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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 415 148 SO 027 957 AUTHOR Greenberg, Hazel Sara, Ed.; Mahony, Liz, Ed. TITLE Spotlight on the Muslim Middle East Issues of Identity. A Student Reader [and] Teacher's Guide. INSTITUTION American Forum for Global Education, New York, NY. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. ISBN ISBN-0-944675-55-7; ISBN-0-944675-56-5 PUB DATE 1995-00-00 NOTE 175p. AVAILABLE FROM The American Forum for Global Education, 120 Wall Street, Suite 2600, New York, NY 10005, telephone: 212-742-8232. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Learner (051) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS African History; Arabs; Asian History; Foreign Countries; Global Education; *Islamic Culture; *Middle Eastern History; *Middle Eastern Studies; Non Western Civilization; *Primary Sources; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Social Studies; *World History IDENTIFIERS Middle East; Muslims ABSTRACT These books offer primary source readings focusing on issues of identity and personality in the Middle East. Individual sections of the books examine a particular issue in personality development through the perspectives of Islamic religion and cultural tradition. The issues of identity include: (1) "Religion"; (2) "Community"; (3) "Ethnicity"; (4) "Nationalism"; and (5)"Gender." Unique to the teacher's guide are three essays that provide additional background information: (1) "Thinking about Identity" (Lila Abu Lughod); (2) "Muhammad, the Qur'an and Muslim Identity" (Frank E. Peters); and (3)"Identity and the Literacy Context" (Mona N. Mikhail). Insights and strategies are offered in the teacher's guide to accompany the student readings. Appended materials in the teacher's guide include: a student worksheet on religion, eight teacher readings, and 26 references. The student reader contains maps of the Muslim world. (EH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Spotlight on TheMuslim Middle East Issues of Identity U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) V This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. CI Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. A Student Reader BEST COPY AVAILABLE Spotlight on TheMuslim Middle East Issues of Identity A Student Reader Edited by Hazel Sara Greenberg and Liz Mahony a publication of The American Forum for Global Education Funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Title VI Grant Spotlight on The Muslim Middle East:Issues of Identity A Student Reader (secondary school level) funded by the U.S. Department of Education, Title VI Grant ISBN#: 0-944675-55-7 Copyright CO 1995 The American Forum for Global Education All Rights Reserved. No part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrival system, without permission from the publisher. The contents of this publication may, however, be reproduced if they are intended solely for non-profit, educational use, except in cases where such reproduction may infringe upon entries protected under their own copyrights. All entries from other sources are so indicated. The American Forum for Global Education wishes to acknowledge all publishers and authors for granting permission to reprint materials in Spotlight on the Muslim Middle East: Issues of Identity. In accordance with copyright law, all reprinted materials have been transcribed accurately and credit to sources are given. Every attempt has been made to obtain permission to reprint enclosed materials. Copyright holders of materials enclosed, that are not in the public domain and are not otherwise noted, are invited to contact The American Forum for Global Education. The American Forum for Global Education is a private non-profit organization founded in 1970. Its mission is to promote the education of our nation's youth for responsible citizenship in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. The programs of The American Forum foster a global perspective that include democratic and humane values, appreciation of cultural differences and commonalities, commitment to sustainable development, and the ability to think creatively, analytically and systemically about global issues. The American Forum for Global Education, 120 Wall Street, Suite 2600, New York, New York, 10005 212-742-8232; Fax: 212-742-8752; e-mail: [email protected]. 4 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Table of Contents Map 1: Religious groups 4 Map 2: Percentage of Muslim population 5 Map 3: Approximate urban population in 1988 6 Issues of Identity: Religion Muhammad and the Beginnings of Islam 7 Readings from the Qur'an 8 Qur'an as Spoken Word: An Islamic Contribution to the Understanding of Scripture 12 Judaism, Christianity and Islam - The Classical Texts and Their Interpretation 13 Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East 14 Family Law The Rights and Obligations of Modern Muslim Women 15 The Population Question Revisited 17 The Pillars of Islam 18 Shi' ism 20 Issues of Identity: Community Istanbul Boy 24 The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran 26 An Iranian Village Boyhood 28 A Bedouin Boyhood 29 Lives in an Iranian Village: The Women of Deh Koh 31 Friday Prayers to Video Nights 35 Om Gad: Wife of the Garagekeeper 36 Take My Picture! Wedding Videos and Invisible Brides 39 Memoirs of a Street Tough: Yusuf Abu Haggag 40 Naguib Mahfouz Remembers 44 Issues of Identity: Ethnicity Kurdish Poetry: The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 45 The Kurds in Iraq, Iran and Turkey: Three Kurdish Perspectives 45 The Minorities Question in Iran 47 The Last Arab Jews: The Communities of Jerba, Tunisia 49 The Story of Bugach Khan, Son of Dirse Khan 51 Struggle and Survival in the Modern Middle East 55 Issues of Identity: Nationalism The Egyptian National Anthem 61 Palace Walk 62 Dramatic Reversals: Political Islam and Egyptian Television 65 Poetry and Nationalism 67 Palestine's Children 69 Halide Edib Adivar: Turkish Nationalist 71 Arab Nationalism: An Anthology 72 Issues of Identity: Gender Doing Daily Battle: Interviews with Moroccan Women 73 Portraits of Turkish Women 75 Bedouin Women 77 Watching the World from Sarah's Loom 80 Ramza 82 Weavers of the Songs: The Oral Poetry of Arab Women in Isreal and the West Bank 85 Maghribine Folktales 87 Pragmatic Morality: Islam and Family Planning in Morocco 88 Political Ideology and Women's Economic Participation in Egypt 92 Masculine Ideology or Femine Mystique?: A Study of Writings on Arab Women 94 Map 1: Religious Groups Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea TURKEYf' 10% MOROCCO TUNISIA r==,ggia2%LEBANONISRAEL SYRIAMAO 1.5131A4NA ALGERIA J DAN KUWAIT / f WESTERNSAHARA ci LIBYA SAUDI ARABIA U.QATAR A. E4: MAURITANIA LEBANON25% SYRIA Red Religious groups ISRAEL BANKWEST usa SUDAN Sea YEMEN Arabian Sea JewishShiiteSunni Muslim STRIPGAZA DJIBOUTISOMALIA Fla presencecommunities)withPercent substantial On of Christiancountries Christian EGYPT JORDAN 0 500 miles 0 50 miles Syracuse University Cartographic Lab BEST COPY AVAILABLE 4 Map 2:Percentage of Muslim Population ( Bosnia & HerzegovinaMacedoniac.VU R KcE4tAZERBAIJANTURKMENISTANUZBEKISTANTAJIKISTANKYRGYZSTAN A. - MOROCCu TUNISIA LEBANON:>sighb'AtkA - s ZAFGHANISTAN WESTERN%SAHARA , )s BYA:' rcykr\\"swmft.' BaRAIN:C1ATAR.-, PAKISTAN SENEGAL.MAURITANIA- ' 'RAO NIGER CHAD ERITREA;SUPDARARAlyEMEN OMAN BANGLADESH SIERRAGUINEASGAMBIAr.BISSAU LEONE LIBEFIIAGUINEAIVORYBURKINAGHANAFASO NIGERIA SUDAN.cr ETHIOPIA'DJIBOUTISOMALIA I N D O N Syracuse University CartographicBEST Lab COPY AVAILABLE C Map 3: Approximate Urban Population in 1988 Mashhad er Tehran F=7_77. AN KUW EsfahanShirazIRAN EGYPTAswan0 MakkahRiyadh (Mecca) U.ATAR A. E Khartoum / RedSea SAUDI ARABIAYEMEN OMAN Approximate urban population in 1988 SUDAN -IV:=PF, %/DJIBOUTI = Sana Arabian Sea 10 cultivationAreas of rural SOMALIA BEST COPY AVAILABLE MogadishuSyracuse University Cartographic Lab This was the Mecca into which Muhammad was An Issue of Identity born, a place where religion and commerce were closely tied together in the annual fairs and pilgrimages that occurred Religion yearly in and around Mecca. There was money to be made there, but Muhammad did not have much of an opportunity to join in the commerce of the enterprising Meccans since he was orphaned while still a young boy, and in a town and a society Muhammad and the Beginnings of Islam where connections meant everything, he was raised first by his grandfather and then by his uncle. (Frank.E. Peters, Department of Near Eastern Studies, Languages and Literatures, New York University, 1995. Reprinted by permission.) Muhammad's fortunes appear to have changed when he married Khadija, a woman of some means in the society, and he began to play a part in her commercial ventures. This Islam is an Arabic word meaning "submission," and, more is almost all we know of Muhammad until, as a mature adult, particularly, "submission to God." So a muslimanother he had a most unusual experience while alone in prayer on a form of the same wordis "someone who has submitted to mountain near Mecca. The accounts of this event are God." Who is this God who is being "submitted
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