Emergency Situation Report

Mount Bromo, Volcanic Eruption Probolinggo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia

This report is prepared in cooperation with the Center for Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Ministry of Health and Emergency and Humanitarian Action Section, WHO, Indonesia

Reference: Indonesia - Volcano – Mt. Bromo – Number 2 – 10 June 2004

Reporting date

10 June 2004 (Thursday)

Type of Emergency

Volcanic eruption

Date of emergency incidence

Approximately around 15:30 hrs, 8 June 2004 (Tuesday), sending black smoke up to the sky and dropping hot ash on Probolinggo and Malang city at around 5 p.m.

Place

Mt, Bromo, rising 133 meters above the caldera and 700 meters wide, 2,392 meter (7,894 feet) high, is located in a popular tourist destination, near the town of Probolinggo, 40 Kilometers west of Malang city, Probolinggo regency, East Java province, Indonesia.

Background history

• Mt. Bromo has erupted more than 60 times since 1767. • Indonesia has more active volcanoes than any other nation in the world. • One of the largest volcanic eruptions in history was the 27 August 1883, eruption of Mount Krakatau in the Sunda Strait, when the entire top of the mountain blew off and more than 36,000 people were killed, mostly by huge tidal waves. It is said that ash from Krakatau circumvented the globe, creating magnificent sunsets over the following year.

Map

The following maps show the geographic location of the Mt. Bromo in Indonesia

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(ESR, Mt Bromo eruption, 10 June 04) Volcano activities

• On 8 June 2004, the volcano started spewing black smokes and hot ashes. • Minor eruptions were detected on 9 June 2004.

Cause and effects

There was a light rain of ash and smoke rose three kilometers above the crater. The local authorities said, the sky was dark and the ash was painful to the eyes. Fallen rocks, some what having size of footballs.

Level of alertness

• Java and Sumatra volcano division at the Bandung Institute of Technology said the eruption reached about three kilometers heading west toward plantation areas. • Top-level alertness was declared indicating people and animals should be evacuated from the danger zone immediately. • Mr. Hendrasto, head of the national volcanology agency for East and Central Java said eruption was unpredictable, unlike previous eruptions from volcanoes across Indonesia. The seismograph did not record preliminary quakes from Mount Bromo, and then suddenly erupts. There was no indication upon which volcanologist could make any predictions. • Team leader, Mr. Atje Urbawinata warned that after shocks usually followed and a volcano will continue belching white smokes from its crater after an eruption.

Population at risk

People living in the neighboring towns such as Malang, Lumajang, Pasuruan and Sukapura Nagadisari area were at risk.

Affected population

• 2 Tourist were killed, as they got closer to the crater most probably by fallen rocks and covered with ashes. They were, Muhammad Nurhakim, a Singaporean child and Eko Cahyono, an Indonesian from Surabaya. Their bodies were evaculated and brought to Dr. Soetomo General Hospital for an autopsy.

No Name Age Female/Male Nationality Remarks 1 M.Nur Hakim 13 years M Singapore 2 Eko Cahyono 20 years M Indonesian (Surabaya)

• 5 other Indonesians were injured. 2 men and 3 women. All of them were conscious and injuries were mainly due to fallen rocks and hot ashes. All injured cases were evacuated and admitted at the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya were under medical treatment.

No Name Age Female Diagnosis Origin Remarks /Male 1 Eka Anyani 20 F Open fracture right Surabaya Referred to Dr. Soetomo femur, trauma hospital; abdomin, burn 6% 2 Dewi 20 F Burn grade II - 35 %, Surabaya Dr.Soetomo Hospital Kurniawati Open fracture of right 2 digital phalangies 3 Muhammad. 16 M Burn grade II - 8 %, Singapore Dr.Soetomo Hospital Nur Hasan Right skull impression 4 Eko Riawan 21 M Multiple injuries, burn Surabaya Dr.Soetomo Hospital grade II -1 % 5 Naki 43 M Multiple injuries and Proboling Dr.Soetomo Hospital wound, burn grade II – go 1 %

(ESR, Mt Bromo eruption, 10 June 04)

• Causalities were confirmed by the Sukapura police station in Probolinggo, 100 Kilometers away form Surabaya. • Search and rescue team head, Mr. Ketip Sudarsono said no additional victims were found on 9 June 2004 despite reports that at least 3 flower sellers were missing after the disaster. The team will continue the search to verify the reports from the villagers. • One survival, Naki said he was climbing to the crater with six other hikers, and the volcano erupts unexpectedly as they neared the peak. He was hit by a shower of rocks the size of volleyballs from the crater and was survived, as he was able to take cover behind a large bolder where his two fellow colleagues were not able to do so.

Follow-up activities encountered as part of the emergency response

No Subject Observations, Activities Date Responsible problems and organization constraints 1 Mt. Bromo, Smokes, hot ashes The mountain was closed to 8 June 2004 Bromo National Tourist site and fallen rocks public after eruption park 2 Injured cases Emergency treatment provided 8 June 2004 Provincial Health at the local health clinic and Department transferred to Dr. Soetomo General Hospital 3 Dead cases Evacuated to Dr. Soetomo 8 June 2004 Provincial Health General Hospital, Surabaya Department Province for autopsy 4 Missing Rescuers searched for more 9 June 2004 Provincial Health persons victims reported missing Department 5 Further Team geologist and experts 9 June 2004 National eruption studying and checking to Volcanology uncover the cause of eruption Agency for East and assess whether there are and Central Java sign of major eruption and was still dangerous. 6 Medical Dr. Soetomo General Hospital 9 June 2004 Provincial Health coverage has sent a medical team to assist Department the local health staff at site.

International Response

• No international support has been requested so far and there is no response taken place at the moment. • The local authorities with the support form central level is able to control the situation.

Contact persons in Indonesia

The following persons can be contacted if more information is needed.

No Name Designation Organization Contact Fax E-mail phone 1 Dr. Doti Head of Center for Health 0811173712 021-5271111 [email protected] Indrasanto Department Emergency [email protected] Preparedness and Response (CHEPR) (PPMK), MOH 2 Dr. Kyaw Win Field Emergency and 0811143584 021-5201164 [email protected] (Vijay Nath) Medical Humanitarian Action Coordinator Section, WHO 3 Ms. Regina Emergency UNOCHA 0811 021- [email protected] Rahadi Response 939479 31900003 Officer

(ESR, Mt Bromo eruption, 10 June 04) 4 Ms. Laksmita Information UNOCHA 0811840820 021- [email protected] Noviera and 31900003 Advocacy Officer

Source of Information from Indonesia

Information is gathered from the following sources and is not subjected for official quotation, as it might not reflect the actual true facts at the field level but can be used as references. The information will be up-dated accordingly.

1. Center for Health Emergency Preparedness and response (CHEPR) also known as PPMK, MOH 2. Emergency and Humanitarian Action (EHA) section, WHO Indonesia 3. UNICEF 4. UNOCHA 5. WHO 6. Jakarta Post, local news paper, Indonesia 7. Internet networks

(ESR, Mt Bromo eruption, 10 June 04)