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About the Editor About the Editor James T. Richardson, J.D., Ph.D. is Professor of Sociology and Judicial Stud­ ies at the University of Nevada, Reno. where he directs the Judicial Studies graduate degree program for trial judges, serves as director of the Grant Sawyer Center for Justice Studies. a research arm of the University. and teaches in the Sociology Department and the Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program in So­ cial Psychology. He specializes in Sociology of Law, Sociology of Religion, Social Psychology and Law, and Social Science Evidence. He has done re­ search and made presentations in two dozen countries, and has been a Fulbright Fellow in The Netherlands , a Rockefeller Fellow at Bellagio, Italy, and has held visiting appointments at the London School of Economics, Melbourne Univer­ sity, the University of Sydney, and Queensland University. He has published some 200 articles and chapters in books, as well as seven other books. The major focus of his research in recent years has been on the way that governmental entities seek to exert control over minority faiths, and the con­ sequences of such actions, an interest reflected in this volume. Other books by Dr. Richardson include Conversion Careers: In and Out of the New Religions (1978), The Brainwashing/Deprogramming Controversy (with David Bromley, 1983), Money and Power in the New Religions (1988), The Satan ism Scare (with David Bromley and Joel Best, 1991), Organized Miracles: A Study ofa Youth, Communal, Fundamentalist Organization (with Mary Stewart and Robert Simmonds, 1979), and Challenging Religion: Essays in Honor ofEileen Barker (with James Beckford, 2003). 555 Index Aagaard, Johannes, 229-231 , 232 Americans for Separation of Church and State, 13 Abgrall , Jean-Marie, 37, 47,127-149,155 Amistad Cristiana, 444 cultic brainwashing theory of, 127-128, 13&--137 Ananada Marga, 389 Daubert guidelines-based evaluation of, 138-143 Anatomy ofthe Sect (Andrzej and Zwolinski), as expert witness in anti-cull trials, 128-129, 130 268-269 lack of publication in peer-reviewed journals, 143 Anglican Church. See also Church of England Mecanique des Sects, La, 129-130 in Australia, 334, 337 opposition to Aumist religion , 75, 76. 80 opposition tosexual anti-discrimination report on Scientology, 130 legislation , 339 Abortion, legalization of, in Italy, 208 Anglicans, in Australia , 335 About , Nicolas, 62, 63, 160 Animal s Accion Cat6lica , 461-462 Aumist concept of, 78-79 Accordo di Villa Madama, 307 ritual sacrifice of, 387 Addiction theory, of cults, 141-143 Annacondia, Carlos , 468 ADFI. See Association pour la Defense de la Famille Arnall, Jozsef, 289 et de l'lndividu (ADFI) Anthony, Dick , 128, 133-135, 144 Administration of Muslirnic Refugees , 103 Anthroposophical Christian Fellowship, 224, 226 Adolat organization, 321 Anthroposophic Society, 118-121, 160 "Affectivity bombing," 169 Anti-abortion movement, in France, 44-45 Afro-Brazilian religions, in Argentina, 455, 460, 461, Anti-Americanism, 14 471 Anti-Cult Movement , 521-522 Agarwal , Ashok, 400 brainwashing ideology of, 131 Ahmadi, A. M.. 392, 393 as social movement industry, 180 Aide al'Eglise qui souffre, 29-30 Anti- Vaticanist cult, 47 Alamo , Tony, 538 AI'A Monitor, 519 Alamo Foundation, 538 Apocalyptic groups , membe rs' suicides in, 216 Albright, Madeleine, 365 Apostolic Church , in Italy, 210 Allianc e of Baptist Churches, 315 Arab-Australi ans, harassment of, 337, 338 Alliance of Free Democrats, 280 Arabs, as Australian immigrants, 340 Alliance of Jewish Congr egations, 289 Archbishop of Canterbury, 238 AI Qaeda, 218 Argentina, 453-475 American Civil Liberties Union, 13, 537 anti-cult activities andpolicies in American Family Foundation, 130-131 Accfon Cat6lica, 461-462 American FumilyPhysician, 511 anti-Americanism of, 456 American Jewish Congress, 537 Catholic Church's role in, 456, 469-470 American Psychiatric Association, 133, 517 FAPES foundation and, 460 American Psychological Association , 138,517,519 government reaction s to, 461-467 Board of Social and Ethical Responsibility for media coverage for, 462, 470 Psychology, Task Force on Deceptive and National Register of Cult s, 454, 455, 459-460, IndirectMethods for Persuasionand Control, 466-467,468-469,471 519 new religiou s movements' response to, 457-458 557 558 Index Argentina(cont.) Aumistreligion,73-83 parliamentaryreactionsto, 459-461 Associationde Defensede la Famille et des Penal Code and, 453, 454, 465-466 Individus(ADFI)opposition to, 75, 77, 79 SPES, 459, 460, 462 Associationof the Knightsof the Golden Lotus, 75, ArgentineEpiscopalConference,463 77 ArgentineYogaSchool,457-458,470 Cultural Associationof the Temple-Pyramid,7&-77 Catholic Churchin, 453-454, 465 ecologydoctrineof, 74, 78-79 anti-cultpositionof, 456, 469-470 Mandarin(holy city) of, 74, 75, 77, 81 legal status of, 454-455 environmentalists'oppositionto, 74, 75, 79-81 Center for IslamicStudies, 469 Frenchgovernmentraid on, 75, 76 FAPES,46O mediacampaignagainst, 43 militarydictatorshipin, 458 Order of the TriumphantVajra,76 newand minorityreligionsin originof, 75 Afro-Brazilian religions,455, 460, 461, 471 putativedevianceanalysis of, 80 Childrenof God,455, 456, 457, 459, 460 Aum Shinrikyo, 74, 86, 213, 215 Churchof God,462, 463 allegedbrainwashingby, 36&-367 EightQueens,456, 457, 458, 459, 463 Japanesegovernment'sfailure to control,359-360, EscuelaCientificaBasilio,461, 469 365-366,374 Evangelicals,455, 464, 471 in Russia,248, 249-250 The Family,457, 460, 461, 470-471 Tokyosubwaysarin gas attacks by, 14,74, 114, Hare Krishna,455, 461 365-366,369-370,374,375 Jehovah's Witnesses, 455, 461 AUMsound, 78 media's coverageof, 453, 454, 455-456, 457, Australia,333-342 458-459 AnglicanChurch in, 334, 337 Mormons,461 opposition tosexualanti-discrimination NewAge groups,461 legislation,339 opposition toanti-cult activitiesandpolicies. Catholic-Anglican hegemonyin, 334, 335 457-458 CatholicChurch in, oppositionto sexual Pentecostalchurches,461 anti-discrimination legislation, 339 Spiritistgroups, 454,469,471 deprogrammingin, 7 Umbanda,457, 461, 471 EurekaStockaderebellion in, 334 UnificationChurch,457, 461, 469 religiousdiversity in proposedlaw on religiousfreedom, 454, 462-465, critical policydevelopmentfor, 338-340 471 Freedomof Religionsand Belief legislationand, CatholicChurch'soppositionto, 467-468 333 Evangelicals'oppositionto, 467-469 historicalbackgroundof, 333-336 "public areas" modelof, 453-454 immigrationand, 335, 33&-338,340 registra.ionof religiousgroups in, 454-455, institutionalcontextof, 33&-337 459-460, 464 religiousdiscriminationand, 338 religiouspluralismin, 15 ReligiousFreedomAct and, 338 Secretariatof Cults,455 religiousfreedomand, 333-335 Armenia,Jehovah's Witnessesin, 66 "White Australia" policy and, 335 Army of God, 355 "Satanism scare" in, 9 Aslam, Mohammed, 401 third-partysupport for new religious movements in, Assemblyof God Pentecostals,in Italy,208, 209 14-15 Associationde Defensedes Sites du Verdon,75 Austria,hierarchyof religiousgroups in, 244 Associationof the Knightsof the GoldenLotus,75, 77 Austrian-Hungarian Empire,collapse of, 300 Associationof Victimsof IllegalPracticeof Medicine, Autopsies,537-538 117 "Awakenings," 492 Associationpour la Defensede la Familleet de I'lndividu (ADFI), 214 Baamonde,Jose Maria, 456, 462, 467 actionagainst theTwelveTribesMessianic Baha'i religion, in Denmark,224 Communities,188-189, 193-194, 199 Balbo,Cesare, 205 oppositionto Aumistreligion,75, 77, 79 Baptists Polish affiliateof, 261, 264, 268, 275-276 in Croatia, 315 Atheism,in communistcountries, 243, 296 in Czech Republic, 2% Atlantis, 78 in Hungary,280, 291, 292 AtmanFoundation,157 in Italy, 208 Index 559 Barber, T. X.• 140-141 phases of, 135-136 Barker, Eileen, 243 scientific evaluation of, 127-149 Barthelemy, Denis, 173 as basisfor regulation of newreligiousmovements, Bauberot, Jean , 68--69 6, 131-132 Beattie, Larry, 499 for conservatorship hearings, 3, 11-12 Beattie, Lorna, 499 cultural diffusion of, 9-10 Behnk, Wolfgang, 197-198 for deprogramming, 3-4, 7 Belgium, anti-cult activities and policies in, 6, 60, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) model of, 113-125 129-130, 135, 136, 137, 138 toward Anthropo sophic Society, 115, j 16-125 scientific evaluation of, 130-135 anti-cult Web pages, 216 as coercive conditioning Belgian Anthroposophic Society v. The French scientific evaluation of, 139-140 Community ofBelgium case, 115, 116-118 use of hypnosis in, 140-141 Catholic Church's opposition to, 114 criminali zation of, 81 Catholic Church 's support for, 114, 116 dissociation mechanism of, 132-1 33 development of, 113-115 European parliamentary and governmental reports Freemasonry Lodges and, 115 on, 151-178 Information and Advisory Center on Harmful Belgian reports, 157-158 Sectarian Organizations and an Admini stration Canton of Geneva report s, 158-159, 163-164 Coordinator Cell, 114-115, 116, 118-121 Council of Europe report s, 17l-ln Anthropo sophic Society's opposition to. 116, Dutch reports, 156 118-1 21 French report s, 155-156 , 159-163, 173 motivation for, 115-11 6 German reports, 165-168 Observatory of Cults, 113, 115, 158 Italian reports , 168-169 parliamentary reports onnew religious movements. Spanish report s, 156-157 113-114,152,215 Swedish report s, 164 U. S. Departm ent of State 's criticism 01',115 Swiss reports, 164-165 , 169-171 Berger Report , 154, 168 type I reports, 152-153 Berliner, Dr., 117 goal of, 130 Bertelsen, Jes, 230 during Korean War, 128, 129, 131, 136-1 37,517, Bertel sen, Pemille, 230 518 Berzano, Luigi, 80 as legal defense, 525-526 Bhaaratiya
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