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Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
The Peacock Cult in Asia
The Peacock Cult in Asia By P. T h a n k a p p a n N a ir Contents Introduction ( 1 ) Origin of the first Peacock (2) Grand Moghul of the Bird Kingdom (3) How did the Peacock get hundred eye-designs (4) Peacock meat~a table delicacy (5) Peacock in Sculptures & Numismatics (6) Peacock’s place in history (7) Peacock in Sanskrit literature (8) Peacock in Aesthetics & Fine Art (9) Peacock’s place in Indian Folklore (10) Peacock worship in India (11) Peacock worship in Persia & other lands Conclusion Introduction Doubts were entertained about India’s wisdom when Peacock was adopted as her National Bird. There is no difference of opinion among scholars that the original habitat of the peacock is India,or more pre cisely Southern India. We have the authority of the Bible* to show that the peacock was one of the Commodities5 that India exported to the Holy Land in ancient times. This splendid bird had reached Athens by 450 B.C. and had been kept in the island of Samos earlier still. The peacock bridged the cultural gap between the Aryans who were * I Kings 10:22 For the king had at sea a navy of Thar,-shish with the navy of Hiram: once in three years came the navy of Thar’-shish bringing gold, and silver,ivory, and apes,and peacocks. II Chronicles 9: 21 For the King’s ships went to Tarshish with the servants of Hu,-ram: every three years once came the ships of Tarshish bringing gold, and silver,ivory,and apes,and peacocks. -
D 328 the Bioregional Principal at Banyuwangi Region Development
Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, November 26-28, 2019 The Bioregional Principal at Banyuwangi Region Development in the Context of Behavior Maintenance Ratna Darmiwati Catholic University of Darma Cendika, Surabaya, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract The tourism, natural resources, local culture and Industries with the environment are the backbone of the government's foreign development in the region exchange. The sustainable development without the environment damaging that all activities are recommended, so that between the nature and humans can be worked simultaneously. The purpose of study is maintaining the natural conditions as they are and not to be undermined by irresponsible actions. All of them are facilitated by the government, while maintaining the Osing culture community and expanding the region and make it more widely known. The maintenance of the natural existing resources should be as good as possible, so that it can be passed on future generations in well condition. All of the resources, can be redeveloped in future. The research method used qualitative-descriptive-explorative method which are sorting the datas object. The activities should have involved and relevant with the stakeholders such as the local government, the community leaders or non-governmental organizations and the broader community. The reciprocal relationships between human beings as residents and the environment are occurred as their daily life. Their life will become peaceful when the nature is domesticated. The nature will not be tampered, but arranged in form of human beings that can be moved safely and comfortably. Keywords: The Culture, Industry, Natural Resources, Tourism. -
Gravity Anomaly in Kelud, Kasinan-Songgoriti, and Arjuno-Welirang Volcano Hosted Geothermal Area, East Java, Indonesia
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-3S, January 2020 Gravity Anomaly in Kelud, Kasinan-Songgoriti, and Arjuno-Welirang Volcano Hosted Geothermal Area, East Java, Indonesia Novita Wahyuningsih, Sukir Maryanto, Wiyono manifestations of hot springs [4]. There are also Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship of manifestations of hot springs in the Cangar area in Batu City, heat reservoirs in the Kelud, Kasinan-Songgoriti, and and Padusan in the Mojokerto Regency [5]. Arjuno-Welirang geothermal systems based on gravity data analysis. Gravity data are obtained from Geodetic Satellite (GEOSAT) and European Remote Sensing-1 (ERS-1) Satellite which have been corrected to free air correction. The result of gravity data analysis is in the form of a complete Bouguer anomaly which represents the gravity anomaly below the surface. The results of the complete Bouguer anomaly value obtained were -15,238 mGal to 86,087 mGal. Based on these results, regional anomalies and residual anomalies will be separated to determine the depth of the two anomalies. 3D modeling was carried out based on the complete Bouguer anomaly data to determine the reservoir relationships in the Kelud, Kasinan-Songgoriti, and Arjuno-Welirang geothermal systems. Keywords : gravity data, complete Bouguer anomaly, Fig. 1. Research area map reservoir, geothermal, GEOSAT and ERS-1 Satellite. I. INTRODUCTION Indonesia is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire region, where there is an active plate meeting. The resulting effect is the emergence of volcanic activity along the path through the ring of fire. The magnitude of volcanic activity gives rise to considerable geothermal potential [1]. -
The Influence of Hindu, Buddhist, and Chinese Culture on the Shapes of Gebyog of the Javenese Traditional Houses
Arts and Design Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6061 (Paper) ISSN 2225-059X (Online) Vol.79, 2019 The Influence of Hindu, Buddhist, and Chinese Culture on the Shapes of Gebyog of the Javenese Traditional Houses Joko Budiwiyanto 1 Dharsono 2 Sri Hastanto 2 Titis S. Pitana 3 Abstract Gebyog is a traditional Javanese house wall made of wood with a particular pattern. The shape of Javanese houses and gebyog develop over periods of culture and government until today. The shapes of gebyog are greatly influenced by various culture, such as Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic, and Chinese. The Hindu and Buddhist influences of are evident in the shapes of the ornaments and their meanings. The Chinese influence through Islamic culture developing in the archipelago is strong, mainly in terms of the gebyog patterns, wood construction techniques, ornaments, and coloring techniques. The nuance has been felt in the era of Majapahit, Demak, Mataram and at present. The use of ganja mayangkara in Javanese houses of the Majapahit era, the use of Chinese-style gunungan ornaments at the entrance to the Sunan Giri tomb, the saka guru construction technique of Demak mosque, the Kudusnese and Jeparanese gebyog motifs, and the shape of the gebyog patangaring of the house. Keywords: Hindu-Buddhist influence, Chinese influence, the shape of gebyog , Javanese house. DOI : 10.7176/ADS/79-09 Publication date: December 31st 2019 I. INTRODUCTION Gebyog , according to the Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary, is generally construed as a wooden wall. In the context of this study, gebyog is a wooden wall in a Javanese house with a particular pattern. -
From the Jungles of Sumatra and the Beaches of Bali to the Surf Breaks of Lombok, Sumba and Sumbawa, Discover the Best of Indonesia
INDONESIAThe Insiders' Guide From the jungles of Sumatra and the beaches of Bali to the surf breaks of Lombok, Sumba and Sumbawa, discover the best of Indonesia. Welcome! Whether you’re searching for secluded surf breaks, mountainous terrain and rainforest hikes, or looking for a cultural surprise, you’ve come to the right place. Indonesia has more than 18,000 islands to discover, more than 250 religions (only six of which are recognised), thousands of adventure activities, as well as fantastic food. Skip the luxury, packaged tours and make your own way around Indonesia with our Insider’s tips. & Overview Contents MALAYSIA KALIMANTAN SULAWESI Kalimantan Sumatra & SUMATRA WEST PAPUA Jakarta Komodo JAVA Bali Lombok Flores EAST TIMOR West Papua West Contents Overview 2 West Papua 23 10 Unique Experiences A Nomad's Story 27 in Indonesia 3 Central Indonesia Where to Stay 5 Java and Central Indonesia 31 Getting Around 7 Java 32 & Java Indonesian Food 9 Bali 34 Cultural Etiquette 1 1 Nusa & Gili Islands 36 Sustainable Travel 13 Lombok 38 Safety and Scams 15 Sulawesi 40 Visa and Vaccinations 17 Flores and Komodo 42 Insurance Tips Sumatra and Kalimantan 18 Essential Insurance Tips 44 Sumatra 19 Our Contributors & Other Guides 47 Kalimantan 21 Need an Insurance Quote? 48 Cover image: Stocksy/Marko Milovanović Stocksy/Marko image: Cover 2 Take a jungle trek in 10 Unique Experiences Gunung Leuser National in Indonesia Park, Sumatra Go to page 20 iStock/rosieyoung27 iStock/South_agency & Overview Contents Kalimantan Sumatra & Hike to the top of Mt. -
Mapping of Regional Inequality in East Java Province
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Mapping Of Regional Inequality In East Java Province Duwi Yunitasari, Jejeet Zakaria Firmansayah Abstract: The research objective was to map the inequality between regions in 5 (five) Regional Coordination Areas (Bakorwil) of East Java Province. The research data uses secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and related institutions in each region of the Regional Office in East Java Province. The analysis used in this study is the Klassen Typology using time series data for 2010-2016. The results of the analysis show that: a. based on Typology Klassen Bakorwil I from ten districts / cities there are eight districts / cities that are in relatively disadvantaged areas; b. based on the typology of Klassen Bakorwil II from eight districts / cities there are four districts / cities that are in relatively disadvantaged areas; c. based on the typology of Klassen Bakorwil III from nine districts / cities there are three districts / cities that are in relatively lagging regions; d. based on the Typology of Klassen Bakorwil IV from 4 districts / cities there are three districts / cities that are in relatively lagging regions; and e. based on the Typology of Klassen Bakorwil V from seven districts / cities there are five districts / cities that are in relatively disadvantaged areas. Keywords: economic growth, income inequality, Klassen typology, regional coordination, East Java. INTRODUCTION Development inequality between regencies / cities in East East Java is an area of accelerated economic growth in Java Province can be seen from the average GRDP Indonesia. According to economic performance data distribution of Regency / City GRDP at 2010 Constant (2015), East Java is the second largest contributing Prices in Table 1.2. -
Identifikasi Stress Markers Pada Os Clavicula (Tulang Bahu
IR-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abernethy, Bruce., Kippers, Vaughan., J.Hanrahan, Stephanie., G.Pandy, Marcus., M.McManus, Alison., Mackinnon, Laurel. 1996. The Biophysical Foundations of Human Muvement. Human Kinetties, Queensland. Australia. Allmae, Raili & Limbo, Jana. 2010. Skeletal Stress Markers in the Early modern Town Of Parnu, Estonia. Papers on Anthropology, Institute of History. Tallinn University. Amalia, Nadia. 2020. Stress Markers Pada Calcaneus Penambang Belerang Di Gunung Welirang Ditinjau Dari Masa Kerja, Intensitas Kerja Dan Beban Kerja. Skripsi, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. BPS. (Badan Pusat Statistik) 2018. Kecamatan Dalam Angka. BPS Kab. Pasuruan. Byers, S.N. 2010. Introduction to Forensic Anthropology. Pearson Education Inc., Boston. Campbell, N.A & J.B. Reece. 2010. Biologi, Edisi ke delapan jilid 3 Terjemahan: Damaring Tyas Wulandari. Erlangga. Jakarta. Fatoni, Moch & Ikhsan, Mukharromi. 2019. Pembuatan Peta Jalur Pendakian Gunung Welirang Berbasis Web Mapping (Studi Kasus di Gunung Welirang, Jawa Timur). Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang, Malang. Ginting, Rehulina. 2018. Stress Markers Pada Cervical Vertebrae Perempuan kuli Panggul Di Pasar Pabean Surabaya. Skripsi, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Harmony Ocean Mountain Energy. 2016. Penambang Belerang di Gunung Welirang (Diakses 22 Agustus 2019). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aeZMbYQME4. Indriati, E. 2004. Antropologi forensik: identifikasi Rangka Manusia, apilikasi Antropologi Dalam konteks hukum. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. 101 SKRIPSI IDENTIFIKASI STRESS MARKERS.. ARDATA TRI ANGGARA IR-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA Kartawiguna, Daniel & Vina, Georgiana. 2014. Model Development of Integrated Web- Based Radiology Information System With Radio Diagnostic Imaging Modality in Radiology Department. Journal vol 63. Kartiyani, Ika. 2006. Pengaruh Paparan Uap Sulfur Terhadap Kejadian Gingivitis (Studi pada Pekerja Tambang Belerang di Gunung Welirang Kabupaten Pasuruan Jawa Timur). -
Cultural Education Programs 2021
NEW SOUTH WALES CULTURAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS 2021 www.culturalinfusion.org.au Welcome to 2021 Cultural Infusion is Australia’s leading culture-in-education provider and was founded almost two decades ago to encourage intercultural harmony throughout Australia. Our cultural presenters programs give students meaningful and experiential connection to Australia’s diverse cultural communities. During 2020 we had the opportunity to create a new way of delivering our cultural programs and ensuring no matter what the circumstances - be it remote learning, students in regional or rural schools - we can continue to deliver cultural programs to students across Australia. Virtual programs are now a standard offering as they have proven so popular. Many schools have found a virtually delivered program a great way for their students to experience a program they wouldn’t otherwise have access to, as well as the programs being perfect for remote learning environments. We thank you for your ongoing support and look forward to working with you in 2021! visit us at www.culturalinfusion.org.au 3 Cultural Infusion Culture Education Program Cultural Infusion brings culturally diverse presenters and teachers into classrooms, early learning centres and libraries - both in person and virtually - all over Australia. We cater to all year levels across metropolitan areas and keep our programs accessible to regional areas through tours, cluster bookings and our recently created virtual delivery option. Our experienced presenters tailor their programs to suit the age, year level and abilities of students they work with. We can work with you to adapt the content and program structure to the specific needs of your organisation, group or event. -
A Rapid Assessment on the Trade in Marine Turtles in Indonesia, Malaysia and Viet Nam Lalita Gomez Kanitha Krishnasamy Stealthc4 \ Dreamstime \ Stealthc4
NOVEMBER 2019 A Rapid Assessment on the Trade in Marine Turtles in Indonesia, Malaysia and Viet Nam Lalita Gomez Kanitha Krishnasamy stealthc4 \ dreamstime stealthc4 \ TRAFFIC REPORT A Rapid Assessment on the Trade in Marine Turtles in Indonesia, Malaysia and Viet Nam TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reprod uction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. \dreamstime stealthc4 The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organisations con- cern ing the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published by TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Ofce, Suite 12A-01, Level 12A, Tower 1, Wisma AmFirst, Jalan Stadium SS 7/15, 47301 Kelana Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Telephone : (603) 7880 3940 Fax : (603) 7882 0171 © TRAFFIC 2019. Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC. ISBN no: 978-983-3393-85-5 UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 Suggested citation: Gomez, L. and Krishnasamy, K. (2019). A Rapid Assessment on the Trade in Marine stealthc4 \dreamstime stealthc4 Turtles in Indonesia, Malaysia and Viet Nam. TRAFFIC. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Green Sea Turtle Chelonia mydas © Willyambradberry/ Dreamstime.com Design by Faril Izzadi Mohd Noor This communication has been produced under contract to CITES and with the fnancial assistance of the European Union. -
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This Chapter Presents Five Subtopics
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents five subtopics, namely; research background, research questions, research objective, research limitation and research significance. 1.1 Research Background Language is essentially a speech of the mind and feeling of human beings on a regular basis, which uses sound as a tool (Ministry of National Education, 2005: 3). Language is a structure and meaning that is free from its users, as a sign that concludes a goal (HarunRasyid, Mansyur&Suratno 2009: 126). Language is a particular kind of system that is used to transfer the information and it is an encoding and decoding activity in order to get information (Seken, 1992). The number of languages in the world varies between (6,000-7,000) languages. However, the right estimates depend on arbitrary changes between various languages and dialects. Natural language is sign language but each language can be encoded into a second medium using audio, visual, or touch stimuli, for example, in the form of graphics, braille, or whistles. This is because human language is an independent modality. All languages depend on a symbiotic process to connect signals with certain meanings. In Indonesia there are many very beautiful cities and many tribes that have different languages and are very interesting to learn. One of the cities to be studied is Banyuwangi Regency. Banyuwangi Regency is a district of East Java province in Indonesia. This district is located in the easternmost part of Java Island. Banyuwangi is separated by the Bali Strait from Bali. Banyuwangi City is the administrative capital. The name Banyuwangi is the Javanese language for "fragrant water", which is connected with Javanese folklore on the Tanjung. -
Challenge Your Adrenaline by Taking One of These Volcano Indonesia Tours
Challenge Your Adrenaline by Taking One of These Volcano Indonesia Tours As an archipelago, Indonesia lays on the meeting of several tectonic plates. Geologically, it is the reason why Indonesia has many volcanoes stretched from the West to the East. Though it sounds worrying to remember how dangerous a volcano can be, the area can be the perfect place to explore instead. Volcanoes are known for its fertile land and scenic view. Apparently, volcano Indonesia tour can be found across the country and below are six of the best destinations. 1. Mount Rinjani, Lombok Lombok Island on the Eastern Indonesia has the magnificent Mount Rinjani and its craters. This active volcano has three craters from its past eruption called the Kelimutu Lake. Mount Rinjani is the second highest volcano in Indonesia after Mount Kerinci in Sumatera. The lake has a magical view because each crater has different colors throughout the day. From afar, each of the craters would be seen to have green, blue, and red color. The local people have their own legend of the color of the craters. However, the color change might potentially be the result of the change in oxidation and reduction of the fluid in the craters. It may take around two days and one night to climb the mountain seriously and professionally. However, there are Indonesia tour packages that will offer an easier hiking option for beginners. 2. Mount Batur, Bali Mount Batur in Bali might be the easiest volcano to climb in the Indonesia tour list. In just less than three hours, you can get to the top of this active volcano.