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The SAGE Encyclopedia of the SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION 2 Editors Adam Possamai Western Sydney University Anthony J. Blasi Tennessee State University (Retired) FOR INFORMATION: Copyright © 2020 by SAGE Publications, Inc. SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by U.S. copyright law, no part 2455 Teller Road of this work may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any Thousand Oaks, California 91320 means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without permission E-mail: [email protected] in writing from the publisher. SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. All third party trademarks referenced or depicted herein are included B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area solely for the purpose of illustration and are the property of their Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 respective owners. Reference to these trademarks in no way indicates India any relationship with, or endorsement by, the trademark owner. SAGE Publications Ltd. Printed in the United States of America. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road ISBN: 978-1-4739-4220-2 London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 18 Cross Street #10-10/11/12 China Square Central Singapore 048423 Acquisitions Editor: Natalie Aguilera Developmental Editor: Sanford Robinson Production Editor: Gagan Mahindra Copy Editor: Hurix Digital Typesetter: Hurix Digital Proofreaders: Elen Brink; Theresa Kay Indexer: Integra Cover Designer: Dally Verghese Marketing Manager: Carmel Schrire 20 21 22 23 24 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Volume 2 List of Entries vii Entries M 457 T 833 N 521 U 869 O 543 V 881 P 559 W 903 Q 641 Y 921 R 653 Z 929 S 715 Index 935 List of Entries Abortion Baha’i Faith Acquaviva, Sabino Baptist Church Activism Bastide, Roger Adorcism Bataille, Georges Aesthetics Baudrillard, Jean African Christianity Beliefs African Diaspora: Religious Practices Believing Without Belonging. See Beliefs African Religions Bellah, Robert N. Age Berger, Peter Agnosticism Big Data Analysis AI. See Artificial Intelligence (AI) Blasphemy Al-Biruni Body, The Alevism Boko Haram Alternation Bourdieu, Pierre Amish Brahma Kumaris Anabaptist Brainwashing Ancestor Worship Branch Davidians Anglican Church Bricolage. See Syncretism Animism Buddhism Anomie Anthropology of Religion Caillois, Roger Anti-Cult Movement Calvinism Anti-Semitism Candomblé Apocalyptic Movements Canon Law Apostasy Caodaism Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cargo Cults Asceticism Carrier, Hervé Assabiyah. See Ibn-Khaldun Case Study Association for the Sociology of Religion Catholicism Astrology Celibacy Atheism Census Atonement Chaplaincy Attachment Theory and the Charisma Study of Religion Charity Attribution Theory Child Sexual Abuse Aum Shinrikyo Children of God Authority Christian Right Axial Age Christian Zionism Azevedo, Thales Christianity vii viii List of Entries Church of Almighty God Eastern Orthodoxy Church–Sect Theory Economics and Religion Church–State Relations Economy and Society, by Max Weber Civil Religion Ecospirituality Clarke, Peter Ecstasy and Ecstatic Religion Class Education and Religious Diversity Clergy Eisenstadt, Shmuel N. Cognitive Dissonance El Shaddai Movement Collective Effervescence Elderly, The Comparative–Historical Methods Elective Affinity Comte, Auguste The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, by Conflict Perspective Émile Durkheim Confucianism Eliade, Mircea Conjure Emerging Church Conspiracy Theories Emotion Consumer Culture Engaged Buddhism Contemplation Environment and Religion Content Analysis Episcopal Church. See Anglican Church Conversion Erhard Seminars Training (est) Counterculture Esotericism Creationism and Intelligent Design Ethnicity Critical Theory Ethnography Cultic Milieu Eugenics Cultural, Religious, and Spiritual Capital Euthanasia Cultural Studies Evans-Pritchard, E. E. Culture Exorcism Exoticism, Religious Daesoon Jinrihoe Daoism, or Taoism Faith-Based Organizations de Certeau, Michel Falun Gong Death Family Definition of Religion Fanfani, Amintore Demography of Religion Feminism Denomination Fertility Deprivation Theory Fichter, Joseph Deprogramming Folk Religion. See Popular Religion Desroche, Henri Foucault, Michel Deterritorialization and Reterritorialization Frazer, James G. Detraditionalization and Retraditionalization Freedom of Religion of Religion Freud, Sigmund Deviance Functionalism. See Durkheim, Émile; Diffused Religion O’Dea, Thomas F.; Parsons, Talcott Digital Activism Fundamentalism Digital Religion Discourse Analysis Geertz, Clifford J. Doomsday Cults. See Apocalyptic Movements Gender Douglas, Mary Ghosts and Spirits Du Bois, William E. B. Globalization Dumont, Fernand Gramsci, Antonio Durkheim, Émile Greeley, Andrew List of Entries ix Gülen Movement Islam Gustafsson, Göran Islamic Finance Islamic Jihad Habitus Islamization Hadden, Jeffrey K. Islamophobia Halal Halbwachs, Maurice Jainism Hammond, Phillip E. Jama’at at-Tabligh. See Tablighi Jama’at Haram. See Halal James, William Hare Krishna (International Society for Krishna Jehovah’s Witnesses Consciousness) Jesus People Hargrove, Barbara Judaism Hasidism Heaven’s Gate Kabbalah Hezbollah Higher Education Laïcité Hijab Lambert, Yves Hindu Nationalism Late Modernity and Postmodernity Hinduism Latter-day Saints Historical Sociology Law and Religion Hizb ut-Tahrir Le Bras, Gabriel Houtart, François Leclercq, Jacques Human Potential Movement Lévi-Strauss, Claude Human Rights and Religion LGBTQI* People and Religion Humanism Liberation Theology Hybridity. See Syncretism Life Stories Hyper-Real Religion Lived Religion Longitudinal Study Ibn-Khaldun L’Ordre du Temple Solaire. See Order of the Solar Ideal Types Temple Identity Luckmann, Thomas Ideology Lutheranism Illuminati Immigrant Religion Maduro, Otto Implicit Religion Magic Inculturation. See Missionization Mahāyāna Buddhism Indigenous Religions Malinowski, Bronislaw Individualism and Individualization Mana Integrism Marian Apparitional Movements Intelligent Design. See Creationism and Intelligent Marketization and Branding Design Martin, David Intentional Communities Martyrdom Interfaith Dialogue Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich International Development and Religion Material Culture International Society for the Sociology of Religion Mauss, Marcel Interrituality McDonaldization Intersectionality Mecca Interviews Media Invisible Religion Meditation ISIS Megachurch x List of Entries Mennonite. See Anabaptist Peoples Temple Methodism Phenomenology Millennialism Philosophy of Religion Mindfulness Piety and Pietism Missionization Pilgrimage and Tourism Modernization and Modernity Pillarization Mol, Hans Plausibility Structure Monasticism Plymouth Brethren Christian Church Monotheism Politics and Religion Monsters and Horror Popular Religion Mormons. See Latter-day Saints Possession, Spiritual Movies Post-Apocalypse Multiculturalism Postcolonialism Multiple Modernities Post-Islamism Multiple Secularities. See Multiple Modernities Postmodernism Music Postsecular Society Muslim Brotherhood Prayer Mysterium Tremendum. See Religious Experience Predestination Mysticism Prejudice and Racism Presbyterianism Naqshbandiya Prison, Religion in Narrative Analysis Privatization of Religion Nation of Islam Procession Nationalism Profane. See Sacred Native American New Religions Prophecy Neal, Marie Augusta Prosperity Gospel Neo-Pentecostalism The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Neo-Shamanism by Max Weber Neo-Sufism Protestant Ethic Thesis New Age Movement Protestantism New Religious Movements Protestantization of Religion Nuwaubian Nation Psychoanalysis Psychology of Religion O’Dea, Thomas F. Public Faith Online Ethnography Public Funding of Religion Ontological Security Puritanism Opus Dei Order of the Solar Temple Quakers Ordination Qualitative Data Analysis Software Orientalism Qualitative Research Otherworldly and Inner-Worldly Quantitative Data Analysis Software Otto, Rudolf Quantitative Research Quimbanda. See Umbanda Paganism, Contemporary Pancasila Race. See Ethnicity Papacy Radicalization Paranormal Raëlians Parsons, Talcott Rajneesh/Osho Movement Participant Observation Rastafarianism Pentecostalism Rational Choice Theory List of Entries xi Reasonable Accommodation Simmel, Georg Reenchantment and Disenchantment Social Cohesion Refugees Social Constructivism Religion and Health Social Control Religion and Science Social Darwinism Religion in China Social Fact Religious Accommodation Social Gospel Movement Religious Diversity Social Justice Religious Entrepreneurship Social Memory Religious Experience Social Movements Religious Field. See Cultural, Religious, and Social Psychology Spiritual Capital Social Theory Religious Healing Socialization Religious Literacy Society for the Scientific Study of Religion Religious Research Association Soka Gakkai International Religious Studies Sound Resacralization Spatial Analysis Research Committee 22 for the Sociology of Spencer, Herbert Religion Spiritualism Research Methods in the Sociology of Religion Spirituality Revivalism Sport Risk Society and Religion Standardization. See Protestantization of Religion Ritual State Management of Religion Rohingya People State Religion/Official Religion Rosicrucianism Stratification Routinization Structuralism Sturzo, Luigi Sacred Subud Sacrifice Sufism Sai Baba Movement Suicide Saint-Simon, Henri de Sunni Islam Salafism Supply-Side Theory Salvation Army Survey Methodology. See Quantitative Research San La Muerte Symbolic Interactionism. See Social Psychology Sangha Symbolic Power and Violence Santa Muerte Syncretism Satanism Syriac Christianity
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