link detailed designs, and specifying products and excavations open for 40% less time. I could go on… between the design and modelling methods of construction. It is evident from this that simple ideas and – removing the hoops that separate The next, obvious question, is whether the changes at the design stage can often have the pieces of software need to jump very same designers and technicians are aware of biggest impact on site safety. through. “The ultimate BIM idea is the enormous impact that their detailed designs ● Mark Stanway is a director of AquaSpira one ‘blob of stuff’, which you can do have on the risk profile and ultimate safety at the analysis from, modelling from, and construction stage of the project? …And: how not even blink, it’s just there. That’s closely is their output aligned with the aspirations where all this is going, reaching that for minimising risk on site? BIM ideal,” says Channell. By way of a simple, yet routine example: I But, he admits, this ideal world recently received a drawing for a typical project could either come very soon, or not with 700m of 1,200mm diameter drainage pipes at all. N

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1601 Jablite nce halfpage AW.indd 1 03/08/2017 13:51 CRAFTINGTech Excellence THE PAST A £34M REVAMP OF KEW GARDENS’ TEMPERATE HOUSE DEMANDED DELICATE ENGINEERING BY FIONA MCINTYRE

ach year, nearly 2M people Clockwise from Nearly 70,000 steel, iron, glass visit Temperate House, above right: and timber components had to located in the south west A tent covered be removed to be restored offsite. corner of Royal Botanical the glasshouses; Trees that could be easily damaged Gardens in Kew, west almost 70,000 by construction work surround the London. items were glasshouse. Inside, while most plants The structure – the world’s largest carefully could be removed and re-bedded, EVictorian glasshouse – originally removed and several trees had to be protected. opened to the public in the 1890s, tagged; the In addition, scaffolding was not and time had taken its toll. Creepers covered exterior; allowed to touch the structure. wound around pillars and pushed timber was To further complicate matters, against the glass roof. The cool and restored offsite the structure was given an aesthetic moist atmosphere required for the refurbishment in the 1970s, before the rare flora had caused delicately building was given listed status. This carved timber to rot. Outside, gutters meant the 1970s alterations were also had become damaged, spilling water protected. on to steel and cast iron, corroding Another constraint was created intricate Victorian metalwork. In 2012, Temperate House was placed on Historic England’s Heritage at Risk register, which identifies important buildings at risk of being Nearly 70,000 lost to decay. Major restoration work was needed to save the Grade I-listed steel, iron, structure. In 2014, construction company ISG was tasked with glass and timber rescuing the building. “What they wanted from us was components had to someone who would treat it with the TLC that it required,” explains ISG be removed to be project director Shane Mason. “ The challenge was significant. restored offsite

40 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 No one will ever know [the woodwork has been restored] but it’s nice “to know that it has been done properly

by the lead paint covering the structure. This had to be removed using grit blasting and the resulting dust was a pollution risk to the surrounding gardens. To mitigate this, a water- and air-tight tent encased each glasshouse, under which work could safely take place. This was held up by birdcage scaffolding underneath, which could support the tent without placing any pressure on the glasshouse. But the trees inside were still exposed. It was decided they should be covered in their own mini tents, complete with heating systems and monitors so the gardens’ horticultural team could keep an eye on them. During restoration, the trees’ needs posed their own set of challenges. Restoring part of the structure which could not be removed involved spraying a crushed garnet sand, causing material to settle on top of the interior tents, blocking light for the trees. “When you spray this sand all over the steel structure at high level, it falls down onto that tent and you’ve got to clean the tent off,” says Mason, explaining that a specific level of light needed to be maintained for the trees to stay healthy. Working with Victorian materials meant ISG had to source skilled workers such as joiners, painters and experts in lead work for the restoration. “I don’t think we would’ve been allowed to [use modern techniques] because of the listing,” says Mason. The primary aim of restoration was to conserve the building, so the team kept as much of the original material as possible. But many timber beams had rotten sections which could not be saved. Instead of removing the whole beam, as little as possible of the damaged wood was cut off and joiners created replica sections designed to fit in with the existing material unnoticed. “No one will ever know [the woodwork has been restored] but it’s

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 41 Tech Excellence Temperate House, Kew

We’ve had a database which KEY FACTS A LABOUR OF LOVE has maintained a £34M First proposed in the early 1850s by the Treasury – equivalent to about Kew Gardens’ first director, Sir William £1.2M today. register of where every Value of Hooker, the finished Temperate House Work ground to a halt in 1863, refurbishment did not open to the public until 1899. £19,000 over budget. Years passed before the north and single piece of the project Made up of three sections – north, south glasshouses were added, finally “ south and central glasshouses – the making Hooker’s idea – and renowned building is at any entire design was an ambitious 191m in Victorian architect Decimus Burton’s one time 70,000 length and up to 18m high. design – a reality in the late 1890s. Number of But money troubles set the project From start to finish, it had taken 39 back: construction of the central years. Once open, the ornate cast iron nice to know that it has been done individual section started in 1860 and the scheme and steel structure housed rare and properly,” says Mason. components quickly burned through £10,000 from exotic plants from around the globe. Some damage required a more typical construction solution. In the removed and north and south blocks, corrosion repaired damage to the original Victorian been carried out, cleaning revealed also posed a challenge. As Kew masonry encased steelwork was the extent of the corrosion in some Gardens is a working attraction open discovered. To stop further damage, sections. Following repairs where to the public seven days a week, cathodic protection was installed. appropriate, the metal was given restrictions were inevitable. During the refurbishment in the a light blast with crushed garnet – “Anything that’s going to affect late 1970s, parts of the original which is heavier and produces less the gardens we do pre-10am,” says building were removed and replaced dust than other blast abrasives – just Mason, who gets up at around 4.30am with modern materials, such as before a primer coat was added, to to come to site. aluminium window frames. But as the make sure the material was in the Small entry gates prevent structure was later heritage listed, the best condition to receive the paint. articulated lorries from accessing the team were restricted to using a light Two more coats of paint were site, so suppliers have had to give restorative steam clean, rather than applied for protection before a fourth more consideration than usual to a full replacement using traditional was added for colour. Once restored what they bring to Kew. materials. each component had to be carefully Despite these obstacles, Mason The glazing was different. None of returned to the exact location it was says communication and relationship the original Victorian glass remained taken from. building with the 150-strong team was when ISG began work. Some of the Two offsite restoration hubs and the biggest challenge. 1970s glass was retained, while one storage facility held the many “On top of our team here, we’ve vertical panes in clerestory windows thousands of building components probably got as big a team in terms in the north and south blocks were while they were repaired. Items of all the leaders of all the various removed and restored. But much of ranged from wrought iron rafters supply chains as well,” he says. the glass was beyond restoration, weighing several tonnes each, to The contractor is on track to and 5,653m² of new 4mm thick clear 12mm long fixings. As a result, leave Kew in December, giving the float glass was installed across managing each piece was a logistical horticultural team plenty of time to Temperate House. challenge. bed-in the plants before Temperate At the start of the programme, “Control has been tight and very House reopens in May 2018. each component had to be carefully well managed I would say,” says Although the team will be onsite labelled and logged in a database to Mason, explaining how each piece until December, the restoration will ensure nothing was missed during the was individually tagged and tracked not be under cover for much longer. restoration programme. during its time offsite. The protective tent structure has Starting at the top of the north “We’ve had a database which has already been taken down from the block, 69,151 components were maintained a register of where every north and south blocks, and the removed from the glasshouse and single piece of the building is at any central block will soon follow. taken offsite to be restored. one time, so whether it was offsite, And they are looking forward On the cast iron and steel segments whether it was in our storage area, to the reaction from visitors when an ultra-high pressure wash was whether it was onsite or whether it it opens. “We’re unveiling something used at 241N/mm2 to strip layers had been fixed on the building. An now, aren’t we,” enthuses Mason. of paint, accumulated over many awful lot of it has now been fixed “There’s thousands of visitors years, without damaging the metal onto the building; we’ve still got that coming here [Kew Gardens] every underneath. register running.” day – fairly soon they’ll be able to see Although an initial survey had Bringing materials onto site has the whole thing.” N

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250717_PCL-16-366 RXL Tank and Chambers Campaign_SAVE_TIME_AD_210x265mm.indd 1 25/07/2017 11:33 Tech Excellence

Computer rendering of the Maggie’s Centre at Bart’s

hreading a 40t crane through a Grade I-listed 18th century gatehouse was just one of the challenges that faced the team on a historic site in London. TSt Bartholomew’s hospital first opened its doors in the 12th Century, and has occupied the same site TIGHTLY ever since. Much of its impressive architecture is Grade I listed. Some dates back to medieval times and is classified as a Scheduled Monument. So slotting in an unashamedly avant garde building into such sensitive surroundings was always going to be a major challenge for designers and contractors. Replacing an unremarkable brick- clad 1960s building tacked onto one SQUEEZED end of the hospital’s 18th century A MAGGIE’S CANCER CARE CENTRE IS BEING Great Hall is the latest in a long series of Maggie’s Centres. These offer free practical, emotional and social SHOEHORNED INTO A TINY LONDON SITE support to cancer sufferers and their families, usually in iconic buildings BY DAVE PARKER designed by leading architects. Virtually all of these are low rise: at Bart’s the restricted footprint of

44 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 Street Tech Excellence Maggie’s Centre, Bart’s

There was never more than 100mm clearance around the crane as it “went through the gate the Maggie’s Centre site required the architect to go for a three-storey design, plus a single-storey basement. On such an historic site it might be expected that basement and foundation design could be dictated by unpredictable discoveries below ground. Structural engineer Arup associate Derek Roberts, however, says no major obstructions were discovered after ground was broken in June 2015. “A 10-week archaeological investigation only revealed a Roman defensive ditch running diagonally across the site, and seven skeletons from the Roman Progress on site, 29 June period,” says Roberts. “Most of what was uncovered was the remains of Victorian cellars and medieval foundations.” Of more immediate concern was the early 20th century service duct that crosses the site just outside the new building’s footprint. Proximity to one wing of the Georgian hospital buildings also posed an unusual challenge, Roberts adds. “The building close by houses a high-tech machine called a gamma knife, which is used to treat brain cancer. As a result, we had to always minimise vibration, particularly when driving the sheet pile basement walls.” A Giken “press-in” piling rig was the solution to this particular challenge. The fully tanked basement is just above the water table, while the 500mm thick raft foundation sits on the interface between the underlying sands and clays. Logistics were perhaps the biggest headache for the site team after new construction began in autumn last year. “Everything has to come in through the Henry VIII gate, then take a sharp Asymmetrical curves and angles create a “branching” concrete frame

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siemens.com/wincc-open-architecture Tech Excellence Maggie’s Centre, Bart’s

We used 4.5m high paper- WHO IS MAGGIE? faced ply formwork Since 1996 a total of 21 Maggie’s Centres have opened, all but one in the and created the shapes grounds of NHS hospitals. by box-outs The exception is the Maggie’s Centre “ in Hong Kong, which moved to a permanent home in 2013. left around the church of Saint Most are associated with big name Bartholomew the Less, which was architects, such as Frank Gehry, Zaha built in the 15th century,” explains Hadid and Richard Rogers. But the Sir Robert McAlpine project question most people ask is: “Who is manager Mark Love. Maggie?” “There was never more than A talented writer, artist and garden 100mm clearance around the crane designer, Maggie Keswick Jenks was as it went through the gate, and the married to the writer and landscape piling rig was also a tight fit,” he architect Charles Jenks. adds. In 1993 she was told her breast The narrow passage between cancer had returned and her life Maggie Maggie’s), dedicated to the idea of the church and the Great Hall gives expectancy was as little as two Keswick Jencks providing drop-in centres open to all access to a very restricted site, months. She took part in an advanced in her garden who have been affected by cancer in with only around 50m2 outside the chemotherapy trial, living for another in Portrack, some way. new building’s footprint available 18 months before dying in 1995 at the Scotland She and her husband believed in the for the crane and materials storage. age of 54. power of buildings to uplift and inspire. Fortunately, the project team was During her final months, Maggie The first Centre, housed in a converted able to find a home in the Grade I and her husband set up the Maggie stable block in the grounds of the listed gatehouse itself, which dates Keswick Jenks Cancer Caring Trust Western General Infirmary, Edinburgh, from 1702. (which now refers to itself simply as opened in 1996. “We had to refurbish the office and welfare spaces,” Love reports. “In the process we discovered a something of an understatement. Linking the new centre and the 1m square hole in the roof – which He adds: “The floor-to-ceiling heights Great Hall was fairly straightforward, explained the puddles on the floor.” are up to 4.85m, and the roof itself KEY FACT Roberts reports. The two buildings At first sight, the main structure was particularly difficult, with tricky will share a new lift and access stairs, of the new Centre is bafflingly twists and warps.” with the shaft inside the Centre, complex. Asymmetrical curves Although floors were polished 1123 despite a significant disparity in floor and angles create what New York- and aggregate exposed on the Year that St levels that presents users with more based architect Steven Holl dubs stair tread and risers, there was no choices than usual. There will be “a branching concrete frame… requirement for an unusually high Bartholomew’s new toilets for the Great Hall in the that branches like a hand”. The standard of finish on most of the Hospital was Centre’s new basement. design stems from an early-morning exposed frame. A straightforward founded There is very little tolerance watercolour sketch by Holl, who C40 mix was supplied by London between the distinctive cladding envisioned the building as a “vessel Concrete and skipped into place. panels, Love says, adding “but within a vessel within a vessel”. Forming the complex geometry they’re getting on very well, probably Translucent matt finished glass turned out to be rather simpler than because we constructed a full- cladding with coloured glass inserts might be expected, says Love. scale mock-up on site right at the forms the outer “vessel”, while “Basically we used 4.5m high paper- beginning, and learned a lot from internally the fair face concrete faced ply formwork and created the that”. structure remains exposed on shapes by box-outs. Wall thickness When the new Centre opens next the vertical elements. A solid was a constant 350mm.” spring it will be topped by a roof bamboo balustrade wraps around He also pays tribute to falsework garden, an oasis of tranquillity amid the winding open internal insitu subcontractor Realtime Civil the bustle of one of London’s busiest concrete staircase. Cantilevered Engineering. Integrating the curved hospitals. By then its controversial from the main frame, this stair links lattice shell with the internal insitu architecture is likely to be much all three storeys. staircase was particularly challenging, better accepted, and those who need Roberts describes the design but Realtime devised an elegant and its unique services are likely to be the as “geometrically challenging” – impressive solution. most appreciative. N

48 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 UNDERGROUND TECHNOLOGY TEAM SPECIALISTS IN UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION AND MINING

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Untitled-1 1 31/07/2017 08:53 Tech Bites NEW INNOVATIONS THAT WILL TRANSFORM YOUR PROJECTS NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/TECH-EXCELLENCE

INFRASTRUCTURE MAP SHOWS PAST AND FUTURE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

An interactive map showing past, present and future construction projects in London has been launched by mayor Sadiq Khan. The app, which is the second phase of London’s Infrastructure Mapping Application, uses both public and private sector data to map out transport, water, energy and building projects in the capital. It is hoped the map will provide a step change in being able to integrate “fragmented” infrastructure and development data for users to plan better infrastructure projects. The map is targeted at a range of users from engineers and contractors to utility companies, housebuilders, developers and regulators.

TRANSPORT ENERGY TRANSPORT JACOBS HIRED TO LAING JOINS FIVE NEW TRAIN STATIONS IN ENGLAND EXPLORE OPTIONS ROLLS-ROYCE JV AND WALES GET THE GO AHEAD FOR OXBRIDGE FOR INNOVATIVE CORRIDOR NUCLEAR PROJECT

Jacobs has won a £15M Laing O’Rourke has joined Highways England contract to the Rolls-Royce-led British develop solutions for the consortium looking to win long-awaited 150km Oxford-to- government funding to develop Cambridge Expressway project. its small modular reactor The two-year project will focus (SMR) programme. Laing joins on development of the corridor Rolls-Royce, Amec Foster between the M1 and M40 Wheeler, the Nuclear Advanced motorways. Transport links Manufacturing Research Centre, between the two cities are Arup and Nuvia in the joint The Department for Transport Bow Street in Ceredigion, currently poor, with congested venture, which is designing a has given the green light for Wales and Portway Parkway roads and no direct rail link. factory-sized nuclear plant. five new railway stations to be near Bristol will be built. The A report commissioned by the A government funding built around England and Wales. government said the stations National Infrastructure competition was expected to Under the £16M deal, stations in would improve access to the Commission said the corridor close by the autumn, but Horden Peterlee in Co Durham, rail network and create new connecting the cities could political events have delayed Warrington West in Cheshire, leisure, training, employment become the UK’s Silicon Valley. the deadline. Reading Green Park (pictured), and business opportunities.

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BCI_AWD72_FP AD.indd 1 09/08/2017 13:41 World View PHOTO MIKAEL ULLĒN PHOTO

Tunnelling under the blue line tracks

52 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 STOCKHOLM SYNDROME COMPLEX WORK BELOW SWEDEN’S CAPITAL IS SET TO RELIEVE PRESSURE ON EXISTING RAIL LINES BY KATHERINE SMALE

weden has just celebrated line and the Blue line, the lowest. the completion of one of The steel had Nowhere was the work more its most ambitious complicated than when creating the infrastructure projects. to be measured escalator barrels between the new The new 6km-long line and the Blue line above. There tunnelled City line, to fit on site – each was just 4m between the bottom of dubbed the Crossrail of Stockholm, cavern is 250m long the Blue line tunnel and the top of the Sruns between Tomteboda in the north new line, which runs at right angles to and Stockholm South, doubling track and that’s a lot of steel it. As a result, creating the necessary capacity through the city centre. “ headroom along the barrel meant Until now, all rail traffic, including special measures had to be taken to commuter, long distance, regional 2,000t of explosive was used in protect the Blue line and three and freight trains, has run on two around 5,000 blasts. separate closures during consecutive ageing overground tracks, creating Although Stockholm is founded on summers were required. bottlenecks and delays. Now the new relatively stable hard gneiss rock, During first of the closures, line is open, all commuter trains will construction of the tunnels and contractor NCC removed a 25m go through the tunnels, relieving station voids still presented several section of Blue line tracks and pressure on the existing line. challenges to the engineers, notably replaced the rock underneath with a Although the concept was first at the two new stations – Odenplan to heavy duty steel bridge to protect the mooted in 1988, it took until around the north and City Station – which tunnel from blasting below. The tracks 2005 when congestion reached a were designed by consultant WSP and were then replaced and the line critical level before action was taken constructed by NCC. reopened. In the second closure, by the Swedish government. City Station is now Sweden’s largest blasting in the immediate vicinity took Construction on the project – with underground station. There, the line place to create the escalator barrel. a total cost of around SEK16.8bn separates into two pairs of two tracks “In the first place we built this (£1.6bn) – started in late 2009. With with 12m-wide, 240m-long platforms temporary steel bridge, then we cut the project split into sections for running through the middle of each out the rock with diamond wire,” says separate contractors, it took three pair, creating within two 27.5m-wide project director Robert Colliander, years to drill and blast the tunnel, two platform rooms. who worked on this job in a number new stations, a service tunnel parallel City station is built directly under of roles, firstly for WSP then later for to the main tunnel and 21 cross Stockholm’s existing T-Centralen his own company Colliander passages. Fit-out took a further 18 metro station. The tunnels and large Infrakonsult. “Drill a hole, feed in the months, and testing of the systems platform voids are constructed wire and then mechanically pull it and tracks has been carried out around 35m to 45m below three back. It’s quite quick – the cut for this during the past 18 months. Some existing lines: the Red line, the Green took around four days for every 15m.”

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 53 World View Stockholm City line

We cut out ODENPLAN the rock with TOMTEBODA N diamond wire. It’s NEW CITY LINE quite quick – the E20 cut for this took “ EXISTING LINE around four days for every 15m CITY STATION TT--C-CeCentralenntr Metro Station

In addition, near to the escalator barrel, a late change to the design meant a new lift connecting the line Ridderfjärden with the underground concourse above presented problems of its own – the position of the lift now came down through one of the rock pillars STOCKHOLM – so it was back to the drawing board SOUTH to analyse the pillar to ensure the residual capacity was enough to still Stockholms Södra support the concourse above. 500m “We have these rock pillars in the platform cavern and the project decided to come down from the north the rock is only 2.5m thick. of the concourse,” says Rosengren “When we did the platform Bergkonsult’s Lars Rosengren. cavern, we created a little tunnel at Bergkonsult worked as a the bottom first because we wanted subconsultant for WSP on the rock to make sure the rock was as mechanical engineering. anticipated,” says Rosengren.

“There is an old rule of thumb in MIKAEL ULLĒN PHOTO “We then made sure there were no mining, and that is you take out weakness zones before we did the maximum 80% of the rock and leave main blast. We then did the full 27.5m 20%. But in this area we have left by 5.8m in one go. It was shaking!” much less. Now we have the modern He says creating each section took methods to calculate how much you around a week. This included need and it’s much more accurate.” blasting, clearing out the loose rock, Using numerical modelling – finite scaling the surface and then element analysis – to estimate the reinforcing it. deformations and the stresses in the like other places in Europe as it’s very Drilling and Fitting out the new platform voids rock, the team was able to compare expensive to build a lining say 500mm blasting in the was also a challenge. Colliander the results to the strength of the rock to 1.2m thick to keep the water out,” tunnels explains that while the engineering and work out how much rock had to says Rosengren. “We drill 4m long drawings showed a smooth surface be left to support the Blue line holes into the rock and inject [grout] on which the steelwork could be platform cavern above. at high pressure into the rock mass to installed to support the mechanical In contrast, blasting the 8m to try to intersect all the water-bearing ventilation equipment, in reality it 9m-diameter tunnels was relatively fractures. Then we put grout in and was a very different story. straightforward. Before blasting, seal these off. You can never seal it “After blasting, the surface of the grout was injected into the rock to fill so it’s totally dry, but we put in rock is very uneven. It could be 2m up up the voids and prevent water from drainage later on and then shotcrete here or 2m down there, so that was getting into the new tunnel. Then, over the surface.” challenging,” he says. “The steel had rock bolts were drilled 6m into the Creating the massive platform to be bespoke, measured to fit on site. rock to hold the smaller fragments of caverns required more thought. Each cavern is 250m long and that’s a rock in place. Because of the stability Both were created by NCC blasting lot of steel.” of the rock, no internal structural sections the full 27.5m wide and 5.8m The new line opened on 10 July and linings were needed. long. Between the concourse above has already made a dramatic impact “We don’t put linings in the tunnel and the crown of the platform void, on the congestion in the city.

54 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 World View INSPIRING CIVILS ACROSS THE GLOBE NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/WORLD-VIEW

US HYPERLOOP COMPLETES TEST DRIVE

Hyperloop One has completed a full-scale test, achieving controlled propulsion and levitation of one of its vehicles at its DevLoop site in the Nevada desert in the US. At the time of the test, the pressure in the 500m-long tube was around 5Pa – the equivalent of air at almost 61km above sea level – creating what the company claims is the fourth largest vacuum chamber in the world. In the initial test, which was carried out in July, Hyperloop One says the prototype passenger pod reached speeds of 310km/h.

UK EXPORTS AUSTRALIA HONG KONG GOVERNMENT SETS WORLD’S LARGEST TESTS TO VERIFY CONCRETE AMID UP JV TO BID FOR BATTERY IN BID TO FALSIFICATION CLAIMS ON HONG GLOBAL CONTRACTS END POWER CRISIS KONG-ZHUHAI-MACAU BRIDGE

A mega joint venture (JV) between 17 A battery more than three times UK construction firms is being put bigger than the world’s current together by the government to help largest is to be installed by Tesla British companies secure work on in the state of South Australia in a complex international projects. The bid to end its energy crisis. In Department for International Trade September last year, damage to says its Infrastructure Exports: UK critical infrastructure caused by a (IE:UK) partnership will make the one-in-50-year storm left 1.7M UK more globally competitive. residents in the state without power. Global construction investment is The 100MW (129MWh) lithium ion set to reach £12 trillion by 2030, with battery will be charged using major contracts going to large JVs. renewable energy from the Hornsdale The group includes engineering Wind Farm. The electricity will then Tests to verify concrete at the centre of an investigation consultants , Arup and Mott be released during peak hours to into alleged falsification of original strength tests on the MacDonald. The IE:UK partnership, make the system more reliable. In Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau mega-bridge will be completed co-chaired by international trade March this year, Tesla founder and by October. In May Hong Kong officials arrested 21 staff minister Greg Hands and Wates business magnate Elon Musk said from a contractor in relation to claims of false concrete Group chairman James Wates, will on Twitter the company would have compression test reports for the bridge. Anomalies were meet three times a year to choose the system working within 100 days found in 346 concrete cube tests carried out by the lab in which projects to bid for. or install it for free. question from January 2013 to March 2017.

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 55 Business Culture Ethics BEHAVIOUR THERAPY ARE ENGINEERS EQUIPPED TO DEAL WITH THE ETHICAL DILEMMAS THEY MAY BE FACED WITH? BY MARGO COLE

ajor catastrophes CECA chief executive Alasdair breached the Rules of Professional that involve Reisner says: “I imagine the enquiry Conduct if they do not follow this buildings and will focus at least in part on KEY FACTS advice, but the Institution says its infrastructure behaviours and whether decision- members do have a duty to behave – such as the making was driven by the correct 10%-30% ethically. “Failing to observe the Grenfell Tower factors. That is the kind of thing advice is not a breach – it’s about fire – lead not only to questions about individual companies are looking at The amount good practice, and raising the bar Mtechnical competence, but also about and we will also look at.” of global above the absolute minimum required the ethics, behaviours and culture Industry bodies like the ICE and to observe the rules,” says Masterton. of people working in the industry. CECA have their own ethics policies construction “We want to stretch people to behave So, among the studies and enquiries and codes of conduct that define output lost and consider ethical principles.” in the aftermath of the fire focusing how their members are expected annually He adds: “The whole suite of on the materials and construction to behave. In the case of the ICE, documents is regularly reviewed, but techniques, we are also likely to see members must adhere to the Rules through the basic tenets of ethical behaviour ethical questions being addressed. of Professional Conduct, or face corruption are pretty consistent – they haven’t “A lot of work was done after 9/11 disciplinary action. The rules cover changed for long time, whereas looking at the way that building safety, competence, the environment, (Source: the guidance, help and advice are collapsed, but it also led to a lot of integrity and public interest (plus Construction much more fluid and responsive to questions about what can we learn, a requirement to notify the ICE of Sector situations as they arise.” and what can we do differently or issues such as a criminal record or Transparency Elsewhere, CECA has its own better,” says ICE ethics committee bankruptcy). Initiative (CoST)) Code of Ethics, which was last chairman Gordon Masterton. “The But behind the five main rules are updated five or six years ago same thing happened after Piper guidance notes to help members following a government crack down Alpha, and it will happen as a result interpret what the rules mean on a on blacklisting in the industry. And of the Grenfell Tower fire.” day-to-day basis. Guidance for the in July the Engineering Council He adds: “These things should be rule on acting with integrity, for and Royal Academy of Engineering looked at forensically to ask what example, includes a range of issues, launched a revised version of their we can do better. Legislation is one from avoiding discrimination to Statement of Ethical Principles, which thing, but there is also the ethics – are breaching the 2010 Bribery Act. provides guidance for engineers and there behaviours or cultural changes The ICE also produces a document technicians at all levels on ethical behind the legislation that we need to entitled “Advice on Ethical Conduct”. behaviour and decision-making. draw attention to?” Members are not considered to have The two bodies felt that, since the

56 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 The reason people “make mistakes is often because there is pressure on both sides – they lose sight of the bigger picture

doing role playing on ethical issues, and we look at the way situations emerge that could lead to ethical dilemmas. “The reason that people make mistakes is often because there is pressure on both sides,” he adds. “They think they’re doing things for the right reasons, and they just make a bad judgement and lose sight of the bigger picture.” Reisner believes civil engineering contractors are very aware of their ethical responsibilities, not least because of increasing requirements original Statement was produced Issues surrounding driven an increase in sessions on from clients. “You are not going in 2005, some issues had grown ethics arise after ethics at engineering conferences, to be working for public sector in relevance. As a result, the new catastrophes, such and requests from ASCE sections and organisations like Highways England version takes account of the as the Grenfell branches to have fresh case studies and Network Rail without adhering increased significance of climate Tower fire for their local meetings. to high standards of ethics,” he says. change and the environment, as well In the UK, the ICE is addressing “They recognise that they have a role as robotics and autonomous systems. a similar need with a variety of to play in society, and that feeds into The statement is structured around resources, including its “Say No” their commercial arrangements with four principles: honesty and integrity; ethics toolkit, an interactive guide the supply chain. respect for life, law, the environment that helps civil engineers deal with “I don’t doubt that these and public good; accuracy and rigour; difficult ethical situations in the work organisations will respond to issues and leadership and communication. place – particularly those associated that come out of the Grenfell Tower But statements and codes of with bribery and corruption. It was fire, so we might see the emphasis ethics are only useful if they can be developed in collaboration with the shifting in terms of what they do in translated into real-life situations that Institute of Business Ethics and is their procurement arrangements.” help engineers to understand how to available as a web tool and an app. One ethical issue very much on the act and what to avoid. The American While out-and-out bribery might industry’s agenda today is modern Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has be easy to spot, Masterton says slavery, which was the subject of an published a book called Engineering engineers can be faced with de facto Act of Parliament in 2015 Ethics: Real World Case Studies. bribery – for example being asked to “Modern slavery could potentially “We have seen an increase in make a donation to a client’s charity be an issue within the industry,” demand for more materials that as a prerequisite for tendering. says Masterton. “Our ethical advice address training in engineering Increasingly, students are getting on sustainably materials includes ethics,” an ASCE spokesperson told the chance to explore ethical awareness of forced labour.” New Civil Engineer. That demand is problems such as this on their The fast-changing nature of the coming from a variety of sources, degree courses, as the Joint Board global economy means there will including the accreditation body or Moderators, which accredits always be new ethical dilemmas to for engineering courses in the US university engineering courses in the challenge engineers and construction and state licensing requirements for UK, encourages content on ethics. workers. Making sure they have the engineers, which mandate a certain Masterton, who runs a module on knowledge and tools to “do the right number of hours of ethics training. engineering ethics at Edinburgh thing” should be a priority for the Those requirements in turn have University, says: “We have first years industry. N

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 57 TACKLING FLOOD DEFENCE FUNDING

OUND R T

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58 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | AUGUST 2017 READ MORE DEBATES AT NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/NCE-LIVE

isruption from flooding costs schemes off the ground. And I think that is the UK economy £1bn a year. the downfall, at the moment, of that localised More than 2.44M properties approach. in the UK are at risk of flooding “Water flows over political boundaries,” from rivers and the sea. he added. Another 3M are at risk from surface water flooding, and millions more at Managing surface water Dfrom sewer flooding. Warren said tidal and fluvial flooding has So what do we do with the water as these been managed better than surface flooding. numbers rise due to population growth, “What we’ve come to neglect is the fact that climate change and urbanisation? we have a Victorian sewer system that’s Are news headlines guiding government supposed to be managing our surface water. flood defence policy? What are the blockers Climate change, population growth – it’s and enablers to increasing flood defence even more ‘at capacity’ than it ever was. It’s spending? And how can a balance be struck some of the finest engineering, but we can’t Kuhn: Pragmatic approach to funding between hard flood defence solutions and expect it to hold everything forever.” softer measures? And that is not just the urbanist’s view, New Civil Engineer hosted a round table said Association of Drainage Authorities Partnership funding debate with leading players in the flood chief executive Innes Thomson. “The means you can defence sector to discuss these questions. government well and truly has its head in the sand over surface water management and we deliver bits of schemes The future need to get a grasp on that.” Wavin product manager Martin Lambley But pragmatists in the room acknowledged all over the country, but started by asking: “What does the future look that the government’s purse strings are tight, like? Are we merely putting water into pipes and so the public sector has had to look for without some consistency and shoving it somewhere else?” financial partners. “ Environment Agency commercial strategy “Partnership funding means you can manager Mark Hagger said many good deliver bits of schemes all over the country, the plans, and find out that documents are solutions are out there, and getting a balance but without some consistency,” said Thames signed off by a transportation engineer. of these solutions is key. “It’s also about Estuary Asset Management 2100 Programme There are no flood engineers within the getting the ones that are implementable, programme director Matt Kuhn. “Because organisations.” which means working with the local everything is boiled down to an asset level The Environment Agency’s Hagger community. That can be seen in a lot of the – that bit you can protect, that bit you can’t encouraged a look on the bright side: “I think work we’ve done in Cumbria after the [late – it’s very hard to put together catchment- we’re in danger of painting a picture of things 2015/early 2016] floods, in terms of close based solutions. If you spread the benefit a bit worse than they really are; the current liaising with local communities, and it’s around the whole catchment, and it’s cost six-year programme is more in real terms gone well.” beneficial to do it, then you can perhaps than we’ve had before, by about 9% over the Greater London Authority London benefit lots of these schemes. period. Secondly, when we did a study on sustainable drainage action plan project long-term investment – I think it’s now £750M manager George Warren added that it was Combined cost benefits a year, which is a lot of money on flood risk good that surface water is being managed by “A lot of the rural schemes and surface management and that’s only in the fluvial/ councils, but many lack teh full suite of skills water schemes don’t stack up, but actually if coastal sector. necessary to be lead local flood authorities. you put them all together, with some of the “Despite great efforts… it’s very hard to get fluvial, tidal schemes, then cost benefit-wise Protection in proportion it works.” “In the last storm, Desmond, I think the Floodline Consulting technical director number of houses protected was something Faruk Pekbeken said his company’s like 300,000. Carlisle got the headlines. But a experience in fully floating, can-float and huge amount were protected.” flood resilient buildings has successfully And increased risk of flooding from climate pulled in private funding, but added that change is acknowledged in policies coming some of these progressive ideas hit brick from Westminster and Downing Street, walls at local government level. said Mott MacDonald global head, climate “So we have the funding, the sites, the resilience Ian Allison. mechanisms to avoid local flooding, method, “Fixed defences, flood defence walls, knowledge and experience but it does come is that the solution? Yes, for as long as it down to an inertia at council level,” said works. As soon as it doesn’t, it becomes Pekbeken. counterproductive because it traps the “The first thing everyone asks is: ‘what is water. the appetite of the authorities to sit down “I think the only thing we can guarantee is Pekbeken: Success with private funding and look at these issues?’ We’ve looked at that a 2%, 5%, 10% influence is not going to

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 59 Round Table Flooding

AROUND THE TABLE

Ian Allison Global head, climate resilience, Mott MacDonald Lance Dawkins Technical director, JBA Consulting Terry Fuller Chief executive, Chartered Institution for Water & Environmental Management Mark Hagger Commercial strategy manager, Environment Agency Mark Hansford Editor, New Civil Engineer Robert Henson Features editor, New Civil Engineer Jones: Need for collective responsibility Fuller: Using the wrong language Peter Jones Managing director, Waterco Matt Kuhn Programme director, One out of six We talk about Thames Estuary Management 2100 ‘third party Programme homes in the Martin Lambley Product manager, contributions’… it makes it foul, utilities and water management, UK is under fl ood risk. Wavin seem too much like we’re Faruk Pekbeken Technical director, But that means fi ve in Floodline Consulting going cap in hand to the Paul Shaffer Associate, Construction six will say ‘it’s not my Industry Research & Information “ “ problem’ rich private sector Association Innes Thomson Chief executive, Association of Drainage Authorities George Warren Project manager – be enough, simply because it will be beaten London sustainable drainage action Sharing the problem the day after you fi nish your defences as we plan, Greater London Authority Waterco’s Peter Jones took up this thread: saw in Carlisle.” “One out of six homes in the UK is under He said his company has adopted a In association with fl ood risk. But that means fi ve in six will say “resilience” theme: “Defend against water ‘it’s not my problem’. you can reasonably afford to defend against, “We’re not like the Dutch in that way, we’re but keep something over for resilience not all in it together. Not at all. So is it then planning – for when you think those defences surprising the way we react when a fl ood will be defeated, because they will.” event happens?” Fuller said one way Brits are “all in it Mobilising private investment together” is through insurance premiums. Allison added that mobilising much more “Because we’re all paying for fl ood risk private sector investment was the key to management, through premiums. I don’t translating fl ood management benefi ts into drivers and their motivators,” added JBA think it will last. But many people don’t hard fi nancial returns for investors. But why Consulting technical director Lance Dawkins. realise that it’s even happening. Therefore, has this not been done already? “Most of us in the fl ood management sector as a nation, is that not a catalyst for some “I think the language we use has something are public sector people or most of our change in mentality?” to do with it,” said Chartered Institution of clients are public sector people.” Water & Environmental Management chief Kuhn said the predominant funding Taxation funding executive Terry Fuller. model in London policy-making circles is Thomson said that post-fl ood events in “We talk about ‘third party pay-per-use. Somerset had shown taxation to be effective. contributions’… it makes it seem too much “How do you translate that [to fl ood “What the government said was ‘okay, like we’re going cap in hand to the rich management]? One of the things we’re we’re going to put an extra 1.75% on to your private sector, which is completely the looking at on the Thames Estuary is, when Council Tax’. A notional settlement I think it wrong mentality. The private sector is just the Thames Barrier shuts, showing how was called. It was amazing how the whole of looking for good business decisions and much would have fl ooded, because people Somerset County came together and said ‘oh good business discussions.” in central London don’t even know it [the that’s just a few extra pence’. They now raise “We have to understand business, their barrier] exists. an extra £2.5M a year through this.”

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The growing Parramatta city centre Industry engagement has started DISPATCHES Sydney Metro is seeking input industry engagement process taking from across all industry sectors place between 25 September YOU’LL GET: DETAILED ANALYSIS  INSIGHT FROM THOUGHT – both locally and internationally and 27 October 2017. LEADERS  IMMERSIVE VIDEO AND GRAPHICS  REAL LIFE CASE – to ensure a market led and STUDIES  INTERROGATABLE DATA Registrations of Interest close innovative approach in the on Friday 1 September 2017. project’s development. For a registration form, contact This engagement includes helping the Industry Engagement Team at: define the project to meet transport industry.sydneymetro@ and land use outcomes as well sydneymetro.info or visit as market sounding on how the www.sydneymetro.info/industry New Civil Engineer project could be delivered. Interested parties are invited to register to participate in the 17120 SM West Industry Ad_91x110_NCE Industry 17120 SM West DELIVERING LOW CARBON PROJECTS

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62 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 READ MORE DEBATES AT NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/NCE-LIVE

an you cut cost and carbon on material and High Speed 2, 132M.t. major infrastructure projects? “It’s about innovation and collaboration That was the question posed and doing things differently together. That at a recent round table debate, is the only way we are going to meet the held by New Civil Engineer in targets as an industry.” association with Reconomy, a provider of outsourced recycling and Leading the change Cresource management. innovation and knowledge director Tim Embley said that clients were The challenge ahead already doing a lot to lead the change and The combined challenges of carbon and were providing “collective leadership” cost cutting is something the whole industry across the industry. should embrace, said Reconomy managing “A lot of lessons learned from Crossrail director Matt Nichols. have been taken to Tideway and it’s clear “This has to be an objective for all of that the supply chain has started to embrace us to share,” he said. “There are not only looking at the whole life of the asset and benefits from an environmental prospective, understanding the value of carbon and drive Edgell: We must engage with supply chain but there are without question commercial innovation,” he said. benefits too.” “The client leadership across these Referring to the Infrastructure Carbon projects is driving a behaviour change within In a 2% industry Review published by the Treasury in 2013, the supply chain and from a contractor Nichols warned that UK has a legally binding point of view we can use our resources you need to identify commitment to cut carbon emissions by 80% more effectively to invest in research and by 2050. innovation.” where the cost is and where “The impact on infrastructure on those carbon emissions is dramatic. In 2010, Engaging the supply chain the savings are. 53% of the UK’s emissions were from the Morgan Sindall director of sustainability and infrastructure sector, operational and actual procurement Graham Edgell argued that the that have a mutual interest in building the construction. By 2025 that rises to 80% and supply chain had “no idea” when it came to “skills of their supply chain. by 2050 that rises to 90%. It’s an enormous carbon. Edgell is also a director at the Supply “Generally they are instructed by the main challenge. Chain School – a collaboration between contractor to behave in a certain way on clients, contractors and first tier suppliers every job and probably differently depending Treasury links costs and carbon on the nature of the project. Until we engage “Interestingly the Treasury made the direct those guys and make them understand the correlation between reducing carbon output ramifications of what they do and how they and reducing costs. To those who have the CIRCULAR ECONOMY operate, they will reduce embedded carbon view that carbon reduction is a ‘nice to have only if you tell them,” said Edgell. but we can’t afford it’, the two now go hand- STANDARDS “The main contractors are tied by price in-hand,” he said. constraint and are working tirelessly to Nichols highlighted the fact that the Standards body the BSI has launched a reduce their operational carbon, while the construction of Tideway tunnel in London standard – BS 8001 – that provides a embedded carbon is down to the client is estimated to generate 8M.t of excavated framework for implementing the principles because it is cost driven. of the circular economy in organisations. “The leadership is good, but we need to identify where the pound is. In a 2% [margin] It is designed to challenge organisations to industry you need to identify where the cost rethink how they manage their resources to is and where the savings are.” create financial, environmental and social Edgell told the round table how his benefits and then implement more sustainable company had recently completed an practices. exercise asking the top 50 contractors how It can be used by any size or kind of they managed their waste. organisation and uses standardised terms “We all say the same thing. Between 90% so the industry is working towards the and 95% is diverted from landfill. Where is it same goals. then? It is not being recycled. The industry The standard provides guidance and needs to make waste measurable and use a recommendations to help organisations consistent measure.” turn the concept and theory of the circular economy into practice. Embracing technology l For more information visit www.bsigroup/ commercial director Gary circular-economy-uk Mayo agreed, but added that the client Nichols: We have a low carbon commitment should not just set targets, they should take

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 63 Round Table Circular Economy

Mayo: Clients must take the lead a leadership role too. I’m not sure the “We can sit around a table and ask where AROUND THE TABLE the research and development (R&D) is, industry is really where the aggregates are, and where is the Christina Allen Programme manager, clever ground engineering. But someone sustainability, BSI embracing technology and needs to take a lead to bring everyone Tom Bateson Senior major projects together and really push the boundaries. manager, willing to take risks. We “I’m not sure the industry is really Steve Cockerell Industry marketing, embracing technology and willing to take director – rail and road, Bentley ask the clients to take the risks. We ask the clients to take the lead, Systems “ not just set targets, and let the R&D come Chris Cox Head of business lead, not just set targets through.” development, Reconomy Graham Edgell Director of Making incremental changes sustainability and procurement, just to meet the 20% recycled content “There are real differences between the Morgan Sindall requirement, compared to sourcing material incremental changes we can make,” argued Tim Embley Group innovation and more locally with a similar composition. Tarmac senior major projects manager Tom knowledge director, Costain Bateson. Jeremy Fidlin Business development The construction industry’s exchange Using cement manufacturing as an manager, Reconomy “This is absolutely achievable,” argued example, he said: “We can look at what we Matthew Lugg Director of public Reconomy’s Nichols, when asked if hubs can do to reduce the carbon in that cement, services, WSP could be set up for the industry to deposit, whether it is the energy we’re using, Adrian Marsh Director, RSK store and use materials. whether it is putting up wind turbines Environment “It is about having the supply chain and to help with the power. Gary Mayo Commercial director, the logistics set up. You need the knowledge “These are the incremental bits we can Taylor Woodrow of what is going to be required, when it do, and then there is the step change which Matt Nichols Marketing director, is needed, and to be able to make that proves more diffi cult.” Reconomy commitment to the whole of the supply Tideway head of environmental Laura Rafferty Group procurement, chain.” sustainability Darren White used his VolkerWessels UK Nichols added that there was huge experience of working on the 2012 Olympics Darren White Head of environmental potential to make this system work and to argue that there was step change at the sustainability, Tideway learn from the previous attempts of creating Olympics, but it could have been better. Richard Walker Marketing manager, material exchanges that may have been “We did learn lessons. We were very strict Reconomy ahead of their time. from the sustainable development strategy In association with Morgan Sindall’s Edgell explained how the that certain materials had to achieve 20% Supply Chain School was in the process of recycled content, and when we met with setting up a material exchange with 40 of the the suppliers afterwards they explained we top 50 contractors and the fi ve aggregate could have achieved more if they had been a companies already signed up. bit more fl exible.” “The circular economy is about the milk White used the example of shipping run. If we can generate that impetus then it materials from the other side of the world will happen,” he concluded.

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For us, it’s all about o ering a complete service for “our clients

66 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER  SEPTEMBER 2017 ADVERTISING FEATURE

Golden Valley groundworks Mabey and propping Digital engineering

Whether monitoring an existing asset expertise and tools in place to thrive in or constructing a new one, today’s the BIM environment. We see all this engineers need access to better, more increasing over the next two to three reliable information – and it must years, bringing more BIM software be in real time. With fast advancing users into the business. technology making monitoring “And our progression in BIM isn’t simpler and more cost effective, limited to the UK. Across the Atlantic, building this into works is now a our US business has been working “must have” rather than a “nice to with us in implementing 3D modelling have”. and BIM to nudge ahead of their competitors. They’ve been using BIM Mabey has a rich history in using models for information, visualisation digital technology to design products, and project delivery, so it’s a group- smooth out processes and remain at wide effort.” the forefront of industry innovation. Mabey’s international reach also This was most recently showcased includes providing temporary bridges, when it became one of the first groundworks, propping and monitoring, temporary works specialists to gain with operations in the US and BIM Level 2 accreditation for Design Australia. and Construction. “We’re a broad company and work Awarded by the British Standards across a lot of sectors. For us, it’s all Institution, the accreditation signifies about offering a complete service for a crucial step for Mabey – not just as our clients.” a certificate and a doffing of caps, but as a symbol of the company’s ongoing Boasting the benefits of BIM work to digitise everyday processes. Traditionally, BIM might have seemed It has changed the entire way the the preserve of large building works business operates, from engaging with and public-sector projects. Its benefits clients and refining ways of working, to are easy to see in theory but, in making sure all projects are delivered financial terms, it can be less clear cut. as quickly, safely and efficiently as Therefore, much of the industry is yet possible. to pick up the BIM baton in full and in New Civil Engineer spoke to Stephen earnest. But this is something that’s Hubbard, Mabey’s chief engineer, and changing, Mabey believes. Paul McLaughlin, digital engineering “Clients are beginning to realise technician, about the company’s digital there is a lot of value in BIM. That’s heritage, its ongoing work in shifting why over the last four years, we’ve perceptions, and what they think the been championing it. It’s not just about future of digital engineering holds as having pretty pictures or 3D models, we move into a world of virtual and but about using data to provide a fuller, augmented reality. more comprehensive picture of how Mabey isn’t a newcomer to the structures are behaving and delivering digital engineering space. In fact, as valuable insights into the lifecycle of a one-stop shop for design and build future infrastructure and construction temporary works, it designs, fabricates projects,” comments McLaughlin. and installs all its equipment using BIM is now a best practice digital products. requirement for most forward-thinking “Digital technology has had an projects. High Speed 2 (HS2) for increasing influence over the last three instance, has mandated its use, and to four years,” says McLaughlin. “Now Mabey will be supporting HS2 projects that we’re BIM Level 2 accredited, we where BIM will be in place. are investing in more technology for “More companies are looking at the the business and spending more time construction phase when kick-starting upskilling individuals. a project to drive efficiencies,” adds “This will ensure we have the right McLaughlin. “They’re looking at health

SEPTEMBER 2017  NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 67 Company pro le

BIM is only valuable if M20 bridge it is responsive, reliable, accurate and “easy to interpret and safety, virtual builds and virtual sequences, all of which will enable them to carry out their works more quickly, safely and efficiently.” A recent project where Mabey has implemented BIM successfully is the huge basement propping scheme for the Westgate Centre development in Oxford. In this case, a family of products within its Revit software was plugged directly into a BIM model. “Working on this project allowed us to develop new processes internally, whilst collaborating with the client in a Common Data Environment and running clash avoidance checks. The project was a huge development in our capabilities to work on BIM projects and helped us pass the Level 2 accreditation process,” says Hubbard. Of course, leading the way in digital monitoring doesn’t come without its challenges – Mabey says it’s often hard to convince clients of how on board with the latest technology they really are. “One of the biggest challenges we have as a business is making sure our clients know what we do. Quite often we say, ‘Seeing as this is a BIM project, do you want us to deliver using BIM?’ And they’re often surprised. So that’s one of the biggest challenges – changing perceptions,” he added. And these perceptions need to change fast, especially as Mabey is about to fully integrate BIM into its contract teams and subcontract teams, providing full courses and training. McLaughlin says: “We have invested a huge amount of time into finding the right external training and knowledge. Generally, it is not tailored to temporary works suppliers so longer- term we will establish our own internal training programme. “BIM is only valuable if it is

68 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER  SEPTEMBER 2017 ADVERTISING FEATURE

responsive, reliable, accurate and easy to interpret, and the collection and conditioning of data can be complex. Therefore, it is important to have the specific specialist skills in place to understand the requirement and generate the right information.”

The future of digital engineering While there are challenges, innovation in digital engineering continues apace. Mabey’s digital team is already looking ahead to a future beyond BIM, incorporating technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). According to Hubbard: “VR is an extremely exciting capability, both in terms of training through our training academy, and in early client engagement. Through VR, our clients can already take a virtual tour through our work and see how it looks on the site. “That’s where we are currently, but we’re also looking at ways in which AR can benefit our clients in the future. AR provides some interesting scenarios for a future work site, especially in the context of monitoring. “If, for example, a client provides a BIM model of a structure, we can link our monitoring equipment into the software. Where the future of AR is going, you could walk around a site and your monitoring data will appear on the actual structures. That’s how we envision connecting our business to these innovative technologies.” The working culture has changed at Mabey, with BIM capabilities improving communications around the office and placing more emphasis on the importance of design, recruiting digital skills and best practice strategies. McLaughlin concludes: “The demand for more visual experiences is something we see across our business and, with more customer adoption across the industry, the capabilities of digital engineering will no doubt go from strength to strength. “With the BIM Level 2 accreditation under our belt, it’s a hugely exciting time for both our current and future employees, and we look forward to leading more BIM-enabled projects in the future.”

SEPTEMBER 2017  NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 69 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

TECHNOLOGY Forrest Lecture addresses IT challenge NIC tech commissioner sets out importance of artificial intelligence in the efficient planning and development of civils infrastructure

The ICE and the National could make a huge contribution Infrastructure Commission (NIC) to faster project delivery, joined forces for the recent reduced carbon footprint and James Forrest 2017 lecture outturn cost certainty. which explored the benefits, It can also analyse large opportunities and challenges volumes of data to highlight of artificial intelligence (AI). patterns in the performance Artificial intelligence: It was presented by NIC and use of existing Increasingly important technology commissioner infrastructure assets to for infrastructure Andy Green. aid decisions about future The lecture is given annually infrastructure needs and in honour of the former ICE delivery. an audience of industry to harness the improvements secretary James Forrest AI is expected to cut the professionals, academics that technology can offer, and (1859-1895). It tackles the number of steps to take and politicians, as part of the explored ways AI can improve interdependence of science infrastructure designs through ICE’s Digital Transformation the UK industry’s performance. and engineering. to operation, saving time and campaign. He said the built The lecture also looked at the AI – the ability of machines to money. environment sector has often potential of AI innovations to learn and think for themselves – Green was speaking to been accused of being slow transform design, construction,

EXHIBITION MARINE ICE Lego suspension bridge moves to Liverpool Liverpool to host Great George Street ICE Breakwaters opens to public for conference EngineeringLate

The eleventh conference in On Friday 22 September, the ICE’s “Breakwaters” series One Great George Street will will take place in Liverpool open to the public for a free, in September 2017. The interactive and fun evening event follows “Breakwaters exploring civil engineering. 2013”, which showcased 130 The EngineeringLate event will peer-reviewed international include a series of activities papers. A total of 400 delegates including a session on when representing 42 countries archaeology and engineering The world’s biggest Lego bridge, the move is the Liverpool BID attended, and the specialist mix and a talk about how to take the centrepiece of ICE’s Bridge Company, which represents the exhibition presented more amazing photographs of civil Engineering Exhibition at the interests of 1,500 businesses. than 30 solutions providers. engineering. There will also be Infrastructure Learning Hub in Other sponsors include Crouch A wide range of topics is set to live jazz, food and drinks. There London, is moving to the Capital Waterfall, Curtins and Kier, and be covered, including shoreline will also be access to the ICE’s Building on Old Hall Street in quantity surveyor and project structures, coastal processes, new tunnel exhibition. Liverpool. The 3m high, 31m management firm Walker Sime. design and construction l To register and learn more span structure will be rebuilt The bridge will be open for of breakwaters and related about the event, visit ice.org.uk brick by brick. A key sponsor of public viewing from 11 August. structures, and marine energy. and search Engineeringlate.

70 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 MORE ICE NEWS GO TO NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/ICE

NORTHERN IRELAND VIEW APPRENTICESHIPS NEED OUR SUPPORT

Civil Engineering to have an even bigger intake for this autumn. apprenticeships are It has already proven how beneficial not just transformative apprenticeships are to the apprentices, for apprentices. True, employers and wider industry. Work Plus they offer people provides a starting salary of £10,000, no the life-changing educational debt, a professional qualification opportunity to learn at the end of two years and a first step into a Richard and earn and to take career as a civil engineer. Employers benefit as management and maintenance. Kirk a first career step. well: they can recruit talented people of any age, The lecture was followed by But apprenticeships oversee their development and secure their long- a workshop facilitated by the are more than that. term commitment by instilling company values. ICE and the NIC, attended by They transform society by delivering the skilled We are starting to see a shift in the public experts from techUK, Arup, workers who build our quality of life. perception of apprenticeships, but much Imperial College and law firm Northern Ireland, like the rest of the UK, is more needs to be done. Apprenticeships are Pinsent Masons. facing a serious skills shortage over the next still too often regarded as a backup plan, or decade. Though science, technology, engineering less desirable than a university education. and maths (STEM) skills generally are in Other countries like Germany lead the way in demand, the Northern Ireland government- vocational training and boast half the youth PASS LISTS, BYLAW 15 produced Skills Barometer shows that IT and unemployment rate of Northern Ireland. civil engineering specifically will have the Apprenticeships have received more attention As New Civil Engineer is now highest demand for workers. Furthermore, since the Apprenticeship Review in early 2014, published monthly, the names by 2021, Northern Ireland will have 10% less and more recently through introduction of the of candidates recently awarded a 18-year-olds to address that undersupply. levy in April this year. However, the Executive’s professional qualification with ICE Our industry has known about the impending lack of clarity about its implementation in will only be published online at shortage for some time, but anxieties have been Northern Ireland has left many employers www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/ growing. In 2016, 86% of infrastructure providers understandably frustrated. Indeed, the ICE has icenews. They will no longer be cited their concerns that the skills shortage will been among the many organisations calling for published in the print edition. hinder the UK’s ability to deliver infrastructure – urgent action on the levy to help support the that figure was 91% among digital providers. growth of apprenticeships. The pass lists will also be published We cannot wait for these problems to solve Though the uncertainty is disappointing, the on ICE’s website, along with the themselves. We must create opportunities now eventual investment in skills the levy will bring is names of all candidates applying that will put the right people into the right jobs, absolutely necessary. Employers cannot afford to for professionally qualified and apprenticeships are the way forward. Here not invest in the next generation of skilled workers, membership (Bylaw 15). Both in Northern Ireland, we are in the second year of as they will be fighting to attract the best talent in can be viewed at www.ice.org.uk/ Work Plus, our civil engineering apprenticeship an ever-shrinking pool of young people. bylaw15 under “newest qualified designed to help address the skills shortage. It’s up to us to change the thinking around member”. Lists will remain on the Work Plus is a scheme created in conjunction apprenticeships – to vocally support them, site for 28 days. To view lists on with the Northern Ireland Department for the invest in them, and deliver them to transform the New Civil Engineer website, Economy, 31 employers and all six Northern the lives of apprentices and our society. l visit www.newcivilengineer.com/ Ireland FE colleges. The programme began in Richard Kirk is ICE Northern Ireland’s regional latest/icenews September 2016 with 17 apprentices, and is set director

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 71 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

SAFETY New safety CPD guide published

The ICE has published a new life-long learning health and safety risk management guide to help members maintain professional standards throughout their careers. The ICE recognises the need to include the effective management of health and safety risk within undergraduate and graduate programmes. This has been well established at both stages and forms part of the qualification process. But it wants to improve The ICE has named 13 explanation of the continuing new Council members need for skills, knowledge and experience in this field, post ICE qualification, and over an entire life-long career path. The new guide aims ensure that members keep up to ICE names newly elected Council date with relevant health and safety continuous professional development requirements. members following July AGM It is intended to help members decide whether they need to be updated through formal Results for ICE’s Council Steve Dellow BEng CEng CWEM INTERNATIONAL training, webinars, reading, Elections were announced FICE FCIWEM FCIHT MTPS MEMBERS or by other means. at the AGM on 18 July. REGIONAL MEMBERS Americas: Richard Giffen BEng The document sets out, for A total of 13 new Council (Hons) CEng FICE the first time, the minimum members were elected. Hong Kong: Patrick Chan BSc requirement to satisfy CPD Newly elected members will (Eng) MBA PhD CEng FICE Middle East and Africa: Mark needs. It applies to “technical” take office from 7 November MIStructE FHKIE Jamieson BEng (Hons) CEng and “managerial” engineers. 2017. FICE It is available on the panel page They will share an important North East: Stephen Larkin BEng (Hons) MSc CEng MICE Asia Pacific – non Hong Kong: of the ICE website. responsibility with members Matthew James Colton BEng already on Council to help ICE East Midlands: Claire Louise (Hons) CEng FICE CPPM achieve its long-term goals. Greenwood BEng (Hons) MAIPM MAICD CEng FICE MCIHT CMgr FCMI GENERAL MEMBERS GRADUATE MEMBER West Midlands: Joanne Haskins Karen Britton MEng (Hons) BEng DIS IEng MICE Zoë Henderson MEng GMICE CEng MICE Wales: Geoff Ogden BEng l For more information go Emma Kent MEng (Hons) CEng (Hons) CEng CEnv FICE to www.ice.org.uk/news-and- MICE MIStructE insight/latest-ice-news/subs- Gareth Walker MSc BEng ballot-and-council-elections- results-2017 Safety: New guidance (Hons) CEng MICE

72 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | SEPTEMBER 2017 HISTORY VIEW New Civil Engineer 4th Floor, Telephone House 69-77 Paul Street, London EC2A 4NQ

EDITORIAL ENQUIRIES Email: [email protected] Editor | Mark Hansford GOOD AND BAD (020) 3033 2821 mark.hansford Deputy Editor | Alexandra Wynne (020) 3033 2822 alexandra.wynne Acting News Editor | Emily Ashwell (020) 7391 4517 emily.ashwell Features Editor | Robert Henson CIVIL ENGINEERING (020) 3033 2852 robert.henson Technical Reporter | Katherine Smale (020) 3033 4279 katherine.smale Reporter | Fiona McIntyre (020) 3033 2870 fi ona.mcintyre Chief Sub Editor | Andy Bolton I have mentioned conditions…I have given it up…” (020) 3033 2814 | andy.bolton before the work of One wonders how many later generations of Technical Editor Emeritus | Dave Parker the ICE 200 group, engineers have had to give it up as well, without dave.parker and in particular the the freedom of fi nance or materials or land with ONLINE ACCESS ENQUIRIES selection of 200 works which to demonstrate their fl air. Email: [email protected] to represent the best Certainly the viaduct that runs along the EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD in civil engineering by waterfront at Genoa, separating one of the Rachel Skinner (chair), Bill Grose, Alan Mike ICE members over the world’s most historic harbours from a historic Clucas, Andrew Mylius, Martin Knights, Chrimes last 200 years. city centre which boasts any number of Mike Napier, Miles Ashley, Rob Naybour, Participating in renaissance buildings in its World Heritage Site Tim Chapman, Tony Gates, Zakiyya the group reviewing seems a professional disgrace. Genoa rivalled Adam, Aimi Elias, John Dillon, David nominations, chaired by Gordon Masterton, Venice in commercial importance, and was the Caiden, Andrew Crudgington, Fay Bull, has been a great pleasure. In the course of our home of Christopher Columbus. In the early Sophie McPhilips, Stephen Wells, Jennifer Cooke deliberations I have had course to consider seventeenth century the pioneering use of works that do not refl ect so well on the pozzolanic concrete allowed the construction of Magazine of the provision. a harbour that was the wonder of the age. Institution of Civil Engineers Despite featuring in a number of impressionist To appreciate it now, one has to walk across 1 Great George Street, paintings, the Hungerford/Charing Cross Railway an urban wasteland beneath a viaduct, which London SW1P 3AA Bridge has been frequently criticised for its modern enterprise is seeking to encourage street 020 7222 7722 www.ice.org.uk aesthetics, and Owen Williams’ M1 bridges have stalls to occupy. Surely the city deserves better ICE MEMBERS’ ADDRESS also been the subject of scorn. Such criticism than that from its engineers? Yet one wonders CHANGES/ SUBSCRIPTIONS is often either a matter of changes in taste, or what choice the highway engineers had in route QUERIES shows little understanding of the constraints selection. An earlier generation had tunnelled www.ice.org.uk/myice to update your under which engineers have to operate. behind the historic centre. Other unfortunate address quickly online. For subscription Hawkshaw’s bridge over Borough High examples of urban landscaping are easy to queries, please phone 020 7665 Street was known as “Hawkshaw’s coffi n” – fi nd. The Queen Elizabeth highway in Toronto 2227, or email [email protected] as the Illustrated London News remarked, also separates the city from its waterfront, less ONLINE ACCESS ENQUIRIES historic perhaps, but still a loss of an asset to “nothing uglier, nothing more objectionable Email: [email protected] in an artistic point of view, could possibly have the city. been designed”. In contrast the elevated railway along SUBSCRIPTIONS Yet, as Hawkshaw noted: “The law says that Liverpool docks was regarded as a tremendous For subscription queries contact; dsb.net Ltd, 3 Queensbridge, these bridges shall spring from one shopfront way in which to view the port’s activity, and the Northampton NN4 7BF on the one side, to the shop front on the intrusiveness of the overhead railway in Chicago Telephone: 01604 251030 other, without intermediate supports, and is now seen as an integrated part of the urban All rights reserved © 2017 New Civil Engineer. at an uniform height above the street. Then landscape. Published by EMAP Publishing Ltd; the requirements of the public with regard Let us hope that clients as well as engineers Printed by Henry Stone Ltd, Ashford, Kent Registered as a newspaper with the Post Offi ce to preventing horses being frightened and will be inspired by ICE 200 to ensure the next ISSN 0307-7683; Issue No: 2053 people being killed, give you another 10 feet two centuries are an era of inspirational design, Statements made or opinions expressed in New Civil Engineer do not necessarily refl ect the [to screen the trains from view] above that… rather than the coffi ns of future generations’ views of ICE Council or ICE committees As far as my opinion goes, I do not see how you reputations. are to produce architectural effect with such l Mike Chrimes is an engineering historian

SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 73 Classified c O ntA ct lindsay smith 020 3033 2634 linDs Ay.smith@emA p.cO m

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Drainage Design (Foul & Surface Water) preCast ConCrete Cardiff: 13 Sep; Belfast: 4 Oct; Birmingham: 24 Oct

Health, Safety & Welfare Site & General Safety Birmingham: 6 Sep; Glasgow: 13 Sep Regs & Codes Bristol: 11 Oct

Role of the Temporary Works Coordinator/Supervisor Bristol: 7 Sep; Glasgow: 23 Nov

CDM Regs Overview for Designers Bristol: 5 Oct; Birmingham: 10th Oct; Manchester: 29 Nov

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Pavement Design using the DMRB Glasgow: 16th August

Highway Law in Development Management Macrete NCE 93x50mm Oct 14-paths.indd 1 10/10/2014 12:41 Cardiff: 7 Sep; Bristol: 12 Dec

Managing Highways Maintenance - Introduction Bristol: 13 Sep

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Legal Requirements for Highway Authorities for Maintenance, Drainage, Law & Traffic Management To advertise in the next issue of Manchester: 14 Sep; Bristol: 4 Oct;

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SEPTEMBER 2017 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 75 Careers c O ntA ct DEBORAH TAYLOR 020 3033 4303 debO r A h.tAylO r@emA p.cO m

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Infrastructure Engineer - Maidstone Associate Engineer - West Yorkshire Principal Engineer(Associate £45k to £50k plus benefits £50k to £55k plus car allowance + Designate), Infrastructure - Coventry We are seeking an experienced civil engineer benefits £50k to £65k plus benefits to prepare drainage and road infrastructure Opportunity for an associate level engineer to Progressing engineering firm is seeking an designs for retail and commercial join an independent multi-disciplinary experienced infrastructure engineer at developments across London from our consultancy who provide high quality services principal level whose aim is to continue to client's busy and growing Maidstone oce. within the Civil & Structural, Geotechnical & progress their career within a fast growing, The ideal candidate will be able to Environmental, Trac & Highways as well as forward thinking company. The ideal candidate will be capable of acting as demonstrate that they can take a leading role the Drainage & Infrastructure industry. The on projects, along with being technically Associate Designate and be experienced in position will see you striving to provide competent on roads and drainage designs, the detailed design of roads and drainage for practical, cost ešective, innovative design candidates will also need to have experience a variety of schemes. Candidates should solutions almost entirely within the with WinDes/MicroDrainage/PDS have good have excellent communication skills and be commercial sector. You will develop and communication skills, both written and oral. experienced negotiating with Statutory expand the engineering team, whilst working This is an excellent opportunity for Authorities and representing our company at in conjunction with the Director, to further progression for the successful candidate, so client/professional meetings. The ability to get in touch with Darryl Yates today. develop existing and new clients. Benefits successfully manage and control projects For further information please contact include car allowance, pension, private both technically and financially is essential. Darryl Yates on 01728 726120 healthcare and paid overtime. For further information please contact For further information please contact Graham Ventham on 01728 726120 Sam Wakley on 0113 457 0079 Senior Infrastructure Engineer - London Senior Infrastructure Engineer - £47k to £50k plus benefits Associate Civil Design Engineer - Birmingham outskirts Edinburgh £45k to £50k plus benefits This dynamic, award winning practice is £48k to £54k plus benefits continuing to expand their Central London Our client is seeking an experienced oce and to assist with this they are seeking Our client is now looking to appoint a engineer to work mainly on large residential a senior engineer who has at least 6 years’ Chartered Civil Engineer in their 50 strong development schemes. With at least 10 years’ experience. Skilled in using Windes, Edinburgh oce to work alongside an engineering experience, you will have client Microdrainage and PDS to design roads and existing Associate in leading the Infrastructure facing and project leading skills, ensuring drainage infrastructure for major residential division. Workload covers developments from delivery on time and within budget but will developers throughout the UK, you will take a the commercial build space, residential, have also retained your technical and design lead role from concept to completion and will energy and industrial market. Further capability. You will be a motivated and mentor and assist more junior engineers. progression to Director/Partner is available energetic member of the team. Knowledge Experience of S106 and S278 is vital and you with clear performance objectives in place. of slab levels and private drainage design will be a Chartered or near Chartered Package include car, pension, healthcare, around individual houses for large estates engineer. mobile phone and more. required. Knowledge of PDS and WinDES. For further information please contact For further information please contact Nick For further information please contact Graham Ventham on 01728 726120 Grayston on 0131 240 1260 Graham Ventham on 01728 726120

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Fugro is the world’s leading independent provider of geo-intelligence and asset integrity solutions. To support ambitious growth plans we are seeking confident, talented individuals to fill a number of technical and management positions. All candidates should be committed, proactive and decisive with a passion for delivering projects safely, on budget and on time.

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UK Service Line Manager: Instrumentation and Monitoring, Wallingford UK Service Line Manager: Asset Integrity, Cambridge We are seeking an experienced specialist to lead our UK Instrumentation and We are seeking an experienced professional to lead our UK Asset Integrity Service Monitoring Service Line. This is a unique and interesting opportunity for a person Line. This is a unique and interesting opportunity for a person with strong technical with strong technical and professional skills to develop the UK business and work and professional skills to develop the UK business and work closely with European closely with European colleagues. colleagues. Activities undertaken include condition and structural surveys of highway and rail infrastructure and investigation of buildings and structures. Working within our Land Site Characterisation team, you will be responsible for strategic planning of regional services and generating and maintaining excellent Working with our Asset Integrity team, you will be responsible for strategic client relationships. Key responsibilities: profit & loss revenue, project margin planning of regional services and generating and maintaining excellent client development, productivity and CAPEX preparation, in addition to overall resource relationships. Key responsibilities: profit & loss revenue, project margin (including recruitment, mentoring and training) and equipment planning. You will development, productivity and CAPEX preparation, in addition to overall resource develop and implement a marketing strategy and work efficiently with relevant and equipment planning. You will manage a team and develop and implement a members of the Fugro team to ensure excellent service delivery. marketing strategy and work efficiently with relevant members of the Fugro team to ensure excellent service delivery. The successful candidate will have a degree in Geology, Earth Science, Civil Engineering or similar and extensive experience of leading a comparable team The successful candidate will have a degree in Geophysics, Surveying, within the industry. An MSc in Engineering Geology, Soil Mechanics, Geotechnics Engineering or similar and extensive experience of leading a comparable team or similar would be advantageous. within the industry.

Senior Geotechnical Engineers, Wallingford Project Engineering Geologists, Wallingford Key responsibilities: manage a portfolio of site investigation projects, Key responsibilities: support the management of site characterisation projects; communication and negotiation with clients, general site management, delegation communication and negotiation with clients, general site management, delegation of project responsibilities and supporting project managers with payment and of project responsibilities and supporting project managers with payment and dispute resolution. dispute resolution.

As an experienced specialist you will provide geotechnical and engineering As an experienced specialist, you will provide engineering geology and geohazard geology consultancy services to project teams, prepare or oversee & approve consultancy services to project teams, oversee and/or contribute to interpretative interpretative reports, identify new projects and business development reports and contribute to business development activities. opportunities. You will be responsible for the technical direction and mentoring / training of a team of engineers. Successful applicants will have a degree in Engineering Geology, Geology, Physical Geography or other Earth Science and preferably have an MSc/Ph.D. Successful applicants will have a degree in Geology, Earth Science or Civil and be working towards or achieved Chartered Engineer/Geologist. Significant Engineering and preferably an MSc in Engineering Geology/Soil Mechanics/ experience and thorough knowledge of the core aspects of our business is Geotechnics with progress towards or achievement of Chartered Engineer/ also required, alongside sound IT (including ArcGIS, Midland Valley, Leapfrog, Geologist. Significant experience and thorough knowledge of the core aspects of Rockworks software) and commercial skills. our business is also required, alongside sound IT and commercial skills. Although not essential, we would like to hear from candidates with experience / Although not essential, we would like to hear from candidates with experience / interest in Quaternary Science, Glacial Geology/Geomorphology, Coastal Geology/ interest in foundation design, site characterisation, earthworks, pavement design, Geomorphology, Rock Slope Stability in addition to experience of working with tunnelling, slope stability or ground improvement, coastal or offshore structures. geophysicists and use of IHS Kingdom.

CONTACT For further information please email our HR Team: [email protected]. To apply for any of these roles, please visit www.fugro.com/careers.

78 new civil engineer | september 2017 Careers c O ntA ct DEBORAH TAYLOR 020 3033 4303 debO r A h.tAylO r@emA p.cO m

Searching Executi ve Talent Globally

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PROJECT MANAGER – DESALINATION TEAM LEADER – HIGHWAYS FLOOD RISK DESIGN MANAGER Saudi Arabia Central Asia / CIS Region Singapore £100k - £110k PA Package £90k - £150k PA + Full Expat Package £80k - £100k PA + Bonus A well-respected Engineering company is looking to Currently assisti ng several large Engineering A leading engineering fi rm requires a Flood Risk hire an experienced Project Manager to oversee a Consultancies for large Road/Highway/Expressway Design Manager to lead a small team focused large project based in Riyadh. The project will involve projects in countries including Georgia, Moldova, on projects in Southeast Asia. Services off ered the constructi on of a large-scale Desalinati on Plant Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh and more. will included Hydraulic Modelling and Design and the Project Manager will liaise extensively with Opportuniti es in both Design and Design Review/ Engineering, and other technical services in water the client and will be responsible for the overall Constructi on Supervision roles with LIVE and resources, fl ood risk management, and drainage delivery of the project. This is a live role for an urgent upcoming projects. Qualifi ed and experienced (10+ design for a wide range of projects. Proven start and the project is scheduled to last a minimum years) Civil Engineers interested in working in these leadership skills and business development skills are of 3 years. regions please get in touch for more details. preferred; as you will be tasked with growing the Flood Risk consulti ng business in Southeast Asia. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

RAIL SIGNALLING ENGINEER BRANCH/COUNTRY MANAGER TECHNICAL DIRECTOR Dubai, UAE Nairobi, Kenya Hong Kong £100k - 120k PA Package £120k PA + Full Expat Package £170k - £200k PA + Bonus An Internati onal Consultancy is seeking an A large Internati onal Engineering Consultancy is A top-ti er Engineering Consultancy is seeking to hire experienced Rail Signalling Engineer to lead the acti vely seeking an experienced Branch Manager to a Technical Director to lead the Civil & Structural design acti viti es as required by the client, including run the Regional offi ce in Nairobi. The role involves business unit across Buildings and Civil-Infrastructure directi ng the design team in producing signalling leadership of the Branch’s Offi ce fi nancial and projects. You will have over 20 years’ of experience, design, producti on of high quality design to fi rst operati onal functi ons and creati ng organisati onal with at least 8 years in a management positi on, and principles, parti cipate in the preparati on of technical and program budgets. You must hold a degree in a proven track record of project delivery across Hong details, specifi cati ons and tenders for signalling Civil Engineering and have extensive experience of Kong, Macau and China. Applicants with a local RPE projects. A Bachelor’s degree in Electrical/Mechanical similar management role and experience of civil or RSE licence, or with strong previous experience in Engineering is required with a minimum of 15 years’ infrastructure projects in Africa. This role is to be Hong Kong will have an advantage. experience in a similar role relati ng to large scale rail/ based in Nairobi full ti me. metro projects preferably in the Middle East region. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MARINE TECHNICAL MANAGER TEAM LEADER – BUS RAPID TRANSIT RAIL PROJECTS DIRECTOR Dubai, UAE Bangladesh Southeast Asia £100k - 120k PA Package £150k PA + Full Expat Package £170k - £200k PA + Bonus UAE based leading Contractor is currently seeking Major Engineering Consultancies seek individuals An opportunity has arisen for a highly experienced to appoint a Technical Manager for their Civil & with Ports & Marine technical experience in the Projects Director with a rolling stock background to Marine Engineering Department. You will be from above geographical locati ons. You should be degree join a Rail-transport operator in Southeast Asia. You a Contracti ng background with a strong technical qualifi ed with 10+ years’ experience and either be will be responsible for a number of projects relati ng capability in Ports & Marine related work especially from the relevant countries or have experience in to the acquisiti on of new rolling stock equipment as on projects in the Middle East. The company has a the running of projects in these locati ons. Strong well as refurbishments and improvements to existi ng signifi cant amount of workload in Marine projects technical capability as well as client facing skills trains. You will likely have 20+ years’ experience in the UAE that are live and a healthy pipeline of required for these roles. Marine Structural exposure within a rolling stock manufacturer; ideally coupled projects to come. This is a long term permanent such as quay walls/revetments/jetti es essenti al. with operator-based experience. This is one of role with the company and will suit and experienced a number of rolling stock related opportuniti es professional with a degree and over 15 years’ available across the region. experience. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

We have a wide variety of Internati onal vacancies available so if you are seeking your next overseas assignment please email [email protected] for a confi denti al discussion.

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september 2017 | new civil engineer 79