Future of Buildings p25 Big project culture p20 HS2 stations awarded p08 New Civil Engineer MARCH 2019

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CONNECT TO BETTER New Civil Engineer TIME TO PROVE BRITAIN’S WORLD CLASS CREDENTIALS

MARK HANSFORD EDITOR

his is the March 2019 issue of New Civil Engineer; which happening, at least according to new figures from graduate research means that by the end of the calendar month Britain company High Fliers Research. Its annual review of 150 top graduate should have exited the European Union (EU). What recruiters that includes Atkins, along with fellow consultants Aecom T that means for the careers of civil engineers living in and Arup and client Network Rail (to name four), predicts an impres- Britain is, at time of writing, impossible to predict. sive 9.1% growth in graduate recruitment this year, the highest annual There is a lot of nervousness about workloads, naturally, and there rise in vacancies for university leavers for nine years. are real concerns about access to skilled workers – and how that might impact the businesses they work for. But the hope; the desire even, The hope; the desire even, must be that among the many outcomes of Brexit, one is a re-emer- gence of the belief that British engineering is world class. must be that among the Now, here, in March 2019, amid the continuing fall-out from the Crossrail débâcle that might sound like a ridiculous statement. many outcomes of Brexit, one is a re- Crossrail’s problems are a major blot on our industry’s reputation and it would be facile to suggest that its issues have not affected other emergence of the belief that British proposed schemes such as Crossrail 2. But failings on one project – albeit a seriously big one – cannot be allowed to determine the reputa- engineering is world class tion of an entire industry. “ Consultant Atkins – now part of the Canadian SNC Lavalin group – Encouragingly, the biggest growth in vacancies is expected in public was for a long time Britain’s largest civil engineering firm. It has still got sector organisations, accounting & professional services firms and en- a massive footprint in the UK and is not going anywhere anytime soon, gineering and industrial companies: companies like Aecom, Arup and having just opened a brand-new European headquarters in the heart of Atkins. And Hoare confirms – from an Atkins perspective at least – that London. Speaking at the official opening, its UK & Europe chief executive High Fliers’ prediction is true. Philip Hoare said the reason for basing his 9,000-strong empire in So let’s move on from Crossrail if we can. Let’s think about other London was simple: the UK is an exceptional place to acquire and great, ambitious British projects. Let’s think about bold endeavours develop talent – and that talent is Britons and those coming to Britain like the Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay, which is again building a head of to access its world class education system. steam after last year’s rejection by government. Let’s think about hy- Hoare’s views are borne out in this year’s university application perloop, which is stealthily gathering its own head of steam through statistics, published in early February by admissions body UCAS. This Innovate UK support and much research at Aecom, Arup and else- year 145,160 students have applied to study some form of engineer- where. And then think about highways, and the work going on at ing at UK universities and of those 12,370 are from the EU – broad- Highways England and elsewhere to ensure Britain is ready to lead the ly unchanged on 2018 and within 1,000 of a record high set in 2016. world in exploiting connected autonomous vehicle technology. Significantly, 28,120 of those applications come from outside the EU, Hoare is right. British engineering talent is phenomenal. So whatev- and that’s up 5% on last year and matches the record high. er else 29 March brings, let’s try to be positive. Let’s grab the talent, Of course, it is one thing having the talent pool and another thing develop it, and use it to prove that British engineering is world class. actually drawing from it – and again there are strong signs that this is l Mark Hansford is New Civil Engineer’s editor

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 3 Contents NEW CIVIL ENGINEER MARCH 2019 MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

03 Comment, 27 World View Report: Analysis & News Future of Buildings

06 Lighthouse: O site construction can reshape building for the better

08 The Edit: HS2 Ltd confi rms London terminus contractors

09 The Edit: Private fi nance could revive Swansea barrage

16 Your View: Gender imbalance; Crossrail shambles; Polcevera bridge replacement

22 Business Culture: Delivering major projects successfully

12 Report: Crossrail

Growing urbanisation is increasing demand for user-friendly residential buildings and fl exible public buildings. New materials for tower blocks are emerging and buildings are being equipped with smart monitoring technology to enable them to be operated more e ciently

26 Overview: New developments 36 Siemens new Swiss campus is a in high rise building design and new step towards the development construction of the smart o ce

12 In-depth coverage of the work still 34 Soon information technology could 38 Public sector buildings are evolving to be done at Crossrail’s central make all buildings to become more fl exible London stations

4 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER MARCH 2019 New Civil Engineer Get news delivered daily Weekly Wrap and analysis delivered weekly with our newsletters. Sign-up at newcivilengineer.com

20 Report: Project 46 Record: EDITORIAL TEAM ICE News Management EDITORIAL ENQUIRIES Email: [email protected]

Editor Mark Hansford (020) 3953 2821 mark.hansford

Deputy Editor Alexandra Wynne (020) 3953 2822 alexandra.wynne

Associate Editor Emily Ashwell (020) 3953 2094 emily.ashwell

News Editor Rob Horgan (020) 3953 2087 rob.horgan

46 First woman ICE member honoured; 20 How major projects can avoid Technical Reporter professionals split on role of the problems that have led to Katherine Smale (020) 3953 2044 technology; new tool to identify Crossrail’s cost increases and katherine.smale training needs delayed opening Reporter Connor James Ibbetson (020) 3953 2088 | connor.ibbetson

22 Business 40 Tech Reporter Sam Sholli Culture Excellence (020) 3953 2086 | sam.sholli

Chief Sub Editor Andy Bolton (020) 3953 2823 | andy.bolton

Designer James McCarthy [email protected]

Graphic Artist Anthea Carter [email protected]

Technical Editor Emeritus Dave Parker dave.parker

22 SME Interview: PCSG founder 40 A British contractor is trialling the Katherine Bew on transforming use of a spring loaded exoskeleton to CUSTOMER SERVICES procurement processes help workers with lifting tasks [email protected]

MARCH 2019 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 5 Lighthouse ICE VIEWPOINT Offsite construction can reshape building for the better

he important and enabling better investment role that offsite decisions based on whole-life cost. There is an construction will play However, offsite is not an instant T in the future of the magic bullet. At a recent roundtable, opportunity sector is becoming hosted by the ICE, the clear message clearer, but it is important we take was that full adoption of this now to fundamentally a strategic approach to ensure approach will need a 10 year vision. the benefits it promises come to To achieve traction, there needs reshape the fruition. BY ART WE to be good groundwork. The A recent consultation by the MASTER government must consider sector construction sector Infrastructure and Projects WHAT WOULD and departmental restrictions, “ Authority highlights the fact MASTER US regulations and standards to that it sees offsite construction rationalise these for scale. as the future direction of travel A Project 13-style integrator role advisors and different levels of for the sector. As well as calling will help to manage this across suppliers to work with the owner. for evidence, it restated the Whitehall departments and shift the This combined expertise would government’s commitment for industry away from transactional allow development and deployment five departments to adopt a business models towards an of modern methods, rather than “presumption in favour” of offsite enterprise model. creating competition across construction in future procurement. An enterprise model is a key contracts. There is an opportunity now requirement. No one could call the Engaging the supply chain earlier to fundamentally reshape the current model sustainable and if the and more strategically will also allow construction sector for the better. sector was starting from scratch it better joint scoping of the potential With an emphasis on offsite would not recreate it. application of those methods, construction alongside an increased An enterprise would best support increasing the chance of successful use of digital technologies and offsite methods by providing and productive deployment. changing business models to better sufficient scope for efficiency, While the benefits sound exciting, reflect where value is derived, the productivity and innovation so it is important to focus and start sector can better equip itself to that suppliers can invest in more slowly. The government should meet future infrastructure needs. productive methods of construction work with the construction sector Offsite construction will require which will pay off across a larger to set out clear principles and a several fundamental changes to programme. philosophy of approach, recognising delivery models and practices, from It would also enable long- and using departmental trailblazer involving manufacturers earlier and term relationships and closer programmes. as key partners to driving down the collaboration, allowing suppliers It should also recognise that there cost of a build through component and advisors to better know is significant good work already costs and increased productivity. their customer (the asset being done where lessons can be The benefits, which government owner) and adapt and develop shared and learnt to help enable a has recognised, include improving appropriate methods and successful and sustainable shift to certainty of project delivery, products for their needs. offsite construction. reducing deliveries and waste, Integration too would be l Send comments on the supporting regional growth beneficial – bringing together Lighthouse to [email protected]

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07617_002_WAV_Q-Bic Plus Campaign_Baby_NCE_265x210_AW.indd 1 25/01/2019 17:16 MORE NEWS CROSSRAIL SPURS STADIUM Sign up for DELAYS BLAMED The Edit New Civil FOR CROSSRAIL ESSENTIAL NEWS & INFORMATION Engineer’s LABOUR SHORTAGE FROM NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM Breaking, Daily and The man in charge of fitting out Crossrail’s stations has claimed that Weekly news delays to Tottenham Hotspur’s alerts at stadium led to a labour shortage that newcivil impacted on the metro project. Speaking to New Civil Engineer, engineer. Crossrail head of MEP (mechanical, com/ electrical and plumbing engineering Rhys Williams revealed that “an newsletters enormous labour shortage” in London left Crossrail without enough workers to finish the job before the original December 2018 opening date. Williams said that many stations had been short of workers at various points over the last few years. “Reports that Tottenham [stadium construction] going late did not impact Crossrail are wrong,” he said.

TIDAL POWER PRIVATE INVESTORS COULD REVIVE HS2 Ltd confirms contractors SHELVED SWANSEA KEY STATS BARRAGE PROJECT to build Old Oak Common and £1.3bn Private investors are set to revive plans for the £1.3bn, 320MW tidal Euston stations in London Projected lagoon power station in Swansea Bay. cost of the Senior officials behind the Tidal Swansea Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay project have TRANSPORT a backdrop of acute cost pressures on confirmed that several “leading Mace, Dragados, Balfour Beatty, Vinci the project overall and the respective barrage brands” are lined up to invest in and Systra will build High Speed 2’s contract award prices for Euston and the project. Developer Tidal Lagoon Euston and Old Oak Common Old Oak Common are £350M and Power’s application for a government stations, it has been confirmed. A joint £300M below the budgeted prices in subsidy to fund the lagoon in Swansea venture (JV) between Mace and Official Journal of the European Union Bay was rejected by ministers last Dragados is the construction partner tender documents. year. But the scheme had already on the £1.3bn Euston job, while a been awarded a development consent Balfour Beatty/Vinci/Systra JV has order when the plans were shelved, won the £1bn Old Oak Common meaning the lagoon could be built if it contract. In September New Civil can secure private investment. Tidal Engineer exclusively revealed that the Lagoon Power business development Balfour Beatty/Vinci JV was preferred The respective manager Chris Nutt told New Civil bidder for the Old Oak Common job, Engineer that the project had with HS2 Ltd in advanced talks with a contract prices attracted interest from several large Costain/Skanska JV and the JV companies. “We have a very active between Dragados and Mace for the are £350M and and accelerating pipeline of leading Euston job. The contracts were brands and high credit rated supposed to have been awarded last £300M below the companies interested in securing autumn, with HS2 Ltd offering no budgeted prices in our low carbon power to provide a official reason for the delay. But hedge against future price escalation,” negotiations were taking place against “ Nutt said. the tender documents

8 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 TRANSPORT BANK STATION REDESIGN

Transport for London (TfL) is considering making changes to its £623M Bank station capacity upgrade plan, to provide step-free access to the Central line. A new feasibility study has been commissioned by TfL to examine whether previously dismissed step-free access can be provided, after concerns were raised by board members including London mayor Sadiq Khan.

BUSINESS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT RETENTIONS BILL MP £70BN STRATEGIC TRACK ACCESS DOUBTS WHETHER IT TRANSPORT PLAN ROW STALLS PLANS WILL GET THROUGH FOR THE NORTH IS FOR HEATHROW PARLIAMENT PUBLISHED SOUTHERN ACCESS

Conservative MP Peter Aldous has Transport for the North has published Plans for a southern access rail told New Civil Engineer that his its final £70bn strategic transport plan link into Heathrow airport are retention payment practices reform and investment programme in which stalling because the Department for bill is unlikely to succeed. His it sets out its “ambitious vision” to Transport (DfT) is unable to agree comments came after the second transform the North’s economy over track access arrangements. Heathrow reading of the bill was pushed back the next 30 years. Improvements to Southern Railway Ltd’s (HSR Ltd’s) for a fifth time. The bill proposes the major highways between the North’s chief executive told New Civil Engineer introduction of a compulsory biggest cities, plans for Northern that revenue risk is a major obstacle retentions deposit scheme to protect Powerhouse Rail and an overhaul of to the project’s progress with the DfT suppliers payments from insolvencies current railway stations and routes saying the scheme has “fallen short” stripfurther ad ideas_Layout up the supply 1 chain. 6/7/18 11:47 AM Pageare among2 the priorities. of its requirements.

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MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 9 The Edit

WATER TUNNELS NUCLEAR REGULATOR KICKS ‘SPINAL TAP’ KEY STATS NEW FUNDING MODEL BACK 14 WATER STAR OPPOSES COULD RESCUE COMPANY AMP7 STONEHENGE £21bn SHELVED WYLFA SPENDING PLANS TUNNEL PLANS Value of NUCLEAR PROJECT Wylfa Water regulator Ofwat has told Spinal Tap star Harry Shearer has nuclear The government is putting together 14 water companies to revise their called for the £1.6bn Stonehenge a revised funding plan in a last ditch Asset Management Period 7 tunnel scheme to be scrapped. power station attempt to revive the suspended business plans for the five year Shearer – who plays fictitious rock project Wylfa Newydd nuclear power project, period between 2020 and 2025. Of star Derek Smalls in the 1980s spoof on Anglesey, North Wales. Chancellor the 17 water companies to submit documentary “This is Spinal Tap” Philip Hammond confirmed that plans, only three – Severn Trent, – has lodged an official response to the government is working on a South West Water and United Utilities the Planning Inspectorate’s public new financing model hoping it will – received the green light by the water consultation on Highways England’s persuade nuclear power developer regulator. Four of the companies – plans to build a 2.9km long twin-bore Hitachi to reconsider its decision to Affinity Water, Hafren Dyfrdwy, tunnel under the World Heritage Site. freeze work on the £21bn project. Thames Water and Southern Water – A scene in the film involves the band Hitachi “paused” the project earlier were singled out by Ofwat as “having performing on stage with a miniature this month, citing funding issues. the most work to do”. Their version of one of Stonehenge’s Ministers could now accelerate plans investment plans will need a Neolithic arches. In his response to to introduce regulated asset base “substantial rework” according to the consultation, Shearer said that the (RAB) funding for nuclear power Ofwat’s assessment. Targets for the “internationally-known monument [is] projects, to boost investor confidence sector in the next funding period deserving of more respect” than the in the sector. RAB funding is based on include a 15% leaks reduction, a 45% proposed A303 road scheme. Shearer cost and profit predictions across the cut in emissions and an 80% said he had “an emotional connection lifetime of an asset. It is already being reduction in pollution incidents. to the place”. used to on the Thames Tideway.

TRANSPORT UNDERSEA TUNNEL APPROVED

The 18km long Fehmarnbelt tunnel link between Germany and Denmark has received the long awaited green light from the German government, paving the way for construction to start. The project was originally due to begin in 2012 and despite continued Danish government support, final sign off from the Schleswig-Holstein regional government in Germany has only now been granted.

10 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 “The ICE Ben Fund helped me to pay my rent

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Delayed Crossrail awaits central station fit outs

Rob systems to drag on until the end of the summer. Horgan KEY STATS The amount of work to be done varies from station to station with Bond Street furthest behind the pack. 6,000 lastered on the hoard- Long rumoured to be the most ings outside each of Number of problematic site on the project, there Crossrail’s 10 central workers still is now a very serious likelihood that P stations, written in on site it will be left out of the maiden voyage bold, blue capital of trains passing through the central letters are the words “OPENING – whenever that may be. DECEMBER 2018”. At the other nine stations, work to Christmas has, however, come complete mechanical and electrical and gone and the hoardings remain installation, testing and commis- in place as a haunting reminder of a sioning activity and final fit-out is deadline forever moving in the wrong underway. direction. Tier one substantial demobilisation In fact, “many, many thousands (TOSD) was achieved at Woolwich of hours” of work are still required on 19 Dec 2018, with Balfour Beatty to get Crossrail’s central London the first of the main contractors to stations over the finish line, move out. according to the project’s new chief Shortly before Christmas, the executive Mark Wild. Bam Nuttall, Ferrovial and Kier joint as 18 January. With no end date in sight, those venture wrapped up at Farringdon That means main contractors managers in charge of Crossrail’s and Laing O’Rourke demobilised at are still beavering away at central stations are still busy at work inside Custom House on the same day. Crossrail stations including Totten- Transport for London’s plush new TOSD was also achieved in Cross- ham Court Road, Liverpool Street, Stratford offices. rail areas at Woolwich as recently Whitechapel and Bond Street with The official line is that Crossrail over 6,000 people still employed by bosses are “reviewing as a matter the tier one contractors on site. of urgency the work still required to As exclusively reported in last complete the new stations and rail Station month’s issue, Crossrail is renego- infrastructure along with the critical tiating lump sum payments with its safety testing” in order to “establish contractors contractors to incentivise them to get a robust and deliverable plan to open the job done. the railway”. are working towards Getting tier ones out the door New Civil Engineer understands effectively means that final fit-out is that the station contractors are full tier one underway, when the focus can switch working towards full tier one demo- demobilisation by to integration, testing and commis- bilisation by April or May, with final sioning of the stations’ systems. fit out and testing, including track “ And while testing and commission- April or May

12 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 of complication,” the source said. “They are supplied by systems The civil works wide contractor ATC but the station is built by CSJV [Costain and Skanska were delayed joint venture]. So we have two and it does have different contracts that we have to make sure are properly coordinated a knock on effect together. “They are both focused on their on mechanical and own works and it will frustrate anoth- er contractor who needs to come in “ electrical installations and use the same space, which has cre- ated a bit of difficulty to get the tunnel vent fans installed and sealed off.” The source added: “They are the because of the location of where it is. biggest thing down there – they kick “The civil works were delayed and out a lot of heat so we have to have it does have a knock on effect to the air conditioning units down there to mechanical and electrical installa- keep them cool.” tions. All [civils works are] finished Because of the delay to the tunnel now but flooding it with staff to get ventilation system, the heating, the fit out done was delayed by about ventilation and air conditioning a year.” plant rooms at either end of the At the other nine central London station have also been late going in. stations, most of the fit out is com- Before the plant rooms are installed plete, with cladding and finishes to everything else has to be cleared break-out areas needed to complete out so that workers have room to interfaces with the existing London manoeuvre. Underground (LU) network. Floor and wall finishes, as well At Tottenham Court Road and as installation of the precast glass Liverpool Street work on the new reinforced cladding system have yet ticket halls has yet to be completed to be completed to cover the spray with the installation of ticket barriers concrete lined walls in the platform and third-party areas such as pop-up tunnels, cross passages, central con- shops and advertising boards still to course and on the escalator inclines. be finalised. There are still services to be It is a similar story at Farringdon installed and systems testing has to where there are a number of interface be done before those finishes are put issues with LU at its eastern entrance to bed. near Barbican station that require Completing the civils works at finishing off. the station has delayed mechanical Whitechapel is in very much the and electrical equipment installation same shape, but with only one en- by about a year, New Civil Engineer trance, the finishing touches should ing has begun at most of the central Testing and understands. be a quicker job. London stations, there is “a lot more commissioning All the tunnelling was completed For Whitechapel, Farringdon, Liv- work to do” at Bond Street, according is underway on schedule, but erecting internal erpool Street and Tottenham Court to a Crossrail source. at Woolwich structures, such as floor slabs, took Road testing and commissioning of Heavy mechanical and electrical after tier one much longer than expected, delaying the fire alarm system, emergency equipment installation is still some contractors the start of the final mechanical and lighting systems and all safety critical way from completion at the problem demobilised in electrical and fit-out work. assets is now underway. station, with final fit-out and months January Bond Street’s location at the heart For each system there are three of testing still to come. of London’s congested West End has stages of testing. With systems at With 95% of final designs now also been a big hindrance, impacting most stations now largely being con- signed off, the source told New Civil almost every stage of construction. trolled locally, the last thing “hanging Engineer that the main ticket item left “Bond Street is in a difficult area, out” is ensuring the stations can be to finish at Bond Street is the installa- it is a difficult location to get to,” the operated remotely from the monitor- tion of two tunnel ventilation fans. source said. “You can’t have vans ing facility in Romford. These are being supplied by Cross- parked outside, everything has to After that, Crossrail’s central rail’s systems wide contractor ATC, come straight in on time. It is difficult London stations should be ready to but getting the fans on site has been a enough to get down to the site itself. go. As for when trains come into op- major challenge. “Putting the shafts in at Bond Street eration, perhaps wait before putting a “The tunnel vent fans are a big area and all the civils work was difficult date on the hoardings just yet.

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 13 Sam Stacey BY EMILY ASHWELL Fostering a manufacturing approach to construction

nyone who can recall ing the design of energy-efficient their school days will buildings, built from manufactured know why prefabri- components. A cated buildings once The backdrop to this from gov- had such a bad name ernment’s side is laid out in its In- – lessons in damp, cold structures dustrial Strategy. The aim is that by which felt like little more than card- 2025, buildings will be 33% cheaper board boxes sitting on paving slabs. to construct and maintain and that

The Interview The On 1 January the government’s they will be delivered 50% faster, ambition to favour offsite construc- current emission levels halved. tion when procuring public sector A key target of this investment projects came in to force. Far from research and development of a kit being a step backwards, this new of parts for buildings – components era of manufactured buildings is at such as risers or windows. the cutting-edge of construction. This kit will contain standardised, Sam Stacey is leading the pro- ‘these are the guidelines you have modular components which can be gramme to transform construction to adhere to in your design. If you reproduced on an industrial scale, at government-body Innovate UK, adhere to these guidelines you’re much like pieces of Lego. taking on the role of challenge direc- definitely going to be conforming to So far, the biggest chunk of this tor last September. the requirements of the clients.” investment – £72M – has gone His approach will be broadly Stacey has a £170M pot of towards setting up the Core Inno- twofold. Firstly he will encourage government cash to “transform” vation Hub, a channel to fund the government procurement bodies to construction, backed up by £250M initiative which is being undertaken favour new construction processes of aligned investment from industry by three industry bodies. These and techniques, including off-site innovation body i3P. bodies together call themselves the manufacturing. Secondly he will This spending is intended to Transforming Construction Alliance. seek to enable the industry to deliv- improve construction efficiency It comprises the Manufacturing er this. The Department for Educa- and productivity, while making Technology Centre which will de- tion’s school building programme the industry cleaner by promot- velop the kit; the Centre for Digital will be the first area of public sector Built Britain in Cambridge which building to see the effects of this. ensures the kit is compatible with “We will provide the guidelines digital design requirements; and the and the public sector will use them There will be building research body BRE which in the way it procures,” he says. will test the performance of the kit’s “The building type the government a high degree components. is prioritising is schools because “The idea is that we define what’s there’s big demand. of conformity, and I going to be efficient, effective and “We are making it really easy high quality in terms of building a for the industry. We are saying think that’s desirable kit of parts, and then we advise the 14 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 “ The energy efficient building

procuring bodies, particularly the gov- accelerate market adoption of so- ernment, to ask for those kinds of solu- For all this to lar-powered building design and cut tions,” he says. “And then we support KEY FACTS barriers to its use. the wider supply chain in providing work, it requires It is at Swansea that a prototype those solutions on a mass scale.” of an energy-efficient classroom, Bryden Wood is the architectural £170M that we reach a tipping complete with solar tubes, photovol- partner which is advising on the Amount of point where it becomes taic panels, a heat exchanger and an development of the kit. energy storage capability, has been “It has done a lot of work in defin- government the norm developed. All this will help the drive ing this approach,” says Stacey. “More cash to build the efficient classroom build- than any other firm, it will be defining “ ings of the near future. available for what the whole thing looks like.” al engineer, does Stacey not have While construction has been slow Bryden Wood has been developing transforming concerns about a future of cook- to modernise, Stacey believes that the the concept of customisable construc- construction ie-cutter public buildings as a result fourth stage of industrial revolution tion systems. In effect, it is working on of this approach? He argues it will – industry 4.0 – gives a ripe environ- a catalogue of components, each with lead to better design, comparing the ment where the sector can draw on specific details about how they can be approach to that of car manufacturing interoperability, digital modelling and used It will set out, for example, the where a designer would spend more artificial intelligence. maximum load a component can take. time honing and refining the design Drawing from his most recent role The idea is that these mass-manufac- for a mass-produced car than if each at contractor Skanska, where he was tured components can then be used car were to be built on a one-off basis. director of innovation, industrialisa- in a range of different structures. Alongside the Core Innovation tion and business improvement, he “We want to make sure the interop- Hub, the first batch of recipients for recognises it is difficult for firms to erability of different components research and development cash have take the plunge when deciding wheth- works seamlessly but also maximise just been announced. er to invest in new method. creative freedom within those param- These projects are from industry, “I think there’s enormous enthu- eters,” says Stacey. academia or a combination of both. siasm and appetite [for the industry “There will be a high degree of Among the projects receiving £18M in to modernise], but I think there has conformity [in public buildings funding are a project led by Keltbray been fear of taking the first steps. constructed with these components] Group which will develop new piling For all this to work it requires that and I think that’s desirable, certainly solutions to integrate energy and rain- we reach a tipping point where it desirable from the point of view man- water re-use when laying foundations. becomes the norm. ufacturing techniques and efficiencies Another project led by the University “So, in a world where most people and arguably to have a consistent of Bath involves Aecom and AKT II are operating by the old method, if asset portfolio. The concept is about working together to optimise the de- you stick your neck out and develop maximising life cycle value not just min- sign of concrete buildings, including standardised offsite techniques, you imising capital cost. High conformity is prefabrication. Finally, £36M of the can be vulnerable to fluctuations in conducive to efficiencies,” he says. cash is going to the Active Building demand, so need to get a level of scale But as an architect and structur- Centre in Swansea, which works to and consistency of demand,” he says. N

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 15 engineering is the career for them might be very disillusioned, which is not a message we would want feeding back into schools. Members might be very interested in the ICE publishing a graphical report on how the gender balance Your View might change over several decades based on a consistent 30% female LETTERS TO THE EDITOR intake moving into the workforce AND COMMENTS ONLINE but, also, for a 50% figure. The ICE should be able to predict this quite well using data from its extensive membership database. This should WATER has been banned, and insuperable inculcate a sense of realism to the bureaucratic procurement strategies we wish to pursue. ROAD SECTOR CAN constraints. Bob Bennett (M), HELP REDUCE THE USE @ Frank Netterberg, [email protected] OF POTABLE WATER [email protected] EQUALITY The article on Cape Town’s water EQUALITY BROAD MINDED crisis by Jillian Mock in the July 2018 issue of New Civil Engineer GENDER IMBALANCE APPROACH suggests the potential for more REQUIRES CLOSER cities to run dry. EXAMINATION One way of making water go a little further is to use non-potable water for road construction instead Keith Jones’ viewpoint (New Civil of the potable water usually Engineer, January 2019) calling for specified. action on gender imbalance in the Allowing for losses such profession deserves the attention of as wastage and evaporation, all ICE members. With such a high construction of a new road in dry percentage of male civil engineers, weather in a dry climate usually ICE membership demographics requires upwards of 1,000m3 to preclude significant change except 2,000m3 of water per day – and up to in a timescale measured in decades. 10,000m3 was used for one road in I believe it is still factually correct an arid area. that about 60% of qualified and Even 1,000m3 is sufficient for working ICE members are aged 20,000 people at the daily Cape over 50 and probably 95% male. Tideway: Treating symptom not cause? Town drought ration of 50l/day/ Hence, over the next 15 years person. as these members retire there I was dismayed that the only letters Work on the use of non-potable will be a very helpful gender published in the January 2019 water and even seawater in road balance shift simply by natural issue regarding the interview of our construction was carried out years wastage. It is also pertinent that a new President (New Civil Engineer, ago in the Cape Town area and significant proportion of the female December 2018) were negative. They elsewhere in southern Africa undergraduates (cited by Jones as picked up on one issue, namely This showed that, with certain now making up 30% of the cohort) gender equality and were critical of precautions, even seawater could are from abroad where very different Wyllie citing client requirements as be used in all layers including a work cultures for women exist. the reason it is important. granular base under a thin seal and A second point to note is that ICE I noticed this statement and it did in a slurry seal. membership director Sean Harris, give pause for thought, as it does This work even included full- told the Yorkshire Graduate and not accord with the mantra we have scale road experiments carried Students debate in October last become used to hearing. However, out at the request of the road year, that academia was currently I would suggest that it serves authorities of the time and The Editor, supplying enough civil engineering more to underline the important monitored for more than the 20 New Civil graduates, at all levels, to meet the role of clients. By setting out their year design life of the roads. industry’s needs. This means that requirements they shape their Engineer, Yet before and even during if the female student intake into supply chains and the businesses Telephone the drought, the present road civil engineering increases to match in them. authorities have expressed no House, that of males, there will either be Our industry mostly leads on interest in funding the writing-up of 69-77 Paul too few work places for them on technical innovation and efficiency this work, ranging from complete Street, London, graduation or academia will need gains. Clients often drive broader indifference to citing excuses EC2A 4NQ to raise entry requirements to limit changes. In the end industry and such as: “we are not building any Email: nceedit@ numbers. Some of the school leavers its clients move pretty much in roads rights now”, all research emap.com who have been persuaded that civil (Continued overleaf)

16 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 GOOD POINT CROSSRAILYOUR VIEWS AND SHAMBLESOPINIONS

I read so much about project time overruns and unbelievable contracts everyone’s individual ambitions were all perfectly cost escalation on some projects that I ask why? What aligned so that the contractors would deliver on time and on credibility has an industry that cannot seem to manage itself? budget? While the company that I work for now is not in mainstream I have worked in this industry for nearly 50 years and have civil engineering, part of our business works on projects where never seen or met a contractor who isn’t going to try to screw the civil engineering culture applies. as much extra money out of a contract as possible, even when Two key aspects of these projects make me believe that we, clearly not justified. It is about time that clients, sponsors, as civil engineers, have lost control. These are procurement promoters and funders of all projects got wise and crafted idiocy and the application of a variety of health and safety a contract which dealt with such a fundamentally opposing programmes. ambition from that of the client. We had one once: it was called Procurement policies focused on lowest prices without any the ICE 5th Edition, a much-maligned document but nowhere serious engineering or risk considerations are rife and often near as damaging to the clients’ pocket as these ‘collaborative’ result in overspends. Tunnelling projects in particular often contracts of recent years. encounter problems, but decisions made by procurement Surely there should be an urgent public inquiry with the full departments related to ground investigations, that have no force of judicial disclosure to get to the bottom of this Crossrail idea of geology, often dictate the course of events. Years mess. Perhaps High Speed 2 should be suspended until the ago, contractors would run into financial difficulties findings are clear. because of delays in claims payment and cash Philip Alexander (F) [email protected] flow problems. On the health and safety question, my I agree with much of Tim Martyn-Jones’s letter, company is accredited to Lloyds Register for regarding the apparently late notification of 12 safety management, yet on a recent project months’ delay to the completion of Crossrail where several contractors are working in (New Civil Engineer November 2018). However, a confined space, the health and safety there are several aspects overlooked with guru is making up his own rules as he goes respect to client involvement, and I fear I detect along and ignores our safety culture, our a rodent or two. performance or the accredited programme. Was the client not represented at all progress That is not helpful and is costly for the client. meetings throughout the duration of the works, Such dictatorial attitudes, and to a degree and thus aware of potential delays? Was the client ignorance, make employees disrespectful of the actually aware of delays to progress well before they “rules” and is counterproductive. were announced publicly, but deferred announcement for So, when you read about delays and cost overruns to an ulterior motive? Did changes made by the client to the projects, some running to millions of pounds, you have to specification of the signalling system – or any other part of the question why. It is embarrassing for an engineer to be seen as works – warrant a substantial rethink of the requirement, and someone who cannot run the show. Is it not time for the ICE to thus reprogramming? Was pressure put by the client on the forensically examine this cancer in our business and highlight contractor at tender negotiation stage to shorten the duration the main causes? If we, as an industry, are not prepared to ask of some critical activities on his programme, which the why, we are failing to deliver projects on time and on budget contractor was unable to resist in order to be awarded the job? and correct the culture, then we cannot be called professional. And crucially, has the contractor been awarded an extension John Beswick [email protected] of time for completion, with costs? If so, it implies that the client did somehow interfere with the works at a late stage in Another month, another disgraceful revelation from the the construction process, denying the contractor the ability Crossrail fiasco New( Civil Engineer last month). This is now to respond without losing time. With a project as complex as getting beyond a joke. I can’t keep up with the incredible Crossrail I doubt that any single item causing a delay of 12 incompetence of project management, senior Crossrail months was foreseeable at tender – by anyone. executives and whoever else. Why should we trust any of them Those of us dyed-in-the-wool construction supervision ever to deliver a major project ever again? And to think that engineers of some experience know that clients are notorious High Speed 2 has been approved to be delivered by some of for changing their minds – admittedly, sometimes unavoidably the same individuals and companies is truly staggering. – without fully appreciating the time and cost ramifications. It How about finding out exactly what the conditions of seems to me unlikely that this issue amounts to simply errors contract for each of the many contracts are so that we can of judgement by contractors. judge whether the contractors should be entitled to anything One thing is for sure: this story is not over yet – nor are its over their contractual entitlements? Weren’t we all being told consequences. at the start of the project that due to the use of collaborative Mike Franklin (F retd), [email protected]

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 17 Your View

lockstep. You do not get very far in contractors could be recovering locally dedicated consultants that our economy by offering goods or “credit” from HMRC (New Civil specialise in assisting companies in services that no one wants nor by Engineer, last month). making their R&D Tax credit claim demanding goods and services that I concur with Tim Fitch’s quoted – often with a free no-obligation no one can offer. Peter Mumford comments. consultation. of Highways England makes some What your article failed to Nick Preston (F) [email protected] pertinent points in this regard in the communicate, to the average Editor’s note: Thank you Nick for same issue. New Civil Engineer reader, is that reminding us that other tax credit It is very welcome that our new there are many national and advisors are available. President brings experience from the cutting edge of our industry and STRUCTURES broad thinking to the role of the ICE going forward. REPLACE POLCEVERA BRIDGE WITH A TUNNEL Tony Walters (F), Croydon, [email protected]

ENERGY NUCLEAR IS FAILING LET’S GET BACK TO THE BARRAGE IDEA

Time to revisit barrage power?

With all the bad news regarding this government’s nuclear policy, is it not about time to revisit tidal power options including the Severn barrage? David Laws (M retd) Watchet [email protected] The Editor, New Civil BUSINESS Engineer, A tunnel could take Genoa traffic under obstacles like housing blocks Telephone ADVICE ON GETTING Your article on replacing the and the need for multiple long spans, R&D TAX CREDITS House, Polcevera viaduct (New Civil Genoa may wish to consider a bored 69-77 Paul Engineer, December 2018) discussed tunnel option similar to the Alaskan Thank you very much for an Street, London, only bridge options. It is not really Way Viaduct replacement SR 99 excellent article regarding the EC2A 4NQ so nice to have a wide vehicular tunnel in Seattle. ease and extent to which civil Email: nceedit@ bridge built over buildings. And with Markus Ruddock, Singapore engineering companies and emap.com so many obstructions along the way [email protected]

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Patent pending [email protected] | 01933 654582 | marshindustries.co.uk INTELLIGENT WaTEr TREATMENT Business Culture Major Project Management HOW TO DELIVER Crossrail’s unfolding problems suggest the management team was out of touch with the scale of issues it faced. Emily Ashwell asks how project leaders can stay in the know and keep programmes on track.

fter the successful back to the culture which sits within have evolved to involve increasingly delivery of the a project, and if you’ve got a very complex systems, how well suited are 2012 Olympic KEY FACTS commercial, contractual, legalistic those project management skills to infrastructure, approach sitting within a project then today’s challenges. expectations that 2012 it will bode ill,” he says. “We need good project Crossrail would “I often say: ‘is there anything new management, but as it is currently emulate its on time, to budget Start of to learn and is our problem that we defined and practiced it isn’t really deliveryA were high. the London just don’t carry forward consistently sufficient as a management discipline It was not to be. Today, three Olympics what we already know?’” he adds. to plan and deliver these very large months after its scheduled He recalls the 1970s when the infrastructure programmes,” says completion, the project still has no Major Projects Association would Simon Murray, former major projects firm opening date, its chief executive 2011 run seminars on successful project director at airport operator BAA and and chairman have been ousted and delivery as the UK underwent a major rail infrastructure owner and operator the project is running massively over Completion of programme of motorway and power Railtrack and now a non-executive budget. But if Crossrail is an example London 2012 station building. director of Highways England. of project management failure, what project It is a generally accepted view “Everybody’s been through the should the leaders of major projects that, from the 1980s, the UK began same training, buys into the same do to ensure they succeed? to lead the way in civil engineering ideas, and the same ways of doing The London 2012 scheme left a project management. But as projects things and I think we need, as far as website full of learning legacies for practices are concerned, much more current and future projects to work emphasis on planning and managing from. Former Olympic Delivery production in a project rather than just Authority (ODA) chair Sir John So many of planning and managing subcontracts Armitt, now chair of the National and the overall critical path.” Infrastructure Commission, these things He warns that this singular culture argues the sector has project means “ears and eyes are shut” management expertise and that come down to to good ideas, but admitted that many projects are successful, but there was great variance in terms of he says problems can surface if the personalities, they openness to new ideas. project culture is not right. come back to the Armitt argues that much of the “I think so often these things come ODA’s success was because of the back to personalities, they come “ collaborative culture in the London culture

20 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 READ MORE BUSINESS ARTICLES AT ./BUSINESS-CULTURE

Leaders must have high levels of emotional intelligence

“have mastered an ability to manage their own anxieties and reactive mind concerned with serving their own ego or individual preferences. They have developed a mindset to serve the greater project and societal interests. They recognise anxiety or uncertainty in others and aim to support and explore in an open-minded way when things do not go to plan.” Anthony Fitzsimmons is chair of Reputability, a consultant specialising in reputational risk. He says most major crises are predictable, particularly to well-informed outsiders; and most are avoidable. But he says personalities can often block a culture of openness. “It is too common for leaders to react with hostility to bad news, for example 2012 project. Farringdon maintains the M25. by shouting or worse,” he says. He adds that an open and Crossrail station Temporal Consulting business “If it is known that someone is collaborative culture has to start at partners Nicola Temporal and unreceptive to bad news, many the top, with the client, and must Simon Cavicchia use the term VUCA people will think it is unpleasant run through aspects including – volatile, uncertain, complex and and risky to pass on bad news, and the procurement and contractual ambiguous – to describe major potentially bad for their career. arrangements. This is what happened engineering projects. “Another problem can be that at the ODA, which was charged with “The more successful versus less people get disheartened about raising delivering the six year London 2012 successful projects seem to have problems if they believe nothing will build programme, one year of the a working culture led by leaders change as a result. So, leaders are left Games themselves. and leadership teams that have in the dark until it is too late.” Pain/gain financial arrangements aligned around the acceptance and There are also questions about were one example of this approach. understanding that they are in this the governance of projects that have “It was very much a contract environment that needs constant boards akin to those in private sector which incentivised designers and attention if the time, cost and businesses – particularly given the contractors to work together to quality, aspects of a project are to apparent lack of awareness of the keep it underneath the target price be successfully monitored, balanced severity of Crossrail’s problems at the because there was a lot more upside and delivered to the satisfaction of all highest level within the organisation. for them,” he says. stakeholders,” says Temporal. Are project board members furnished There are examples of new projects Success means building resilient with accurate information about that are trying to do things differently teams that can work in this complex the intricacies of how a project is by instilling a truly open and environment, she says, adding that performing in the same way business collaborative cultures within project failure to do so often results in low boards members are in general? teams. levels of collaboration, innovation “I suspect that they are not,” The Highways England team and increases in overall silo working, Murray surmises. “I suspect if developing the Lower Thames conflict, stress and waste. you compare the board of a large Crossing is endeavouring to adopt To combat this, leaders must have infrastructure company with the this approach. It has engaged high levels of emotional intelligence, board of one of our large retailers or business psychology specialist with an understanding of how their manufacturers, I suggest the board Temporal Consulting to advise on response to situations impacts the of the retailer or manufacturer has this following its previous work with overall project. far more information about what’s teams such as Connect Plus, which “These leaders are self-aware, and going on.” N

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 21 Business Culture SME Profile TEAM CULTURE Transforming the procurement and delivery of civil engineering projects is a major issue for the industry at large. Leading the way are specialist SME companies like PCSG. Mark Hansford finds out more.

roydon -based and largely helped contractors consultant PCSG is big and small with marketing no ordinary SME. It KEY FACTS strategies, business development, The firm, now nearly 50-strong, still boasts as chairman the bid management, bid writing and provides bid support to contractors government’s former 50 bid production. Many a contractor but is much broader and bolder. building information secretly owes some big contract wins “The whole point of bringing the modelling (BIM) tsar, Mark Bew. So Staff to her advice. three companies together was to Cit should come as no surprise that employed PCS evolved organically until leverage as much value as possible digital advisory services are a key currently 2011 when, fresh from advising the from our collective brainpower and element of the PCSG offer. The firm government on its BIM strategy, solve key business issues with digital, is busy working with UK government 12 Mark Bew founded sister company environmental and people-centric clients such as High Speed 2 Ltd and New recruits ECS to offer strategic advice about strategies,” explains Katherine Bew. Highways England, or spreading its sought in 2019 digital technology. Then in 2014 Nowhere is that better wings globally and bringing BIM to environmental consultant Earth to demonstrated than at Sellafield, Australia and the wider Asia-Pacific Ocean Ltd was acquired and the three where PCSG has helped to region from its Melbourne satellite firms were brought together as PCSG. develop a genuinely innovative, office. transformational new contractual But Mark Bew is only part of mechanism. the story. Where PCSG is focusing The approach which has the and where it is making waves right potential to accelerate the delivery now is in helping clients deliver The key role for of remediation works at the nuclear transformation programmes through reprocessing plant at best value for new approaches. This frequently PCSG is to use the taxpayer. involves changes in mindsets, With its partners, nuclear cultures and behaviours. leading-edge data and engineering consultant Nuclear It is the passion of PCSG founder Technologies and project manager and managing director, Katherine process techniques to Enkom, PCSG is part of the project Bew, Mark Bew’s wife. She started the facilitation team tasked with supporting firm as PCS in 2000 after leaving Laing drive maximum value the trial of the use of an outcome Civil Engineering. “ based contracting (OBC) approach. at all stages of the Back then PCS played to Katherine The relatively small yet complex Bew’s strengths as a marketeer asset lifecycle remediation of Pile 1 East Bower House

22 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 READ MORE BUSINESS ARTICLES AT NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/BUSINESS-CULTURE

If someone trusts us to deliver, and we do deliver, then it leads to “more work asks. “It is a privilege to be part of this team.” If that work is close to the heart of Katherine’s passions, PCSG’s work on High Speed 2 is close to that of her husband Mark. There, it is working on an equally cutting-edge project to deliver a platform that unites all the data being held in the mega-project’s plethora of work packages “The key role for PCSG is to use leading-edge data and process techniques to drive maximum value at all stages of the asset lifecycle,” she explains. The business is certainly going from strength to strength. It is looking to meet customer demand and maintain its significant growth rate by adding around 12 people to the team was selected as the pilot project for Katherine and open communication, then you through 2019. OBC, which is being delivered using Bew: delivering have the recipe for a true win-win. But “We will only grow and develop the NEC3 ECC Option A: the fixed price transformational you have to be committed and invest if we can find people with the right option. change to project in it, from beginning to end,” she says. values, behaviours and capabilities The project outcomes of value to procurement There is a lot going on under that mean we remain technically Sellafield are identified at the outset the bonnet of PCSG’s collaborative outstanding,” stresses Bew. and defined in the tender – there are approach and Katherine Bew has “As owners of the business we six in the pilot project. Fixed price been instrumental in the development are in charge of our own destiny. We payments are made on the successful of an OBC toolkit to capture the choose to invest significant earnings delivery of each outcome. principles and all the effort required in developing both our people and The beauty of it, says Katherine from all sides. our products,” she states. Bew, is in the collaboration that takes “The OBC principles in the toolkit Clients are missing out if their place before contract award and then are really important – they ensure procurement strategies make it throughout delivery. alignment of the project to corporate difficult to access the resources and “Considerable time and effort objectives and the basis for this skills of the innovative SME sector. have been invested to really highly collaborative approach. “This could be eased if procurement understand and define what is meant Alongside the OBC principles, there processes acknowledged the by collaboration in the context of are 50 activities in total in the toolkit’s untapped value that organisations remediation contracts at Sellafield. project roadmap and we have such as PCSG can bring,” she says. “We’ve taken our high-performance guidance and learning for each to Much of PCSG’s work comes team model which introduces the help the collaborative process work,” from reputation and personal three key collaboration activities: she explains. recommendation and that, says Bew, proactive risk management, joint Transformational change such as is ultimately what matters. problem solving and learning leading this takes time, but overall the pilot “The reality is, if someone trusts to improvement,” she explains. – now over halfway through delivery us to deliver, and we do deliver, then “If, as an integrated team, you are – is already proving to be an award- it leads to more work, meaning we constantly doing those three things winning hit and Sellafield has been have a sustainable business while and you have the collaboration working with the project facilitation enhancing our clients’ businesses. imperatives of strong continuous team to roll it out on the next, bigger, For me, it really is all about the leadership, mutual trust and respect, project. “What could be better?” she win-win.” N

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 23 9 October 2019 Grosvenor House Hotel, London

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MARCH 2019 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 25 CHANGE MAKERS Buildings of the future are being designed to foster greater social interaction, while incorporating different materials, and will be built in offsite factories. Katherine Smale reports.

Future he says, by way of example. “We’re tracking that as a really important COMPLETIONS of Buildings KEY FACTS emerging trend.” In a WSP survey, published last BY MATERIAL TIMELINE 2.5bn summer, 1,000 Londoners were asked uildings are on the cusp of how many neighbours they could 1.4% 0.7% 160 a revolution. Extra people name. The average was just 2.5. Of The way we live, work expected those living in fl ats, three quarters 150 and play is changing and failed to name anyone in their block. 140 so too will the buildings to be living “Our research shows that it’s that we use. From in cities by not just old people who suffer from 35% 130 concerns about carbon emissions loneliness. Students, particularly 2050 120 through to an increasingly urban overseas students, young mums and B of completions Number – and ageing – population, the disabled people are as, if not more, 110 challenges and opportunities facing likely to suffer from social isolation as 90% 62.9% 100 the built environment are plentiful. the old,” Symons adds. All that is required is a change in Percentage A conservative estimate suggests 90 approach. So where do engineers start? of global that just over 1M workers experience 80 Offsite manufacturing, designing population loneliness in the UK while a study with standardised “kits of parts”, in 2007 by the New Economics 70 adopting new structural and façade growth Foundation estimated that in 2007 Concrete Mixed 60 materials along with better design for concentrated social cohesion will all play a role in Composite Steel 50 delivering buildings fi t for the future. in Africa and Number of 200m+ completions 40 Consultant WSP’s future ready Asia Designing Number of 300m+ completions programme leader David Symons 30 thinks focusing on building for a future Primary construction materials for 20 inhabitants, rather than the design, is tall buildings completed in 2018 a good place to start. of loneliness is an (above). Tall building completions by 10 height (right). 0 SOCIAL ISOLATION area we’re spending “Designing for a future of loneliness 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2012 2014 2016 2018 a huge about of time 20002002200420062008 2010 is an area we’re spending a huge Source: CTBUH Year amount of time thinking about,” “ thinking about

26 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER MARCH 2019 The Table Top apartments When you look concept for New York attempts to at the London facilitate social City Plan 2036, there’s interaction an emphasis shift “from London and its business credentials to people

the cost of loneliness to employers through its impact on health and wellbeing was £2.5bn per year. There is an enormous amount of work engineers can do with architects to design places that help overcome isolation. Landscaping to encourage social interaction, benches and more common spaces in and around buildings are all simple, but important, things to incorporate into designs. Other ideas include including step free access as standard and giving residents access to all fl oors not just their own to encourage interaction. Architect Kwong Von Glinow has designed a modular building concept called the Table Top Apartments COMPLETIONS for New York’s tightly packed urban environment. It says it will create an BY MATERIAL TIMELINE affordable and open building aimed at encouraging social interaction. 1.4% 0.7% The concept is based on the idea 160 of stacking different shaped tables 150 on top of each other. The result is deliberately misaligned fl oor slabs, 140 with gaps and spaces between units 35% 130 and levels. This channels more air and light 120 through the building and forms Number of completions Number 110 balconies from which people can interact with each other. 62.9% 100 Council on Tall buildings and Urban 90 Habitat (CTBUH) chair Steve Watt agrees that there is a shift to more 80 inclusive building design. 70 “When you look at the London City Plan 2036, there’s an emphasis Concrete Mixed 60 shift from London and its business Composite Steel 50 credentials to people,” says Watts. Number of 200m+ completions “The term mental health is in the 40 Number of 300m+ completions plan several times, and how we could 30 improve that by designing active ground plans, improving pedestrian 20 permeability and public realm 10 between the buildings.” In the CTBUH’s latest annual 0 research into tall buildings, the 1972 1974 1976 1978 1968 1970 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 199820002002200420062008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 number of towers over 200m tall Year across the globe is steadily growing with over half containing a residential

MARCH 2019 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 27 World View Future of Buildings

Timber is now being considered as having the potential to break “boundaries in tall building construction

element. The biggest growth is in China which continues to grow its cities. It completed 25 more tall buildings than the rest of the world in 2010, and this increased to 87 last year. It also built seven out of the 10 tallest buildings completed across the globe last year. The tallest is the 527.7m high China Zun building in Beijing. United Nations projections show that urbanisation combined with global population growth could add another 2.5bn people to urban populations by 2050, with close to example above railway lines and The 80m tall infrastructure that can yield more 90% of the increase concentrated in stations, is now being seriously timber framed than 250,000 new homes in London Asia and Africa. considered. Mjøstårnet – around five times the annual Watts says Singapore is an example tower near Oslo minimum needed by the capital. of where high rise residential RAILWAY DWELLINGS is now under buildings can work. There, blocks are The 16 storey, 50m tall, Biodiversity construction MATERIAL CHANGES built with hawker centres – cheap Tower in Paris is a good example of Whether building tall above railway communal eating areas – and play where previously overlooked land lines or on urban land, structural parks nearby. The buildings are also is being used to meet the meet the concrete has been the primary occupied by a wide cross section needs of growing urbanisation. material used in the construction of the population to encourage There, the new building, and its of most of the towers built in the interaction between different structural engineer Arcadis, had to past year, accounting for 63% of the demographics. overcome significant engineering buildings completed globally. “Can we get to that point [where challenges. Composite buildings combining tower blocks are suitable for families] These included mitigating high structural steel and concrete was in the UK?” he asks. “I’m not sure, I flood risk from the nearby river next most popular forming 35% of think it’ll require a change in culture Seine; building close to the traffic- the towers completed. Only one in this country for that to happen. heavy Périphérique ring road; building was completed using “It’s just as much about the public unfavourable ground conditions and structural steel alone. realm in and around the building, the dealing with vibrations from high However, cement in concrete is amenities in the building and the way speed TGV and local trains running thought to be the source of about 8%

they’re used as much as the quality of below the site. of the world’s carbon dioxide (CO2) the building itself.” Despite challenges like this, the emissions, according to think tank To help solve some of the issues value of building social housing Chatham House. concerning the lack of interaction on previously untapped space in So with global agreements such between people in tall towers, he a congested city has been proven. as the Paris climate change accord thinks bigger bridges will be built Concrete slabs designed in the 1990s putting pressure on countries to

between buildings, increasing access and 2000s now cover many of Paris’s cut CO2 emissions, designers and to communal space and making it railway lines and have enabled many contractors are now looking to easier for people to connect. large Rive Gauche developments to lower the carbon footprint of tall Growing population density means flourish. structures, and find more sustainable that making sparsely available land In the UK, WSP has carried out its construction materials. in urban areas more productive will own research into building above As a result, timber is now being be increasingly important. Exploiting railway tracks. It identified sufficient considered as having the potential previously underused space, for space associated with railway to break boundaries in tall building

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heights are being kept under wraps. it says it is making construction At the Below: Artists Engineers are also developing impression of cheaper, safer and less wasteful. hybrid towers – timber towers timber framed “At the moment most projects moment most with a concrete core. An 18 storey are designed bespoke, from scratch, tower for the building of this type has already and we don’t need that every time,” projects are designed City of London been built in Canada. The Brock says Laing O’Rourke partnership and bespoke, from scratch, Commons Tallwood House is a 53m innovation leader Adam Locke. tall residential tower designed by “Yes they [the buildings] need to and we don’t need structural engineer Fast & Epp for respond to the site and architectural the University of British Columbia in challenge and aspiration, and be “that every time Vancouver. fl exible, but also they don’t need to Although Smith is designing be started from scratch each time.” purely timber towers he says he has Ramboll special services director, construction. no issue with the pursuit of hybrid buildings Mark Pniewski agrees and Recent research by the University towers with the caveat that aspects of says this approach does not have to of Cambridge and consultant Smith the design such as differing amounts result in rows of identical buildings. & Wallwork has looked into the of movement between concrete and “I’m a big believer in the mass feasibility of building tall timber timber elements over time require customisation approach, he says. buildings delving deeper into creating careful consideration. “How do you combine mass market new designs, rather than simply But he says this can be overcome manufacturing with bespoke copying the forms of steel and and a concrete core can help with customisation, how do you reconcile concrete construction. egress in a fi re, which can still be the two extremes? In reality kids do The research on a theoretical a sticking point with all timber it all the time with a Lego set with a 300m tall tower highlighted areas of buildings. standard set of components. It’s just timber design where more research a question of how small you go with is needed before such tall structures TIME FOR OFFSITE your components.” can be built. Timber also lends itself well to the He says that at the moment, Perhaps the most obvious concern desire to build more offsite. This buildings are typically designed for potential residents of homes built vision is shared by contractor Laing from the outside in, but if designers’ primarily from timber is fi re risk. But, O’Rourke. mindsets are changed to look at the the research shows that the proposed In its design for manufacture and building blocks and how they can be building “would eventually meet or assembly factory, it is creating a assembled in different and creative exceed every existing fi re regulation standard “kit of parts” from which ways the building process will currently in place for steel and buildings can be made. Using the become more effi cient. concrete buildings”. latest manufacturing facilities and “That starting point from an Another area highlighted is that adopting lean automation processes assembly of elements is what delivers structural connections in timber buildings present more of a problem. This is because, as a building’s height increases, awkward three dimensional accumulations of forces at node points are more diffi cult to resolve in timber than in steel or concrete. But Smith & Wallwork director Simon Smith says new connection designs are being developed to overcome these issues and within three to fi ve years, he expects to see a 100m tall timber tower either on site or completed. To date the tallest completed, all timber tower is in Bergen, Norway. The 14 storey residential tower is 49m tall. It will soon be overtaken by the 18 storey, 80m tall mixed use Mjøstårnet tower under construction just north of Oslo by contractor Hent and timber subcontractor Moelven. The team at Smith & Wallwork is now looking at designing 30 to 35 storey timber towers for which the

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To fully realise the benefi ts of manufactured buildings a healthy, predictable pipeline “of projects becomes critical

the other benefi ts we’re trying to get which are cost, performance and programme certainty,” says Pniewski. “All of these things matter to clients, and if you can build them into your design, you’re more likely to deliver on the promises you’re making.” But Locke says to get to this point, project delivery mechanisms must change. To fully realise the benefi ts Modular Farmer says over the last 10 years, Constraints on current technology of manufactured buildings, he says construction attitudes towards “manufactured” are being overcome at a frighteningly a healthy, predictable pipeline of could be the buildings have shifted, and key quick pace he says. projects becomes critical. way forward for innovations, such as a greater digital Ultimately, buildings will become Supply chain partners must also future housing enabling of front end designs that digital platforms where they interact be engaged at an early stage of the align to the manufacturing supply and improve themselves and learn design to help defi ne to clients the chain is helping this. from other buildings in the city, he cost and time savings that could As an example Tekla has developed adds. Predictive maintenance, air be achieved by using a kit of parts software where detailed models can quality measurement, heating and approach, he says. be built, analysed and sent directly cooling, security, lighting, ventilation, As it stands, only traditional to a fabricator with the “middle man” water usage will all be able to be building methods are presented at process of shop drawing creation monitored and controlled using an early stage, and the new, more automated. sensors to improve the performance product-led approach is presented “Rather than bespoke architect-led of the building. too late to allow changes to be made. ‘outside in’ design, we see the advent To do this, a radical shift has “Procurement which supports of digital generative and intelligent to be made to retrofi t and build productivity effi ciency and innovation design programs that can be aligned technology into the concept and is a real challenge,” says Locke. “It’s to a spectrum of manufactured fabric of buildings. (See page 36 for not necessarily technical, but actually products and systems,” says Farmer. how Siemens has transformed its Swiss it’s the thing that will create the Global asset manager Legal & headquarters into a smart hub.) environment for everything else to General has taken the leap of faith in Within the build process, already fl ourish. offsite modular construction. the adoption of advanced forms “I think it is the mindset change Such is its belief in this type of of building information modelling, around a product-led methodology construction, it has invested in virtual reality and artifi cial rather than the way we do it today.” building Europe’s largest modular intelligence in construction is gaining In 2016, real estate and homes factory to “deliver desirable momentum. construction consultancy Cast homes through the industrialisation Digital twins for buildings and founding partner and chief executive of volume housing supply”. cities which mirror the physical Mark Farmer produced a report As methods become more honed, world will shape the potential for summarising the need for more offsite Farmer predicts that this type of new, interdisciplinary solutions to construction. construction will outperform more allow the development of for more The paper, Modernise or Die traditional methods of building and progressive and inclusive designs to presented a stark wake-up call to the a larger scale operation will let the be developed. industry and outlined the change in manufacturing genie out of the bottle As the old adage goes, the mindset needed across the industry. over the next few years. sky(line)’s the limit. N

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Future of Series Advert - 265mm h x 210mm w.indd 1 01/02/2019 16:44 GETTING SMARTER Soon all buildings could become autonomous, able to tell us when to change light bulbs or how to stock canteens while controlling their own heating and cooling systems. Margo Cole reports.

Future in the next two years. But 10 years ago, none of us could imagine of Buildings KEY FACTS autonomous cars; now we can all imagine how it’s going to look.” Pradzik thinks start-up businesses uildings are evolving into 90% and individuals are the key to “smart organisms”, which Amount of unlocking creative solutions to our not only monitor and time people energy problems. collect data about how Her hub is looking all over the their systems perform spend in world, in every sector, to find the right but automatically adjust buildings people, then providing them with them to make better use of resources. funding, mentoring and a platform B And, eventually these smart for “co-creation, collaboration and organisms will be linked into “smart 35% convergence”. cities”, with buildings automatically Amount an The hub works across various sharing and optimising energy. sectors, and has so far created a That is the view of Alina Prawdzik, average office €150M (£131M) portfolio by investing head of smart and connected at building is in so-called “disruptive” individuals, Innogy Innovation Hub, an offshoot start-ups and early stage businesses. of energy giant Innogy aimed at under-used The hub’s “Smart and Connected” finding – and funding – game-changing arm is looking for technologies technologies that will shape the specifically related to improving the energy system of the future. “We’re now at the stage where buildings can monitor lots of things, but we don’t allow the building to automate,” she explains. In order for the “We can all imagine autonomous cars. Now we believe that there building to be will be autonomous buildings – and eventually these will form groups that self-sufficient, you will become smart neighbourhoods or smart cities. The buildings will have to have a digital become our customers. twin, when all the data “It is a somewhat fantastic vision,” she admits. “It is not going to happen “ is in one place

34 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 The Edge in way buildings perform. Amsterdam was “We are interested in buildings Old buildings designed to be the because they consume 40% of energy; most sustainable they are the single biggest customer also have to office in the world of energy,” explains Prawdzik. adapt to be smart “If you have a smart building – one that is not only measuring things buildings but automating them – it will lead to better use of resources.” She describes how office buildings are typically run: with heating and “on their smartphone. cooling systems on at the same time, This enables them to find or with simple day/night settings parking spaces, free desks or other that mean heating is on at weekends colleagues, report issues to the even if the building is unoccupied. facilities team, or navigate within “It’s very simple and logical to realise the building. They can customise that finding another way to use the the temperature and light levels building will have a big impact on anywhere they choose to work in

heating, lighting and CO2.” the building via the app, which Enabling a building to manage itself also remembers how they like their means systems can be optimised coffee, and tracks their energy use so to suit the people using them, and they are aware of it. adjusted as circumstances change, The Edge is not fully autonomous says Prawdzik. – it still has a facilities manager – but “This is our hypothesis. But in order it does show what is possible with for the building to be self-sufficient, current technology. It is also a new you have to have a digital twin, when building, which was designed to all the data is in one place,” she says. work this way from the outset. “We invest in construction solutions “New buildings are a very small that have the digital twin component.” percentage of buildings, so old An example of the direction buildings also have to adapt to be Prawdzik describes is The Edge smart buildings,” says Prawdzik. “It’s in Amsterdam, home to financial not very difficult – you just need a consulting giant Deloitte. willingness to try to do it. This was designed to be the “Buildings have very long most sustainable office building in lifecycles – sometimes hundreds of the world. It uses 70% less electricity years – but the lease term is getting than comparable office buildings shorter and shorter,” she adds. thanks – in part – to physical “The inside design might not be systems such as the largest array of the design for the future, so they photovoltaic panels of any European have to be flexible.” office building and an aquifer thermal She compares a building shell to energy storage system that provides the body of a car: “If you think of all the energy required for heating and something like a Tesla, that is just cooling. the hardware for the software. So, But in addition to the technical the walls and windows of a building innovations, the building’s occupancy, are hardware for a flexible space, movement, lighting levels, humidity and technology can help here. and temperature are continuously Technology can make the building measured, and – using smart smarter and better used.” technology – the building systems Prawdzik says that on an average respond to maximise efficiency. weekday, office buildings are 35% Heating, cooling, fresh air and under-used. lighting are fully Internet of Things “Analysing how space is used integrated, so with zero occupancy and how we can better optimise the there is next-to-zero energy use. space through technology makes a By predicting occupancy at lot of sense.” lunchtime using real time historical While energy reduction is a data and traffic and weather big driver for seeking out these information the business can avoid technologies, another is the wellbeing wasting food in the staff canteen. of the building’s occupants. Similarly, data monitoring can “We spend 90% of our time in help building managers decide to buildings,” says Prawdzik. exclude unused rooms from cleaning “Imagine if you come to work fresh schedules, and can alert managers but leave even fresher; if walking when light bulbs need replacing. round the office felt as fresh as In addition, every employee is walking outside with proper light, connected to the building via an app and you’re getting some exercise.” N

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 35 ADDITIONAL INTELLIGENCE With “smart” buildings on the rise, Rob Horgan explores how Siemens’ recently inaugurated Swiss campus is evolving the design and construction of efficient offices.

Future maintain. campus will act as a reference project As chief executive of Siemens to illustrate the opportunities in KEY FACTS of Buildings building technologies division building technology, energy efficiency Matthias Rebellius explains, the Zug and future-oriented working. £200M campus shows how key developments He adds: “A smart building is ucked beside a 38km2 in building technology have the flexible, it learns from previous lake, overlooked by snow- Cost of new potential to transform office buildings interactions and it continually adapts dusted mountains, a grey Siemens HQ into highly efficient, data driven to the needs of building users, thus seven-storey office block machines that are focused on their actively contributing to their success.” is dragging the cobbled- inhabitants and their surroundings. But what makes this building street Swiss town of Zug “With our investments in research “smart” is the 12,000 connected into the 21st century. and development, we are using the data points spread throughout the TOn the face of it, Siemens’ new opportunities of digitalisation to campus. In total, 6,500 data points are headquarters – located 35km from steadily evolve into a smart building connected in the office building, with Zürich – looks unremarkable. company,” Rebellius says. “We offer a further 5,500 in the factory. But behind the building’s run-of- a full range of building technologies “These data points can tell us what the-mill façade, something extremely for fire detection, security and temperature a room is, if there is a “smart” is taking shape. automation solutions to optimise wiring fault or if there is a blockage A self-proclaimed pioneer in smart sustainability, total cost of ownership in the air conditioning,”says Siemens building technologies, Siemens is and the user experience in buildings.” Zug campus general manager testing many of its products on its “Smart buildings are based on Christoph Leitgeb. new SwFr250M (£200M) home. comprehensive analytics and use of “They also allow users to As well the seven storey office digital building data,” he adds. interact with the building, to set the building, the site includes a three Rebellius explains that the Zug temperature of their workplace and to storey factory building where adjust the lighting.” electronic building equipment like A software platform linked to each smoke detectors and sprinkler employee’s mobile phone allows them systems are manufactured. to locate their colleagues whereabouts From smart lighting to integrated Smart buildings in the office via an in-built GPS tracker. staff location systems, the aim of The tracker is only active while workers Siemens’ new “smart” headquarters are based are on campus and deactivates outside is threefold. working hours. The company wants to create on comprehensive Likewise, a series of apps allow a space that improves office analytics and use of users to book meeting rooms from workers’ experience while being their phones, as well as adjust the environmentally friendly and easier to digital building data lighting and temperature of any space

36 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 “ These data points can tell us what temperature a room is, if there is a “wiring fault or if there is a blockage in the air conditioning

monitor the building’s pipes, wires and ventilation systems simply by holding a tablet up to the floor, ceiling or wall of the physical building. Captured data is fed into, and updates, the BIM model in real time, helping to identify maintenance issues and alert staff to problems. The internal infrastructure is then colour coded, with faulty systems flagged in red on the AR feed. An additional benefit of being smart is being green. Leitgeb explains that the two go hand in hand. in the office with the touch The campus can area you are scheduled to be working Data sensors and smart technology of a button. be monitored in is cool and bright. installed in the fabric of the Zug Through machine learning, the in real time As well as improving user campus, allow the building to adjust building’s software then learns via its building experience, the data points have also its settings to be as energy efficient each worker’s preferences and information allowed for real-time monitoring and as possible. Various applications adjusts accordingly. Each worker’s modelling system updating of the campus’s building document, measure and adjust the preferences are then linked to their information modelling (BIM) system. building’s consumption of electricity, calendar, so that a meeting room As demonstrated by Leitgeb, the heating, air conditioning and water. is set to the optimal lighting and entire model has been artificially Optimal LED-lighting systems adjust temperature for those attending. For implemented on top of the physical depending on the amount of natural example, if you regularly turn the structure in the form of an artificial light entering the building. heating down and the lights up, the reality (AR) application. Air conditioning units automatically building will react to ensure that the This allows engineers to scan and adjust to temperature rises as well as to the number and location of people in the building. The building’s proximity to the town’s lake also SMARTENING UP THE PORTFOLIO allows water to be sourced for heating by using efficient heat pumps. The same lake water is then used for Siemens’ Zug campus is a framework for building scheduling meetings etcetera. cooling in the air conditioning units. showcase for its intelligent automation. Through its “Unlike in the past, today’s As well as using the lake water, the building technologies division, software, Siemens is able to buildings must satisfy a wide building has been designed to capture which is currently working on a operate, monitor and control range of criteria,” Siemens’ and use 1,500m3 of rain water each project across 50 countries. buildings; be it by integrating Zug campus general manager year. To become a “total building intelligent lighting systems or Christoph Leitgeb says. “Building And later this year, a photovoltaic solutions provider”, the firm enhancing fire safety checks. technology with its integrated system is set to be implemented on has been acquiring technology The acquisition of another firm, disciplines such as building the factory roof, while the site’s office companies. Enlighted, gave Siemens access automation, fire safety, security, building already boasts its own green Over the past 12 months, to a range of physical sensors and lighting, and low-voltage power roof. Siemens has snapped up three data points for office buildings. distribution is often indispensable On the face of it, Siemens’ Zug US start-ups, all focused And Comfy offered Siemens and forms the heart of a Total campus is nothing spectacular – and on providing smart building an app-based platform to Building Solution from Siemens. perhaps that is the point. Siemens technologies. connect users with the “The idea is to ensure flawless has not set out to redesign the office J2 Innovations provides building, control its lighting functionality and seamless block. What it has done is redesign Siemens with an open software and, temperature, as well as interfaces.” the way buildings interact with their inhabitants and environment. N

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 37 FLEXIBLE xxxxxx FORMULA Evolving healthcare and education priorities could dramatically overhaul future hospitals schools. Alexandra Wynne looks at what that means for building design.

Future of says. There, communicable diseases is understandable because it is a are of particular concern, so instead “very big machine to turn around”. Buildings KEY FACTS of building complex and single service Regardless, the engineering approach isolation wards, 100 regular single needs to be robust. inpatient rooms have been installed Instead of just “building buildings” igestible sensors 150% that “at the flick of a switch” can be because that constitutes “a total that allow diagnosis Capacity converted into negative pressure waste of money”, he says, the focus and treatments to be isolation rooms suitable for treating should be on what purpose the dispensed at home. boost at those with contagious infections. building serves. Hospital rooms Marlbrorough Yes there is an additional cost but “Get the services right in the first that recreate the in- School the client’s priorities warrant it and instance and then wrap the building patient’s lounge and GP surgeries that engineers must be armed with the around them,” she advises. Dcould be mistaken for yoga studios. resulting from tools to respond, she warns. “The technical [challenge] is in It all sounds a touch sci-fi, but these smart design In the UK, those that hold the purse saying ‘we know we’re building a are examples of seemingly radical strings need a little more persuading building that is not built for life changes to the way healthcare is and guiding toward establishing the but that will absolutely morph and administered that are actually based right priorities for healthcare facilities, change’,” she says and in most on today’s technology, according so baby steps are what is needed. hospitals a change of use probably to Suzanne MacCormick, associate The National Health Service (NHS) starts “the day you cut the ribbon”, director for healthcare advisory at is “behind the curve” in terms of she warns. consultant WSP. the global competition – notably Flexible space provision in practice “The technology is there, but from Sweden, Canada, the US and means building in adaptable steel actually getting it into the field is the Germany, says MacCormick. This structures, making the most of offsite hard thing,” she says. and modular construction and looking Understanding the needs of an at how hospital rooms are clustered ageing population with a changing together. lifestyle means that making headway The technology Altogether, design and construction in adopting new technologies and new must allow for internal changes, healthcare building design is vital. is there, but “much like a giant, robust Meccano One example of this principle being set”, suggests MacCormick. applied is in Hong Kong’s Kwong actually getting it This is likely to mean higher Wah hospital where the needs of the design costs up front, she points out, client are being addressed by multi- into the field is the but WSP has carried out work with functional clinical rooms, MacCormick hard thing quantity surveyors that suggests at

38 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 “ MARLBOROUGH SCHOOL

“The constrained space from the perimeter has been carefully and impressively worked at”

A fresh approach to public school is not only performing handled “with great care and building design is evolving over for the children but is a genuine total focus on the needs of the in the educational sector too provider of social amenities for staff and children”, they added. – and there can be few better the wider public. Externally the multi-level examples of this working than The design is remarkable and rooftop landscaping brings at a multi-award winning school has increased pupil capacity by nature into the heart of the city in central London. 150% across a larger two-form as well increasing exercise and entry school, a full-time nursery sport facilities. People may forget that one and an autism centre. A highly Beyond this, the use of the of the UK’s wealthiest local engaged headteacher helped the building beyond the working authorities is also one where project team to keep focused school day has established a urban density and social on placing the pupils’ interests lucrative funding stream for the infrastructure is critically at the heart of the £22M school – not least because the important. scheme, and the result has imaginative inclusion of a dance The Royal Borough of won accolades including Social studio is now in use as a local Kensington and Chelsea’s Infrastructure Project of the yoga studio and base for the Marlborough Primary School Year at the British Construction Chelsea Ballet School. was in desperate need of Industry Awards (BCIA), along attention. It was a compact, with two prestigious gongs from KEY PLAYERS overlooked Victorian school the Royal Institute of British suffering from awkward sized Architects. Architect/lead consultant classrooms, measly outside play BCIA judges said: “The Dixon Jones the first significant change made in a areas and a pressing need to constrained space from the Structural engineer more adaptable hospital building, the adapt to a wider range of pupils perimeter has been carefully and Waterman work has paid for itself in preventing – including a growing number of impressively worked at to create M&E consultant Arup loss of investment in a building that autistic children. imaginative, inclusive spaces Landscape architect has begun to lose its usefulness. After careful planning – and internally and externally.” Macgregor Smith The hope for is that further work to a vital funding boost – the new A generous budget was Main contractor Mace prove the cost efficiencies will start to encourage the Department of Health and Social Care to invest up front. But at the moment, the smaller scale services are where the case can be made more readily. MacCormick illustrates this with an example from East London where a congested local GP practice has succeeded in easing the burden by shifting 70% of its consultations onto the telephone. That, plus encouraging visits to surgeries that double up as wellbeing centres complete with educational and gym-style facilities – of which there is a trial in central Bedfordshire – means individuals should gradually become more proactive in treating and preventing illnesses associated with ageing, for example. Robot-delivered medical care may still be some decades away, MacCormick suggests, but the buildings that house day to day healthcare could quite easily begin to look dramatically different very soon. N

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 39 MUSCULARTech Excellence SUPPORT Iron Man-style vests which give workers superhero abilities may seem far-fetched, but cutting-edge wearable technology is coming to the construction industry to solve a very real problem. Katherine Smale reports.

ontractor Willmott “That’s the perception, everyone Dixon is trialling a It’s just a means says: ‘ah, you’re Iron Man, you can new exoskeleton vest. KEY FACTS start lifting more bricks’ and we’ve The fi rm hopes that of assistance got to try and manage that a bit,” this innovation will Townsend says. “Some of the early revolutionise how 51,000 to make the jobs safer feedback was that it’s just an excuse workers on site carry out their day- Number of and more productive to just try to get people to lift things Cto-day tasks and eliminate the injuries construction they shouldn’t be. and health problems which result. workers with “But we have to counteract that According to the Health & Safety musculo- are carried instead by the vest, which and say, ‘no, it’s the tasks that Executive, construction is second “transfers them via a rigid external they’re doing already and that the only to agriculture in terms of skeletal “spine” to a waist belt which in turn industry permits’. It’s just a means of industries with the highest rates disorders transfers the loads to the legs. assistance to make the jobs safer and of musculoskeletal disorders – In practice, when the wearer’s arms more productive.” conditions which affect the joints, are raised up to around shoulder The new innovation has been bones and muscles and back. height, a pair of highly compressed designed by Californian tech Of the 82,000 construction workers springs “kick in” so that the loads company EksoBionics, which started suffering from work-related ill health are taken by the vest, not the human out designing a full body skeleton in 2018, 62% or 51,000 of these had body. It requires no batteries or to help people who are paralysed to musculoskeletal problems. While power supply and different springs walk again. 1.2% of workers in other sectors can be screwed into a shoulder Sectors, such as car manufacturing, have musculo-skeletal disorders, the socket on the vest to adjust the are already using it in the United rate among construction workers is amount of support it provides. Up to States. But it has yet to take off in the almost double, at 2.3%. UK industries 6.8kg of assistance can be given to UK and that is where Willmott Dixon lose a total of 6.6M working days to each arm. “Simple done smartly” as comes in. this issue every year. Musculoskeletal Willmott Dixon design manager Chris The idea for using the vest came problems are not only bad for Townsend puts it. to Townsend while on holiday in the workers, they are bad for business. The vest is being developed to United States. News stories about the The vest being trialled by Willmott eliminate aches, pains and injuries vest’s launch caught his attention and Dixon works in a similar way to a caused by repetitive overhead tasks. he immediately saw the benefi ts it hiking rucksack. In concept, loads It is not, he stresses, to allow people could have. normally taken by a person’s arms to lift much heavier weights. Back in the UK, he raised the idea

40 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER MARCH 2019 1

in a Willmott Dixon Fit meeting, The vest contains factored in. But this, he says, will be It’s nice to think an internal focus group set up to springs which worth it if it means health and safety investigate new technologies across help construction on site improves and if productivity when it takes all industries to see if any could be workers with increases. applied to construction. repetitive lifting When Willmott Dixon bought o , we were one of Shortly afterwards, Willmott Dixon tasks. It is worn the vest, there were only two in set up the Eureka programme. This like a rucksack the country – the other was a the early adopters and is a platform for any employee to demonstration model for a tool hire suggest and submit business cases company. Since then, Townsend says helped shape its future for innovative ideas which they interest in the vest has risen rapidly. “ think could have a real benefi t in the Up until now, the Willmott Dixon construction industry. has trialled the vest at several of its around the world. Within three months, a business sites around Wales. Later this month The construction industry is case for the exoskeleton was it will be transferred to one of its a relatively new market for the submitted, approval was granted, housing development sites in Bristol technology. Because of this, results and the vest ordered and delivered. for a longer-term trial. from the trials being carried out by Townsend believes it is the attitude Plans are also underway to partner Willmott Dixon are being fed back to of Willmott Dixon which allowed the with a UK university to hone and EksoBionics to improve the concept team to invest in the new technology publish the data and feedback it and tailor it to workers’ needs. so quickly. The vest was the fi rst idea receives. Incorporating a tool belt into the to be approved. The vest is already being used waist strap is just one idea which has “We put the business case in early by car manufacturer Ford, where emerged. summer last year, it was approved, management described the job of Townsend says one thing is clear, the order placed in August, and it production line workers as akin to site workers all love using it. After arrived in September,” he says. “I lifting a watermelon over your head a short period of adjustment while think in terms of a procurement up to 4,600 times a day – something workers get used to the support it process that’s quite swift.” which will chime with the repetitive provides, no one wants to give it “They said ‘let’s do this and push nature of some of the jobs in the back, he says. forward’ and now it paves the way for construction industry. “We’ve had so much good feedback future ideas.” After a successful trial in the that it’s nice to think when it takes off, Each vest is priced at £5,500 or US, Ford is rolling the vest out to we were one of the early adopters and slightly more when import costs are 15 plants and seven countries helped shape its future,” he adds. N

MARCH 2019 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 41 UPCOMING EVENTS

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Repurposing disused gas and A new system which predicts oil pipes in the North Sea to track and signalling faults is transport large quantities of now being developed by carbon dioxide (CO2) to University of the West of storage sites could save £48bn England and Costain. The over the next 30 years, system, which uses thousands according to proposals from a of sensors and 3D modelling, carbon capture and storage will tap into big data and developer. Acorn CCS enable engineers to predict developer Pale Blue Dot Energy when a rail, signalling An Internet of Things remote structures to continuously claims that 650M.t of CO2 could equipment or other monitoring system could help monitor their health, gathering be transported through the infrastructure are likely to fail. local authorities meet bridge data on cracks, local pipes. It has highlighted two The university said augmented inspection requirements. The temperature and accelerations. disused oil and gas sites for reality would then be used via system has been developed by The sensors act as an early carbon capture and storage off a smartphone or a head technology inspection firm SGS warning system to enable asset the Scottish coast under the mounted display to locate with technology firm AIMsight. owners to schedule inspections North Sea. faults. It uses sensors attached to and maintenance work.

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 43 Alan Dawson BY TY BYRD

Alan Dawson 1935 -2019 Obituary

lan Dawson knew a culture which promoted initiative about magazine and (within his NCE editorial team design and produc- at least) a degree of calculated risk A tion, how to find a taking; the latter on the insistence printer, where to buy that advice from libel lawyers was paper and how to negotiate postal not only sought as required by the contracts. He was the perfect foil for company’s insurers but actually Sydney Lenssen, a civil engineer of acted upon. Whether the journalists high journalistic ambition. Both were liked it or not. working for Construction News in 1971 Dawson could be an emotional per- at a time the ICE was pondering the son but never lost his temper. Close launch of a magazine. former colleagues describe him as a The ICE was seeking to add value man of composure and dignity. to Institution membership with a He was demanding of colleagues lively, relevant and accessible publi- but also protective of them. TTL was cation, plus generate much needed and with NCE its primary asset, TTL not necessarily appreciated by all revenue through sale of advertising. contributed millions of pounds to Members and Fellows active within Dawson and Lenssen were appointed Institution coffers, largely funding the the Institution nor by all of the ICE’s production head and editor/publisher vastly expensive restoration of secretariat, all of the time. There respectively, charged with creating 1 Great George Street and the acquisi- were suspicions (particularly around New Civil Engineer, or NCE as it was tion of property in Docklands. NCE) that an anti-establishment bias known, and fulfilling these ambitions. Other significant magazines were prevailed; also a sense that the TTL This they did, beyond everyone’s launched including Offshore Engineer commercial tail could on occasion greatest expectations. and World Water. Following Lenssen’s wag the Institutional dog. NCE first appeared in May 1972 as a departure in 1979, Dawson main- Dawson became adept at smooth- monthly, soon moving to weekly pub- tained and expanded the editorial ing ruffled feathers and ensuring lication. It was a vibrant success from and advertising teams they had built senior staff members kept their jobs. the start, with outstanding – often together. Always strengthening his case was controversial – editorial and a market He provided encouragement and deep readership appreciation of TTL position that made it an enormous magazines’ high editorial standards generator of money. The magazine plus of course the company’s substan- became effectively the only place to tial financial contribution to its owner. advertise for civil engineers and the The ICE sold New Civil Engineer revenues rolled in. He provided to publisher Emap in 1995. Dawson During the late 1980s, up to subsequently left TTL for Housebuild- £180,000 a week was being earned via encouragement er Publications, to turn what was a recruitment advertising alone. modest enterprise into a fully fledged Dawson became managing director and a culture which business media company. of Thomas Telford Ltd (TTL) which promoted a degree of He is survived by his wife Wendy was established to be the ICE’s com- and their son, Will. mercial arm. Under his stewardship, “calculated risk l Alan Dawson died in January aged 84. 44 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

ICE LEARNING HUB White Paper: Reveals age split on use of New tool helps technology to address industry’s challenges engineers identify key training needs

ICE members can now self- assess their skillsets and identify areas for development with a new online tool. The Skills Analysis Tool can be accessed by ICE members on the ICE Learning Hub. It enables members to self-assess 29 work- based skills. Members can then access relevant learning content to improve areas of weakness. ICE director of engineering knowledge Nathan Baker said, “As part of the ICE’s ongoing commitment to members’ lifelong learning and continuous TECHNOLOGY professional development, we have launched the Skills Analysis Tool to help members Professionals split on role of to identify their own training needs and take control of their future career development. technology in tackling skills Our aim is to support a deeper understanding of civil engineering and the skills Infrastructure professionals professionals also said the industry are still encountering required for professional appear divided on the industry’s industry is reluctant to work barriers to change, risking practice.” ability to adapt to change and collaboratively, compared with the opportunity that the To help the ICE provide the role of technology, according 37% of senior professionals. fourth industrial revolution a platform that responds to to a new White Paper published Twenty seven per cent of represents. members’ needs and reflect by infrastructure technology respondents cited cost as “With this research, we’re the ways in which they want solutions provider Topcon one of the biggest barriers to inviting the industry to reflect to access learning material, Positioning GB and the ICE. the industry adopting new on the findings and help us users are encouraged to Researchers surveyed a technology, while 22% said that drive debate and action to give feedback on the Skills random group of 220 ICE company culture was the main support true transformation.” Analysis Tool and other members, and found that over barrier. The findings were debated at areas of the Learning Hub to half (58%) of junior respondents “It would seem that our two a joint ICE and Topcon lecture, [email protected]. believe that skills shortages biggest barriers – cost and chaired by ICE past President could be overcome by adopting culture – go hand in hand,” said Tim Broyd, in February. new technology. Dave Bennett, managing director The speakers, who included Only 23% of respondents in at Topcon Positioning GB. Jennifer Schooling, an ICE senior positions believed that “We must shift from the Fellow and director of the technology was a key solution. short-term thinking of project- Centre for Smart Infrastructure A fifth of all respondents said by-project profit and consider and Construction, shared their business is resistant to the wider benefits in terms of lessons from sectors that are change. But a higher percentage productivity and efficiency that leading the way in adopting new of junior professionals – 33% these investments will bring in technology and processes. – hold this belief, compared the long term.” l The full White Paper to just 9% of their senior ICE director of engineering is available at www. colleagues. knowledge Nathan Baker, topconpositioning.com/gb/ Learning hub: Helping with CPD Fifty six per cent of junior said: “Professionals across the tpgb-whitepaper-download.

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 45 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

EQUALITY First woman ICE member honoured ICE honours first woman member Dorothy Donaldson by naming room at Great George Street after her.

The first female member of the The renaming of the room ICE has been recognised for her is to coincide with the UN contribution to the profession International Day of Women by having a room at One Great and Girls in Science in February George Street named for her. which recognises the critical The former boardroom on the role of women and girls in ground floor of ICE headquarters science and technology Donaldson: Worked on has been renamed the Buchanan communities. Tyne Bridge design Room after Scottish engineer, ICE vice president Rachel Dorothy Donaldson Buchanan. Skinner welcomed the move celebrate the breadth of talent ICE. She is followed, of course, Buchanan became an ICE by the ICE to better recognise of all our members. While by thousands of women who member after passing the exam and celebrate the diversity of gender is just one part of this, are, qualified or aspiring ICE in 1927. One of her most notable key contributors to the ever- I am truly delighted that we members all around the world. achievements was helping evolving story of exceptional have chosen to commemorate “This recognition is just one to design the Tyne Bridge in civil engineering and civil the crucial milestone created way of showing that gender Newcastle, UK, which was engineers. by Dorothy when she applied does not need to inhibit known as the George V Bridge “As the home of engineering – and was accepted – as the anyone’s dreams and is a small, when it opened in 1928. it is our responsibility to first female member of the yet very real, example of the

PROFESSION COASTAL ENGINEERING ICE AWARDS PROFESSION Lecture celebrates Coastal Management Nominations for ICE ICE Knowledge Capability Brown conference tickets Awards invited ahead campaign to focus anniversary now on sale of April deadline on water in 2019

The ICE will host a special Booking has now opened for Nominations for this year’s ICE This year ICE Knowledge is lecture at One Great George ICE’s ninth Coastal Management Awards have opened. Awards will focusing its learning campaign on Street to celebrate the 300th conference, which takes place from be presented at One Great George water. The campaign aims to raise anniversary of the birth 24 to 26 September in La Rochelle, Street in October. The ICE’s Annual awareness of challenges facing of 18th century landscape France. ICE Coastal Management Awards recognise outstanding civil the water sector and to equip civil architect Capability Brown on 2019 includes presentations, engineering achievements and engineering professionals with 25 February. The lecture will debates, site visits and panel contributions to the profession the knowledge they need. The recognise Brown’s significant discussions developed by an and the Institution. Information ICE website now features a new contribution to civil engineering. international steering committee on the award categories and the comprehensive page dedicated He was responsible for over of government and industry nomination process can be found to water. It draws together 250 gardens, transforming them specialists. The conference will on the ICE website. Individuals knowledge resources and events with earthworks, drainage focus on new approaches to can nominate a person or project from across the ICE and from key schemes, earth dams, roads and coastal engineering that integrate they consider eligible for an industry partners. New content planting. He was responsible planning and “place-shaping” to award by visiting ice.org.uk/ will be continually added as the for innovative engineering encourage bold solutions to coastal careers-and-training/awards- page is updated. Find out more that survives today. For more change. For more information, visit competitions-and-scholarships. at www.ice.org.uk/water or join information, visit www.ice.org. www.ice.org.uk/events/ice-coastal- Deadline for submissions is the social media discussion using uk/landscape. management-2019. Friday 5 April. #icewatereng.

46 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019 MORE ICE NEWS GO TO NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/ICE

GOVERNANCE VIEW TAKE PART IN THE ICE GOVERNANCE REVIEW

We belong to an The golden thread linking Institution that has a noble purpose: to organisation, leadership foster and promote the art and science of civil and membership is good engineering. ICE’s efforts to break down Or, in the words governance barriers to having a stronger, David of our President, “to more inclusive and resilient Orr improve lives in our industry that is fit for the global society”. “ future.” To fulfil that purpose and stakeholders, discussions with the main ICE The decision to rename the and to serve society, boards and committees, consulting the Associated room resulted from a series of the Institution needs to be a well-led and effective Societies and reviewing the governance of panel discussions held as part organisation. comparator organisations. of the ICE Thinks programme. But it also relies on the engagement, enthusiasm In stage 2 the commission will consider the and professionalism of its members, which is why evidence gathered and look at the options for it is known as a global membership organisation. future governance of the ICE. The golden thread linking organisation, leadership And in stage 3 it will consult widely on PASS LISTS, BYLAW 15 and membership is good governance. the emerging options before finalising its Last year, a ballot of ICE members endorsed new recommendations to the Council and Trustee As New Civil Engineer is now governance arrangements. Board towards the end of 2019. published monthly, the names In parallel, a Special General Meeting passed The commission has a web page which is of candidates recently awarded a resolutions that expressed disappointment with signposted on the home page of the ICE website. professional qualification with ICE ICE’s handling of the ballot and called on the There you can see its terms of reference; will only be published online at ICE Council to formulate new proposals for ICE membership; minutes of commission meetings; www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/ governance following extensive and effective and papers submitted to the commission’s icenews. They will no longer be consultation of the membership. evidence sessions. There are also background published in the print edition. The Council, in implementing the new papers including summaries of ICE governance arrangements, therefore set up a presidential arrangements past and present; the governance of The pass lists will also be published commission into ICE governance. The then comparator organisations; and key principles of on ICE’s website, along with the President asked me to chair the commission, and trustee governance. names of all candidates applying I answered the call of an Institution that means so The commission welcomes ideas and for professionally qualified much to me. submissions on its task from ICE members, and the membership (Bylaw 15). Both The Commission is an advisory body; it includes web page gives the way to get in touch. can be viewed at www.ice.org.uk/ a range of ICE members as well as external people If the Institution is to serve society, and to bylaw15 under “newest qualified who, together, have strong experience of both promote the art and science of civil engineering, member”. Lists will remain on the governance and the Institution. its members and regulators must have the highest site for 28 days. To view lists on The Commission is in the first stage of its work, confidence in its governance arrangements. l the New Civil Engineer website, considering the key principles and issues for the David Orr is chair of the presidential commission visit www.newcivilengineer.com/ good governance of an Institution like the ICE. into ICE governance and was President of the latest/icenews This includes taking evidence from ICE members Institution in 2007-08.

MARCH 2019 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 47 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

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48 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | MARCH 2019

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Job title: Senior Highway Engineer Job title: Open Days Nationwide Job title: Civil Engineers & CAD Technicians Salary: Competitive Salary: Competitive Salary: Competitive Location: London Location: UK & Ireland Location: New Zealand Join a Highway team working on major infrastructure AECOM’s Roads, Rail, Bridges & Structures, Considering an overseas experience for a few years, schemes in the UK and internationally. You will need Transport Planning, Development Planning and Civil or even emigrating if you like the sound of a moderate to be experienced in UK (DMRB) Standards, capable Infrastructure divisions are actively looking to grow climate, amazing and varied landscapes, outdoor of producing detailed designs and managing and their UK and Ireland teams. They are putting on open pursuits, a family friendly country with a relaxed mentoring Engineers to develop their skills while days across the country giving you an opportunity to lifestyle, without compromising on career development? ensuring quality delivery and reports for Clients. meet with the hiring staff directly. Visit aecom.jobs Then New Zealand is for you! PDP currently have a and search ‘open day’ for more information. number of opportunities for intermediate and senior Civil Engineers and CAD Technicians.

Job title: Principal Dam/Reservoir Engineer Job title: Digital Construction Specialist Job title: Graduate Geotechnical Engineer Salary: £50,000-70,000 Salary: Competitive Salary: Negotiable Location: Ashford, Kent or Oslo, Norway Location: Kilsyth Location: Chester Our Dam Engineering Team specialises in the design, The ideal candidate will demonstrate strong An exciting opportunity has become available for an inspection and construction supervision of dams across understanding of digital construction processes and enthusiastic Graduate Geotechnical Engineer to join UK and Norway, as well as Africa and Asia, utilising tools as well as appreciation of the civil engineering a leading UK-based Environmental Consultancy, the latest technology to create innovative and contracting sector. Key qualities are enthusiasm in Chester. As a Graduate Geotechnical Engineer, effi cient solutions for our clients. Multiconsult offers to seek-out, evaluate and promote new technology, you will be joining an experienced team and you will opportunities within an expanding team, opportunity together with communication skills that can be expected to support a wide variety of projects for travel, a progressive working environment, and effectively infl uence the adoption of new ways across the UK, including the built environment fl exibility for a good work-life balance. of working. and infrastructure.

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Looking for your next career opportunity? Browse and apply online: newcivilengineercareers.com Careers CONTACT TJ THEIVENDRAN 020 3953 2217 [email protected]

UK Engineering Opportuniti es We are a growing specialist civil and structural engineering consultancy, with a strong traditi on of bringing our experti se to presti gious and technically-challenging projects around the world. We are proud to be part of the Ingérop Group, a French independent engineering fi rm acti ve in 70 countries, with more than 1,900 employees. Our London team is working on the design of major infrastructure schemes including Ports and Mariti me Bridges Hinkley Point Power Stati on, High Speed Rail, Eurotunnel UK Terminal, Al Zour Refi nery in Kuwait, Padma Bridge in Bangladesh, and Lebanon PPP Highway in Beirut. • We would like to hear from engineers at all levels across the following disciplines: • Highways & Drainage • Designer’s Site Engineers • Civil & Structural • M&E • Geotechnical Foundati on Design • 3D CAD / BIM Highways Tunnels • Reinforced Concrete Detailers • Engineering Project Managers • Applicati ons from Graduate Engineers to join our ICE accredited training scheme and trainees to join our Engineering and CAD apprenti ceship programme are also welcome. We want to hear from you if you would like to join a diverse, friendly and resourceful team and work on interesti ng and challenging design projects in the UK and internati onally. Rendel is based in a vibrant quarter of central London. Further details about these vacancies and how to apply can be found on our website. Geotechnical Rail Agency applicati ons will not be accepted. Rendel is an equal opportuniti es employer.

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