Tartu Kuvand Reisisihtkohana Kohalike Ja Välismaiste Turismiekspertide Seas

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Tartu Kuvand Reisisihtkohana Kohalike Ja Välismaiste Turismiekspertide Seas View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library Tartu Ülikool Sotsiaalteaduskond Ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut Tartu kuvand reisisihtkohana kohalike ja välismaiste turismiekspertide seas Bakalaureusetöö (4 AP) Autor: Maarja Ojamaa Juhendaja: Margit Keller, PhD Tartu 2009 Sisukord Sissejuhatus ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Töö teoreetilised ja empiirilised lähtekohad ............................................................................ 7 1.1. Turism .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.2. Reisisihtkoha maine ja selle tekkimine ............................................................................ 9 1.2.1. Võimalikud takistused positiivse maine kujunemisel ............................................. 11 1.3. Sihtkoha bränd ja brändimine ........................................................................................ 12 1.4. Teised uuringud sarnastel teemadel ............................................................................... 15 1.5. Uuringu objekt: Tartu reisisihtkohana ............................................................................ 16 1.5.1. Turismistatistika Eestis ja Tartus ............................................................................ 17 2. Uurimisküsimused ................................................................................................................. 19 3. Meetod ja valim ..................................................................................................................... 20 3.1. Meetod ............................................................................................................................ 20 3.2. Valim .............................................................................................................................. 21 3.2.1. Kohalikud turismieksperdid .................................................................................... 21 3.2.2. Välismaised turismieksperdid ................................................................................. 22 4. Tulemused ............................................................................................................................. 24 4.1. Ekspertide hinnang Tartule kui reisisihtkohale .............................................................. 24 4.1.1. Tartu tuntus tema põhisihtturgudes ......................................................................... 24 4.1.2. Tartu üldpilt ............................................................................................................ 26 4.1.3. Tartu tugevused ja nõrkused reisisihtkohana .......................................................... 26 4.1.4. Tartu senine areng ja Tartu viie aasta perspektiivis ................................................ 35 4.2. Tartu positsioneerimine .................................................................................................. 36 4.2.1. Tartu positsioneerimine Eesti kontekstis ................................................................ 36 2 4.2.2. Tartu sihtrühmad ..................................................................................................... 38 4.2.3. Reisitüüp, mille jaoks Tartu sobivaim reisisihtkoht on .......................................... 41 4.2.4. Sõnumid, mida võiks edastada Tartu bränd ............................................................ 42 4.3. Tartu turunduskommunikatsioon ja turismiarenduskorraldus ........................................ 43 4.3.1. Turundus ................................................................................................................. 43 4.3.2. Turismiarenduskorraldus ........................................................................................ 46 4.3.3. Turismiekspertide tõlgendused visuaalide põhjal Tartu kommunikatsioonis kasutatavatest logodest ja trükistest ....................................................................................... 48 5. Järeldused ja diskussioon....................................................................................................... 52 5.1. Järeldused ....................................................................................................................... 52 5.1.1. Üldhinnang Tartule kui reisisihtkohale ................................................................... 52 5.1.2. Tartu tugevused ja nõrkused reisisihtkohana .......................................................... 52 5.1.3. Tartu positsioneerimine .......................................................................................... 54 5.1.4. Tartu turunduskommunikatsioon ja turismiarenduskorraldus ................................ 57 5.2. Kriitika uurimismeetodile ja uuringule .......................................................................... 59 5.3. Praktilised soovitused Tartu turismiturundusega seotud organisatsioonidele ................ 60 Kokkuvõte ..................................................................................................................................... 63 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 65 Kasutatud kirjandus ...................................................................................................................... 67 Lisad .............................................................................................................................................. 71 Lisa 1. Marika Kooliga tehtud intervjuu transkriptsioon ............................................................. 71 Lisa 2. Kaja Allilenderiga tehtud intervjuu transkriptsioon .......................................................... 89 Lisa 3. Liina Laariga tehtud intervjuu transkriptsioon ................................................................ 100 Lisa 4. Kristiina Ojamaaga tehtud intervjuu transkriptsioon ...................................................... 112 3 Lisa 5. Kairi Ustaviga tehtud intervjuu transkriptsioon .............................................................. 122 Lisa 6. Elina Aroga tehtud intervjuu transkriptsioon .................................................................. 169 Lisa 7. Neil Tayloriga tehtud intervjuu transkriptsioon .............................................................. 190 Lisa 8. Ole Rasmusseniga tehtud intervjuu transkriptsioon........................................................ 204 Lisa 9. Andrei Volkoviga tehtud intervjuu transkriptsioon ........................................................ 217 Lisa 10. Intervjuu küsimustik kohalikele ekspertidele ............................................................... 224 Lisa 11. Intervjuu küsimustik välisekspertidele .......................................................................... 226 Lisa 12. SA Tartumaa Turismi trükised (näidised) ..................................................................... 228 Lisa 13. Turismi- ja maineteenistuse poolt välja antud trükised (näidised) ............................... 230 Lisa 13. Muude asutuste trükised (näidised) ............................................................................... 232 4 Sissejuhatus Turismimajandust peetakse maailma suurimaks ning kõige kiiremini arenevaks ja ühtlasi ka väga keerulise struktuuriga majandusharuks. Paljudes maades (nt Island, Hispaania) on turism riigi peamiseks majandusharuks ja põhiliseks sissetulekuallikaks. Ka Eestis on turism majandusharuna suure osatähtsusega, moodustades SKPst otseselt ligi 10%, kaudselt aga umbes 15% (Lõuna- Eesti Turismi arengustrateegia aastani 2010. www.visitestonia.com, aprill 2009). 2008.a. oli Eesti tulu välisturismist 17, 6 miljardit krooni ehk 9,3% rohkem kui eelneval aastal (Eesti ja maailma turism 2008. www.eas.ee, mai 2009). Eestis võiks kaasaegse lääneliku turismi algusaastaiks pidada 90ndaid, mil toimus riigi taasiseseisvumine ja avati piirid nii väljaminevaks kui sissetulevaks turismiks. Eesti kui reisisihtkoha teadliku mainekujundamise alguseks võiks lugeda aastat 2000, kui loodi Ettevõtete Arendamise Sihtasutus (EAS) (ja selle alla turismiarenduskeskus), mille visiooniks on: „Töötame selle nimel, et Eesti oleks hea mainega riik, mille ettevõtluskeskkond on maailma parimate seas.“ (EAS. www.eas.ee, jaanuar 2009). Sihtkohtade maine on aga just üheks oluliseks eelduseks, miks ühe või teise reisisihtkoha kasuks otsustatakse. Kuigi Tartus pole turism majandusharuna nii oluline kui nt Tallinnas või Pärnus, on see siiski üheks linna oluliseks sissetulekuallikas. Samas ei ole turistide poolt linnale sisse toodud raha ainus põhjus, miks turismi edendamine oluline on (turismiga kaasnevaid positiivseid nähtusi on kirjeldatud allpool). Tartu linna positiivse maine loomisega välisturgudel tegeleb SA Tartumaa Turism, mis loodi aastal 1999. Põhjus, miks uuringusse kaasati kodumaised turismieksperdid, on selles, et nemad tegelevad otseselt Tartu kui reisisihtkoha positiivse kuvandi loomisega. Väliseksperte võib aga nimetada n– ö gatekeeper iteks, kes vahendavat infot Tartu kohta potentsiaalsetele turistidele, olles seega ühtlasi ka üheks grupiks, kes Tartu imagot loovad. Puutudes oma igapäevatöös kokku lõpptarbijatega, omavad eksperdid infot nende vajadustest, reisimismotiividest jms., millest tuleks ka sihtkoha turunduskommunikatsioonis
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