ARTICLE

SURREALISM IS A THING RUBRICS AND OBJECTIVATION IN THE SURREALIST PERIODICAL, 1924–2015 Catherine hansen

What Will Be is the title of a 2014 anthology compiled by members of a 21st-century international network of Surrealist groups, announcing the continuing ambitions of a movement that fi rst began amid the sleeping fi ts and Dada-inspired provocations of the early 1920s. The anthology includes a special feature on the publishing activities of the various groups, which frequently coordinate their efforts across group and national boundaries—operating as a kind of dispersed organism whose vital functions have never seen fi t to cease, even as Surrealism has come to be considered a historical and concluded phenomenon. There is particular emphasis on the Surrealist attitude, in general, toward publishing, publicization, circulation, the digital revolution, and the rise of on-demand printing. Contributors, for example, speak- ing on behalf of the Montreal- and Miami-based Surrealist publisher Editions Sonámbula, state: “any attempt aiming to expand the fi eld of the real and of the poetic has necessarily to refl ect on the means of communication to use.”1 Surrealism has always claimed to extend the domain of what is

1 “The Utility of Surrealist Editions and of the Surrealist Gallery: An Inquiry,” in Ce qui sera/What Will Be/Lo que serà: Almanac of the International Surrealist Movement, “hors- série” number of Brumes Blondes, ed. Her de Vries and Laurens Vancrevel (Amsterdam: Brumes Blondes, 2014), 438–39. The translation here is my own, as are all subsequent translations not otherwise attributed.

62 © 2016 ARTMargins and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology doi:10.1162/ARTM_a_00158

Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 subscriptions and by its members, who are also solely responsible who for also members, its are by and subscriptions limited by entirely funded are group’s the out that points serials realist Sur wording—one have approved would of this efforts tionalizing interna his Breton with movement”—André Surrealist group of the Paris “the itself calls pointedly that entity for the so. Speaking tantly act. collective and public to the page printed the link also present—but and past, there, groups—here, Surrealist of projects disparate the not link only periodicals of Surrealist rubrics serial the of objectivation, way, instruments this as In mirrors. facing of agame in as productions, upon fashion further recalibrated tinually con in itself imposes thus which rubric, of the requirements and ing the mean and modify fulfill both can contribution new Each dialogue. in constantly are rubrics and texts of submissions contributors, and ties activi future the but to organize exist already that texts to reframe only not serve can rubric the because And undertaken. have been otherwise not might that kind of the others forth call and realities as consistency thicker a ablespace gain and/or this into to fit made experiments and acts, Texts, or documents. of texts kinds to certain rise give ences that experi and acts the solicit and classify world, sincethey the in also are they but the page, are Thesespaces on fit. texts but spaceswhich into surréaliste Révolution La magazine Surrealist early of the or “dreams” divisions surréalistes” “textes the with as titled, formally are or not they periodicals—whether in Rubrics real. vation of objecti apoetics as element of Surrealism acrucial contributors—is from solicited are images and more texts of of which such name the in and appears, or image of text kind acertain which under or category rubric The rubric. the periodical, of the aspect one particularly question—and this say in acentral has broad delta, of its channels newest to the beginnings from its and incarnations, Surrealism’s across various itself, periodical the here that is I argue But what question. open of an something itself, is, that apublic with and other each collaborate with and groups communicate Surrealist present-day which through anthologies blogs, and re-editions, and editions limited the as well as digital, and printed both ­magazines, and periodicals many so across remain They question. open tively produc and aperennially have been purpose employedto be for this of communication means the and real, as experienceable and accepted Surrealist publishing today is a modest endeavor, a modest is mili today often and publishing Surrealist , which is defined precisely as an expansion of the domain of the of the domain of expansion an as precisely defined is , which —are not themselves texts, texts, not themselves —are —defined as a heading as a heading —defined ­ ------63 hansen | surrealism is a thing Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021

64 artmargins 5:3 to be called Surrealists, as this would harm their reputation.” their harm would this as Surrealists, called to be [are] reluctant poets and painters promising “most young Netherlands, the home in base at at least their that explaining network, Surrealist half-occulted fugitive, a within andfor specifically of publishing ity necess- the feel also itself, anthology Be Will responsible What for the Blondes Brumes review Surrealist long-standing of the editors The two. or up aposter putting by chance of tempting short up forto make this, vocation” “messianic any it feel does neither present materiality—and on a insisting past of the aghost as rendered inaudible”—perceived and “inadmissible as efforts its group sees Paris The constellation. this engage that projects but to initiate abookshelf, stock might works that Laboratory, in other words, is one of the rubrics of the magazine. of the words, one rubrics is other ofLaboratory, the in of Salamandra pages on the cisely pre coherenceits and finds continuity de lo imaginario” “Laboratorio group’s Madrid the page, printed beyond the manifestations its all 4 3 2 constellation.” “Surrealist the to available made to be have no ambition than and greater chandise,” not “mer emphatically are productions cooperative). Its printed chist anar of afellow-traveling part is printer (the layout distribution and phy, painting, video, object, gommage, drawing, etc.” drawing, gommage, object, video, phy, painting, tools: photogra various its through etc.) visionary, conceptual, (oneiric, of imagination possibilities different the with where we experiment “ an or creating way; ritual and arepeated in so doing places, public and in works of art anonymous leaving a city; throughout disseminated be can that graffiti into for example, text, ten writ acollectively transforming to it: analogous accomplish something would that publishing than other activity of collective forms proposes etc.),” also and Marxists, libertarians, environmentalists, industrials, anti- groups (anti-capitalists, alternative kindred “cooperation between politics. and power by to corruption vulnerable highly endeavors, remain sincemost or cultural publishing of marginal most but the any with ment’s associated to be reputation move the harm it would rejoin that might aSurrealist hand, other Ibid., 432–34. Ibid., 441. Ibid., 428–29. Ibid., A rubric is one of the ways, albeit modest, in which an exception exception an which in modest, albeit oneways, is of the A rubric The Madrid-based Surrealist group, along these lines, calls for calls lines, group, these along Surrealist Madrid-based The 2 The key is not to amass a collection of acollection not is key to amass The , its journal founded in 1987. in founded The journal , its imagination laboratory 4 However, for 3 On the the On ------, Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 mused—“Is that a thing now?” athing that mused—“Is or be- wry often most expression, of the Think arule. becomes 6 5 collective action.” collective of a the dynamo is itself cause, which our with tory, identification and initia almost process of searching, to way the analogous an “in develop any, if apublic, would with Its relationship individuals.” groups and dispersive groups, and non-groups, between dialogue meant to “feed of adventure,” commercea form “collective but of “copyleft”-inspired “micro,” groups, are not other are and with as efforts, Its publishing real.” turn things of “mak[ing] practice acollective as effect, to this things makes that athing is arubric it, around grow might of sorts acommunity which conditionsin creates doing, so by and, it; in to engage of individuals anumber (orcauses permits) or doing; thinking, of writing, aform names arubric that To extent the it? around coalesce of collectivity aform of it? Can or it, think perform or it, recognize oneself besides others can and Do communicability. reason, iterability, or of intelligibility, pale beyond the mote drifting somenameless fluke, abizarre a phenomenon exception, or an eventis one reason why the periodical is such a fundamental expression of the of the expression afundamental such is one reason periodical why the is real.” This turn how things one “makes exactly it models act, of that and in recognition participation collective andby soliciting filled, to be anew, frame empty or drawing by what exists reframing by function: doubles its way, same of arubric form the In the it with. to share ity for of and collectiv aform latent or orrepressed oppressed, marvelous, for whatocculted, is asearch demands and concerns content, likewise, their occulted—while unpublicized, of access, difficult be, should and “The Utility of Surrealist Editions,” 439–40. Editions,” Surrealist of Utility “The imagery. Surrealist recalls rats”) garden coated (“lemon last this for chosen “thing” new of a example the Significantly, not_sure_where_to_post_this_but_what_is_the/). (https://www.reddit.com/r/etymology/comments/2tyu07/ Reddit and php?t=653604); (http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread. board message Dope Straight the (http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/144171/phrasal-verb-be-a-thing); site Exchange Stack &Usage Language English the See memes. Internet of rise the by inflected and blogs, in and TV on mostly mid-2000s, to early- the to phenomenon guistic lin this of emergence the date Web,which of most the around attempts similar ences refer Yagoda 2012). 13, (December online Education Higher of Chronicle the in Thing,’” a ‘It’s Guess “I Yagoda, Ben example, for See, language). the in advent its registered yet not has Online Dictionary English Oxford (the etymology and/or history at asocial stab apreliminary taken and now”— athing “that’s or athing” not “that’s in “thing”—as word the of use new relatively this of notice taken recently have researchers Casual The Surrealist Grupo Decollage of São Paulo explains its work, its of São explains Paulo Decollage Grupo Surrealist The 6 This is to say that Surrealist periodicals tend to be, tend to be, periodicals Surrealist to say is that This 5 What this question asks is whether whether is asks question Whatthis . - - - - 65 hansen | surrealism is a thing Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021

66 artmargins 5:3 dictionary, Michel Leiris’s “Glossaire j’y serre mes gloses” (published in in (published mes gloses” j’y “Glossaire serre Leiris’s Michel dictionary, of aSurrealist example early an In general. works in rubric Surrealist on how shedsome the light whose workings counterdictionary, ist Surreal- the or rather way. dictionary, Take, the this in for instance, soon come would to function they publications or offuture LRS pages “poems.” as such categories morealongside familiar ( corpse exquisite the example, genres—for Surrealist established 8 7 head.”your upon open burst blossoms shall of orange afreight to my brother delivers which cloud this not and soap, you, salute Palmolive sir, Ishall Nestor, “by vows to obèse” acertain monsieur “Le which in dialogue a is text” Péret’s 1“Surrealist issue Benjamin of automatic writing. not pieces but have did to be, were often, which surréalistes,” “Textes was Another Breton, others. and Giorgio by de Chirico, dreamed of accounts dreams with “Rêves,” was 11 beginning 1through issues from rubrics of One the rubrics. its come through todegree agreat ( surréaliste Révolution La project. to that so central is literature— of aminor inauguration even perhaps community—and of aminor aseed to action, impetus an as page printed beyond the and within both functioning rubric, why and the project, Surrealist cadavre exquis cadavre phrases de reveil” by Maurice Béchet. Maurice by reveil” de phrases “Douze p. 28, 3, issue also See (33). market flea Ouen St. the through Giacometti with stroll Breton’sof famous context the in significant becomes that ashtray”) “Cinderella or cendrillon,” cendrier L’Amour in (“le fou reveil” de a“phrase of example another is There (21–22). phrases other of series a“gratuitous” by followed immediately it is and construction,” poetic for “material his into phrase this He incorporates window.’” the by two in cut aman is ‘There like: something . itwas window the at knocking was which bold, so be Imay if . aphrase, phrase strange arather voice, any of sound the from . removed Iperceived asleep, Ifell before therefore, evening, “One (1924): Surrealism of Manifesto First the see reveil,” de For “phrase drawings. with done be also can This (25). out” read sentences the and unfolded is paper The noun. another finally and tive, adjec and article indefinite or definite another averb, with repeated is process the and it, conceals anoun, writes then player Each player. next the to round passed and words, the conceal to as so folded are sheets The them. see cannot neighbors their sure making tive, Games Surrealist of ABook To from wine.” quote new the drink will corpse exquisite “The in: resulted it that sentence first the from name its got that agame is This corpse: Exquisite 9. 1: no. surréaliste Révolution La see For Péret, Still other rubrics were not explicitly formatted as such, but on the but on the such, as formatted were not explicitly rubrics other Still : each player “writes on a sheet of paper a definite or indefinite article and an adjec an and article indefinite or adefinite paper of asheet on “writes player : each 7 Other rubrics, outlining what would later become well- later what would outlining rubrics, Other ) and the “waking phrase” ( phrase” “waking the ) and ; 1924–29) laid the ground for work ground to the laid ; 1924–29) LRS * , facsimile edition (New York: Arno Press, 1968), 1968), Press, York: Arno (New edition , facsimile * * phrase de reveil de phrase ) 8 —appeared —appeared - - Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 like architecture like for words definitions Providing Bataille. Georges by (1929–30), edited reinvented. be at time any might that inventions of it aseries proposes of givens, aseries than Rather arbitrariness. amarvelous language, and experience, knowledge, of thought, ries catego existing in to reveal, opportunity excellent an itself—provides rubric magazine Surrealist to the form—similarly dictionary the Surrealists, the by appropriated as because, is This notional. the and sensible of the partitioning epitome rational of that the dictionary, the of enough to get seem cannot irrational, of the championing their all secret ramifications that circulate across all language.” all across circulate that ramifications secret the and virtues hidden most words in “their to discover was it, puts Leiris as point, The du viDe”). Unsépare la or Protée” “Vie: Dé “Porte: (for example, rearrangement combinatorial and sound, and on sight wordplay based association, acombination of free through created be, might of definition the act of what but reimaginings definitions, their of LRS 3–5 issues 10 9 press announcements put it: press announcements productive meanings.” productive but unacceptable, [them] to new, but to open results, illegitimate, their it not is to “borrow losophy, psychoanalysis, economics, and ethnology, phi including of disciplines language awhole as the uses Documents if completed knowledge”—and closed, as itself constituting without of codes knowledge the capable of overturning ]writing a [form of success of “the represents Dictionary” “Critical the this: more than of words. “excreta”) Yet but also (“tasks,” it is besognes and virtues” “hidden the via impossible-to-classify the and informe of the irruption the to catalyze was task dictionary’s this Desnos, Robert and Leiris ney , written by Bataille himself and by collaborators including Michel Michel collaborators by including and himself Bataille by , written Versteeg (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1987), 125. 1987), Rodopi, (Amsterdam: Versteeg 1985) juin 22 (21 et d’Amsterdam International Colloque du Actes Bataille: Georges in revues,” des autour Bataille Critique: Acéphale, “Documents, in Lecoq, Dominique 503. 1998), Press, MIT MA: (Cambridge, Language Imagining eds., McCaffery, Steve and Rasula Jed ossuary.” My glosses’ “Glossary: as gloses” mes j’yserre “Glossaire title punning Leiris’s surréaliste Révolution La Documents journal the in arubric was Critique” “Dictionnaire tions, neglected till now, will be the object of studies as rigorous, rigorous, as of studies object the be now, till will neglected tions, produc heteroclite certain and works of art, aggravating most the , absolute ), the “glosses” upon words are not only rewritings of “glosses”), upon the words not rewritings are only , no. 3: 7. Jed Rasula and Steve McCaffery convincingly translate translate convincingly McCaffery Steve and 7. 3: Rasula , no. Jed 10 Or alternatively, as one of the magazine’s early early onemagazine’s as of the alternatively, Or , materialism , metaphor , eye factory chim factory , and 9 Surrealists, for Surrealists, , ed. Jan Jan , ed. - - - - 67 hansen | surrealism is a thing Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021

68 artmargins 5:3 The questionnaire ( questionnaire The instances. various its in and category ageneral as research—both of aform as understood be also can itself rubric but the rubric, magazine Surrealist used since“research” afrequently is ambiguous, 1924, October in established Research,” “Bureau of Surrealist the that “recherche.” announces Issue 2of LRS collective the elsewhere: and LRS in appearance its makes that activity attention. illuminating tent and persis of an object undefined and disquieting, neglected, heteroclite, is what make to framing and definition, organization, of rational tures It struc uses lines. same the works along compared to adictionary) be it as can insofar magazine, Surrealist the (and also entry a dictionary de liaison,” a node around which a community gathers and grows. gathers de liaison,” a community a node which around its role,whole, ofBureau,“organe an as the that with doubling along a as periodical ofSurrealist the tasks ofvarious the summary is a fair of mores.”this on or critique politics” a “free of aresearch, definition As one’s but also ideas ous dreams, on as fashion well as “most instinctive coincidences” and curi on investigation,” “striking aof report psychic 12 12 11 La Révolution surréaliste Révolution La 118. Ibid., The relationship between rubrics and research is somewhat is research and rubrics between relationship The account an include of might a “new results system “Experimental” manifest. be yet cannot that for apurpose data, of experimental possible amount greatest the to gather proposes Surrealism and enterprise, for this apriori specified is No domain of taking. susceptible is spirit the of activity unconscious the that forms diverse to the relative tions communica appropriate means, all by gathering, in employs itself of category to another linked closely also is rubric Surrealist The compared to be it as can insofar rubric, magazine Surrealist The underlined. deliberately be . will dissimulated from being far methods, or the results of the character absurd the sometimes investigations, diverse these In defined. been yet whose consequences have not those facts, disquieting most the We consider archaeologists. herethe . those of as scientific as enquête 12 , no. 2: 31. 2: , no. sine sine the perhaps is arubric, as )—which, 11

- - - - Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 mysterious (Q: What is fraternity? A: It is perhaps an onion”). It an perhaps is A: (Q: fraternity? Whatis mysterious to other”) any like It ahierarchy is A: (“Q: equality? Whatis satisfying from cynically range results The answering. from those hidden are enquête the in where, unlike of question-and-answer, Take, game ways. the for example, similar in meantto function are two the since game, of as a form Surrealist rubric the Surrealist to define turn, in It difficult, not present. up be would to the rubric, periodical Surrealist tried-and-true another is games of collective results of the for word example, in image, presentation and complex. The similarly is to puzzle over, are thereby given an oracular significance that their their that significance oracular over, an given thereby to are puzzle for published all and of chance quarries rich from the drawn pairings, nonsense. utter was end of Surrealism of the announcement this that believed who Prague, and Paris in particularly of those, regrouping the lyzed cata that ou quoi?”) (“Rien Vincent Bounoure by circulated enquête thean dissolution movement in was of it 1969, official ment of the Jean Schuster’s announce second-in-command Breton 1966 his in and of death the after what And by means? and act, Surrealism should today? what In domain Surrealism in it asked, placed, be hope can to represent defend “absolute and What liberty.” willing those tifying iden wheatchaff, World from the to separate was War. Its purpose Second of the ruins movement the among Surrealist the revitalize and reboot to collectively instrument an as used was enquête an example, 1947, in improved and upon them; models as for surveys early these took of Surrealists ofgenerations hope do you love?” place Later sort in aSolution?,”one,” “Is Suicide asking 1929, “What in asks, 12, issue and ofissue LRS first the in Anenquête defined. endeavorfield just of only thought or of to a itself to address is whose task or otherwise, temporary community, a together of calling effect category, the sinceit general has as rubric of the resembles that also enquête of the function The of research. method aprime also forums—is and periodicals of Surrealist non qua 14 14 13 La Révolution surréaliste Révolution 1928,”La en Dialogue “Le .blogspot.com/. http://robberbridegroom See Paris.” in activity Surrealist concrete of abandonment the for alibi an as “served which 1969),” and Canto,’ Fourth (‘The continuity’ latent its in tory his ‘escap[es] supposedly which surrealism’ ‘eternal the of “notion Schuster’s of agingly Bridegroom Robber The blog its Group, in Action London Surrealist The The relationship between research, rubrics, and Surrealist games games Surrealist and rubrics, research, between relationship The 13 , in 1924, for example, “indiscriminately appeals to every appeals “indiscriminately for example, 1924, , in , no. 11. , no. , the questions questions , the , speaks dispar , speaks 14 Such Such - ­ - - - - 69 hansen | surrealism is a thing Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021

70 artmargins 5:3 what sorts of things, thoughts, values, and languages are possible in possible in are languages and values, thoughts, of things, what sorts it works to redefine Furthermore, it but to to open reordering. such, and images, “the only constitutive elements of the spirit.” of the elements constitutive only “the images, and of percepts “effervescence” provoke also rests,” acollective it as can ‘real’ world the by to understand what we agree uponnotions which of the character ultrafallible even and precarious the to expose power the has Other’ the into ‘One game the more than “nothing here that Breton explains effect. to this ensemble of efforts entire simply the is Other,” which the of into One Dictionary of aUnitarian Elements “New its with stage next to the game particular this takes Medium zine 15 thing. another with associated vocabulary and properties the using athing describing with tasked ( of “one game other” the the into with case the is This analogy. and juxtaposition is absurd, ment of the treat serious experimentally its and obvious of the making-strange aside from its game, Surrealist of the purpose heuristic basic the eral, gen In not could afford. wit content ormere (unintentional) semantic [its] forces to this reclassing of life” [its] reclassing forces to this to “apply is fact, all in research, of Surrealist purpose same.” the The all order reason, but an of ordinary means the by impossible to elucidate and more profound afiner order, following of things reclassing taneous spon “the is But other,result its on thought.” the of all leveling radical the of languages, renewal the . and obvious of the demineralization . the of values devalorization general “the toward it, puts Artaud “revolution” Antonin as aims, Surrealist the one hand, the ence. On of experi conduct and forms collectivizing and of generating course phenomenon the in but toasecondary do so as ate present and facts, re-creations. literal be play, and to are of gaming sense the in recreations, Surrealist then, 17 17 16 For example, the Czech artist Toyen’s “I am a gleaming Toyen’s agleaming am “I artist Czech the For example, réaliste sur Révolution La in Surréalistes,” Recherches de Bureau du “L’Activité Artaud, Antonin why. and in, them invite would one door, one’s on knock to were personages well-known of anumber of one if whether, is question Medium of issue 1953 November the in “Ouvrez-vous?” example, for See, enquêtes. surréaliste Révolution La 1995), 31. Redstone, Shambhala (Boston: Games Surrealist of ABook eds., Gooding, Mel and Brotchie Alastair asword. words, other I’m placed”—in at which throats those across run to as so The goal of any act of Surrealist research is not so much to gener not is so much research of Surrealist of act any goal The , no. 3: 31. 3: , no. , no. 3: 56. Other types of games are difficult to distinguish from from distinguish to difficult are games of types Other 56. 3: , no. 15 Issue 3 of the postwar Surrealist maga Surrealist postwar Issue 3of the l’un l’autre dans 17 —not to totally dismantle order as dismantle to totally —not necktie ), player is where the knotted around the hand hand the around knotted 16 Ideally, : the : the ------Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 ship between producer produced. and ship between relation dialectical continuing product,”amoment and the in human a than other something as experiences he aworld then that producing capable is of man that paradox It “the represents discourse. of collective unit and definable an becomeaccepted can glimpse) orcidence fleeting of coin or pareidolia, of paranoia of dream, reverie, of personal domain to the (belonging movement mind inchoate of an the cess which by pro gradual or the existence, acquires exist or materially conceptually not yet does that object an which by or construction of imagination to reobjectivate. and to objectivate both rubric—is periodical the Ihave said, as includes, that category research—a theof goal Surrealist place.In short, first the 21 21 20 19 18 Breton calls Surrealism’s “will to objectivation” [ to objectivation” Surrealism’s “will Breton calls cies” of laten series “uninterrupted to an or material, verbal whether blocks, building their of each or “forcefields,”as cuits, Bretonputs it—returns cir of configurations—new creation new The action. authority, and sense, of that uphold structures configurations certain within exist writes that words tend to group themselves “according to particular “according words to particular tend to group themselves that writes agroup. of acollectivity, participation world, the the presence and in shape totaking continue requires, objectivity new the latter have hitherto assumed. have hitherto latter the that arrangements specific the it within world,” limiting but without “concrete real of the the forms in mind” present to the image or “the representation” “inner the clothes ofprecision sensible forms.” Poetry “the to attain will ofde l’objetpoetry’s where he speaks surréaliste,” de l’objet/Situation surréaliste “Situation lecture 1935 his in is Prague Breton, “Crise de l’objet,” 146. de “Crise Breton, complètes Œuvres Breton, André 144. 2005), Place, Jean-Michel (Paris: Guigon Emmanuel surréaliste in L’Objet l’objet,”de “Crise essay 1936 his in appears phrase specific This 280). 2013), Press, CEU Es¸anu (Budapest: Art Post-Soviet in , Transition Octavian (see reality lived of condition apriori an is and consciousness,” for objects ity real of aspects various . mak[ing] others to knowledge communicating of and knowing of “naming, of that meaning, this has “objectification” word the Berger, in Elsewhere 61). (p. objectivity” of character the attain activity human of products externalized Versachlichung term Hegelian-Marxist the translates often “Objectivation” 78. 1971), Penguin, UK: (Harmondsworth, Knowledge of Sociology the in ATreatise Reality: of Construction Social The Luckmann, Thomas and Berger L. Peter See Objectivation, as Surrealists use the concept, is the simple process the is concept, the use Surrealists as Objectivation, In his “Introduction au discours sur le peu de réalité,” le peu Breton sur au discours “Introduction his In 21 and drafts an alternative text of reality—a new “objectivity.” This “objectivity.” new This of reality—a text alternative an drafts and , vol. II (Paris: Gallimard, 1992), 477. 1992), Gallimard, (Paris: II , vol. 20 Words, objects, and concrete forms Words, concrete forms and objects, 18 The classic formulation of what formulation classic The , as “the process by which the the which by process “the , as volonté d’objectivation volonté - , ed. , ed. ] - - 19 - -

- 71 71 hansen | surrealism is a thing Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021

72 artmargins 5:3 effective, if modest, means of generating and nurturing things, and and things, nurturing and of generating means modest, if effective, ing things that further its own ends: itslove, own marvelous. desire, the further that things ing task theof generat itself sets upon Surrealism which battlefield very the however, age. This, is pace,Internet the in frantic and at a particularly of objectivations— stream generation a never-ending of new “things,” constant up the is caught in One’s being aas social life to Surrealists. are notto least, say of exclusive forthe objectivation, Acts its operations. for imagery, or dream example, chance) (also including backdrops ferred only as one pre of several serving unconscious mission—the to this only corollary are ofunconscious actually exploration the the as such ata Moreof objectivation. desider radically, one even central could posit that and conscious discipline and so states, butforth), aas collective mental of simulation exceptional object-making, gaming, (automatic writing, genres peculiar or style its by, literary or defined visual example,for its 23 22 of power enunciation?” on our depend essentially verse uni of our Breton or“does adds, As made. mediocrity not the thought, said, be what could or made—conceals thought, said—or been already world the upon old its words, model.” what has other In instant, each them recreate, at making of theeffect has generally which affinities, ble that lies within the visible.” the within lies ble that invisi the “revealing and understanding” human remaking “radically of purpose the has work on language Surrealist that when he writes mind in has group of Surrealists, Paris present-day of the Joubert, Alain that this like It process. something is to “game” this literally to do, however, wish to accelerate is or quite tive.” Surrealists Whatthe “objec of the tapestry reweave the continually they together other, and reinforce and each instigate changes socio-material and linguistic scale; repeatedly, on and ahistorical naturally, occurs that of course, aprocess, is This reality. words, retextualizing in other experience—in field of upon the of language grid the way, realigning this in in ceed, suc might One language. into a shared experience personal nificance, sig into collective significance subjective to transform is fact, in latter, of the specialty The rubrics—do. researches—and games, dictionaries, what is Surrealist which experimentation, of textual for akind is called What Will Be Will What Vancrevel, and Vries de in pouvoir,” du controverse “La Joubert, Alain complètes Œuvres Breton, Games, alternative dictionaries, enquêtes dictionaries, alternative Games, should not itself be It Surrealism could reasonably that argued be , II 276. , II 23 are are recherches , and 22 Thus what is Thus - , 334. ------Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 . objective reality.” . objective transforms that ity activ collective voluntary of a“concerted result ritual, produced the as is knowledge Surrealist Group) that London Action writes Surrealist Group the and Surrealist Athens (of contemporary the Koutalis Vangelis action. to resemble said collective apublic be can function and form both in rubric periodical the while periodical, aSurrealist in arubric as appear may of agroup action or write-up report the events: entanglement. one is of Möbius-like types of various its to many rubric periodical the Surrealist Theof relationship definable. the into thoughts and acts it partitions adictionary, like contributors; and editors periodical’s the by constituted collective to the of interaction rules it special presents agame, like solving; or needs aproblem that answers demands that resembles aquestion frame empty its that in of research, akind also and of survey akind is rubric The of these. of each nature of the takes par also rubric periodical the suggesting, Ihave been as cals—and periodi Surrealist in arubric as appears also of activity categories these of Each objectivation. of Surrealist mechanisms exemplary thus are 24 24 dant variety of Surrealist object types—found, ready-made, “mobile,” types—found, object of Surrealist variety dant abun- already to an adding For example, activities. these to describe it used vocabulary the and activities participants’ predetermined, extent an thus to and groupframed, the of howas a result specifically, present and manifestations— past its in itself, of Surrealism that but in group states. others,” the with relationship elemental that in verified be only could discourse “Our proceedings. of the meaning” the “suspend continually thus and questions, ask intervene, through, to pass were public invited of the inutilizable es (e.g., todo slogans it with lot populated and took over avacant group also the to “appropriate” sphere. public But the call of 2011 the protests and anti-austerity massivethe Spanish of light in the object” on “reflect of debate days to three Event.” eventincluded “Object a public The aim: very this had that activity collective voluntary, mented) aritual, up docu and wrote (and Group then organized Surrealist Madrid the Investigations and Research Surrealist Hydrolith: in Symbols,” the of Forest the “Into Koutalis, Vangelis This is also the case with Surrealist collective actions and public public and actions collective Surrealist with case the also is This The public participated not only in the Madrid group’s Madrid the “discourse” not in only participated public The , ed. Eric W. Bragg (Berkeley, CA: Oyster Moon Press, 2010), 172–77. 2010), Press, Moon Oyster CA: (Berkeley, W. Bragg Eric , ed. ), objects, and ad hoc constructions; members members ad constructions; hoc and ), objects, 24 In the summer of 2013, of 2013, summer the In - - - - 73 hansen | surrealism is a thing Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021

74 artmargins 5:3 of the building blocks, which must of necessity be composed of be what of must necessity which blocks, building of the inertia the opening—between as form and limit as form between tion hesita of dialectical akind is there general, in objectivation Surrealist Not here, just but in or more of athing. athing, objects of hybrid construction collective spontaneous, the to make but rather objects, creation theof Surrealist not eventis specifically object of the purpose the that true It nonetheless event. is object Madrid for the schematic apreset as function reason, they words; for other and this in thing, a have longbeen objects” above. “Surrealist described bestiary the 26 26 25 “interpreted” Surrealist painting: Surrealist of as of what come one has to think vocabulary visual the recalls episode Acertain effect. to this comments and stories to send in ward after continued objects”; others with relationship about our knowledge general our increase that “dreams confirming need, or will needs he of objects dreams he often that reported demon.”). participant One (but horny) [a] home, harmless our into becoming sneak [that] objects 2014), 44–50. 2014), Investigations and Research Surrealist 2: Hydrolith in Event,” Object the of Group, “Chronicle Surrealist Madrid object. Surrealist the to 1936) devoted 1–2, (nos. d’art Cahiers of issue the of cover the on objects of types of acatalog in appear These One has come to expect “Surrealist objects” to look something like like to look something objects” “Surrealist come has toOne expect of authority and displaying great disdain for seriousness. disdain great displaying and of authority principle every mocking of skill, dictatorship the overcoming ties, abili anesthetized perhaps recovering themselves, within powers more or those less dormant restoring all game, the into jumping were strangers . there head. alightbulb with adoll of metal, abody with aswan atiger-headedgiraffe, lot; on the materializing was bestiary imaginary An old suitcase. an into them placed and hands their Two with uprooted protruded. people weeds doll small out of whose a of eye mask, awhite mouth the into shell another Someone placed. put been had ashell onto which track train a toy girl revealed into A her head. pour to sand with filled a cup him offered ahole Another it. in making until ahammer with eyes one hit and of the bust female porcelain took asmall Aman cally. freneti but almost silent, of became people number A substantial 25 —participants proposed the “succubus-object” (“small (“small “succubus-object” the proposed —participants , ed. Eric Bragg and Ribitch (Berkeley, CA: Oyster Moon Press, Press, Moon Oyster CA: (Berkeley, Ribitch and Bragg Eric , ed. 26 - - - - Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 broadly social, and the second personal and perceptual. and second personal the and social, broadly name) outside of the movement: the narrative of objective chance. of objective narrative movement: the name) outside of the recognized acommonly (or not one at no least, with equivalent has that genre of aSurrealist 1992”—and examples 5, are Saturday, December of “Morning example, of time—for tend to referbutions to spans contri of the titles above. mentioned de réalité” The le peu sur discours Breton’s by inspired au likely “Introduction title the magic”), tidian Emblems of quo (“More reality! cotidiana magia la de Emblemas dad! and without the mind, texts, and memories—all following like an an like following memories—all and texts, mind, the without and within images dérives, of and city of dreams debris the incorporating chance, and around coincidence significance oracular and of dense patterns weaving narrative, detailed and personal ahighly is This one”), for watchwords are us two these life,’ Rimbaud; said ‘change Marx; world,’ the (“‘Transform said écrivains” des au Congrès “Discours conclusion of from the Breton’smundo.” drawn latter, These 1935 el “transformar and vida” la “cambiar categories the fashion, unique quite in rubrics, as “photographs”) include the accompanying isms” “photomorphoses” “photograph and (with issues colectivos”; future space for “objetos includes Salamandra group’s Madrid the magazine “collectivization.” case, this in group calls, for Madrid what the or for objectivation, not-yet, crucial is the and already the spontaneity, and fixity between hesitation the rubric, periodical lot the and empty the of both canvas blank-yet-delimited upon the frame, the Within capable are of building. they that not-yet-existent the and exists, already 29 29 28 27 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994), 172. 1994), Press, MIT MA: (Cambridge, Unconscious Optical The Krauss, Rosalind phantasms.” these of nature buried hitherto the subject the to announce abottle, in sage mes the like will, that arevelation of form the in world refashioned now this of return happenstance “seemingly the also It is desires.” their of measure the itto recutting ity, real upon operate will thoughts unconscious subject’s “the which by process the to ring refer as lines these interpreted notably has Krauss Rosalind 31). 28, (pp. unconscious” human the through apath itstrikes as necessity exterior by manifested form “the as later tive chance as “the meeting [ meeting “the as chance tive objec call Surrealists what defines Breton André 2001), Gallimard, L’AmourIn (Paris: fou collapse.” industrial of advent the before desire of adiscourse “for 17–18 issue or, in antifascism, and capitalism on Burgos, in protests anticorruption on reflections include world” the “transforming of category the under falling articles objects”); “suicidal 19–20, issue Salamandra in (e.g., objects of types new (or recognizing) inventing example, for includes, life” “Changing complètes Œuvres Breton, Más reali Más rubric the included Salamandra 5, issue with Beginning Alongside “texts, poems, collages, and paintings,” the first issue issue of first the paintings,” and collages, poems, “texts, Alongside 27 are shorthand for two domains of Surrealist action, the first first the action, of Surrealist domains for two shorthand are , II 459. , II rencontre ] of an external causality and an internal finality,” finality,” internal an and causality external an ] of 28 29 ­

­ ------75 hansen | surrealism is a thing Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021

76 artmargins 5:3 peu solide.”peu “Une maison called prescient, darkly to be Breton, by taken collage-text of a treatment aline-by-line and Apollinaire, by books two Madrid, in 32 32 31 30 aquestion. as posed continually be must sis exege their and arbitrary, be would group insists, the correspondences, these from drawn conclusions piping). However,underground firm any to leading hatch mouth” its on amaintenance through laughs that “A phrase the stomach-ache written had for example, Castro, (Eugenio events two of the details the between kind subtle the and obvious the of correspondences both group seeks The shook Madrid. earthquake alow-intensity occurring, was action this as precisely that, fact the lies narrative of the sensible.” of the heart At the “liberation to the tribute con and reality” [foundations] “monolithic of the manifest crack might for objectivation) synonyms one Surrealist of many being tematization” (“sys actions of “sistematización” such the that logic echt-Surrealist the objects—following evocative of various surfaces on the ­slogans posting neighborhood Malasaña the some in group spent hours of Night 21-V-1997” Madrid how “The the recounts text the example, 10 issue (1999), Salamandra In for insight. and paranoia invention, and discovery between lines the blurs that attention of acute state asustained case, this in it: frames and what by delimits being, into brought possible, made is even chance of objective experience the itself, memories. persistent the most to encounters fleeting and to others’, writings own his coincidenceslink of and correspondences L’Amour foundin be can Vases communicants Les and fou Breton by are and examples standard The answer. to an sometimes and ­argument of insidious intent, to lead one to an question— overwhelming was someone who had been working during the break hour; the line line the hour; break the during someone working was who been had collapse Madrid of the casualty only the that fact the corresponds duty” disturbing dreams of cats. dreams disturbing involving also countries, various across over and some years guises, various Hin letter the with re-encounter aconstant centered around of events aseries is 13–14, from issue rubric, realidad!” “Más the under 2 (1935) and appearing in L’Amour in fou appearing 2(1935) and Minotaure in lished pub tournesol,” du Nuit “La in text, own his of treatment, line-by-line asimilar forms per Breton http://gruposurrealistademadrid.org/julio-monteverde-otra-casa-poco-solida. http://gruposurrealistademadrid.org/vicente-gutierrez-h-oro. http://gruposurrealistademadrid.org/jose-manuel-rojo-la-noche-del-21-v-1997. See As with the operations of the “narrative of objective chance” rubric rubric chance” of objective “narrative of the operations the with As 32 To Breton’s line “Watchman falls victim to his devotion to devotion to his To victim Breton’s falls “Watchman line 31 Still another concerns a building collapse collapse abuilding concerns another Still 30 Another contribution contribution Another . , where chains , where chains - - - - - Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 . European civilization.” of . European basis at the by, ideas the uncontamination our asense in from, detachment “total their to declare as go so far Paris—they in 1931 Exhibition the Colonial of denunciation scathing Morocco, in their preceded and Abd-el-Krim by led rebellion, 1925 Rif for the of statement support Surrealists’ Paris It also creates a space in which Surrealism must be posed as the only only the as posed be must Surrealism which aspace creates in It also play, optimism. absurd, the wild and incorporates easily that injustice to of reaction kind quo, aparticular status sonable upon the demand of unrea kind aspace for open to keep aparticular is effect the tion, illegal and reckless building practices. building reckless and illegal by caused was collapse the that fact to the corresponds neighborhood” of people the the by unreasonable deemed was Rue Martyrs des on the located house apartment an to build used method the “for alongtime 35 34 33 tion.” of globaliza McMiseries the . all in epitomized as time, own of our ideologies ruling to the “gives aname which Breton, “miserabilism,” a1956 essay by after have called, what Surrealists as well anism”—as authoritari all and military, the fatherland, the capital, state, “church, Rosemont, against Franklin Surrealist to quote Chicago itself, setting high, derogation aims Surrealist the agility, literary and intransigence militant of both Adisplay ire. of critical radius scorched-earth a wide, with outrageous, calculatedly and rhetorical highly aposition, of taking way aparticular model they army!”); the disband prisons, the “Open 2of issue LRS see (for example, an or otherwise political position, of not are simply Derogations statements automaticor even writing. chance, of objective narrative the as genre Surrealist anative much as “derogation,” group’s polemics.” is tions, The Madrid the term, to use declara “pamphlets, subtitle the with (“Derogations”), “Exenciones” things. as tained or sus constituted, revealed, are or attention inquiry, of action, forms eccentric these up which aspace opens in others, and examples these Ibid., 9–10. Ibid., 6. 2009), Press, Texas of University (Austin: Diaspora the and Africa from Writings Surrealist Beige: and Brown, Black, eds., Kelley, D. G. Robin and Rosemont Franklin to Introduction 30. 1993), Press, &Moon Sun Angeles: (Los Earthlight Rogow, trans., Zack and Zavatsky Bill When a rubric in a Surrealist periodical is given over to the deroga over to the given is periodical aSurrealist in When arubric This is also the case for another rubric in Salamandra in rubric for another case the also is This 34 In the tract “Revolution Now and Forever”—which followed the followed the “Revolution Now Forever”—which and tract the In 33 The “Más realidad!” rubric, in in rubric, realidad!” “Más The 35 , : ------77 hansen | surrealism is a thing Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021

78 artmargins 5:3 38 38 37 36 36 condemned tocondemned death.” world, you are “Western year: same that in students to Madrid address Aragon’s Louis as well Revolt”—as in “specialists themselves name ter lat the 1925”—in which of January “Declaration tract Surrealists’ Paris Turkish “autonomous[ly]” group The and references the spirit. from the revolt its identity, ideology, comes union, directly or lifestyle, party, any to itself tying than rather that, group declares revolution. The Egyptian 2011 year, the and of that May October and in protests anti-austerity and anticorporate global movement, the Spring Arab of the wake the we desire a lavish feast.” alavish we desire table, cafeteria from the when it comes of tocrumbs solutions, “instead Group explains, Surrealist Island Inner the demands.” As “immediate of level do, on the even will utopian the and outrageous the than less where derogation, nothing but aSurrealist of outrage, a statement Group’s United However, States. not the is St.Louis merely in the text racism of institutional realities and legacies the foroptions addressing policy as fielded to be likely nor were Ferguson, they in events to the responses practical not immediately least, were, to say the These for calling by statement its closed and revulsion,” “complete and condemnation its Group expressed Surrealist St. Louis the for example, Missouri, Ferguson, in 2014 August in Brown Mike of shooting the oppression. and After capital, misery, against off square marvelous the and desire, life, where field upon awider arrayed be can where and events import, to problemsreasonable of planetary answer . in which you [bourgeois students] are molded like fossils in fossils like molded are students] [bourgeois you which . . in civilization this ruin Beige and Brown, Black, Kelley, and Rosemont in quoted is This harbors.” unexpected and strange into gliding randomly ferries . Unscheduled ferries; all on freedom sexual Absolute work; ferry of eroticization total The workers; ferry all for slavery wage to end genre: “An the within fit still but tone, in serious less are Columbia Hydrolith Bragg, Hydrolith 2 Hydrolith Ribitch, and Bragg in 2014,” “Ferguson In late 2011, the Turkish Surrealist Group signed a statement in in Group astatement Turkish signed lateIn 2011, the Surrealist Ferguson and everywhere else. everywhere and Ferguson in barbarism current to the antidote the as we invoke surrealism sense on absolute this In based freedom. fecundity of creative environment an in mix can affinities diverse other and genders of races, ethnicities, wonder ofwhere cities ofcreation people all the as well as conformity, and exploitation authority, brutality, of structures other and police of dissolution the immediate the , 51. Its “immediate demands” regarding ferry services in British British in services ferry regarding demands” “immediate Its , 51. 38 Whether it is from the heart or the borderlands borderlands or the heart it from the is Whether 37 36 , 70. , 9: “First of all we shall shall we all of “First , 9: - Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 derogations: Surrealist of onefirst of the title the War. with it closes And Indochina First the against Word,”“Freedom directed Is aVietnamese was which tract content), and genre 1947 the Surrealist both (in predecessors its one of by quoting significantly, It Garden. begins, Square Madison Convention at National Republican 2004 at the Bush,” directed Coronation of W. George Imperial of the Occasion on the Torturocracy Statement against ASurrealist Leash: the “Breaking titled national” Inter “Surrealists by signed statement 2004 the derogation falls Surrealist of the tradition the In weight. their all heft can gestures verbal subtlest the and present, of the to those imagery and language lend their seamlessly and easily can past revolts great of the the desire, versus misery marvelous, the versus of despair form martial the in tragedy.) to anow-distant from Marx, borrowing counterpart, farcical now, was movement that irrevocably, history—the countercultural tury of amore midcen authentic reenactments to haplessly theatrical pared were com protests Wall Street how frequently, Occupy for example, (One recalls it. against instead of and of protestactivism, benefit the toward weighs history Here, association. by glorified be quent events subse letting well, as but events together not groups texts only rubric, a as derogation, Park). The (and Gezi soon, Square to Tahrir riots urb sub Paris 2005 the Turkish quote the group—from of everything—to common revolt substrate the apure as such it possible to is see which aspace in world; it maintains the in manifest itself to make managed or not revolt, it whether has pure for door open this holdsogation the der Surrealist of the “thing-ness” the that rather is point The point. the ideology, revolt not is beyond all (or sur-) historical trans- of pure, kind a for, it possible or to is channel notto one stand whether believes and made is comes, “West” whatever acall such Western world that of this

Hydrolith 2 Hydrolith Ribitch, and Bragg in found be can Millennium” New the of Game The “Revolt: statement Surrealists’ Turkish The surréaliste Révolution La in printed Conférence,” d’une “Fragments from taken It is enemies.” your all with apact make We shall atus. laugh rather, care—or, take so Europe, of defeatists We the are death. to condemned are you world, Western shale. . Every time one of them spouts some spouts one of them time . Every week. YorkNew this City in meeting revival self-congratulatory and ghoulish this against surrealism to re-assert obligated we feel It reasons that for is these itself repeating keeps history as derogation, Surrealist the In , 54. , no. 4 (1925), 24. 4(1925),, no. 24. ­ - - - - - 79 hansen | surrealism is a thing Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021

80 artmargins 5:3 41 41 40 39 39 States, “Another Stupid War,” United Movement the in Surrealist the by 2002 in signed A statement flict of imperialist interests . interests .” imperialist of flict con inextricable up from the to rise threatens which war the measures, security increased and of repeated form hypocritical the in augured war “The declaration: 2002 for the used have been easily might that words with nor peace!,”begins your war which your “Neither tract the signed Surrealists 1938, Paris September In the peace!” nor imperial war class ruling “Neither declare: signers cheerleaders,” the Christian fundamentalist their and profiteers, war demagogues, militarist gists, apolo of “carnage obfuscation” “miserabilist the Against derogations. take off (or, say, go viral), with massive consequences. After all, every every all, (or, off consequences. After massive take say, with go viral), and burgeon suddenly can or thought act, gesture, smallest the which process by the models tendentiously and It repeatedly fabric. human inter of the alteration of an change, social of large-scale praxis and ity possibil the to mean taken word is the “politics” coincide—if inevitably on and it. in to act but simply continuing history not are reenacting Surrealists that and it ended, never because resurrected to be not need does Surrealism that declaration mere as history—a now disarmed no longerbe can which “past,” this with of unbroken continuity adeclaration as functions but derogation, it also contemporary of the feature ageneric is past the of texts collective of the diction heightened and language of the (London: Pluto Press, 2001), 120. 2001), Press, Pluto (London: Declarations and Tracts Current: the against Surrealism eds., Fijałkowski, Krzysztof and Richardson Michael www.Surrealistmovement-usa.org/pages/news_iraq.html. See Bragg, Hydrolith Bragg, police everywhere! Open the prisons! Disband the army! the Disband prisons! the Open everywhere! police and Freedom now, jailers against murderous humanitarianism. and war, occupation, resolved and against united ity, we stand andsensitiv spontaneity, imagination, liberty, of wildfires elegant the with of solidarity Convention. Out National Republican at the applauded honored and being is that regime Bush-Cheney the by internationally and domestically practiced totalitarianism balling of fear. violence,and rape . We snow the denounce archipelago carceral asprawling planet, aprison to build efforts feverish their you remember about “freedom,” that we ask balderdash twisted In Surrealist objectivation, the political and the imaginative often often imaginative the and political the objectivation, Surrealist In , 233. 40 also incorporates language from past from past language incorporates also 41 Such frequent and pointed quotation quotation pointed and frequent Such 39 ------Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/ARTM_a_00158 by guest on 06 October 2021 a backdrop of nonacts and nonce acts, and itself becomes athing. becomes itself and nonce and of acts, nonacts a backdrop against focus into brought act—is Surrealist so—the of doing act the of nonthings, abackdrop against focus into out brought and sifted are Here, things new as just thing. charged (or politically) poetically even and identifiable it now an as leaps attention to greet wholly beneath and invisible once what was virtually collective, and personal both of objectivation In acts memory,and recognition. notice, definition, beneath falls that of everything wrested, are things that of nonthings domain it from the is modestly, of necessity—since begins thing new 81 hansen | surrealism is a thing