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Sarah Fox, Environmental Gentrification
9. FOX_ (DO NOT DELETE) 4/10/2019 11:45 AM ENVIRONMENTAL GENTRIFICATION SARAH FOX* Gentrification is a term often used, much maligned, and dif- ficult to define. A few general principles can nonetheless be distilled regarding the concept. First, gentrification is spur- red by rising desirability of an area for housing or commer- cial purposes. Second, this rising desirability, following ba- sic supply-and-demand principles, leads to higher property values and rents in an uncontrolled market. Third, gentrifi- cation leads to a shift in the demographics of a neighbor- hood. This shift can change not only the socioeconomic and racial composition of the area but also the community’s char- acter, as residential and commercial options begin to reflect the preferences of the new arrivals to the neighborhood. Much has been written and discussed about the nature of gentrification and its impacts on communities. Less has appeared in the legal literature focusing on one specific cat- alyst for gentrification—improvements to the environment. Environmental gentrification is a term used by social scien- tists to refer to the process by which environmental cleanups, or other improvements to environmental health, spur the cy- cle of gentrification. Where land or waterways have been con- taminated, cleanup of those resources often leads to renewed interest in the surrounding areas by developers and more af- fluent tenants and homebuyers. This is particularly the case in urban areas where the quantity of usable land is limited. In such areas, environmental contamination may have long contributed to depressing property values below what the market would otherwise support; removal of that contamina- * Assistant Professor of Law, Northern Illinois University College of Law. -
Urban Green Space, Public Health, and Environmental Justice: the Challenge of Making Cities 'Just Green Enough'
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities 'just green enough' Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8pf8s47q Authors Wolch, JR Byrne, J Newell, JP Publication Date 2014 DOI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Landscape and Urban Planning 125 (2014) 234–244 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Landscape and Urban Planning j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/landurbplan Research Paper Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough’ a,∗ b c Jennifer R. Wolch , Jason Byrne , Joshua P. Newell a University of California, Berkeley, 230 Wurster Hall #1820, Berkeley, CA 94720-1820, USA b School of Environment, Griffith University, Australia c School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, USA h i g h l i g h t s • Urban green space promotes physical activity and public health. • Many US minority communities lack green space access, an environmental injustice. • US and Chinese cities have developed innovative ways to create new green space. • Urban greening can, however, create paradoxical effects such as gentrification. • Urban green space projects need more integrative sustainability policies to protect communities. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Urban green space, such as parks, forests, green roofs, streams, and community gardens, provides crit- Available online 2 March 2014 ical ecosystem services. Green space also promotes physical activity, psychological well-being, and the general public health of urban residents. -
6.717 Class Specification
STATE OF NEVADA Department of Administration Division of Human Resource Management CLASS SPECIFICATION TITLE GRADE EEO-4 CODE PARK AND RECREATION PROGRAM MANAGER 37 B 6.717 Under general direction, the Park and Recreation Program Manager is responsible for planning, organizing, coordinating and supervising the Division of State Parks’ park and recreation program, which includes conducting complex studies and analyses; planning and managing archaeological and promotional contracts and grants; assigning and reviewing work performed; evaluating present and future recreational needs and opportunities; and managing land acquisitions and exchanges. Develop work programs and specific tasks necessary to prepare and update statewide recreation plans, individual park master plans, resource protection plans, feasibility studies and other supporting studies and documentation; conduct research using technical, scientific and historical data; coordinate with other agencies involved in the implementation of park and recreation resource programs; negotiate with other federal, State, and local entities concerning multi-jurisdictional issues and represent the agency at various meetings. Manage planning, archaeological, and promotional contracts by developing the scope of work, selecting consultants, negotiating contracts, and approving and supervising work programs. Coordinate agency grant applications by seeking potential funding sources for capital improvement, resource protection and property acquisition projects; write grants and monitor compliance -
How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 3-2019 How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental Gentrification and Environmental Inequality Accelerated by Climate Change Marielle Christie Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Other Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Christie, Marielle, "How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental Gentrification and Environmental Inequality Accelerated by Climate Change" (2019). Honors Theses. 2275. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/2275 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental Gentrification and Environmental Inequality Accelerated by Climate Change By Marielle Christie ********** Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science/Arts Environmental Science and Policy Program UNION COLLEGE March, 2019 Abstract CHRISTIE, MARIELLE, How to Combat Post-Natural Disaster Related Environmental Gentrification and Environmental Inequality Accelerated by Climate Change, Environmental Science and Policy Program, Union College, Schenectady, New York, March 2019. This thesis aims to illustrate the concept of natural disaster-induced environmental gentrification. There is a heightened vulnerability to unmitigated forced displacement by socioeconomically disadvantaged residents following a natural disaster. Environmental gentrification is a variant of green gentrification. Green gentrification occurs when providing green amenities to a city increases local property values and attracts wealthier residents to a previously polluted or disenfranchised neighborhood, which displaces the low-income residents. -
Chapter 1 the Development of Landscape Architecture
Revisiting Riverside: A Frederick Law Olmsted Community Chapter 1 The Development of Landscape Architecture Landscape Architecture is a profession that involves human interaction with nature. It entails human impacts upon the land, such as the shaping of landform and the creation of parks, urban spaces, and gardens. Landscape architecture can also include the mitigation of human impacts upon nature. For example, landscape architects are often involved with the restoration of or preservation of areas for wildlife and for the continued success of natural processes (i.e. stormwater collection and purification, groundwater recharge, water quality, the survival of native plants and plant communities, etc.). Landscape architecture is often inspired by social needs. Olmsted’s work was a reaction to the uncleanly, overcrowded conditions of cities in the late nineteenth-century and the need for people to escape from these conditions and restore themselves in a natural setting. This same ethic inspires many of today’s landscape architects who seek to provide safe, inviting parks within cities and to develop housing that responds to the needs of the residents. This housing could be in the form of improved public housing, developed through dialog with residents and informed by the successes and failures of past public housing trends. Landscape Architect’s involvement with planning efforts range from complex and inspired plans such as Riverside in 1868 - 1869, Garden Cities (Radburn, NJ 1928), the Greenbelt town design of the 1930s, and today’s ecologically and culturally sensitive development models, to the typical, ubiquitous, suburban developments that have evolved since the early twentieth century. The scope of landscape architecture ranges from broad projects (town planning and large, national parks) to narrow (small parks, urban plazas, commercial centers and residences). -
Ideas and Tradition Behind Chinese and Western Landscape Design
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Landscape Planning, Horticulture and Agricultural Science Department of Landscape Architecture Ideas and Tradition behind Chinese and Western Landscape Design - similarities and differences Junying Pang Degree project in landscape planning, 30 hp Masterprogramme Urban Landscape Dynamics Independent project at the LTJ Faculty, SLU Alnarp 2012 1 Idéer och tradition bakom kinesisk och västerländsk landskapsdesign Junying Pang Supervisor: Kenneth Olwig, SLU, Department of Landscape Architecture , , Assistant Supervisor: Anna Jakobsson, SLU, Department of Landscape Architecture , , Examiner: Eva Gustavsson, SLU, Department of Landscape Architecture , , Credits: 30 hp Level: A2E Course title: Degree Project in the Masterprogramme Urban Landscape Dynamics Course code: EX0377 Programme/education: Masterprogramme Urban Landscape Dynamics Subject: Landscape planning Place of publication: Alnarp Year of publication: January 2012 Picture cover: http://photo.zhulong.com/proj/detail4350.htm Series name: Independent project at the LTJ Faculty, SLU Online publication: http://stud.epsilon.slu.se Key Words: Ideas, Tradition, Chinese landscape Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Landscape Planning, Horticulture and Agricultural Science Department of Landscape Architecture 2 Forward This degree project was written by the student from the Urban Landscape Dynamics (ULD) Programme at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). This programme is a two years master programme, and it relates to planning and designing of the urban landscape. The level and depth of this degree project is Master E, and the credit is 30 Ects. Supervisor of this degree project has been Kenneth Olwig, professor at the Department of Landscape architecture; assistant supervisor has been Anna Jakobsson, teacher and research assistant at the Department of Landscape architecture; master’s thesis coordinator has been Eva Gustavsson, senior lecturer at the Department of Landscape architecture. -
Moving Beyond Cleanup: Identifying the Crucibles of Environmental Gentrification
Moving Beyond Cleanup: Identifying the Crucibles of Environmental Gentrification H. Spencer Banzhaf and Eleanor McCormick Working Paper Series Working Paper # 07-02 January, 2007 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Economics 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (MC 1809) Washington, DC 20460 http://www.epa.gov/economics Moving Beyond Cleanup: Identifying the Crucibles of Environmental Gentrification H. Spencer Banzhaf and Eleanor McCormick Correspondence: Spencer Banzhaf Department of Economics Georgia State University P.O. Box 3992 Atlanta, GA30302 (404) 651-6981, [email protected] NCEE Working Paper Series Working Paper # 07-02 January, 2007 DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, although the research described in this paper may have been funded entirely or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review. No official Agency endorsement should be inferred. Moving Beyond Cleanup: Identifying the Crucibles of Environmental Gentrification H. Spencer Banzhaf Georgia State University Eleanor McCormick Resources for the Future Correspondence: Spencer Banzhaf Department of Economics, Georgia State University PO Box 3992, Atlanta, GA 30302 404-651-6981, [email protected] Report Prepared for the National Center for Environmental Economics (EPA) December 2006 This paper reviews the distributional impacts associated with "environmental gentrification" following the cleanup and reuse of Superfund sites, brownfields, and other locally undesirable land uses (LULUs). By making a neighborhood more attractive, cleanup and reuse of LULUs may drive up local real estate prices. -
Defining and Environmental and Sustainability Planning
1. Scope of the book - defining and environmental and sustainability planning 1.1 Planning There are three keys words that need to be defined, or at least have their meaning refined: environmental, sustainability and planning. We’ll start with ‘planning’. ‘Planning’ for the purposes of this book is land use planning. As Thompson and Maginn (2012) note, planning is about making decisions which facilitate future actions. It is mostly seen as applying to cities, to allow for the orderly development of residential areas, employment centres, supporting infrastructure and services. These future actions can either be long-term plan making, in some cases up to 50 years, more short-term decision making like zoning, or more immediate decision making like development approval (for example approval to construct a house). Planning can be legally binding, or statutory, where decision making specifically allows or dis-allows certain land uses. These include zoning of land, subdivision and development approval. Planning also has non statutory elements, for example most strategic plans and policies are used to guide statutory planning but are, for the most part, not legally binding. Planning is not just done by the traditional land use planning agencies (in WA it is the Western Australian Planning Commission and the Department of Planning). National Parks and Nature Reserves are usually vested in, and managed by, conservation or environmental agencies, and these agencies usually have statutory powers to plan and control land uses of these lands. Some agencies have special powers in relation to certain resources, which enables them to apply special land use control over land affected by those resources. -
Anthrozoology and Sharks, Looking at How Human-Shark Interactions Have Shaped Human Life Over Time
Anthrozoology and Public Perception: Humans and Great White Sharks (Carchardon carcharias) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA Jessica O’Toole A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Marine Affairs University of Washington 2020 Committee: Marc L. Miller, Chair Vincent F. Gallucci Program Authorized to Offer Degree School of Marine and Environmental Affairs © Copywrite 2020 Jessica O’Toole 2 University of Washington Abstract Anthrozoology and Public Perception: Humans and Great White Sharks (Carchardon carcharias) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA Jessica O’Toole Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Marc L. Miller School of Marine and Environmental Affairs Anthrozoology is a relatively new field of study in the world of academia. This discipline, which includes researchers ranging from social studies to natural sciences, examines human-animal interactions. Understanding what affect these interactions have on a person’s perception of a species could be used to create better conservation strategies and policies. This thesis uses a mixed qualitative methodology to examine the public perception of great white sharks on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. While the area has a history of shark interactions, a shark related death in 2018 forced many people to re-evaluate how they view sharks. Not only did people express both positive and negative perceptions of the animals but they also discussed how the attack caused them to change their behavior in and around the ocean. Residents also acknowledged that the sharks were not the only problem living in the ocean. They often blame seals for the shark attacks, while also claiming they are a threat to the fishing industry. -
The Florida Planning Toolbox
THE FLORIDA PLANNING TOOLBOX Funding: The Florida Planning Toolbox was made possible by a grant from the Florida Department of Community Affairs to further regional visioning initiatives in Florida by providing descriptions and examples of planning tools designed to protect and enhance natural resources, promote economic prosperity for all residents, and enable a sustainable quality of life. The Florida Planning Toolbox builds upon a similar product developed in 2006 for the Committee for a Sustainable Emerald Coast, a public-private regional committee established by Executive Order in 2006. That committee’s mission was to develop recommendations concerning long-range planning issues related to ensuring sustainable growth and development in Florida’s four northwesternmost counties (Escambia, Santa Rosa, Okaloosa, and Walton). About the Toolbox Author: The Center for Urban and Environmental Solutions (CUES) at Florida Atlantic University prepared this toolbox as part of its mission to work with policy makers and the public in their pursuit of options for managing growth while preserving natural systems, promoting a strong economy, and planning livable communities. The toolbox was prepared by CUES Senior Fellow Jean Scott under the guidance of CUES Director James F. Murley and Robert M. Jones, Director of the Florida Conflict Resolution Consortium at Florida State University and the University of Central Florida. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the many local, regional, state, and federal government officials, nonprofit organizations, and Florida planning professionals who generously provided information for this planning toolbox. We would also like to extend a very special thank you to two groups of individuals who gave of their time and expertise to ensure a toolbox of the highest quality: a Peer Review Panel and a Florida Plan- ning Toolbox State Focus Committee. -
Supporting Infill Affordable Rental Housing
August 2014 Supporting infill affordable rental housing STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING POLICY (AFFORDABLE RENTAL HOUSING) 2009 The State Environmental Planning Policy (Affordable Rental Housing) 2009 (AHSEPP) encourages investment in new affordable housing by: • Providing floor space incentives for villa, townhouse and residential flat building development projects in accessible locations where these uses are already permitted, if the projects include affordable rental housing. • Setting clear standards for developing new affordable housing projects. • Ensuring affordable rental housing is designed to be compatible with its locality. Why do we need affordable housing? Throughout NSW there is a strong need for a range of What is the Affordable Rental Housing SEPP? affordable housing options amongst the community. The State Environmental Planning Policy (Affordable This is reflected in figures which show that in February Rental Housing) (AHSEPP) was introduced on 31 July 2010 there were over 47,000 people in NSW on 2009 to increase the supply and diversity of affordable waiting lists for suitable housing accommodation. rental and social housing throughout NSW. It is essential that government at all levels, private The AHSEPP promotes infill affordable rental housing industry and the non-government sector work in in existing residential areas that are accessible by partnership towards finding innovative ways to provide public transport. Developments are required to be well- more affordable housing. located and to be designed to be compatible with the character of the locality. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT INFILL AFFORDABLE RENTAL HOUSING The NSW Government made amendments to the AHSEPP on 20 May 2011 after in a review of the AHSEPP that was carried out after it had been in effect What is affordable rental housing? for a year. -
Potentials and Systems in Sustainable Landscape Design
Potentials and Systems in Sustainable Landscape Design Erica Ko Editor Werner Lang Aurora McClain csd Center for Sustainable Development II-Strategies Site 2 2.2 Potentials and Systems in Sustainable Landscape Design Potentials and Systems in Sustainable Landscape Design Erica Ko Based on a presentation by Ilse Frank Figure 1: Five-acre retention pond and native prairie grasses filter and slowly release storm water run-off from adjacent residential development at Mueller Austin, serving an ecological function as well as an aesthetic amenity. Sustainable Landscape Design quickly as possible using heavy urban infra- structure. Today, we are more likely to take Landscape architecture will play an important advantage of the potential for reusing water role in structuring the cities of tomorrow by onsite for irrigation and gray water systems, for allowing landscape strategies to speak more providing habitat, and for slowing storm water closely to shifting cultural paradigms. A de- flows and allowing infiltration to groundwater signed landscape has the ability to illuminate systems—all of which can inspire new forms the interactions between a culture’s view of for integrating water into the built environ- its societal structure and its natural systems. ment. Water can be utilized in remarkable Landscape architecture employs many of the variety of ways–-as a physical boundary, an same design techniques as architecture, but is ecological habitat, or even a waste filtration unique in how it deals with time as a function system. A large-scale example of an outmoded of design (Figure 2), its materials palette, and approach is the Rio Bravo/Rio Grande, which how form is made.