The English Historical Review
THE ENGLISH Downloaded from HISTORICAL REVIEW NO. LXXXIII.—JULY 1906* http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org/ Mote and Bretesche Building in Ireland L THE BRETESCHE. NEW light upon the nature of the first fortresses built by the at Simon Fraser University on June 6, 2015 A Normans in Ireland may, I think, be gained from a consider- ation of the number and distribution of certain Irish place names involving one or other of the terms mote and breteache. The mote names, indeed, are so obvious that they have not been alto- gether overlooked, but their significance has, I think, been missed, while even the existence of the bretesche names has not hitherto been suspected. To take the latter, as the more important for our argument, first: The word Brittas, sometimes slightly modified, constitutes or 'fonnB part of the names of thirty-seven townlands in Ireland. From the form of the name and from the distribution and posi- tions of the townlands I think it may be shown that the word ' Brittas' is not of Irish origin at all, but represents the Old French breUtcke, or rather, more immediately, an AHglo-Norman or a Middle-EngliBh form of that word. From all the available data it may be inferred that the term was used in Ireland in early Anglo- Norman times to denote a complete fortress, consisting of a wooden tower, often but not always placed on a mote, or mound of earth, surrounded by a fosse and earthen rampart, and (as we may suppose) further protected by a palisade ; that these towers we*e erected by Anglo-Norman or English settlers in the twelfth and early part of the thirteenth centuries; that though in some early cases there is evidence that they were the principal fortresses VOL.
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