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Mysql Reference Manual

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Mysql Reference Manual MySQL Reference Manual Copyright c 1997-2001 MySQL AB i Table of Contents 1 General Information About MySQL......... 1 1.1 About This Manual ..................................... 2 1.1.1 Conventions Used in This Manual................ 2 1.2 What Is MySQL ........................................ 3 1.2.1 History of MySQL .............................. 5 1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL ................... 5 1.2.3 How Stable Is MySQL? ......................... 7 1.2.4 How Big Can MySQL Tables Be? ................ 8 1.2.5 Year 2000 Compliance .......................... 9 1.3 What Is MySQL AB ................................... 11 1.3.1 The Business Model and Services of MySQL AB.. 12 1.3.1.1 Support .............................. 12 1.3.1.2 Training and Certification ............. 12 1.3.1.3 Consulting ........................... 13 1.3.1.4 Commercial Licenses .................. 13 1.3.1.5 Partnering............................ 13 1.3.1.6 Advertising ........................... 14 1.3.2 Contact Information ........................... 14 1.4 MySQL Support and Licensing .......................... 15 1.4.1 Support Offered by MySQL AB................. 15 1.4.2 Copyrights and Licenses Used by MySQL........ 16 1.4.3 MySQL Server Licenses ........................ 17 1.4.3.1 Using the MySQL Server Under a Commercial License ....................... 17 1.4.3.2 Using the MySQL Server for Free Under GPL ..................................... 18 1.4.4 MySQL AB Logos and Trademarks ............. 18 1.4.4.1 The Original MySQL Logo............. 19 1.4.4.2 MySQL Logos that may be Used Without Written Permission ....................... 19 1.4.4.3 When do you need a Written Permission to use MySQL Logos? ....................... 19 1.4.4.4 MySQL AB Partnership Logos ......... 20 1.4.4.5 Using the word MySQL in Printed Text or Presentations ............................. 20 1.4.4.6 Using the word MySQL in Company and Product Names ........................... 20 1.5 MySQL 4.0 In A Nutshell ............................... 20 1.5.1 Stepwise Rollout............................... 20 1.5.2 Ready for Immediate Development Use .......... 21 1.5.3 Embedded MySQL ............................ 21 1.5.4 Other Features Available From MySQL 4.0.0 .... 21 1.5.5 Future MySQL 4.0 Features .................... 22 ii 1.5.6 MySQL 4.1, The Following Development Release ................................................ 22 1.6 MySQL Information Sources ............................ 23 1.6.1 MySQL Portals................................ 23 1.6.2 MySQL Mailing Lists .......................... 23 1.6.2.1 The MySQL Mailing Lists ............. 23 1.6.2.2 Asking Questions or Reporting Bugs.... 26 1.6.2.3 How to Report Bugs or Problems ...... 26 1.6.2.4 Guidelines for Answering Questions on the Mailing List .............................. 30 1.7 How Standards-compatible Is MySQL?................... 31 1.7.1 What Standards Does MySQL Follow? .......... 31 1.7.2 Running MySQL in ANSI Mode ................ 32 1.7.3 MySQL Extensions to ANSI SQL92 ............. 32 1.7.4 MySQL Differences Compared to ANSI SQL92... 34 1.7.4.1 Sub-SELECTs .......................... 35 1.7.4.2 SELECT INTO TABLE ................... 35 1.7.4.3 Transactions and Atomic Operations ... 36 1.7.4.4 Stored Procedures and Triggers ........ 38 1.7.4.5 Foreign Keys ......................... 38 1.7.4.6 Views ................................ 39 1.7.4.7 `--' as the Start of a Comment......... 40 1.7.5 Known Errors and Design Deficiencies in MySQL ................................................ 40 1.8 MySQL and The Future (The TODO) ................... 43 1.8.1 Things That Should be in 4.0................... 44 1.8.2 Things That Must be Done in the Real Near Future ................................................ 45 1.8.3 Things That Have to be Done Sometime ........ 48 1.8.4 Things we don't Have any Plans to do .......... 50 2 MySQL Installation ....................... 51 2.1 Quick Standard Installation of MySQL................... 51 2.1.1 Installing MySQL on Linux..................... 51 2.1.2 Installing MySQL on Windows ................. 52 2.1.2.1 Installing the Binaries ................. 53 2.1.2.2 Preparing the Windows MySQL Environment ............................. 53 2.1.2.3 Starting the Server for the First Time .. 54 2.2 General Installation Issues .............................. 55 2.2.1 How to Get MySQL ........................... 55 2.2.2 Operating Systems Supported by MySQL ....... 58 2.2.3 Which MySQL Version to Use .................. 60 2.2.4 Installation Layouts............................ 62 2.2.5 How and When Updates Are Released........... 63 2.2.6 MySQL Binaries Compiled by MySQL AB....... 64 2.2.7 Installing a MySQL Binary Distribution ......... 65 2.3 Installing a MySQL Source Distribution.................. 68 iii 2.3.1 Quick Installation Overview .................... 69 2.3.2 Applying Patches .............................. 71 2.3.3 Typical configure Options .................... 71 2.3.4 Installing from the Development Source Tree..... 74 2.3.5 Problems Compiling? .......................... 75 2.3.6 MIT-pthreads Notes ........................... 77 2.3.7 Windows Source Distribution ................... 78 2.4 Post-installation Setup and Testing ...................... 79 2.4.1 Problems Running mysql_install_db .......... 82 2.4.2 Problems Starting the MySQL Server ........... 84 2.4.3 Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically .... 86 2.5 Upgrading/Downgrading MySQL ........................ 87 2.5.1 Upgrading From Version 3.23 to Version 4.0 ..... 88 2.5.2 Upgrading From Version 3.22 to Version 3.23 .... 88 2.5.3 Upgrading from Version 3.21 to Version 3.22 ..... 90 2.5.4 Upgrading from Version 3.20 to Version 3.21 ..... 90 2.5.5 Upgrading to Another Architecture ............. 91 2.6 Operating System Specific Notes ........................ 92 2.6.1 Linux Notes (All Linux Versions) ............... 92 2.6.1.1 Linux Notes for Binary Distributions ... 96 2.6.1.2 Linux x86 Notes ...................... 97 2.6.1.3 Linux SPARC Notes .................. 98 2.6.1.4 Linux Alpha Notes .................... 98 2.6.1.5 Linux PowerPC Notes ................. 98 2.6.1.6 Linux MIPS Notes .................... 99 2.6.1.7 Linux IA64 Notes ..................... 99 2.6.2 Windows Notes................................ 99 2.6.2.1 Starting MySQL on Windows 95 or Windows 98 .............................. 99 2.6.2.2 Starting MySQL on Windows NT or Windows 2000 ........................... 100 2.6.2.3 Running MySQL on Windows......... 101 2.6.2.4 Connecting to a Remote MySQL from Windows with SSH ...................... 102 2.6.2.5 Splitting Data Across Different Disks on Windows ................................ 103 2.6.2.6 Compiling MySQL Clients on Windows ........................................ 103 2.6.2.7 MySQL-Windows Compared to Unix MySQL ................................. 103 2.6.3 Solaris Notes ................................. 106 2.6.3.1 Solaris 2.7/2.8 Notes ................. 108 2.6.3.2 Solaris x86 Notes .................... 109 2.6.4 BSD Notes ................................... 109 2.6.4.1 FreeBSD Notes ...................... 109 2.6.4.2 NetBSD notes ....................... 110 2.6.4.3 OpenBSD Notes ..................... 111 2.6.4.4 OpenBSD 2.5 Notes .................. 111 iv 2.6.4.5 OpenBSD 2.8 Notes .................. 111 2.6.4.6 BSD/OS Notes ...................... 111 2.6.4.7 BSD/OS Version 2.x Notes ........... 111 2.6.4.8 BSD/OS Version 3.x Notes ........... 112 2.6.4.9 BSD/OS Version 4.x Notes ........... 112 2.6.5 Mac OS X Notes ............................. 112 2.6.5.1 Mac OS X Public Beta ............... 113 2.6.5.2 Mac OS X Server .................... 113 2.6.6 Other Unix Notes ............................ 113 2.6.6.1 HP-UX Notes for Binary Distributions ........................................ 113 2.6.6.2 HP-UX Version 10.20 Notes........... 114 2.6.6.3 HP-UX Version 11.x Notes............ 114 2.6.6.4 IBM-AIX notes ...................... 116 2.6.6.5 SunOS 4 Notes ...................... 117 2.6.6.6 Alpha-DEC-UNIX Notes (Tru64)...... 118 2.6.6.7 Alpha-DEC-OSF1 Notes.............. 119 2.6.6.8 SGI Irix Notes ....................... 120 2.6.6.9 SCO Notes .......................... 121 2.6.6.10 SCO Unixware Version 7.0 Notes..... 123 2.6.7 OS/2 Notes .................................. 123 2.6.8 BeOS Notes .................................. 124 2.6.9 Novell Netware Notes ......................... 124 2.7 Perl Installation Comments ............................ 124 2.7.1 Installing Perl on Unix ........................ 124 2.7.2 Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows ........ 125 2.7.3 Installing the MySQL Perl Distribution on Windows ............................................... 126 2.7.4 Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface ..... 126 3 Introduction to MySQL: A MySQL Tutorial ....................................... 128 3.1 Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server ........ 128 3.2 Entering Queries ...................................... 129 3.3 Creating and Using a Database......................... 132 3.3.1 Creating and Selecting a Database ............. 133 3.3.2 Creating a Table ............................. 134 3.3.3 Loading Data into a Table .................... 135 3.3.4 Retrieving Information from a Table ........... 136 3.3.4.1 Selecting All Data ................... 136 3.3.4.2 Selecting Particular Rows............. 137 3.3.4.3 Selecting Particular Columns ......... 138 3.3.4.4 Sorting Rows ........................ 139 3.3.4.5 Date Calculations .................... 141 3.3.4.6 Working with NULL Values
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