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The Conquest of Arsuf by Baybars: Political and Military Aspects (MSR IX.1, 2005)
REUVEN AMITAI THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM The Conquest of Arsu≠f by Baybars: Political and Military Aspects* A modern-day visitor to Arsu≠f1 cannot help but be struck by the neatly arranged piles of stones from siege machines found at the site. This ordering, of course, represents the labors of contemporary archeologists and their assistants to gather the numerous but scattered stones. Yet, in spite of the recent nature of this "installation," these heaps are clear, if mute, evidence of the great efforts of the Mamluks led by Sultan Baybars (1260–77) to conquer the fortified city from the Franks in 1265. This conquest, as well as its political background and its aftermath, will be the subjects of the present article, which can also be seen as a case-study of Mamluk siege warfare. The immediate backdrop to the Mamluk attack against Arsu≠f was the events of the preceding weeks. At the end of 1264, while Baybars was hunting in the Egyptian countryside, he received reports that the Mongols were heading in force for the Mamluk border fortress of al-B|rah along the Euphrates, today in south- eastern Turkey. The sultan quickly returned to Cairo, and ordered the immediate dispatch of advanced light forces, which were followed by a more organized, but still relatively small, force under the command of the senior amir (officer) Ughan Samm al-Mawt ("the Elixir of Death"), and then by a third corps, together with © Middle East Documentation Center. The University of Chicago. *I would like to thank Prof. Israel Roll of Tel Aviv University, who conducted the excavations at the site, and was most helpful when he showed us the site. -
List of Rivers of Israel
Sl. No River Name Draining Into 1 Nahal Betzet Mediterranean Sea 2 Nahal Kziv Mediterranean Sea 3 Ga'aton River Mediterranean Sea 4 Nahal Na‘aman Mediterranean Sea 5 Kishon River Mediterranean Sea 6 Nahal Taninim Mediterranean Sea 7 Hadera Stream Mediterranean Sea 8 Nahal Alexander Mediterranean Sea 9 Nahal Poleg Mediterranean Sea 10 Yarkon River Mediterranean Sea 11 Ayalon River Mediterranean Sea 12 Nahal Qana Mediterranean Sea 13 Nahal Shillo Mediterranean Sea 14 Nahal Sorek Mediterranean Sea 15 Lakhish River Mediterranean Sea 16 Nahal Shikma Mediterranean Sea 17 HaBesor Stream Mediterranean Sea 18 Nahal Gerar Mediterranean Sea 19 Nahal Be'er Sheva Mediterranean Sea 20 Nahal Havron Mediterranean Sea 21 Jordan River Dead Sea 22 Nahal Harod Dead Sea 23 Nahal Yissakhar Dead Sea 24 Nahal Tavor Dead Sea 25 Yarmouk River Dead Sea 26 Nahal Yavne’el Dead Sea 27 Nahal Arbel Dead Sea 28 Nahal Amud Dead Sea 29 Nahal Korazim Dead Sea 30 Nahal Hazor Dead Sea 31 Nahal Dishon Dead Sea 32 Hasbani River Dead Sea 33 Nahal Ayun Dead Sea 34 Dan River Dead Sea 35 Banias River Dead Sea 36 Nahal HaArava Dead Sea 37 Nahal Neqarot Dead Sea 38 Nahal Ramon Dead Sea 39 Nahal Shivya Dead Sea 40 Nahal Paran Dead Sea 41 Nahal Hiyyon Dead Sea 42 Nahal Zin Dead Sea 43 Tze'elim Stream Dead Sea 44 Nahal Mishmar Dead Sea 45 Nahal Hever Dead Sea 46 Nahal Shahmon Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba) 47 Nahal Shelomo Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba) For more information kindly visit : www.downloadexcelfiles.com www.downloadexcelfiles.com. -
Bimt Seminar Handout
Bringing the Bible to LifeSeminar Physical Settings of the Bible Seminar Topics Session I: Introduction - “Physical Settings of the Bible” Session II: “Connecting the Dots” - Geography of Israel Session III: Archaeology & the Bible Session IV: Life & Ministry of Jesus Session V: Jerusalem in the Old Testament Session VI: Jerusalem in the Days of Jesus Session VII: Manners & Customs of the Bible Goals & Objectives • To gain a new and exciting “3-D” perspective of the land of the Bible. • To begin understanding the “playing board” of the Bible. • To pursue the adventure of “connecting the dots” between the ancient world of the Bible and Scripture. • To appreciate the context of the stories of the Bible, including the life and ministry of Jesus. • To grow in our walk of faith with the God of redemptive history. 2 Bringing the Bible to Life Seminar About Biblical Israel Ministries & Tours Biblical Israel Ministries & Tours (BIMT) was created 25 years ago (originally called Biblical Israel Tours) out of a passion for leading people to a personalized study tour experience of Israel, the land of the Bible. The ministry expanded in 2016. BIMT is now a support-based evangelical support-based non-profit 501c3 tax-exempt ministry dedicated to helping people “connect the dots” between the context of the ancient world of the Bible and Scripture. The two-fold purpose of BIMT is: 1. Leading highly biblical study-discipleship tours to Israel and other lands of the Bible, and 2. Providing “Physical Settings of the Bible” teaching and discipleship training for churches and schools. It is our prayer that BIMT helps people to not only grow in a deeper understanding (e.g. -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
Nachrbl. Bayer. Ent. 54 (3/4), 2005 101
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen Jahr/Year: 2005 Band/Volume: 054 Autor(en)/Author(s): Witt Thomas Josef, Müller Günter C., Kravchenko Vasiliy D., Miller Michael A., Hausmann Axel, Speidel Wolfgang Artikel/Article: A new Olepa species from Israel (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) 101-115 © Münchner Ent. Ges., download www.biologiezentrum.at NachrBl. bayer. Ent. 54 (3/4), 2005 101 A new Olepa species from Israel (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) Thomas J. WITT, Günter C. MÜLLER, Vasiliy D. KRAVCHENKO, Michael A. MILLER, Axel HAUSMANN & Wolfgang SPEIDEL Abstract Olepa schleini sp. nov. is described from the Mediterranean Coastal Plain of Israel and compared with allied species that are all native to the Indian sub-continent. Differential analysis is based on habitus, genital morphology and mtDNA sequence analysis (COI gene). The new species is pro- posed to be cited according to art. 51C of the Code (ICZN), under the name Olepa schleini WITT et al., 2005. Introduction The genus Olepa WATSON, 1980, belongs to the Spilosoma genus-group (Spilarctia genus-group of KÔDA 1988; tribe Spilosomini; subfamily Arctiinae). It was formerly regarded as a monotypical genus represented by the single species Olepa ricini (FABRICIUS, 1775). This view was changed only recently by ORHANT (1986), who revived two taxa from synonymy of ricini to the status of valid species and described five new species from South India and Sri Lanka. Later, Olepa was divided in two species-groups (ORHANT 2000). The ricini group is characterised by a narrow uncus and valvae, which usually are pointed at the tip, whereas the valvae of the ocellifera group have a rounded apex and an additional sub-apical finger-shaped extension, and a broad hood-shaped un- cus. -
Israeli) Star of Hope Agamograph 29 X 31 Cm (11 X 12 In.) Signed Lower Right, Numbered '8/25' Lower Left
1* Yaacov Agam b.1928 (Israeli) Star of Hope agamograph 29 x 31 cm (11 x 12 in.) signed lower right, numbered '8/25' lower left $1,500-1,800 2* Yaacov Agam b.1928 (Israeli) Untitled color silkscreen mounted on panel 57 x 62 cm (22 x 24 in.) signed lower right, numbered 'L/CXLIV' lower left $400-500 3 Menashe Kadishman 1932-2015 (Israeli) Sheep head acrylic on canvas 30 x 30 cm (12 x 12 in.) signed lower left and again on the reverse $450-550 4 Menashe Kadishman 1932-2015 (Israeli) Motherland charcoal on paper 27 x 35 cm (11 x 14 in.) signed lower right $150-220 5 Menashe Kadishman 1932-2015 (Israeli) Valley of sadness pencil on paper 27 x 35 cm (11 x 14 in.) signed lower right $100-150 6* Ruth Schloss 1922-2013 (Israeli) 1 Girl in red dress, 1965 oil on canvas 74 x 50 cm (29 x 20 in.) signed lower right Provenance: Private collection, USA. $3,500-4,000 7 Sami Briss b.1930 (Israeli, French) Doves oil on wood 8 x 10 cm (3 x 4 in.) signed lower center $500-650 8 Nahum Gilboa b.1917 (Israeli) Rural landscape with wooden bridge mixed media on canvasboard 23 x 30 cm (9 x 12 in.) signed lower right, signed and titled on the reverse $1,800-2,200 9 Audrey Bergner b.1927 (Israeli) Flutist oil on canvas 40 x 30 cm (16 x 12 in.) signed lower right, signed and titled on the reverse $4,800-5,500 10 Yohanan Simon 1905-1976 (Israeli) Vegetarian Evolution, 1971 oil on canvas 46 x 54 cm (18 x 21 in.) signed in English lower left, signed in Hebrew and dated lower right, signed, dated and titled on the stretcher $8,000-10,000 11* Yohanan Simon 1905-1976 (Israeli) Wedding, 1969 2 oil on canvas 15 x 23 cm (6 x 9 in.) signed in English lower left and in Hebrew lower right $2,200-2,500 12 Menashe Kadishman 1932-2015 (Israeli) Fallow deer iron cut-out 34 x 30 x 2 cm (13 x 12 x 1 in.) initialled $1,400-1,600 13 Naftali Bezem b. -
Download Our AIA Magazine 2015
WHO WE ARE FOUNDER COUNCIL The Late Brigadier General Lady Sainsbury (Chairman) Sir Wyndham Deedes, CMG, DSO Lady Anderson Sir Andrew Burns, KCMG HON PRESIDENT The Earl of Balfour contents HE The Ambassador of Israel Mrs E Corob Dame Vivien Duffield, DBE 5. HON VICE-PRESIDENTS Mr JM Greenwood CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE Mr M Green Mrs M Park 6. ISRAAID Mrs L Hochhauser The Marquess of Reading Mr J Marshall Mr D Sumberg 8. WITH NO SOLUTION IN SIGHT: BETWEEN TWO NATIONAL MOVEMENTS - SHLOMO AVINERI Mr GR Pinto The Lord Weidenfeld Lady Sainsbury The Rt Hon The Lord Woolf, PC 12. A WAKE UP CALL TO THE WEST - BENNY MORRIS Mr A Yablon 17. ISRAEL’S PEOPLE WANT PEACE TOO. PRESSURE DOESN’T HELP – DANIEL TAUB EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (TRUSTEES) The Lord Bew (Chairman) DINNER COMMITTEE 18. BDS AND UK CHARITIES Mrs J Atkin Lady Baker (Co Chairman) Mr R Bolchover (Co-Deputy Chairman) Mr A Reeve (Co Chairman) 22. I AM A ZIONIST Miss B Dingle Ms L Diamond 24. AMBASSADOR MATTHEW GOULD Professor D Hochhauser (Co-Deputy Chairman) Mr B Streather Mr D Kessler Mrs E Tarling 25. SPEECH MADE BY AMBASSADOR DANIEL TAUB AT THE “WE STAND BY ISRAEL CONFERENCE” Mr H Lewis FCA (Hon Treasurer) Ms O Polizzi EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 26. IN THE NEWS Mr A Reeve Mrs Ruth Saunders Dr A Sher 30. ISRAELI INNOVATIONS Mr B Streather 42. SUZANNE PERLMAN - A VISIONARY EXPRESSIONIST. Mrs E Tarling Mr T Vince 46. WAS THIS THE SITE OF JESUS’S TRIAL? 48. ISRAEL GETS ITS NINTH UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE 50. -
Archaeological, Geomorphological and Cartographical Evidence of the Sea Level Rise in the Southern Levantine Basin in the 19Th and 20Th Centuries
Quaternary International xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Archaeological, geomorphological and cartographical evidence of the sea level rise in the southern Levantine Basin in the 19th and 20th centuries ∗ E. Tokera,b, , J. Sharvitc, M. Fischerd, Y. Melzere, O. Potchterf a Kibbutzim College, Mordechai Namir 149, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel b Porter School of Environmental Studies, Tel-Aviv University, Israel c Underwater Archaeology Unit of the Israel Antiquities Authority, Rockfeller Museum, Jerusalem, Israel d Institute of Archaeology of Tel-Aviv University, Israel e Survey of Israel, Lincoln St 1, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel f Department of Geography, Man and Environment, Beit Berl College, 44905, Israel ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Sea level variability affected by sea water mass is strongly associated with global, regional and local climate. In Sea level this context, the eastern Mediterranean Sea has been intensively investigated in recent decades because of its Archaeological sea level indicators sensitivity to climatic and environmental variables, due to the influence of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient Historical maps (EMT). The sea level in Israel during the Crusader period (12th-13th centuries CE) was found to be 19th century −0.5 ± 0.20 m relative to the present mean sea level (MSL). The difference between the Crusader sea level and Acre the present-day MSL raises some questions which bring us to the aim of this study: estimating the timeline of the Jaffa Caesarea changes in sea level elevation in the eastern Mediterranean over the last two centuries. Archaeological evidence from areas of low tidal range, such as the Mediterranean Sea, can provide significant information on sea level changes for times when instrumental measurements where not yet available (e.g., before 1955 in Israel). -
2 the Archaeological Evidence
2 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE THE SHARON AND THE CARMEL COAST All the sites on the Canaanite coast of the I:Iefer Valley, in the Sharon, and on the Carmel coast The data contained in the above-mentioned documents without exception-were laid waste at the end of the as well as the biblical sources indicate that after the de thirteenth century BCE in a total destruction that put struction of the Canaanite world, Philistines had settled an end to Canaanite culture and Egyptian domina in southern Palestine; the Bible, the Egyptian sources, tion. This destruction has been attributed by the ex and the archaeological evidence all provide consid cavators of all the settlements in these areas to the erable information about Philistine domination and Sea Peoples (Gadot 2008, Paley and Porath 1993; settlement of this area and about their five great cities. Kochavi 1993; Herzog, Rapp, and Negbi 1989; Stern As was stated above, their northern border was at the 1978; Stern 2000; Artzy 1993; Elgavish 1994; M, Do Yarkon River, where the remains of several flourish than 1955; 1986; Ben-Tor, Bonfil, and Zuckerman 2003; ing Sea Peoples' cities were uncovered: The first, Tel Ben-Tor, Zarzecki-Peleg, and Cohen-Anidjar 2005). Aphek, was excavated by M. Kochavi and published by Following this destruction, four groups of settlements Gadot and Yadin (Beck and Kochavi 1993; Gadot 2006; can be distinguished. The first comprises Late Bronze Gadot and Yadin 2009:300-314); others include Tell Age settlements which were destroyed and never re Qasile with its buildings and temples, discovered by built. -
1 REFERENCES Abel M. 1903. Inscriptions Grecques De
1 REFERENCES Abel M. 1903. Inscriptions grecques de Bersabée. RB 12:425–430. Abel F.M. 1926. Inscription grecque de l’aqueduc de Jérusalem avec la figure du pied byzantin. RB 35:284–288. Abel F.M. 1941. La liste des donations de Baîbars en Palestine d’après la charte de 663H. (1265). JPOS 19:38–44. Abela J. and Pappalardo C. 1998. Umm al-Rasas, Church of St. Paul: Southeastern Flank. LA 48:542–546. Abdou Daoud D.A. 1998. Evidence for the Production of Bronze in Alexandria. In J.-Y. Empereur ed. Commerce et artisanat dans l’Alexandrie hellénistique et romaine (Actes du Colloque d’Athènes, 11–12 décembre 1988) (BCH Suppl. 33). Paris. Pp. 115–124. Abu-Jaber N. and al Sa‘ad Z. 2000. Petrology of Middle Islamic Pottery from Khirbat Faris, Jordan. Levant 32:179–188. Abulafia D. 1980. Marseilles, Acre and the Mediterranean, 1200–1291. In P.W. Edbury and D.M. Metcalf eds. Coinage in the Latin West (BAR Int. S. 77). Oxford. Pp. 19– 39. Abu l’Faraj al-Ush M. 1960. Al-fukhar ghair al-mutli (The Unglazed Pottery). AAS 10:135–184 (Arabic). Abu Raya R. and Weissman M. 2013. A Burial Cave from the Roman and Byzantine Periods at ‘En Ya‘al, Jerusalem. ‘Atiqot 76:11*–14* (Hebrew; English summary, pp. 217). Abu Raya R. and Zissu B. 2000. Burial Caves from the Second Temple Period on Mount Scopus. ‘Atiqot 40:1*–12* (Hebrew; English summary, p. 157). Abu-‘Uqsa H. 2006. Kisra. ‘Atiqot 53:9*–19* (Hebrew; English summary, pp. -
THE END of PAGAN TEMPLES in ROMAN PALESTINE Gregory
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE END OF PAGAN TEMPLES IN ROMAN PALESTINE Gregory William Stoehr, Doctor of Philosophy, 2018 Dissertation directed by: Professor Hayim Lapin, Department of History I am investigating fate of polytheist temples in Late Antique Roman Palestine, with a primary focus on the archaeological remains of the temples themselves. This focus is a deliberate effort to steer the conversation about “Christianization” and the “end of paganism” into the domain of empirical evidence. The inner religious states of individuals, and hence populations, confound efforts at quantification. Thus, this dissertation is instead an accounting of the fate of the public venues that were used by pagans, for specific ritual behavior that enhanced status, in what was the most significant part of the Empire in terms of the history of Christianity. Ancient Palestine in the third and early fourth centuries was part of the normal Mediterranean pagan milieu. Cities such as Bet Shean, Aelia Capitolina, and Caesarea Maritima provide us with evidence for dozens of pagan temples. This study finds evidence for forty-four temples. There were certainly many more than those for which we have evidence. All of these pagan temples eventually went out of commission. Only three temples in Palestine had endings that were remarkable enough to be preserved in the literary record. The ending of the rest was far less dramatic, if we even know about it. A combination of neglect, natural disaster, extended quarrying through time, and encroachment of ritual space by other buildings was significantly more common than more dramatic scenarios that involved overt social conflict. -
“South Africa's 800” by Henry Katzew
SOUTH AFRICA’S 800 The Story of South African Volunteers in Israel’s War of Birth by Henry Katzew Compiled and produced by Maurice and Marcia Ostroff from Henry Katzew’s original manuscript Edited by Joe Woolf Key to the Front Cover Top to bottom: • The famous Haganah immigrant ship S.S Exodus 1947, in which 4500 refugees were forcibly returned to Hamburg in September 1947. (See foreword & Palestine Post article page 23) • Boris Senior in a Spitfire constructed from bits and pieces. • A group of Machalniks, in the Tank Corps. • A column of the 9th Palmach, Commando Battalion. Revised and reprinted November 2003 COPYRIGHT© All rights reserved No part of this document may be reproduced by any means whatsoever, except with the prior express written permission of the South African Zionist Federation. Correspondence should be addressed to: Telfed, 19/1 Schwartz Street, Ra’anana, 43212 Israel Telephone +972 9-7446110 Fax + 972 9-7446112 E-mail: [email protected] About this book “South Africa’s 800” is about Machal, the collective Hebrew acronym for volunteers from abroad and about individual volunteers, colloquially known as Machalniks. The book reveals details never previously documented and provides a valuable new perspective on Israel’s birth and struggle for survival. It includes eye witness reports by active participants in the events. While written mainly through South African eyes, the book also contains gripping anecdotes about volunteers from the USA, Britain and other countries. It throws new light on important events and personalities of the time. In his engaging eloquent style, Henry Katzew takes the reader on a fascinating expedition through recent historical events including: • Adventures of 8 young South Africans in their ill-fated attempt to bypass British restrictions on immigration to Palestine, by travelling overland from Pretoria.