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Water Strategy for the Republic of Macedonia

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Water Strategy for the Republic of Macedonia Water Strategy for the Republic of Macedonia DRAFT FINAL VERSION 2010 Government of the Republic of Macedonia Government of the Republic of Slovenia Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Republic of Macedonia Government of the Republic of Slovenia Government of the Republic of Slovenia Title: Water Strategy for the Republic of Macedonia Water strategy for the Republic of Macedonia / DRAFT VERSION I Contracting Authority: Government of the Republic of Macedonia, Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, Republic of Macedonia Reference / Project No.: 52 – 1411 – 00 - 2009 Executing companies: Lead Partner: Hidroinženiring d.o.o. Ljubljana Slovenčeva 95 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia Partner: RIKO d.o.o. Ljubljana Bizjanova 2 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia Hidroinženiring d.o.o. General Manager: Boris Savnik Water strategy for the Republic of Macedonia / DRAFT VERSION II LIST OF TEAM MEMBERS PROJECT TEAM Jernej Novak, B.Sc.Civ.Eng Project leader Neža Kodre, B.Sc.Civ.Eng, M.Sc.Civ.Eng Surface water expert Sergeja Terpin Savnik, B.Sc.Civ.Eng Surface water expert Petra Repnik Mah, B.Sc.Civ.Eng Surface water expert Sonja Šiško Novak, B.Sc.Civ.Eng, Groundwater expert M.Sc.Civ.Eng Danilo Dolinar, B.Sc.Mechan.Eng. Waste water expert Goran Pipuš, B.Sc Chem.Eng, PhD Chem.Eng Waste water expert Natalija Kegl Pivec, B.Sc.Chem EIA expert and project coordinator Andrej Ivanc, B.Sc in Mechanical Eng., MBA, Economist M.Sc (Management and Organisation) Janez Dodič, B.Sc.Econ. Economist Polona Eržen, Bachelor of law, M.Sc. in Jurist political science Zoran Panovski, B.Sc.El.Eng., M.Sc Electrical Power Systems MACEDONIAN PARTNERS Cvetanka Popovska, PhD Civ Eng Water expert Stanislava Dodeva, PhD Civ Eng Waste waster expert Blazo Boev, PhD Expert Zlatko Ilijovski, B.Sc Groundwater expert Elenka Stojanova Jurist Water strategy for the Republic of Macedonia / DRAFT VERSION III TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................ XII KEY TERMS RELATED TO WATER MANAGEMENT ........................ XIII 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 2. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................... 2 2.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................. 2 2.1.1 EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................ 2 2.1.2 MACEDONIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................... 16 2.1.3 COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN EUROPEAN AND MACEDONIAN LEGISLATION AND CAPABILITY OF REALIZATION OF WATER MANAGEMENT LEGISLATION OF EU ........ 26 2.2 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE IN WATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDIONIA .................................................................................................. 27 3. SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER STATE ............................ 29 3.1 GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RIVER BASINS ........................................ 29 3.1.1 WATER MANAGEMENT DIVISIONS ....................................................... 31 3.1.2 GENERAL REVIEW OF SURFACE WATERS .............................................. 35 3.1.3 GENERAL REVIEW OF GROUNDWATERS ............................................... 39 3.1.4 SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER BALANCE ............................................. 47 3.1.5 SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY .............................................. 49 3.1.6 PROTECTED AND OTHER AREAS OF IMPORTANCE RELATED TO WATER ..... 62 3.2 WATER USE ........................................................................................... 65 3.2.1 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ................................................................. 66 3.2.2 WASTE WATER TREATMENT ............................................................... 67 3.2.3 INDUSTRY WATER USE AND WATER USED FOR PRODUCTION PURPOSES .. 68 3.2.4 AGRICULTURE WATER USE ................................................................ 70 3.2.5 WATER USE FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION ............................................... 70 3.2.6 NAVIGATION WATER USE .................................................................. 72 3.2.7 FISH-FARMING WATER USE AND FISHING ............................................ 72 3.2.8 TOURISM AND RECREATION WATER USE ............................................. 73 3.2.9 GEOTHERMAL AND MINERAL WATER USE ............................................. 74 3.2.10 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF WATER USE .................................................. 75 3.3 RIVER TRAINING AND PROTECTION AGAINST HARMFUL EFFECTS OF WATER ... 81 3.3.1 RIVER TRAINING .............................................................................. 81 3.3.2 FLOOD PROTECTION ......................................................................... 83 3.3.3 EROSION PROTECTION ..................................................................... 87 3.3.4 IRRIGATION .................................................................................... 91 3.3.5 SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE .............................................................. 92 3.4 IMPACT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON THE STATUS OF SURFACE AND GROUNDWATERS 93 3.4.1 POINT AND DIFFUSE SOURCE POLLUTION ............................................ 94 3.4.2 PRESSURES RELATED TO BIOLOGICAL ISSUES – INTRODUCED AND INVASIVE SPECIES ..................................................................................... 112 3.4.3 WATER ABSTRACTION, FLOW REGULATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATION .............................................................................................. 113 Water strategy for the Republic of Macedonia / DRAFT VERSION IV 4. WATER MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES ......................................... 116 4.1 PROTECTION AGAINST FLOODS AND OTHER HARMFUL EFFECTS OF WATER ... 117 4.1.1 RIVER TRAINING ............................................................................ 117 4.1.2 FLOOD PROTECTION ....................................................................... 118 4.1.3 EROSION PROTECTION ................................................................... 120 4.1.4 IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ............................................................ 120 4.2 WATER USE ......................................................................................... 121 4.2.1 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ............................................................... 121 4.2.2 WASTE WATER TREATMENT ............................................................. 122 4.2.3 INDUSTRY ..................................................................................... 123 4.2.4 AGRICULTURE ............................................................................... 123 4.2.5 ENERGY PRODUCTION .................................................................... 123 4.2.6 NAVIGATION ................................................................................. 124 4.2.7 FISH FARMING ............................................................................... 124 4.2.8 TOURISM AND RECREATION WATER USE ........................................... 125 4.2.9 GEOTHEMAL AND MINERAL WATER USE ............................................. 125 4.3 WATER PROTECTION ............................................................................. 125 4.3.1 POINT SOURCE POLLUTION ............................................................. 128 4.3.2 DIFFUSE SOURCE POLLUTION .......................................................... 130 4.3.3 SPATIAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .................... 131 4.3.4 INTRODUCED AND INVASIVE SPECIES ............................................... 132 4.3.5 CLIMATE CHANGE .......................................................................... 132 4.4 PROTECTED AND OTHER AREAS OF IMPORTANCE RELATED TO WATER .......... 132 4.4.1 NATURAL SITES OF IMPORTANCE, INCLUDING THE NATURA 2000 .......... 133 4.4.2 BATHING WATERS .......................................................................... 133 4.4.3 DRINKING WATER PROTECTED AREAS ............................................... 133 4.4.4 EUTROPHICATION SENSITIVE AREAS DUE TO THE DISCHARGE OF URBAN WASTE WATER AND NITRATE SENSITIVE AREAS ............................................. 134 4.5 PROFESSIONAL AND OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF WATER MANAGEMENT .. 134 4.5.1 PLANNING ..................................................................................... 135 4.5.2 IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................... 135 4.5.3 SYSTEMATIC MONITORING AND SUPERVISION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MEASURES .......................................................................................... 136 4.5.4 TECHNICAL EXPERT SUPPORT .......................................................... 136 4.5.5 INFORMATION SYSTEM ................................................................... 137 5. PROGRAMME OF ACTIVITIES AND MEASURES ........................... 138 5.1 PROTECTION AGAINST FLOODS AND OTHER HARMFUL EFFECTS OF WATER ... 138 5.2 WATER USE ......................................................................................... 141 5.3 WATER PROTECTION ............................................................................. 145 5.4 PROTECTED AND OTHER AREAS OF IMPORTANCE RELATED TO WATER .......... 151 5.5 PROFESSIONAL AND OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF WATER MANAGEMENT .. 152 5.6 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND EU ACCESSION PROCESS ................... 155 5.7 FRAMEWORK AND INSTRUMENTS ........................................................... 155 5.8 ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ....................................................................
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