Acéphale E a Hora Presente

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Acéphale E a Hora Presente Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Curso de Pós-Graduação em Literatura Acéphale e a hora presente Fernando Scheibe Florianópolis 2000 A céphãle e a hora presente FERNANDO SCHEIBE Esta dissertação foi julgada adequada para a obtenção do título MESTRE EM LITERATURA Área de concentração em Teoria Literária, e aprovada na sua forma final pelo Curso de Pós-Graduação em Literatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Í\C Prof . Dr. Raúl Antilo V ORIENTADOR PLOS Profa. pra. Simone/Pereira Schmidt COOÍ^DENADO]^ DO CURSO BANCA EXAMINADORA: Prof. Dr. Raúl Antelo (UFSC) PRESIDENTE _XV\ Prof. Dr. ítalo Moriconi (UERJ) Prof. Dr. Souza (UFSC) Profa. Dra. Ana Lklfea Andrade (UFSC) SUPLENTE Fernando Scheibe Acéphale e a hora presente Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em Literatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, sob orientação do Professor Doutor Raúl Antelo, para a obtenção do título de “Mestre em Letras”, área de concentração em teoria literária. Florianópolis 2000 “Ce que je pense et représente, je ne l’ai pas pensé ni représenté seul”, mas agradecer é anular o dom. Por isso digo apenas que: Jogaram junto (já que colaborar não pode, aqui, ser): Raúl Antelo, apertando a mão direita de Acéphale por mim e operando, ao longo dos muitos encontros, o necessário mecanismo Maldoror/poésies, Nietzsche/Hegel, /4cé/?/;a/í?/dissertação, abertura/orientação...; Antonio Carlos Santos, cuja meticulosa revisão da tradução de Acéphale é sem dúvida responsável pelo que ali prestar; Eduard Marquardt fazendo a trabalhosa revisão do fichamento dos Cadernos da Hora Presente-, o pessoal do NELIC: Maria Lúcia consentindo, Mariana, Nilcéa, Lúcia, Simone, Ana Maria, Marco Antonio e Rafael acolhendo-me sem restrições - eu parasita; Sérgio Medeiros e Simone Schmidt, participando da banca de qualificação; Pedro de Souza através da leitura atenta, das sugestões fecundas e, também, como ítalo Moriconi, participando da banca final; Os colegas Jorge Carlos WolfF, Valeska Freitas, Eduardo Riaviz e Henrique Burilo discutindo/acrescentando; o CNPQ, fomecendo-me, ao menos por um ano e meio, uma bolsa de propiciação. RESUMO Esta dissertação busca, a partir da leitura cruzada de dois periódicos extremamente díspares do imediato pré-segunda-guerra, o francês Acéphale, encabeçado por Georges Bataille e o brasileiro Cadernos da Hora Presente, dirigido por Tasso da Silveira, contribuir para a discussão sobre os impasses das vanguardas artísticas nesse período. Questiona-se aqui a proposta de uma “solução religiosa” para a (des)organização social - ponto comum entre as duas revistas - apontando-se as divergências entre o modelo cefálico sustentado pelos Cadernos e o acéfalo. Constam também deste volume uma tradução, propositadamente polêmica, dos cinco números de Acéphale e o fichamento completo dos nove números dos Cadernos da Hora Presente. ABSTRACT Taking as a point of departure the cross-reading of two extremely different late 1930’s periodicals, the French Acéphale, headed by Georges Bataille and the Brazilian Cadernos da Hora Presente, directed by Tasso da Silveira, this dissertation discusses the impasses of the artistic avant-gardes of that moment. The proposition of a “religious solution” for the social (dis)organization - point of contact between the two publications - is put in question; and the divergence between both models, the catholic-cephalic one (Cadernos) and the acephalic, stressed. This volume includes also a willfully polemicai translation of the five issues of Acéphale and the complete indexation of the nine issues of Cadernos da Hora Presente. SUMARIO Introdução..................................................................................................................4 Abertura................................................................................................................... 14 Primeira parte: Tasso da Silveira e osCadernos da Hora Presente ............... 17 Capítulo I - Tasso e a divina prótese ou Sveglia homem de Deus...................17 Capítulo II - Os Cadernos propriamente escritos..............................................40 Capítulo III - Fichamento dos Cadernos da Hora Presente ............................ 96 Segunda parte: Bataille e lesAcéphales ............................................................151 Capítulo IV - O dedão do pé de ícaro...............................................................151 Capítulo V - Les Acéphales ............................................................................... 166 Capítulo VI - Tradução de Acéphale ................................................................196 Anexo ao capítulo VI - Tradução de En marge d Acéphale .......................... 330 Foraclusão da conclusão ........................................................... ..........................335 Bibliografia geral..................................................................................................345 Introdução Ao escrever essas linhas introdutórias, sinto-me verdadeiro Carlos Argentino Daneri: poeta cujo trabalho, segundo o testemunho, sempre infiel, de Jorge Luis Borges, “«o estaba en la poesia; estaba en la invención de razones para que la poesia fuera admirable;'”. O projeto de pesquisa Acéphale e a hora presente, cujos resultados visíveis encontram-se reunidos nesse volume, surgiu como possibilidade de reivindicar, no espaço acadêmico, um pensamento potencialmente antiacadêmico - na medida de seu désoeuvrement - e ao qual me sentia, ainda que vagamente, próximo: o de Georges Bataille. Meu desejo estava assim investido, majoritariamente, nesse lado da pesquisa. Mas, sabemos: uma dissertação não se constrói apenas sobre um paíhos (ainda que Bataille, de certa forma, tenha feito dele um principio de sua relação com Nietzsche - por exemplo: não se trata de endossar o conteúdo nocional do eterno retomo, mas de representar, simular - até o limite - o seu pathos^). Foi a partir de uma conversa com o Prof Raul Antelo, o qual, como se pode verificar, veio a ser meu orientador, que estabeleci o recorte (mas que não se quer absolutamente íranchant) sobre a revista Acéphale e sua contraposição aos Cadernos da Hora Presente. (^"Acéphale - Religion - Sociologie - Philosophie - Revue paraissant 4 fois par an”, mas que na verdade apareceu apenas 4 vezes ao longo de 4 anos (1936-39), reuniu além das ilustrações, sempre de André Masson, textos de Georges Bataille (a maior parte ’ “El AJeph” inElAleph, Buenos Aires, 1957, p. 155. ■ Cf. “Sur un sacrifice oü tout est victime” in “L’expérience intérieure”O.C. V, p. 177. Cf. também o seguinte trecho de “À propos du simulacre dans la communication de Georges Bataille” de Pierre Klossowski; “Et en effet les contenus d’expérience que Bataille énonce comme autant de moments souverains: Textase, 1’angoisse, le rire, reffusion érotique et sacrificielle, illustrent cette révolte qui n’est ici qu’un appel à rautorité silencieuse du pathos sans but ni sens, en lant qu’appréhension immédiate de la fuite de Fêtre, et dont la discontinuité exerce une incessante intimidation du langage.”Critique 195- deles), Pierre Klossowski, Roger Caillois, Jean Rollin, Jules Monnerot e Jean Wahl, Além disso, Acéphale era também o nome de uma comunidade “religiosa”, paradoxalmente encabeçada por Bataille, nesta mesma época, mas cujos membros, em sua maioria, não coincidiam com os colaboradores da revista homônima. Cadernos da Hora Presente, 9 números publicados entre maio de 1939 e agosto de 1940, revista dirigida por Tasso da Silveira contando com colaboradores em sua maior parte ligados ao catolicismo.) A necessidade, necessariamente contingente, de uma tal comparação: balizar um olhar sobre os impasses das vanguardas no imediato pré-segunda guerra, confrontando duas maneiras extremamente diferentes de lidar com a modernidade, mas que apontam para a exaustão de um mesmo projeto: o modernismo esclarecido e esclarecedor. É tempo de abandonar o mundo dos civilizados e sua luz. É tarde demais para se ater a ser razoável e instruído - o que levou a uma vida sem atrativo. Secretamente ou não, é necessário devir totalmente outros ou cessar de ser. Eis o que nos diz Bataille nas primeiras linhas do primeiro texto do primeiro número - A Conjuração Sagrada - da revista Acéphale. Isto sob uma das variações de André Masson sobre o “bonhome Acéphale” em que este aparece com os pés fundidos na lama enquanto seu pau (“en arrière ceux qui auraient peur de voir son...”), ao invés de vir substituído pela tradicional caveira, parece trespassar seu ventre perdendo-se no “dédalo em que ele [o Acéfalo] se desgarrou a si mesmo, me desgarra com ele e no qual me encontro sendo ele, é dizer, monstro.” 196 - Hommage à Georges Bataille, 1963, p.748. A gente^ dos Cadernos jamais subscreveria essas barbaridades: Tasso e seus companheiros de Festa começaram a se fazer escutar, no final dos anos 20, justamente como contraponto - iluminado, civilizado e puro - ao “primitivismo antropofágico”. Proponho, não obstante, que essa gente compartilha, seja com Bataille, seja com Oswald, um mesmo pressuposto: a insuficiência da razão fi^ente ao político e ao estético e, sobretudo, fi-ente à estetização do político. Daí sua reivindicação - e é aqui que a gente dos Cadernos está mais próxima da de Acéphale do que esta da da antropofagia (demasiado secularizada) - da experiência religiosa. Somos ferozmente religiosos - ruge Acéphale logo de entrada. As vozes dos Cadernos não cessam por sua vez de entoar que é só através da religião (cristã e, de preferência, católica) que é dado ao
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